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India. Khatris had probably been travelling from the Punjab since the days of
Saltanate curmudgeon Zia al-Din Barani, whose denunciation of the Hindu dominance of the Indo-Muslim economy would have been appropriate for the Mughal period as well. Khatris would have found it easy to join caravans that has traversed the Khyber and other Indo Afgan passes since ancient times.In Iran, Khatris both sold cloth and various other Indian goods in bazaars, such as Isfahan's Maidain-i Shah, and lent money to merchants in the cash starved Iranian economy. In the early eighteenth century, the Englishman Edward Pettus, who served the East India company in Isfahan, complained about Indian aggressive marketing techniques. Using Banian as a general term for all non-Muslim Indians he wrote: The bannians, the cheif Marchantes who vende Linene of India, of all sorts and prices, which this Countrye cannot bee without, except the people should goe naked...they vende most of the linene they bring to Spahan after a most base peddlinge, and unmarchante like manner...carying it up and down on their shoulders the Bazar. Later in the century Chardin criticized Indians for their moneylending and wrote stereotyped characterization of the Khatris that reminds readers of European Christian portrayals of Jews, ironic considering Chardin was a Huguenot who had taken refuge in England. He pictured the Khatris as a nefarious class of usurious moneylenders who drained Iran of its precious metals by repatriating their ill-gotten gains to India. His was an ethnic explanation for a fundamental economic imbalance between the two regions.
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pre-Independence period. As recently as 1988, a polemicist representing himself as an Oxford-trained Indian 'socio-historian' published an account of the supposed origins and heritage of north India's
Khatris. Today, as in the past, those who call themselves Khatri favour the livelihoods of the pen and the ledger. In the colonial period, however, Khatri caste associations extolled the heritage of their 'community' as one of prowess and noble service (seva), claiming that their dharmic essence was that of the arms-bearing Kshatriya and therefore quite unlike that of the commercial Agarwals and other pacific Vaishyas. These same themes were recapitulated by the author of the 1988 text: the Khatris, 'one of the most acute, energetic, and remarkable race in India', are heirs to a glorious martial past, 'pure descendants of the old Vedic Kshatriyas'. The writer even tries to exalt Khatris above Rajputs, whose blood he considers 'impure', being supposedly mixed with that of 'inferior' Kols or 'aborigines': in his view only Khatris are 'true representatives of the Aryan nobility'.<39>Footnote: 39 Puri 1988: 3, 78, 163, 166. The writer appeals to the Khatri 'race' to 'wake up' and cherish their heritage as 'followers of the Hindu Dharma Sastras' (5). Above all they should guard against 'hybridising', i.e. marrying non-Khatris (166). These views closely resemble those of pre-Independence race theorists (see Chapters 3-4). Compare Seth 1904
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56:
7835:...its main adherents came from those in government service, qualified professionals such as doctors, engineers, and lawyers, business entrepreneurs, teachers in schools in the bigger cities and in the institutes of higher education, journalists...The upper castes dominated the Indian middle class. Prominent among its members were Punjabi Khatris, Kashmiri Pandits, and South Indian brahmins. Then there were the 'traditional urban-oriented professional castes such as the Nagars of Gujarat, the Chitpawans and the Ckps (Chandrasenya Kayastha Prabhus)s of Maharashtra and the Kayasthas of North India. Also included were the old elite groups that emerged during the colonial rule: the Probasi and the Bhadralok Bengalis, the Parsis, and the upper crusts of the Muslim and Christian communities. Education was a common thread that bound together with this pan Indian elite...But almost all its members spoke and wrote English and had had some education beyond school
7866:'national' elite have now expanded to include several new groups of castes, by and large of the dwija varna, which have acquired access to English education in the post Independence periodSociologically viewed, the ranks of the pan-Indian elite are drawn from several groups ousted from the regions, such as Punjabi Hindus, Kashmiri Pundits and South-Indian Brahmins. Then there are the traditional urban-oriented professional castes such as the Nagars of Gujarat, the Chitpawans and the CKPs(Chandrasenya Kayastha Prabhus) of Maharashtra and the Kayasthas of North India whose members have joined the ranks, albeit more through responding to the pull factor than being subject to the push factor.Also included amound them are the old elite groups which emerged during the colonial rule: The Probasi and the Bhadralok Bengalis, the Parsis, and the upper crusts of the Muslim and Christian communities with a pronounced secular and nationalist persuation.
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one of the
Vaishya caste of Punjabi Hindus, he shows that their social status was higher than the Arora, Suds and Baniyas in the 19th century Punjab. He quotes Ibbetson who states that the Punjabi Khatris who held prominent military and civil posts were traditionally different from the Aroras, Suds or Baniyas who were rural, of low status and mostly commercial. Punjabi Khatris, on the other hand, were urban, usually prosperous and literate. Thus, the Khatris led the Vaishyas in seeking a higher social position in the flexible Varna hierarchy based on their superior achievements. Similar social mobility efforts were followed by other Hindus in Punjab McLane also describes them as a "mercantile caste who claimed to be Kshatriyas". In the 19th century, British failed to agree whether their claim of Kshatriya status should be accepted.
682:
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keeping with their new prosperity (Jordens 1978) linked with the economic advance of
British India; in the Punjab, his movement developed along the same lines among the merchant castes which felt that they could aspire all the more legitimately to the leadership of their community as the Brahmins and Kshatriyas, who had been hierarchically superior to them had been marginalized. Barrier hence explains the attraction that the Arya Samaj exercised over the merchant castes by the fact that: Dayananda's claim that caste should be determined primarily by merit not birth, opened new paths of social mobility to educated Vaishyas who were trying to achieve social status commensurate with their improving economic status.
4191:(Pg 16)Group I. Castes which follow various professions like teachers, doctors, clerks, pleaders, engineers etc:-All Brahmins,Non Brahmins: Kayastha Prabhu,Pathare Prabhu, Pathare Kshatriya, Khatri, Vaishya Vani (pg 29) Castes called Khatris are found in Gujarat Karnataka and Maharashtra. This sample represents the Marathi speaking khatris who claim to have living near the Bombay island for the last century at least. Khatris are found in other towns in the west maratha countries their hereditary profession is said to be that of silk weavers and merchants. Now they have entered into all services like clerks, teachers and higher administrative jobs and also follow professions like law and medicine.....
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own, they employed adjuncts from another caste known as Kunbis. The latter soon learnt the craft and turned into formidable competitors. Particularly, the
Khatris resented that at some time in the mid-1770s, at the very end of the period studied here, the Mughal governor had granted their Kunbi rivals the right to manufacture saris, a popular female garment. In 1742, the Khatri weavers refused to deliver cloth to the EIC to protest against the immigration of Muslim weavers; it is difficult to say whether this strike was a purely economic matter or whether religion, status and caste were an issue as well.
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Treemungalacharya was insulted by throwing cowdung at him in Pune, but he has no shame and still calls himself a
Brahmin. Similarly a (Marathi) Khatri or Koshti (weavers) who are included in Panchal at places other than Bombay, call themselves Kshatriya in Bombay and say their needles are the arrows and their thimbles are the sheaths. How surprising that those Sonars and Khatris at the hands of whom even Sudras will not take water have become Brahmins and Kshatriyas. He continues, in short day by day higher castes are disappearing and lower castes are prospering.
3136:, the migrant population were forced to live in camps under open sky. Only a meager 5% received "grossly undervalued claims against their properties in shape of very poorly cultivable land, while remaining 95% though entitled for compensation could not get any thing to sustain". This migrant population is also referred to as ‘refugee’ and ‘sharnarthi’ (शरणार्थी) in a derogatory manner by some locals. A Punjabi organisation had approached the Haryana government with a demand to ban both words and to enact a law on the lines of the
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to command as royal scribes, but they also appear in inscriptional literature represented as pious donors and great men in their own right. Originally serving medieval Hindu kings, the coming of the Muslim empires opened up new opportunities for them. In these new courtly contexts, their willingness to assimilate themselves to the
Persianate language and the culture of Muslim courts gave them a sharp advantage - although often, in the process, attracting sharp hostility from Brahman scribal rivals(O'Hanlon 2010b:563-95)
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930:
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Since these
Muslims were not allowed to have any direct connection with high caste Hindus, the finished products of Muslims were marketed by the Khatris. The Muslim weavers were good in weaving and their labour was cheap for they had to take whatever they were paid to establish themselves. Now the Khatris started focusing more on marketing. By this way, weaving from the Khatris passed into the hands of the Muslims. Gradually, the Khatris became traders.
3210:
2565:
2632:
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2548:, the Khatri, who were considered low-caste Hindus at the time, helped them. The Muslims had to depend on the Khatri weavers because the Muslims found it difficult to interact with the high-caste Hindus directly at the time. Since these new immigrant Muslims were cheap labour, the Khatris took over marketing and thus transited from weavers to traders over time. The Muslims, who learned the technique of
249:, they were mostly engaged in mercantile professions such as banking and trade. They were the dominant commercial and financial administration class of late-medieval India. Some in Punjab often belonged to hereditary agriculturalist land-holding lineages, while others were engaged in artisanal occupations such as silk production and weaving.
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balanced against the Khatri origin myths...By the eighteenth century, and probably long before, they were a dominant group in the trade of the Punjab and
Afghanistan, and they had penetrated into Turkistan and also east and south into many parts of India. ...This raises the possibility that Khatris were resident in Bengal in pre-Mughal times.
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balanced against the Khatri origin myths...By the eighteenth century, and probably long before, they were a dominant group in the trade of the Punjab and
Afghanistan, and they had penetrated into Turkistan and also east and south into many parts of India. ...This raises the possibility that Khatris were resident in Bengal in pre-Mughal times.
3033:, which pushed them in droves towards Delhi and its neighbourhoods. This exodus opened new opportunities for them. A combination of enterprise, articulation, and strategic closeness to the national capital— which, in itself, was becoming a major growth hub - created conditions for Khatri capital to flourish in the post-Partition period.
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great varna scale of class divisions and their importance within the Hindu community. Processed of questionable and flexible status in the traditional hierarchy, literate, urban and often wealthy, in search of recognition for their achievements and pretentions, the Khatris acted as traditional innovators, leaders into new worlds
2621:". The outcome of their assertions - which included providing financial support to the Mughals and shaving their beards - was that the Khatris became still more important to the Mughal rulers as administrators at various levels, in particular because of their skills in financial management and their connections with bankers.
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4002:
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Among Punjabi Hindus the Vaishyas would lead; among Vaishyas, the Khatri and his associates, the Saraswat Brahmins. The Khatris claimed with some justice and increasing insistence, the status of Rajputs, or Kshatriyas, a claim not granted by British but illustrative of their ambiguous position on the
8025:
Following Karve's classification in the Konkan, the Kayastha Prabhu, Pathare Prabhu, Pathare Kshatriya, Khatri and Vaisya Vani may be listed with the Brahmins as professional groups. The intermediate or artisan and service castes include the Sonar (goldsmiths), Kasar (coppersmiths), Shimpi (tailors),
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Weavers and other artisans frequently moved to places where the prospects for international trade or state patronage were great. Khatri weavers living in Gujarat largely trace their ancestry to Champaner in the current Panch Mahals district or to Hinglaj in Sind. Community genealogists today preserve
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In northern India and Rajput states, Persian assimilated Kayasths and the khatris were the leading scribal people. These communities were not Brahmans, but had early in the second millennium developed as specialised scribes and clerks. Popular literatures reviled them for the influence they were able
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Everyone does what he wants, Sonars have become Brahmins, Treemungalacharya was insulted by throwing cowdung at him in Pune, but he has no shame and still calls himself a Brahmin. Similarly a Khatri or Koshti who are included in Panchal at places other than Bombay, call themselves Kshatriya in Bombay
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their military service and said that they should be shopkeepers and brokers. This legend is probably fanciful: McLane notes that a more likely explanation for their revised position was that a Sikh rebellion against the Mughals in the early 1700s severely compromised the Khatri's ability to trade and
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during Mughal era. However, this profession often created conflicts with the Brahmin scribes who discontinued the use of Persian and started using Marathi in the Deccan. According to McLane, them being a trading group, had spread into many parts of India, possibly long before the 1700s and to Bengal,
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specifically stereotyped and expressed disapproval of the money-lending techniques of the Khatri community. According to Dale, this racist criticism was ironic given Chardin's non-English background but adds that it was Chardin's way of giving an "ethnic explanation" to the economic disparity between
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When the first caravan of Muslim weavers known as 'sat gharua' entered Banaras, there was monopoly of Khatri Hindus over the weaving industry in Banaras. The Khatri Hindus known as Pattikas or Pattakars assisted to these immigrant Muslim weavers in founding their craft both by cash and raw material.
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The Sikh Struggle in the Eighteenth Century and Its Relevance for Today, W. H. McLeod, History of Religions, Vol. 31, No. 4, Sikh Studies (May 1992), pp. 344-362, The University of Chicago Press/ quote: "Although Bachitar Natak is traditionally attributed to Guru Gobind Singh, there is a strong case
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Some of them, known in sources as banians, sold goods and lent money in the Persian gulf port of Bandar 'Abbas. However, most of the 10,000 Indians whom Chardin estimated resided in Isfahan in 1670 belonged to the prominent Khatri caste group, whose members were native to the Punjab and northwestern
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in terms of scale and spread of operation. Before independence they were only regional players and their rise in phenomenal proportions was a post-independence feature. Since then, they have produced leading entities in fields of pharmaceuticals, two-wheelers, tractors, paper, tyre-making and hotels
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is the name given to Hindus who live in Afghanistan. They are Hindus of Khatri class and are found all over Afghanistan even amongst the wildest tribes. They are wholly occupied in trade and form numerous portion of the population of all the cities and towns, and are also to be found in the majority
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John Stratton Hawley and Mann clarify that although the word "Khatri" derives from the word "Kshatriya", in Punjab's context Khatri refers to a "cluster of merchant castes including Bedis, Bhallas and Sodhis". Purnima Dhavan sees the claim as originating from a conflation of the phonetically similar
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In fact, there are some castes which do not quite fit into any of the four varnas. I do not know enough about the situation in south India. But in Northern India, castes such as Khatris and Kayasths are difficult to fit into the varna system. The Khatris are par excellence traders, but they are not
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Examples of continuing fascination with the Kshatriya ideal abound, as can be seen in the many post-Independence publications which exalt the doings of individual named jatis. The production of these 'community' histories has been as active an industry in the late twentieth century as it was in the
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The old neocolonial upper-caste elite, with a long tradition of education in the language of the ruling elite, with a long tradition of education in the language of the ruling elite of the time -Sanskrit of Persian in the past or english today - still constitutes its core. However, the ranks of the
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Muslim community learned the art of weaving from the Pattikas khatris - a low Hindu caste at that time. It was easier to mix with low Hindu castes than higher one for muslims. The muslims who installed their own looms and learnt weaving were known as 'chira-i- Baaf' meaning 'Fine cloth weavers'. By
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Historian Kenneth W. Jones states that the Khatris of Punjab had some justification in claiming Kshatriya status from the British government. However, the fact that this claim was not granted at the time showing their ambiguous position in the varna system. Although Jones also classifies Khatris as
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Punjabi Khatris and others, together with the traditionally "urban and professional" castes, formed a part of the elite middle class immediately after independence in 1947. According to P. K. Verma, "Education was a common thread that bound together this pan Indian elite" and almost all the members
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In 1891, more than half the 9,105 male members of the movement belonged to the Khatri and Arora merchant castes. This sociological composition reflected the same socio-cultural logic as in Gujarat where Dayananda had set up the Arya samaj with the support of traders seeking a better status more in
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Similarly, Zafar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat, was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of a low subdivision called Talk, originally from southern Punjab, but born in Delhi, where he rose from menial to noble status in the Delhi sultan's household. As the governor of
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In the study of the political economy of Gujarat in the second half of the eighteenth century, the author points out that castes and subcastes did not prevent inter-caste mobility. Thus, when the Khatri weavers found that they have more orders for high-quality cottons than they could fill on their
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who describes Khatris as "one of the most acute, energetic, and remarkable race in India", "pure descendants of the old Vedic Kshatriyas" and "true representatives of the Aryan nobility". Puri also tried to show the Khatris as higher than the Rajputs whose blood he considered "impure", mixed with
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Khatris were an agrarian people belonging mainly to south Punjab; claiming descent from Kshatriyas of old. It is for this reason that Sikander gives a long genealogy that would link the Sultans of Gujarat with Ramachandra, in other words, with the Suryavanshis. Like most genealogies fabricated to
4755:
Three Hindu communities had particularly strong ties with Persian and Urdu, namely the Kayasths, Kashmiri Brahmins and Khatris. Two of the three - Kayasths and Khatris could claim a high status among their fellow Hindus, while the third, Kashmiri Brahmins - ranked among the highest of the Brahmin
3500:
respectively. The latter considered themselves superior to the former and they called themselves "Brahmakshatriyas" after arriving in Gujarat. When the older Khatri community of Gujarat started prospering, they also started calling themselves "Brahmakshatriya", causing the new Khatri community to
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The Khatris were a Punjabi mercantile caste who claimed to be Kshatriyas. Nineteenth-century Indians and British administrators failed to agree whether that claim should be accepted. The fact that overwhelming majority were engaged in Vaishya (mercantile), not Kshatriya (military), pursuits was
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The Khatris were a Punjabi mercantile caste who claimed to be Kshatriyas. Nineteenth-century Indians and British administrators failed to agree whether that claim should be accepted. The fact that overwhelming majority were engaged in Vaishya (mercantile), not Kshatriya (military), pursuits was
3798:. He further adds that the genealogy of communities such as Khatri, Lohana and Arora is described in the composition of Hiṃgulā Purāṇ that brings them all into one mytho-historic narrative. He also notes that common mythologies found among Khatris and Lohanas. Some members, around 10-15% of the
4434:
In the past members of such castes such as Khatris served as shopkeepers, moneylenders, traders and teachers. Their reputation for mastering knowledge sometimes extended to the spiritual realm: Guru Nanak and the other nine founding gurus of the sikh tradition were Khatris, member of the Bedi
8106:
In the past members of such castes such as Khatris served as shopkeepers, moneylenders, traders and teachers. Their reputation for mastering knowledge sometimes extended to the spiritual realm:Guru Nanak and the other nine founding gurus of the sikh tradition were Khatris, member of the Bedi
6607:
Anyone who wished to enter the large Mughal bureaucracy as an accountant or a scribe had to be well qualified in Persian, since all papers and imperial orders (firmans) were written in that language. The elders of the Hindu castes such as Kayasths and Khatris, who were professional scribes,
3541:
and say their needles are the arrows and their thimbles are the sheaths. How surprising that those Sonars and Khatris at the hands of whom even Shudras will not take water have become Brahmins and Kshatriyas. In short day by day higher castes are disappearing and lower castes are prospering.
3362:‘inferior’ Kolis or ‘aborigines’. She considers his views to represent those of "pre-Independence race theorists". Bayly further describes the Khatris as a "caste title of north Indians with military and scribal traditions". Hardip Singh Syan says Khatris considered themselves to be of pure
6670:
Writing in the 1760s in the Deccan districts of the Mughal empire, he was witness to the rise there of the Brahmin Peshwas who took over the Mughal Bureaucracy and promoted Marathi in place of Persian, displacing the North Indian Persian-literate Hindu scribes of the Kāyastha and Khatri
8883:
The cynical remarks of the Brahmin point out that there was a general tendency of the castes to elevate themselves in the social strata, no doubt taking advantage of the British policy of neutrality towards castes. Thus he says: Everyone does what he wants, Sonars have become Brahmins,
7486:
A large number of specialized artisan and craftsmen castes lived almost entirely in towns, as for example Soni(goldsmith), Kansara(brazier), chudgar(bangle-maker), chhipa(dyer, printer), bhavsar(weaver, dyer, printer), khatri(cotton weaver), salvi(silk weaver), kadiya(brick layer)..and
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The Sikh community grew rapidly in the sixteenth century. Nanak's earliest followers had been fellow Khatris engaged in petty trade, shopkeeping, or lower level civil service in the Lodi or Mughal bureaucracies. But as the movement grew, it experienced a significant influx of Jat
2705:
to Islam between 9th and 13th centuries. Later, they aligned themselves to the teachings of Guru Nanak, himself a Khatri and converted to Sikhism. Hence, Khatris of Afghanistan are in no way of "Indian origin" but are components of the original population of the region.
3395:
cast doubts on it. McLane opines that the confusion was caused since Khatris pursued mercantile occupations and not military ones. However, he adds that this Vaishya occupation fact was balanced by their origin myths, the "possible" derivation of the word Khatri from
4791:
Hindus—Kayasthas (of the accountant and scribe caste) and Khatris (of the trading and scribe caste of the Panjab) in particular—joined madrasahs in large numbers to acquire training in Persian language and literature, which now promised good careers in imperial
791:
Chattri ko poot ho, Baman ko naheen kayee tap aavat ha jo karon; Ar aur janjaar jito greh ko tohe tyaag, kahan chit taan mai dharon, Ab reejh ke deh vahey humko jo-oo, hau binti kar jor karoon ; Jab aao ki audh nidaan bane, att hi ran main tab jujh
7548:
In the last place, 'silk weaving carried on to a large extent.' the products 'much valued for the fastness of the dye', with Khatri dyers working at 'pits on the banks of the dry river Rukmavati where water is said to give specially clear and lasting
2531:
while talking about the castes, he observed "The second highest caste (after Brahmins in the caste system) is the Chhatri which is also known as Khattri. The Chhatri caste's purpose is to protect the oppressed from the aggression of the oppressors".
8056:
In Maharashtra, the Khatri have different subgroups, such as Brahmo Khatri, Gujarathi Khatri, Kapur Khatri, Sahashtrarjun Khatri, Surthi Khatri, Somvanshiya Khatri, and Maratha Khatri which are territorial and endogamous. They are weavers by
804:. All other complications of life are meaningless for me, and I set my heart on the path of righteousness. I humbly beseech thee God Almighty that when the time comes for me to fulfill my Dharma, may I die with honour in the field of battle.
3555:
The vast majority of Khatris are Hindu. Many Hindu Khatris made their first newborn a Sikh. Daughters were married into both Hindu and Sikh families according to the Khatri sub-hierarchy rules. Hindu-Sikh intermarriages among Khatris and
575:, Greek historians have mentioned that Alexander faced stiffed resistance from Indian army of "Kathiyo" warriors. Sastri further adds that "even in present day modern-India, a group of martial caste members called Khati (Khatri) exist in
3441:
explains the attraction of these trading castes to the Arya Samaj as a means of social mobility associated with their prosperity during the British rule. He cites N. G. Barrier to show that the philosophy of the Arya Samaj founder,
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and Khatri merchant castes. In Punjab, the Kshatriya castes who were ritually higher than the Aroras and Khatris had been disempowered and thus the Brahmins who had lost their patrons had to turn to these non-Kshatriya castes.
5277:
Khatri (khatri) "merchant-caste." Although the name derives from Sanskrit kshatriya, which designates the warrior or ruling castes, khatri in Punjabi usage refers to a cluster of merchant castes including Bedis, Bhallas and
2710:
says "I do not know the exact limits of Khatri occupation to the West, but certainly in all Eastern Afghanistan they seem to be just as much part of the community as they are in the Punjab. They find their way into Central
832:, there is another sort of gentiles whom they call Catry, the town is properly their country and from thence they spread all over the Indies." According to Dr. Madhu Tyagi, Thevenot is referring to Hindu Khatri caste here.
4597:
The traditional and present - day occupation of the Khatri is silk and cotton weaving, colouring, dyeing of threads and making jari and garlands. Some of them are engaged in other occupations like business and government
5336:
It is reasonable to presume at the moment on the basis of the cumulative evidence adduced above that the Kathioi, Khatriaioi and the Khatriyas appear to be synonymous- all representing the Kshatriyas-Khatriyas-Khatris."
3356:
states that the Khatris had scribal traditions and despite that Khatri caste organisations in the British Raj era tried to portray their caste as Kshatriyas. Similar caste glorifying ideas were written by the historian
3322:
varna, many others do not. According to some historians, even though they participated in mercantile or other occupationally diverse professions such as Agriculture, they were originally Kshatriyas. In Indian historian
1714:
which translated to House of 2.5, 4, 12 and 52 respectively. They formed the majority of Khatris and were deemed superior. This was followed by Sareen Khatris who formed a minority. Another sub-group of Khatris include
531:
comments that in Punjabi language, Kshatriya is pronounced as Khatri. As per Dr. GS Mansukhani and RC Dogra, "Khatri appears to be unquestionably a Prakritised form of Sanskrit word Kshatriya." According to philologist
3774:, a historian of Sikhism, "traditionally the Aroras, though a relatively high caste were inferior to the Khatris, but the difference has now progressively narrowed. Khatri-Arora marriages are not unknown nowadays."
3674:
consider only themselves as Sikhs and consider Khatris as "bhapas". In Nicola Mooney's opinion, Jat Sikhs consider Arora Sikhs as "Hindu Punjabis" which reserves Sikhism for the Jats alone, denying even the fully
3910:
A History of Panjabi Literature (1100-1932): A Brief Study of Reactions Between Panjabi Life and Letters Based Largely on Important MSS & Rare and Select Representative Published Works, with a New Supplement
2718:
ca. 19th century, paint on paper A military procession of Hari Singh Nalwa (1791–1837), one of the greatest generals of the Sikh Empire. The military procession depicted is led by two horsemen carrying battle
7517:
In the 1840's a large number of weavers, mostly belonging to the kanbi and the Khatri castes and also the Muslim weavers, increasingly purchased machine made imported yarn to weave them into superior textila
6911:
The latter sultanate was founded by a former Tughluq governor, perhaps from a family of Punjabi Khatri converts, who took the title Muzaffar Shah in the early fifteenth century but reigned for only a short
6511:
and by Pattikas khatris withdrew from the scene and it was replaced by muslim community" When muslim community came to Varanasi after conquering Varanasi they settled at Alaipura and other muslim localities
5159:
Nanak was probably of a khatri jati, traditionally tradesmen and government officials in the Punjab, though the name Khatri is from the word Kshatriya. The nine Sikh gurus who came after him were certainly
526:
also agree that Khatri is derived from Kshatriya. Despite the etymology, Hardy says that Khatri is "a mercantile class" and Desai says the Khatris were "traditionally tradesmen and government officials".
7612:
Block printing is done with a resist substance by both Muslims and Hindus of the Khatri caste, and block printers can still be found in many villages. The background fabric for this work is normally red
6315:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. Volume 1: (26, 86, 496, 122, 124, 162, 316, 325, 454, 477 491, 2340), Volume 2: (1, 11, 32, 100, 127, 269, 288, 299, 567, 600), Volume 3: (168, 271, 277, 572).
603:
The Khatris played an important role in India's trans-regional trade during the period, being described by Levi as among the "most important merchant communities of early modern India." Levi writes: "
3425:, which on the one hand rises above the Hindu caste paradigm and on the other hand seeks to portray the Khatri gurus as a group of warrior-defenders of their faith, just as with the Kshatriya varna.
3338:
of Khatris and accept gifts only from them. Jürgen Schaflechner cites the historian Rowe who states that such Saraswat Brahmins who were considered a low caste, formed a symbiotic relationship with
3327:'s opinion, certain castes like Khatris and Kayasthas "do not quite fit" in the Hindu Varna system. According to him, Khatris are neither Vaishyas nor Kshatriyas but are "par excellence traders".
3137:
3707:
is credited with origin from the Khatris but was divided in belief to its descent according to the 1883 book "Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province".
3021:
ceremony called "reetan" or "goadbharai" is carried out amongst Khatris and Aroras. During the event, gifts are showered to the pregnant mother from family and friends among other traditions.
2666:
due to receiving excessive orders who soon became strong competitors to the Khatris much to their chagrin. In the mid-1770s, the Mughal governor granted the Kunbi rivals rights to manufacture
2613:
forced them to take sides. Those who were primarily dependent on the Mughals went to significant lengths to assert that allegiance in the face of accusations that they were in fact favouring "
3196:
and working as merchants although they had entered other professions later. Khatris in modern Maharashtra are divided into endogamous subgroups, such as the Brahmo Khatris and Kapur Khatris.
3192:
Khatris as one of the "professional/advanced castes" as they were doctors, engineers, clerks, lawyers, teachers, etc. during independence. She states that their traditional professions were
2662:, writes that, in 1742 Gujarat, the Khatris had protested the immigration of Muslim weavers by refusing to deliver cloth to the East India Company. In another case Khatris taught weaving to
3670:
to express opprobrium towards Sikhs of these castes. Until recently it was never used in polite company or print, but today the word is used quite openly" According to Birinder Pal Singh,
3350:, etc. who were trying to raise their varna status - which in turn would benefit the Saraswats as well. For this purpose, certain religious texts were written during the British Raj era
3036:
Damodaran adds that the land Khatris originally belonged to had very little industry and rail infrastructure until the 20th century and hence were not comparable to merchant groups like
6792:
the memory of how Khatri families fanned out through towns in central and southern Gujarat during the late sixteenth century, a period of rapid expansion in the region's foreign trade.
288:
onwards and found ready employment in the Imperial Services, specifically in the departments of accountancy (siyaq), draftsmanship (insha) and offices of the revenue minister (diwan).
7951:
9480:
3140:
with similar penalties. The community has a high literacy rate and are not dependent on money-lending and shopkeeping. They are engaged as doctors, engineers, administrators etc.
2685:, a member of the Tank caste of Punjabi Khatris according to the contemporary historian Shiekh Sikander or Rajputs. He started as a menial but rose to the level of a noble in the
3496:, former press secretary to the President of India, says that there were two groups of Khatris in Gujarat, that arrived right after the Mughal invasion and during the reign of
7879:
3532:
Khatris or Koshti to elevate themselves from ritually low status to Kshatriya by taking advantage of the British neutrality towards castes. She quotes a translation from a
2576:(1657–1955) was a Khatri dynasty, which gained a high social position for Khatris in the region resulting in greater migration of Khatris from North to Bengal. When Guru
917:
5389:
Note also the fierce Kathaíoi "tribe" (i.e. Kaṭha Brahmins) who live in the same area as the Salva (and Mahāvr̥ṣa) at the time of Alexander, see Arrian, Anabasis 5.22).
3636:
joined the faith. Khatris and Brahmins opposed "the demand that the Sikhs set aside the distinctive customs of their castes and families, including the older rituals."
3600:
hymns was a common practice and reverence was paid to the dead ancestors. They are both vegetarian and non-vegetarian depending on their affiliations with the sects of
767:
6638:
Kayastha and Khatri caste members acted as scribes (monshi) throughout the Mughal dynasty, and in so doing occupied positions in revenue collection, and record keeping
8897:
2206:
11472:
8187:
2411:
2202:
2186:
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9473:
5757:
2442:
2423:
2352:
2348:
2242:
2058:
1787:
6448:
2466:
2434:
2320:
2222:
2086:
2082:
1913:
1893:
1873:
354:
During the British colonial era, they also served as lawyers and engaged in administrative jobs in the colonial bureaucracy. Some of them served in the
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2497:
2415:
2372:
2356:
2340:
2312:
2278:
2266:
2250:
2158:
2130:
2122:
2098:
2078:
2066:
1997:
1977:
1937:
1889:
55:
8798:
Early Chauhān dynasties: a study of Chauhān political history, Chauhān political institutions, and life in the Chauhān dominions, from 800 to 1316 A.D
6935:
Similarly, Zaffar Khan Muzaffar, the first independent ruler of Gujarat was not a foreign muslim but a Khatri convert, of low subdivision called Tank.
5567:
The Cosmic Drama: Bichitra Natak, Author Gobind Singh, Publisher Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy of the U.S.A., 1989
2957:
because the water was supposed to have special properties to give steadfast colours. These products were often exported to east Africa. In Dhamadka,
2470:
2462:
2454:
2388:
2218:
2178:
2166:
2114:
2062:
1969:
1957:
1933:
1897:
3013:, during Khatri weddings, a ritual is carried out to test the Khatri groom's strength. The groom is supposed to slice the thick branch or stem of a
7579:
Block printing cloth, the traditional occupation of Khatri men, has been practiced in Dhamadka since the time of its foundation some 400 years ago.
2450:
2404:
2332:
2328:
2138:
1929:
1921:
1825:
656:'s, Khatris sold cloth and various items and also practised money-lending. Dale believes that Khatris had possibly been travelling from Punjab via
9136:
5922:
5142:
4641:
9466:
6053:
2324:
2126:
1961:
5031:
4518:
953:
Population Concentration of Khatris & Aroras by region (Note: The numbers are expected to be more since many Hindus boycotted the Census)
12602:
5593:
2592:
describes the Khatris of Punjab as a "scribe and trading caste". They occupied positions in revenue collection and record keeping and learnt
6191:"Report of Haryana Backward Classes Commission - 2012 | Welfare of Scheduled Caste & Backward Classes Department, Government of Haryana"
11329:
2913:
would become part of the Hyderabadi nobility and occupy the post of Prime Minister of Hyderabad. Notable individuals of the family include
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With the Muslim invasion the hereditary art fell on bad times, as the khatri community of weavers scattered far and wide in search of work
5783:
5115:
3985:
3958:
2580:
visited Bengal in 1666, he was welcomed by the local Khatris, thereby supporting earlier waves of migration of Khatris to Bengal as well.
6107:
4319:
12976:
11465:
8924:
5897:
3843:
of Himachal Pradesh call themselves Khatris. There is a popular saying among them "Ujreya Lahore te baseya Bharmaur" meaning that when
2094:
637:. As per Stephen Dale, the children born out of Indo-Turkic alliance were in sufficient number to form an Agrizhan suburb in the city.
272:. During the medieval period, with the rise of Persian as an elite vernacular due to Islamic rule, some of the traditional high status
5986:
5861:
3284:
However, most scholars do not agree with the Khatris' claims to Kshatriya varna. They consider castes in north India, like Khatri and
9418:
8174:
Agarwal, khatri, and bania usually denote people of merchant-trader background of middling clean-caste status, often of vaishya varna
6608:
encouraged their children to learn Persian; and Hindu writers in Persian increased greatly in numbers through the eighteenth century.
6232:
The Indian Economic and Social History Review: The merchant gurus: Sikhism and the development of the medieval Khatri merchant family
2102:
8298:
12329:
9883:
8733:
2286:
2198:
7502:
Indian Merchants and Entrepreneurs in Historical Perspective: With Special Reference to Shroffs of Gujarat, 17th to 19th Centuries
6623:
The World Imagined: Collective Beliefs and Political Order in the Sinocentric, Islamic and Southeast Asian International Societies
5173:
2701:, Afghan Hindus and Sikhs descend from the members of the country's indigenous Khatri population who resisted the conversion from
619:, was informed that Khatris were still highly involved in northwest India's trade and that they maintained communities throughout
327:, the commander-in-chief of the Sikh Khalsa Army, was an Uppal Khatri and responsible for most of the Sikh conquests up until the
12971:
9307:
3315:, Khatri, and Bania usually denote people of merchant-trader background of middling clean-caste status, often of Vaishya varna".
2210:
6394:
3454:
Dayananda's claim that caste should be determined primarily by merit not birth, opened new paths of social mobility to educated
2728:
The Khatris took on a prominent role in the emerging Sikh milieu of post-Mughal Punjab. According to the Khalsa Durbar Records,
10411:
9233:
6988:
These men, a certain Saharan and his brother Sadhu, were, mostly likely peasants or pastoralists, non-Muslim Tank Rajputs from
3802:
began working for the local rulers and hence achieved a higher status than Khatris and Lohanas. These people came to known as "
2670:. This licence was later revoked in 1800 due to pressure from the British, after a deal was struck between the Khatris and the
7002:
6958:
the Gujarati historian Sikandar does narrate the story of their ancestors having once been Hindu 'Tanks', a branch of Khatris.
6918:
3419:
Khatris, their Kshatriya claim reflects a contradictory attitude towards the traditional Hindu caste system. It is evident in
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4228:
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3266:
886:. In the NWFP, the Aroras which are considered a sub-caste of Khatris by some scholars were concentrated in the districts of
8567:
8325:
5647:
5199:
7981:
7707:
4101:"No reciprocation? Wife-givers and wife-takers and the bartan of the samskara among the Khatris of Mandi, Himachal Pradesh"
3132:
During 1947, Punjabis who migrated to Haryana during Partition were mostly Khatris or Aroras. As per a survey conducted by
2689:
family and became the Governor of Gujrat. After Timur attacked the city, people fled to Gujarat and it became independent.
681:
8271:
7764:
7385:
5501:
3029:
Harish Damodaran says the rise of Khatri industrialists in post-1947 India was a consequence initially of the cataclysmic
905:
They were also found in Afghanistan at a population of 300,000 in 1880. According to an 1800s colonial source referred by
12981:
12322:
6529:
The history of Burdwan Raj seems to mark the beginning of Khatri migration or its efflorescence of the Khatris in Bengal.
6283:
5971:
Census of India, 1901. Imperial Tables Part: I-VIII, X-XV, XVII and XVIII for Punjab and the North-West Frontier Province
4385:
182:
8998:
4468:
For the role of the khatri caste as village moneylender, shopkeeper and grain-dealer in pre-Independence Punjab, see ...
3116:'s population increased by 1.1 million in the period 1941–1951. This growth of 106% largely resulted from the influx of
2802:(1750-1814) became one of the most distinguished leaders of the Khalsa Army. He was the commander in chief of armies in
2608:. The order was made out of sympathy for the widows but when the Khatri community leaders refused to obey it, Aurangzeb
11439:
9263:
8820:
6631:
5707:
4965:
4874:
7050:
Gujarat he became independent from Delhi after Timur devastated the city an immense number of people fled to Gujarat..
6256:
5679:
5376:
2945:, during the colonial rule, Khatris contributed greatly to the weaving industry there. They as well as the Muslim and
10404:
9290:
9206:
9062:
8951:
8773:
8621:
8480:
8352:
7905:
7858:
7828:
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6981:
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5270:
4784:
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4461:
4339:
4282:
4066:
3249:
8594:
8379:
3288:
to be merchant castes who claim higher status based on the educational and economic progress they made in the past.
6941:
6124:
5810:
2849:
community, the Khatris gained considerably from the expansion of the Mughal empire, although both groups supported
2839:
389:
9337:
6367:
4642:"The Political Economy of Textiles in Western India: Weavers, Merchants and the transition to a Colonial Economy"
4272:
3384:
2707:
385:
9391:
3501:
panic and adopt the name "Nayar Brahmakshatriyas" for themselves. In addition, another community - the Gujarati
8443:
8130:
7341:
6190:
5836:
4058:
Tracing the Boundaries Between Hindi and Urdu: Lost and Added in Translation Between 20th Century Short Stories
2656:(Sindh) and the community genealogists believe that the migration happened during the late sixteenth' century.
8300:
Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes]
7680:
7456:
43 percent of the looms were owned by the main Hindu weaving castes, Khatri(silk) and Salis/padmasalis(cotton)
2605:
2234:
11495:
7412:
7084:
3262:
2624:
Khatri standards of literacy and caste status were such during the early years of Sikhism that, according to
8214:
5349:
3794:
were absorbed into Lohanas when they arrived in Sindh during the 18th century from cities in Punjab such as
8406:
5243:
3160:. Khatris of Himachal Pradesh are numerically most important commercial classes are mostly concentrated in
3133:
9458:
3478:
caste of low ritual status but they could be a mixed caste born of Kshatriya fathers and Brahmin mothers.
3790:
were close to the Khatris and intermarried with them. Jürgen Schaflechner mentions that many Khatris and
6421:
4804:
6039:
Census of India, 1931. Vol. IV: Baluchistan. Part I: Report and Part II: Imperial and Provincial Tables
5620:
3813:
Upendra Thakur mentions that there is a strong connection between the Khatris, Aroras, Lohanas and the
3324:
3231:
3220:
2918:
1681:
among other regions after the partition where they make up 9% and 8.0% of the population respectively.
8679:
7983:
Traditional Trade & Trading Centres in Himachal Pradesh: With Trade-routes and Trading Communities
6156:
5064:
4029:
3908:
3001:. Banking, trading and business were considered "traditional occupations of the Khatri in Rajasthan".
2953:, the silk products were highly valued and the Khatri dyers would work in the pits on the bank of the
12966:
11844:
9720:
6140:
4083:
3157:
2733:
2609:
2541:
898:. The Aroras spoke Jatki language which is the 9th century version of Saraiki (Multani) according to
895:
500:
6592:
Islamic Civilization in South Asia:A History of Muslim Power and Presence in the Indian Subcontinent
6240:
5484:
4311:
2644:
Historian Douglas E. Hanes states that the Khatri weavers in Gujarat trace their ancestry to either
855:
language. Highest percentage concentration of Khatris (excluding Aroras) were in Potohar regions of
451:. This change is not only accepted in Prakrit, but in all Indian vernaculars derived by it, such as
12961:
7734:
6075:
Census of India, 1921. Vol. XIV: North-West frontier provinces: Part I: Reports and Part II: Tables
3889:
Khatris claimed to live near the Bombay island from at least the mid-1800s and would speak Marathi.
3865:
7247:
7156:
6475:
3120:
migrants among other reasons. These were members of the Hindu and Sikh Khatri/Arora castes of the
2834:
ruler of Multan led a Sikh rebellion against British suzerainty over Multan after the fall of the
12951:
10524:
9452:
9250:
7791:
6776:
Small Town Capitalism in Western India:Artisans, Merchants and the making of the Informal Economy
6216:
4212:
616:
519:
366:
65:
17:
5812:
Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier
3366:
descent and thus superior to the Rajputs, who like them claim the Kshatriya status of the Hindu
944:
12986:
12956:
12071:
12046:
11824:
10856:
10836:
10491:
9162:
9110:
8244:
8026:
Teli (oil pressers), Khosti (weavers), Bhajvsar (dyers), Nhavi (barbers), Parit (washermen) ...
7533:
Transregional Trade and Traders: Situating Gujarat in the Indian Ocean from Early Times to 1900
7235:
7146:
6235:
4164:
4147:
3050:
2815:
2600:
According to a 17th-century legend, Khatris continued their military service until the time of
2477:
1861:
370:
365:
in 1947, Khatris migrated enmasse to India from the regions that comprise modern-day Pakistan.
344:
9052:
9025:
8470:
8157:
7848:
7562:
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Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India
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State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab
6894:
6774:
6748:
6557:
6476:"Trade, Textile and other Industrial Activities: A Study of Banaras region in Medieval India"
5294:
4451:
4415:
523:
214:
9280:
8504:
7019:
Zafar Khan, a son of Rajput convert to Islam was appointed as governor of Gujarat in 1391AD.
5923:"Census of India, 1931, Vol. XV North-West Frontier Province Part I- Report Part II- Tables"
3851:
was inhabited. Some Khatris clans are known to have settled there during Aurangzeb's reign.
3152:, also known as "Bohras" were traders and had the second largest Hindu population after the
12875:
12211:
10587:
9420:
Gaddi Land in Chamba: Its History, Art & Culture: New Light on the Early Wooden Temples
4331:
3521:
3506:
3438:
3054:
3042:
3017:(Prosopis cineraria) in one blow using a sword. During the pregnancy period of a female, a
835:
The last caste-based census was conducted by the British in 1931 which regarded Khatri and
657:
6174:
Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XV Part B, Sialkot District (Statistical Tables) - 1936
3839:. Gaddi is an amalgamation of various groups such as Khatris, Rajputs, Brahmins etc. Most
3758:
The Arora is a community that Levi describes as a sub-caste of Khatris. They originate in
3458:
who were trying to achieve social status commensurate with their improving economic status
2901:
In Punjab, they were moneylenders, shopkeepers and grain-dealers among other professions.
556:
words khatri and kshatriya, but refers to Khatris as a "trading caste" of the Sikh Gurus.
8:
12286:
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6890:
3659:
3569:
3443:
3388:
2827:
2649:
2618:
906:
533:
381:
355:
268:
script used by Khatri traders; the invention of the script is traditionally ascribed to
246:
7658:. Vol. 2 H–M. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. pp. 1722, 1728–1729.
4698:
The silk trade between Bengal and Gujarat was a domain of Khatri merchants, for example.
4204:
4166:
Muslim communities in Gujarat: preliminary studies their history and social organization
4100:
3307:
Varna. According to Yang, their position in the Varna system should be "just below" the
948:
Map depicting the most numerous community by district according to Census of India 1931.
825:
12825:
12481:
12281:
11481:
11350:
11269:
11209:
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The Global World of Indian Merchants, 1750–1947: Traders of Sind from Bukhara to Panama
8857:
7651:
7063:
6047:
5025:
4512:
4299:
4128:
3666:, referring to the Khatris and Aroras says "The term is typically used dismissively by
3647:
3486:, agriculture and service are traditional occupations of the Khatris in Rajasthan. The
3117:
3030:
3014:
2962:
2861:
2811:
2799:
2748:
district that would later on join Maharaja Ranjit Singh's kingdom. In the Sikh Empire,
2745:
2671:
2604:, when their mass death during the emperor's Deccan Campaign caused him to order their
2364:
883:
844:
652:(Iran) in 1670, belonged to the Khatri caste of Punjab and north-west India. In Iran's
572:
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332:
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7880:"Ban the word 'refugee' in Haryana: Punjabis urge Manohar Lal Khattar | Gurgaon News"
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tribes mentioned by the Greeks in West Punjab are the Khatris of India. According to
528:
452:
118:
4252:
4132:
3806:" while the ones who continued with their merchant professions came to be known as "
3642:(pronounced as Pahpa) is a term used in a derogatory sense to denote Sikhs who left
436:
agree that the terms "khatri" and "kshatriya" are synonymous. The Sanskrit conjunct
12845:
12840:
12704:
12673:
12491:
12455:
12415:
11546:
11214:
11082:
10706:
10501:
10486:
10306:
10296:
10160:
10155:
10145:
9972:
9828:
9773:
9758:
9616:
9573:
9550:
7243:
7152:
7117:
7110:
Mandair, Arvind-Pal S.; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (16 December 2013).
4652:
4327:
4260:
4220:
4216:
4112:
3810:". The Amils then started to recruit members from the general Khatris and Lohanas.
3643:
3533:
3405:
3367:
3331:
3270:
3153:
3090:
3062:
2803:
2757:
2749:
2674:, in which the Khatris would weave only for the EIC until certain quotas were met.
2593:
2528:
2438:
2392:
2384:
2246:
2150:
2142:
2015:
1981:
1799:
1779:
733:
700:
504:
464:
401:
324:
316:
277:
261:
186:
108:
96:
38:
8735:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
8472:
Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age
4453:
Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates
3227:
699:, but possibly not so, the Bedi sub-caste of the Khatris derives its lineage from
12683:
12291:
12216:
12206:
12166:
12154:
11945:
11839:
11606:
11601:
11500:
11339:
11289:
11284:
11274:
11224:
10906:
10798:
10539:
10519:
10496:
10481:
10461:
10456:
10427:
10266:
10082:
9888:
9778:
9608:
9364:
9189:
8981:
8926:
Rural Nostalgias and Transnational Dreams: Identity and Modernity Among Jat Sikhs
8876:
8648:
8246:
Rural Nostalgias and Transnational Dreams: Identity and Modernity Among Jat Sikhs
8039:
8008:
7595:
7358:
7208:
7181:
6971:
6337:
6310:
6258:
Life and Work of Guru Arjan: History, Memory, and Biography in the Sikh Tradition
5727:
5457:
5427:
5095:
4847:
4738:
4711:
4611:
4580:
4349:
4184:
3932:
3860:
3655:
3514:
3392:
3169:
3165:
2954:
2910:
2737:
2686:
2682:
2659:
2505:
2489:
2474:
2458:
2427:
2262:
2254:
2174:
2170:
2070:
2011:
1989:
1945:
1917:
1885:
1869:
1841:
899:
868:
856:
852:
718:
661:
508:
142:
130:
126:
9339:
Hinglaj Devi: Identity, Change, and Solidification at a Hindu Temple in Pakistan
8708:
Hinglaj Devi: Identity, Change, and Solidification at a Hindu Temple in Pakistan
8596:
What's Happening to India?: Punjab, Ethnic Conflict, and the Test for Federalism
8435:
The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920
8324:
Kamala Elizabeth Nayar; Harold Coward (13 June 2012). Kelli I. Stajduhar (ed.).
8122:
The Limited Raj: Agrarian Relations in Colonial India, Saran District, 1793-1920
7709:
Sikh Women in England: Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices
4235:
Khatri: A predominantly merchant and trading community that originated from the
3180:
Anthropologist Karve, based on the post-Independence research of castes by a in
2965:
was the traditional occupation of the Khatri men since the seventeenth century.
12921:
12860:
12850:
12820:
12587:
12486:
12435:
12369:
12226:
12186:
12006:
11950:
11930:
11925:
11723:
11505:
11309:
11239:
11181:
11146:
10978:
10956:
10743:
10617:
10582:
10385:
10223:
10185:
10127:
10102:
10022:
9903:
9833:
9823:
9793:
9085:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799
8189:
Questioning the Secular State: The Worldwide Resurgence of Religion in Politics
7293:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799
5898:"Census of India, 1931, Vol. VIII-Part II Bombay Presidency Statistical Tables"
5296:
When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799
4953:
4740:
One Language, Two Scripts: The Hindi Movement in Nineteenth Century North India
4236:
4116:
3696:
3688:
3529:
3358:
3303:, were included in the list of "Bania" along with Agarwals and Rastogis of the
3296:
3189:
3161:
3010:
2958:
2914:
2850:
2807:
2714:
2360:
2308:
2270:
2182:
2162:
2146:
2001:
1949:
1845:
1763:
891:
887:
691:
580:
564:
429:
397:
336:
218:
122:
6145:. The Calcutta Central Press Co., Calcutta. 1883–1884. pp. vi (Table IX).
5050:
Remnants of the Sikh Empire: Historical Sikh Monuments in India & Pakistan
4504:
3628:
All the ten Sikh Gurus were from various Khatri clans. The early followers of
503:
with the Prakrit rule and Hindi usage. The same is also testified by scholars
12945:
12885:
12714:
12678:
12647:
12171:
11915:
11875:
11788:
11668:
11596:
11403:
11380:
11279:
11259:
11229:
11189:
11176:
11121:
11101:
10896:
10821:
10803:
10793:
10696:
10665:
10476:
10446:
10350:
10017:
9702:
9664:
8853:
4124:
3676:
3597:
3380:
3046:
3037:
2877:
2788:. He was responsible for expanding the frontier of Sikh Empire to beyond the
2698:
2589:
2509:
1973:
1744:
1670:
772:
631:
local women in Astrakhan and the children from these marriages were known as
304:
273:
202:
6867:
Eighteenth Century Gujarat: The Dynamics of Its Political Economy, 1750-1800
5331:
5248:. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. p. 189.
4919:
3400:
their large physical stature, the superior status accorded to them by other
428:", according to the Śabdasāgara Lexicon by Shyamasundara Dasa. According to
12855:
12780:
12755:
12724:
12577:
12546:
12531:
12425:
12384:
12196:
12109:
12011:
11996:
11940:
11905:
11758:
11642:
11541:
11531:
11204:
11199:
11096:
11013:
10911:
10861:
10826:
10721:
10650:
10562:
10544:
10375:
10218:
10092:
10057:
10037:
9939:
9659:
9540:
9493:
9489:
9488:
7953:
A Long Dream of Home: The persecution, exile and exodus of Kashmiri Pandits
7591:
7111:
7065:
The rise of Muslim power in Gujarat; a history of Gujarat from 1298 to 1442
4484:
3870:
3829:
3791:
3783:
3771:
3663:
3102:
3058:
2974:
2933:. The Khatris specialised in silk, while the Padmasalis in cotton weaving.
2796:. At the time of his death, the western boundary of the empire was Jamrud.
2729:
2625:
2577:
2023:
696:
665:
645:
641:
604:
515:
393:
8381:
Fighting Words: Religion, Violence, and the Interpretation of Sacred Texts
8037:
7560:
7121:
6973:
In Praise of Kings Rajputs, Sultans and Poets in Fifteenth-century Gujarat
5348:
Dr S. Srikanta Sastri, English Translation by S. Naganath (28 July 2021).
4578:
3105:
communities could read and write English and were educated beyond school.
847:(NWFP), which is now known as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The Khatris spoke
12900:
12765:
12642:
12582:
12264:
11991:
11900:
11880:
11763:
11708:
11683:
11591:
11586:
11566:
11418:
11370:
11324:
11319:
11264:
11244:
11091:
11066:
11018:
10951:
10783:
10726:
10612:
10529:
10286:
10246:
9838:
9674:
9588:
9583:
9545:
8159:
Veins of Devotion: Blood Donation and Religious Experience in North India
7793:
INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
7766:
INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
7736:
INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
6447:
Jahangir, Emperor of Hindustan; Hindustan), Jahangir (Emperor of (1999).
6285:
INDIA'S NEW CAPITALISTS: Caste, Business, and Industry in a Modern Nation
5652:. Horizon Books (A Division of Ignited Minds Edutech P Ltd). p. 18.
5321:
3716:
3617:
3601:
3585:
3525:
3493:
3353:
3265:
states that Khatri made different Varna claims at different times in the
3185:
3121:
3078:
3018:
2835:
2793:
2789:
2573:
2043:
1985:
1953:
840:
620:
576:
328:
312:
242:
198:
160:
8861:
8837:
6896:
Across the Green Sea: Histories from the Western Indian Ocean, 1440-1640
6807:
The Ottoman and Mughal Empires: Social History in the Early Modern World
6396:
Human Rights Among Indian Populations: Knowledge, Awareness and Practice
4849:
Emperor of the Five Rivers: The Life and Times of Maharajah Ranjit Singh
4805:"e-Book: English - General Hari Singh Nalwa by Autar Singh Sindhu; Pure"
2888:
929:
685:
1849 photograph of Bikram Singh Bedi, a direct descendant of Guru Nanak.
12795:
12770:
12745:
12709:
12561:
12374:
12246:
11673:
11581:
11576:
11334:
11249:
11126:
11116:
10886:
10739:
10716:
10655:
10572:
9863:
9740:
9593:
9565:
8092:
Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action
5759:
Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory
5258:
4420:
Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action
3814:
3720:
3629:
3609:
3593:
3565:
3429:
3292:
2846:
2753:
2564:
1965:
860:
300:
296:
269:
230:
8075:. University of California Press-Berkeley and Los Angeles. p. 97.
6105:
12916:
12890:
12760:
12241:
12081:
12056:
12051:
11809:
11423:
11314:
11161:
10627:
10193:
10112:
10032:
9768:
9634:
3836:
3736:
3613:
3471:
3319:
3274:
3094:
2982:
2922:
2645:
2601:
2031:
1865:
1716:
1694:
748:
624:
608:
448:
433:
12314:
6336:
Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (17 November 2016).
5351:
Indian Culture: A Compendium of Indian History, Culture and Heritage
4182:
695:, traditionally said to be the autobiography of the last Sikh Guru,
12870:
12835:
12800:
12719:
12622:
12526:
12516:
12191:
12159:
12134:
12129:
11819:
11627:
11294:
11194:
11171:
11156:
11131:
11051:
11046:
11038:
10901:
10876:
10607:
10466:
10345:
10213:
10203:
10072:
10062:
10052:
10007:
9952:
9898:
9843:
9783:
9679:
9501:
8327:
Religious Understandings of a Good Death in Hospice Palliative Care
8323:
7926:"Cradle of Castes in Kashmir (From Medieval Period to Present Day)"
6989:
6161:. Civil and Military Gazette Press, Lahore. 1893–1894. p. 295.
6088:
5988:
Punjab District Gazetteers: Attock District Part A. With Maps, 1907
5558:
to be made for regarding it as the work of one of his followers..."
3848:
3807:
3704:
3671:
3667:
3605:
3561:
3487:
3455:
3401:
3285:
3074:
3066:
2857:
2831:
2781:
2702:
2614:
2545:
2524:
1901:
1853:
1791:
1752:
1690:
864:
709:
460:
421:
281:
257:
238:
156:
100:
77:
12668:
10396:
7564:
Post-Disaster Reconstruction and Change: Communities' Perspectives
6095:. Civil and Military Gazette Press, Lahore. pp. x (table IX).
518:
and Louis Fenech, Khatri is a Punjabi form of the word Kshatriya.
12880:
12775:
12652:
12597:
12541:
12511:
12506:
12476:
12420:
12231:
12181:
12176:
12119:
12099:
12076:
12016:
11976:
11920:
11885:
11793:
11748:
11733:
11703:
11551:
11515:
11450:
11136:
11106:
11023:
11008:
10998:
10937:
10871:
10841:
10767:
10735:
10669:
10567:
10436:
10314:
10198:
10042:
9987:
9947:
9818:
9694:
9644:
9598:
9509:
8666:
classified amongst vaishyas. Nor are they part of the Kshatriyas.
7068:. Internet Archive. New York, Asia Pub. House. pp. 137–138.
6993:
5377:"Early Sanskritization Origins and Development of the Kuru State"
3700:
3692:
3581:
3479:
3447:
3409:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3312:
3304:
3278:
3193:
3149:
3082:
3070:
2942:
2777:
2765:
2663:
2653:
2549:
2501:
2431:
2400:
2258:
2134:
2118:
2090:
1909:
1849:
1811:
1678:
879:
839:
as a different caste. During 1931, Khatris were prominent in the
797:
783:
760:
752:
729:
649:
633:
592:
441:
292:
194:
190:
81:
31:
7561:
Jennifer E. Duyne Barenstein; Esther Leemann (29 October 2012).
2631:
2544:
in Benaras. When the first caravan of Muslim weavers arrived in
740:ਖਤ੍ਰੀ ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਸੂਦ ਵੈਸ ਉਪਦੇਸੁ ਚਹੁ ਵਰਨਾ ਕਉ ਸਾਝਾ ॥ (SGGS, ang 747)
467:. Certain Sanskrit words have very close counterparts, such as:
245:. The Khatris claim they are warriors who took to trade. In the
12926:
12895:
12865:
12830:
12785:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12592:
12536:
12445:
12430:
12410:
12379:
12364:
12359:
12298:
12236:
12221:
12201:
12124:
12066:
12061:
11986:
11981:
11955:
11910:
11895:
11890:
11849:
11834:
11773:
11743:
11738:
11728:
11718:
11713:
11678:
11658:
11632:
11561:
11510:
11408:
11385:
11359:
11141:
11111:
11061:
11056:
11033:
11028:
10988:
10983:
10961:
10946:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10891:
10881:
10851:
10846:
10831:
10772:
10711:
10701:
10660:
10632:
10622:
10602:
10597:
10557:
10552:
10534:
10380:
10365:
10360:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10256:
10241:
10233:
10165:
10150:
10122:
10097:
10087:
10077:
10047:
10027:
10012:
10002:
9997:
9982:
9977:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9921:
9913:
9853:
9848:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9763:
9748:
9730:
9712:
9669:
9654:
9649:
9639:
9535:
9517:
9447:
8502:
6092:
Gazetteers of Dera Ghazi Khan District: Revised Edition 1893-97
4773:"The culture and politics of Persian in pre-colonial Hindustan"
4244:
3844:
3840:
3799:
3795:
3787:
3759:
3732:
3728:
3592:
symbols such as snakes and trees used to be common among them.
3573:
3318:
While some historians agree with the claim of Khatris to be of
3181:
3086:
2998:
2978:
2950:
2869:
2865:
2853:
in his campaign for Sikh self-government in the Punjab plains.
2823:
2819:
2785:
2773:
2769:
2485:
2446:
2408:
2376:
2344:
2336:
2290:
2282:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2194:
2154:
2106:
2019:
1941:
1925:
1905:
1877:
1837:
1803:
1795:
1783:
1767:
1740:
922:
910:
875:
848:
829:
801:
756:
653:
628:
612:
348:
340:
265:
253:
226:
170:
134:
104:
92:
7529:
6943:
Gujarat: The Long Fifteenth Century and the Making of a Region
6129:. Calcutta, Superintendent of Government Printing. p. 32.
5991:. Lahore, Civil and Military Gazetteers Press. pp. 96–97.
5326:. New Delhi: M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 9–11.
4902:
Where are you from?: Middle-class migrants in the modern world
2842:. He was arrested after the Siege of Multan and put to death.
548:", meaning "a caste of Hindu weavers", derives from Sanskrit "
12790:
12750:
12699:
12612:
12607:
12551:
12521:
12501:
12496:
12450:
12440:
12303:
12274:
12114:
12104:
12026:
12021:
12001:
11960:
11935:
11829:
11778:
11753:
11698:
11688:
11637:
11571:
11556:
11413:
11304:
11254:
11234:
11219:
11166:
11151:
11071:
11003:
10993:
10973:
10731:
10673:
10577:
10370:
10355:
10340:
10335:
10319:
10251:
10175:
10170:
10137:
10132:
10117:
10067:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9858:
9753:
9725:
9555:
9527:
9497:
8068:
5837:"Census of India, 1931, Vol. IV Baluchistan Parts I & II"
4828:
Singh, Gulcharan (October 1976), "General Hari Singh Nalwa",
4777:
Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia
4240:
3832:
3826:
3803:
3763:
3651:
3639:
3589:
3577:
3557:
3497:
3483:
3433:
3416:
3363:
3308:
3300:
3113:
2986:
2946:
2929:
were the leading "Hindu weaving castes" who owned 43% of the
2761:
2493:
2481:
2380:
2368:
2316:
2304:
2294:
2274:
2214:
2110:
2074:
2054:
2039:
2035:
1829:
1807:
1748:
1705:
1674:
937:
933:
836:
714:
491:
is also seen, in the context of Hindi. Hence the change from
417:
374:
320:
308:
307:
was a Bhalla Khatri. The fourth through tenth gurus were all
234:
222:
178:
174:
152:
114:
9282:
The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland
8986:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 67–72, 149–150.
7387:
Social History of an Indian Caste: The Kayasths of Hyderabad
6339:
The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland
5459:
The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550-1900
5429:
The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and Its Trade, 1550–1900
4189:. Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune.
3124:. Many moved to the city for better economic opportunities.
12740:
12617:
12405:
11870:
11783:
11693:
11663:
11536:
10968:
10762:
10677:
10471:
10291:
10208:
9992:
9893:
9788:
9578:
4609:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4528:
4088:. Vol. 16. the University of Michigan. pp. 56–58.
3934:
The Indian Diaspora in Central Asia and its Trade 1550-1900
3767:
3536:
publication that gave a Brahminic opinion of this attempt:
3502:
2994:
2990:
2930:
2667:
2027:
1881:
1833:
1689:
Historically, Khatris were divided into various hierarchal
704:
670:
456:
138:
6122:
3907:
Dīwānā, Mohana Siṅgha Ubarāi; Uberoi, Mohan Singh (1971).
3770:
and the community comprises both Hindus and Sikhs. As per
2732:'s army was composed of majorly Jats followed by Khatris.
12400:
12092:
8950:
Hertel, Bradley R.; Humes, Cynthia Ann (1 January 1993).
6022:
Census of India, 1931. Vol. XVII: Punjab. Part II: Tables
5530:
The Muslim Empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals
4904:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 222.
3633:
2921:
who would serve as Prime Minister of the State twice. In
2419:
1993:
9208:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
8681:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
8650:
Social Change and Development in Medieval Indian History
8620:
Pechilis, Karen; Singh, Pashaura; Raj, Selva J. (2013).
8297:
Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin (21 September 2010).
7414:
The Last Nizam: The Life and Times of Mir Osman Ali Khan
6423:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
5622:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
5008:
Hari Singh Nalwa, "Champion of the Khalsaji" (1791-1837)
4525:
3817:
who all recruit the Saraswat Brahmins as their priests.
3739:
trooper riding out of the royal camp armed with a sword
8273:
The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations
7554:
6450:
The Jahangirnama: Memoirs of Jahangir, Emperor of India
5649:
THEORY OF INDIAN DIASPORA: DYNAMICS OF GLOBAL MIGRATION
4034:. Vol. 4. Oxford University. Press. p. 3285.
3913:. Sadasiva Prakashan; selling agents, Bharat Prakashan.
3715:
Khatris are mentioned in a popular Punjabi literature "
3065:
respectively. They have also co-founded companies like
2540:
According to scholars, the Khatri Hindus dominated the
8506:
Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab
8006:
5784:"Blame caste for Pakistan's violent streak, not faith"
4876:
Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab
4541:
Dowry Murder: The Imperial Origins of a Cultural Crime
3959:"Blame caste for Pakistan's violent streak, not faith"
3743:— Waris Shah (Translated by Charles Frederick Usborne)
2740:, an independent 18th century Sikh sovereign state in
828:
visited India during the 1600s where he commented "At
400:
have won India's highest wartime gallantry award, the
9393:
Tribal Melodies of Himachal Pradesh: Gaddi folk music
9194:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 149–150.
8038:
K. S. Singh; Anthropological Survey of India (1998).
7530:
Edward A. Alpers; Chhaya Goswami (12 February 2019).
7441:
Traditional Industry in the Economy of Colonial India
6649:
6555:
6071:
6035:
5347:
4579:
K. S. Singh; Anthropological Survey of India (1998).
3462:
3230:. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are
2681:(1407–1523) was a medieval Muslim dynasty founded by
8761:
8539:
Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal
8031:
7950:
Gigoo, Siddhartha; Sharma, Varad (18 October 2016).
6718:
Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal
6685:
Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal
6543:
Land and Local Kingship in Eighteenth-Century Bengal
6171:
5984:
5245:
A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages
4958:
Removing Peoples: Forced Removal in the Modern World
3766:
region. The name is derived from their native place
3710:
3269:
before Independence. In 1911, they did not make any
12909:
8704:
8569:
Introducing World Religions: A Christian Engagement
8498:
8496:
7850:
At Home with Democracy: A Theory of Indian Politics
7523:
7109:
6503:
6453:. Freer Gallery of Art, Arthur M. Sackler Gallery.
5684:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 19–20.
5265:. State University of New York Press. p. 179.
4351:
Caravans: Punjabi Khatri Merchants on the Silk Road
3528:, Brahmins showed resentment in the attempt by the
744:
Khatri brahman sud vais updesu cahu varna ku sanjha
315:, many Khatris formed the military vanguard of the
284:took readily to learning Persian from the times of
9258:. Translated by Usborne, Charles Frederick. Rupa.
8953:Living Banaras: Hindu Religion in Cultural Context
8085:
6446:
6372:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 84, 266.
6335:
5483:Datar, Dr. Kiran (April 1986). Ganda Singh (ed.).
5259:John Stratton Hawley; Gurinder Singh Mann (1993).
5201:Dalit Chintan ka Vikas Abhishapt Chintan se Itihas
4603:
4413:
4054:
264:language deriving from a standardised form of the
9088:. Oxford University Press. pp. 42, 47, 184.
8874:
8757:
8755:
8698:
8532:
8530:
8354:Religion and Identity in the South Asian Diaspora
8249:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 152–153.
7437:
7336:. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. pp. 122–123.
6369:Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set
6312:Dictionary of American Family Names: 3-Volume Set
6036:Census of India, 1931, Gul Muhammad Khan (1934).
5729:Guardians of the North-West Frontier: The Pathans
5100:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors. pp. 7–8.
4409:
4407:
3777:
3156:. Many of these Khatris had to face the brunt of
2949:weavers purchased imported yarn in the 1840s. In
2826:, after helping conquer the region while his son
598:
256:and traders during the medieval period, with the
12943:
9050:
8619:
8509:. University of California Press. pp. 4–5.
8493:
8475:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 328–329.
8151:
8149:
6779:. Cambridge University Press. 2012. p. 31.
6721:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 132–133.
6018:
5533:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 190–191.
5114:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (11 June 2014).
4766:
4764:
4178:
4176:
4001:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (11 June 2014).
3987:The Siraiki Language: Its Growth and Development
3847:was deserted (possibly by the Muslim invasion),
3835:that resides in the mountainous terrains of the
3654:caste. Bhapa translates to elder brother in the
713:). Similarly, according to the same legend, the
644:states that most of the 10,000 (as estimated by
627:". According to Kiran Datar, they often married
615:during the late 17th century and, in the 1830s,
7847:D.L. Sheth (2018). Peter Ronald deSouza (ed.).
7685:. University of California Press. p. 136.
7357:Patel, Alka; Leonard, Karen (7 December 2011).
7024:
6643:
5592:Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (22 February 2011).
5526:
5215:Dogra, R. C.; Mansukhani, Gobind Singh (1995).
5214:
4879:. University of California Press. p. 176.
4779:. University of California Press. p. 163.
4572:
4183:Irawati Karve; Vishnu Mahadeo Dandekar (1951).
3446:, was responsible for the aspirations of these
3143:
8752:
8646:
8527:
8384:. University of California Press. p. 18.
8192:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 261.
7816:
7623:
7296:. Oxford University Press. pp. 3, 30–31.
6803:
6654:. In Milad Milani; Vassilios Adrahtas (eds.).
6619:
6562:Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora
6540:
6522:
6342:. Oxford University Press. pp. 111, 501.
6126:Imperial Gazetteer of India: Kashmir and Jammu
5884:"Census of India, Part 2, Volume XVII, Punjab"
5762:. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 43–45.
5503:Indian Merchants and Eurasian Trade, 1600-1750
5486:The Punjab Past and Present - Volume 20 Part 1
4952:
4679:
4404:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4152:. Haryana Gazetteers Organization. p. 42.
3782:According to Claude Markovits, castes such as
3432:in the late 19th century Punjab came from the
3387:were leaning towards accepting this claim but
567:mentions that the modern descendants of these
12330:
11466:
10412:
9474:
8899:The Sikh Next Door: An Identity in Transition
8640:
8431:
8351:Rai, Rajesh; Sankaran, Chitra (5 July 2017).
8296:
8270:Clarke, Peter B.; Beyer, Peter (7 May 2009).
8155:
8146:
8118:
7498:
7471:The Structure of Indian Society: Then and Now
7242:, Oxford University Press, pp. 216–234,
6613:
6560:. In Joya Chatterji; David Washbrook (eds.).
6549:
6508:. Gandhian Institute of Studies. p. 18.
6229:
6158:Gazetteers of the Rawalpindi District 1893-94
4873:Jones, Kenneth W.; Jones, Kenneth W. (1976).
4770:
4761:
4673:
4250:
4173:
3977:
796:I am the son of a Chhatri (Khatri), not of a
540:", meaning "warrior", derives from Sanskrit "
9335:
8868:
8000:
7877:
7590:
7444:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 93–.
7431:
7356:
6889:
6588:
6106:Government of North-West Frontier Province.
6089:Diack, A H (Punjab Government) (1893–1897).
5697:
5262:Studying the Sikhs: Issues for North America
5113:
4543:. Oxford University Press. pp. 41, 154.
4085:The India Magazine of Her People and Culture
4081:
4000:
3906:
2845:Purnima Dhawan described that together with
863:. In NWFP, the Khatris were found mainly in
732:, Khatri is mentioned as one among the four
9342:. Oxford University Press. pp. 73–74.
8949:
8929:. University of Toronto Press. p. 12.
8738:. Cambridge University Press. p. 385.
8711:. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–60.
8541:. Cambridge University Press. p. 131.
8468:
8350:
8269:
7949:
7584:
7492:
7316:
7034:Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries
6946:. Cambridge University Press. p. 120.
6920:Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries
6687:. Cambridge University Press. p. 131.
6626:. Cambridge University Press. p. 200.
6582:
6506:Banaras Brocades: Structure and Functioning
6473:
6052:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
5299:. Oxford University Press. pp. 36–37.
4639:
4368:
3273:claim, while in 1921 they made a claimed a
2925:, around the mid-20th century, Khatris and
12337:
12323:
11473:
11459:
10419:
10405:
9481:
9467:
9312:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47.
8996:
8623:South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today
8503:Kenneth W. Jones; Kenneth W.Jones (1976).
8216:Religious Movements in South Asia 600-1800
8185:
7846:
7461:
6828:
6742:
6740:
6738:
6558:"Scribal migrations in early modern India"
6545:. Cambridge University Press. p. 132.
5405:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 43.
5288:
5286:
5218:Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture
5171:
5030:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4872:
4517:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4186:Anthropometric Measurements of Mahārāṣhṭra
4145:
4027:
2697:According to historians Roger Ballard and
2597:possibly even before the Mughals arrived.
380:Khatris have played an active role in the
9305:
8975:
8973:
8565:
8162:. Rutgers University Press. p. 203.
8044:. Oxford University Press. p. 1728.
7975:
7973:
7789:
7762:
7732:
7467:
7248:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195673098.003.0014
7183:The Campaigns of General Hari Singh Nalwa
7157:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199756551.001.0001
7055:
6976:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8.
6899:. University of Texas Press. p. 60.
6834:
6652:"The limits of Islamic civility in India"
6497:
6281:
6239:
6025:. Government of Punjab. pp. 283–292.
5967:
5815:. Stanford University Press. p. 48.
5561:
5500:Dale, Stephen Frederic (15 August 2002).
5062:
4937:. India: M.N Publishers and Distributors.
4585:. Oxford University Press. p. 1730.
4538:
4449:
4445:
4443:
4390:. Scarecrow Press. pp. 21, 86, 115.
3632:were Khatris but later a large number of
3250:Learn how and when to remove this message
9331:
9329:
9164:Sikhs in the Deccan and North-East India
8219:. Oxford University Press. p. 321.
8212:
7903:
7627:The Economic History of India, 1857–2010
7089:. SAGE Publications India. p. 199.
7071:glorify royalty, it is obviously a fake.
6710:
6708:
6142:Gazetteer of the Jhelam District 1883-84
5751:
5749:
5702:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 67.
5204:(in Hindi). Vani Prakashan. p. 243.
5172:Hardy; Hardy, Thomas (7 December 1972).
5109:
5107:
5089:
5087:
5085:
4960:. Oxford University Press. p. 324.
4948:
4946:
4944:
3277:status but later in 1931 they claimed a
3226:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3004:
2973:In the early 19th century, the Khatris,
2887:
2880:, but independent from the Mughal rule.
2713:
2630:
2563:
943:
928:
916:
766:
680:
648:) Indian merchants and money-lenders in
384:since 1947, with many heading it as the
9285:. Oxford University Press. p. 78.
9161:Singh, Birinder Pal (12 January 2018).
8592:
8464:
8462:
8088:"The social significance of Radhasoami"
7758:
7756:
7630:. Oxford University Press. p. 44.
7438:Tirthankar Roy; Roy (4 November 1999).
7383:
7000:
6969:
6939:
6735:
6534:
6467:
6185:
6183:
5721:
5719:
5693:
5691:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5451:
5449:
5283:
5221:. Vikas Publishing House. p. 264.
5147:. Popular Prakashan. pp. 539–540.
4743:. Oxford University Press. p. 10.
4416:"The social significance of Radhasoami"
4209:The Last Great Plague of Colonial India
2883:
2756:, became the Commander-in-chief of the
14:
12944:
9389:
9362:
9081:
9054:India in the Persianate Age: 1000-1765
9023:
8970:
8922:
8792:
8765:Religion, Caste, and Politics in India
8653:. Har-Anand Publications. p. 43.
8536:
8425:
8377:
8242:
8238:
8236:
8069:Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas (1967).
7979:
7970:
7923:
7790:Damodaran, Harish (25 November 2018).
7763:Damodaran, Harish (25 November 2018).
7733:Damodaran, Harish (25 November 2018).
7678:
7505:. Academic Foundation. pp. 176–.
7289:
7236:"Constitutional Reforms and the Sikhs"
7206:
7179:
7144:
7062:Misra, S. C. (Satish Chandra) (1963).
6810:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 254.
6714:
6682:
6399:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 121.
6361:
6359:
6282:Damodaran, Harish (25 November 2018).
6067:
6065:
6063:
6014:
6012:
6010:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5963:
5808:
5725:
5698:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W.H (2014).
5374:
5292:
5241:
5047:
5043:
5041:
4845:
4709:
4610:John Gillow; Nicholas Barnard (2008).
4553:
4486:India in the Persianate age, 1000-1765
4440:
4383:
4270:
4202:
3990:. Dderawar Publications. pp. 6–7.
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3902:
3900:
3748:
2856:In the 1830s, Khatris were working as
1770:) is also added which forms this unit
252:Khatris of Punjab, specifically, were
12344:
12318:
11454:
10400:
9462:
9416:
9326:
9204:
9160:
9134:
9108:
8896:Singh, Manpreet J. (31 August 2020).
8895:
8835:
8810:
8731:
8677:
8566:Farhadian, Charles E. (9 June 2015).
8404:
8086:Mark Juergensmayer (1 January 1995).
7650:
7234:Singh, Khushwant (18 November 2004),
7233:
7082:
7061:
6864:
6705:
6656:Islam, Civility and Political Culture
6516:
6419:
6392:
6365:
6308:
6254:
5961:
5959:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5746:
5645:
5618:
5591:
5482:
5140:
5104:
5082:
5005:
4980:
4941:
4482:
4478:
4476:
4414:Mark Juergensmayer (1 January 1995).
4317:
4162:
4098:
3983:
3450:castes from Punjab to higher status:
351:after wrestling it from the Afghans.
303:was a Trehan Khatri. The third guru,
9278:
9248:
9231:
9187:
9181:
9135:Kumar, Dharminder (3 January 2016).
8979:
8842:India International Centre Quarterly
8459:
8243:Mooney, Nicola (17 September 2011).
7753:
7705:
7624:Tirthankar Roy (10 September 2020).
7600:. British Museum Press. p. 11.
7410:
7331:
7325:
7145:Dhavan, Purnima (22 November 2011).
7113:Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity
7030:
6916:
6746:
6527:. M.N. Publishers and Distributors.
6208:
6180:
5881:
5862:"Report, Part 1 Volume XVII, Punjab"
5802:
5755:
5716:
5688:
5677:
5666:
5499:
5455:
5446:
5425:
5400:
5319:
5093:
4932:
4736:
4628:KHATRI A caste of professional dyers
4616:. Thames & Hudson. p. 222.
4347:
4332:10.1093/acref/9780191831874.001.0001
3930:
3428:Majority of the male members of the
3203:
3024:
2552:from them, soon came to be known as
1684:
921:Photograph of a Hindu Khatri man of
771:Photograph of a Hindu Khatri man of
569:Kathaiois, Khathrois & Khatriaoi
335:commanded the Sikh Army against the
276:literate elite such as the Khatris,
10426:
9191:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
9003:. Cosmo Publications. p. 124.
8997:Nayar, V. G.; Nayar, M. G. (2001).
8983:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
8881:. Popular Book Depot. p. 191.
8800:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 279.
8411:. Infobase Publishing. p. 22.
8405:Singh, Nikky-Guninder Kaur (2004).
8233:
7904:Lawrence, Sir Walter Roper (1895).
6658:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 121.
6525:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
6356:
6123:Walter Lawrence, J.L. Kaye (1909).
6060:
5995:
5681:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
5625:. Manohar, New Delhi. p. 329.
5520:
5419:
5381:Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies
5323:The Khatris, a socio-cultural study
5097:The Khatris, a Socio-cultural Study
5038:
4935:The Khatris, a socio cultural study
4926:
4899:
4556:Oxford Handbook of the Mughal World
4149:Haryana District Gazetteers: Ambala
3917:
3897:
3545:
3412:, to accept cooked food from them.
2568:Mehtab Chand of Burdwan, c. 1860-65
2518:
819:
24:
11480:
11440:Genetic studies on Gujarati people
9306:Markovits, Claude (22 June 2000).
9235:The Adventures of Hir & Ranjha
9211:. Manohar, New Delhi. p. 98.
8684:. Manohar, New Delhi. p. 97.
8438:. University of California Press.
8125:. University of California Press.
7878:Manvir Saini (25 September 2018).
7597:Embroidery from India and Pakistan
7360:Indo-Muslim Cultures in Transition
7207:Kapūra, Prithīpāla Siṅgha (1993).
7180:Naīara, Gurabacana Siṅgha (1995).
6992:in northwestern India (modern-day
6426:. Manohar, New Delhi. p. 21.
5940:
5646:Tyagi, Dr Madhu (1 January 2017).
4737:King, Christopher Rolland (1999).
4473:
3520:Historian Vijaya Gupchup from the
3509:in India began to call themselves
3463:Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra
3404:as well as the willingness of the
1664:
585:Sanskritization of the Kuru State"
552:", meaning "carver, distributor".
299:, a Bedi Khatri. The second guru,
25:
12998:
12977:Social groups of Punjab, Pakistan
9440:
8923:Mooney, Nicola (1 January 2011).
8732:Bayly, Susan (22 February 2001).
8378:Renard, John (31 December 2012).
6753:. I. B. Tauris. pp. 35, 39.
6214:
5809:Hanifi, Shah (11 February 2011).
4985:. India: Readomania. p. 24.
4846:Sheikh, Mohamed (17 March 2017).
4657:10.1163/ej.9789004176539.i-490.71
4265:10.1163/2589-2118_beso_com_031682
4203:Sarkar, Natasha (19 April 2024),
4105:Contributions to Indian Sociology
3711:Literature and in popular culture
3682:
2752:(1791–1837) an Uppal Khatri from
9446:
9423:. Indus Publishing. p. 29.
9410:
9383:
9356:
9299:
9272:
9242:
9225:
9205:Nalwa, Vanit (13 January 2009).
9198:
9154:
9128:
9102:
9075:
9044:
9017:
8990:
8943:
8916:
8889:
8878:Bombay: Social Change, 1813-1857
8829:
8804:
8786:
8725:
8678:Nalwa, Vanit (13 January 2009).
8671:
8613:
8586:
8559:
8398:
8371:
8344:
8317:
8290:
8263:
8206:
8179:
8112:
8079:
8062:
7986:. Indus Publishing. p. 64.
7943:
7917:
7897:
7871:
7840:
7810:
7783:
7726:
7699:
7672:
7644:
7617:
7404:
7377:
7350:
7310:
7283:
7270:
7227:
7210:Perspectives on Hari Singh Nalwa
7200:
7173:
7138:
7103:
7076:
6963:
6883:
6858:
6797:
6767:
6676:
6420:Nalwa, Vanit (13 January 2009).
6255:Singh, Pashaura (10 July 2006).
5700:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
5619:Nalwa, Vanit (13 January 2009).
5117:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
5063:Dasa, Syamasundara (1965–1975).
4539:Oldenburg, Veena Talwar (2002).
4354:. Portfolio Penguin. p. 4.
4004:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
3883:
3550:
3490:is appreciably high among them.
3208:
2981:were the main trading castes in
2892:Maharaja Kishen Pershad, c. 1915
800:and I will live according to my
676:
559:
373:are predominantly of Khatri and
319:and its administrative class as
54:
9252:The Adventure of Hir and Ranjha
8593:Jeffrey, Robin (27 July 2016).
8007:Gordon Townsend Bowles (1977).
7474:. Routledge. pp. 126–127.
7384:Leonard, Karen Isaksen (1994).
6940:Kapadia, Aparna (16 May 2018).
6841:. Notion Press. pp. 147–.
6440:
6413:
6386:
6329:
6302:
6275:
6248:
6223:
6165:
6149:
6133:
6116:
6109:Hazara District Gazetteers 1907
6099:
6082:
6029:
5978:
5915:
5890:
5875:
5854:
5829:
5776:
5639:
5612:
5585:
5551:
5493:
5476:
5394:
5368:
5341:
5313:
5252:
5235:
5208:
5192:
5165:
5134:
5056:
4999:
4974:
4893:
4866:
4839:
4822:
4797:
4730:
4716:. Scarecrow Press. p. 82.
4703:
4633:
4547:
4483:Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2019).
4196:
4156:
4139:
3623:
3311:varnas. Jacob Copeman writes "
3199:
2760:. He led the Sikh conquests of
2617:followers of the rebel leader,
874:Arora-Khatris were centered in
845:North-Western Frontier Province
814:
233:that is predominantly found in
12972:Social groups of Punjab, India
9369:. Sindhi Academy. p. 61.
9109:Singh, Pukhraj (31 May 2014).
9030:. Hemkunt Press. p. 125.
9000:Sociology of Religion in India
8768:. Primus Books. pp. 98–.
8090:. In David N. Lorenzen (ed.).
7924:Sheikh, Tariq (January 2019).
7712:. Trentham Books. p. 71.
7083:Singh, Rishi (23 April 2015).
6650:Prashant Keshavmurthy (2020).
6078:. pp. Part 2: Table XIII.
6072:Lehna Singh, R B Bhai (1922).
5506:. Cambridge University Press.
4900:Raj, Dhooleka Sarhadi (2003).
4710:McLeod, W. H. (24 July 2009).
4686:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 164–.
4489:. UK. pp. 349, 347, 381.
4418:. In David N. Lorenzen (ed.).
4384:McLeod, W. H. (24 July 2009).
4257:Encyclopedia of Sikhism Online
4221:10.1093/9780191986406.003.0012
4169:. Asia Pub. House. p. 97.
4163:Misra, Satish Chandra (1964).
4092:
4075:
4048:
4021:
3994:
3951:
3778:Lohana, Bhatia, and Bhanushali
3695:Khatris are commonly known as
3646:of modern-day Pakistan during
3596:upon the flame while reciting
3175:
2723:
2692:
717:sub-caste claims descent from
599:Trans-regional trading history
544:", whereas the Gujarati word "
358:after being raised as Sikhs.
13:
1:
11496:Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu
9396:. APH Publishing. p. 9.
9336:Schaflechner, Jürgen (2018).
9238:. Lion Art Press. p. 41.
9057:. Penguin. pp. 168–169.
8762:Christophe Jaffrelot (2010).
8072:Social Change in Modern India
7823:. Penguin Books. p. 28.
7820:The Great Indian Middle class
7468:A.M. Shah (6 December 2012).
7321:. Sujata Sarkar. p. 210.
6869:. Brill. pp. 26–28, 31.
6564:. Routledge. pp. 97–98.
6366:Hanks, Patrick (8 May 2003).
6309:Hanks, Patrick (8 May 2003).
6172:Government of Punjab (1936).
5985:Government of Punjab (1909).
5242:Turner, Ralph Lilley (1985).
4640:Subramaniam, Lakshmi (2009).
3876:
3650:, specifically of Khatri and
3560:were common in the cities of
3134:Maharishi Dayanand University
483:(ikha). The substituition of
8705:Jürgen Schaflechner (2018).
7567:. CRC Press. pp. 286–.
7536:. OUP India. pp. 176–.
7317:Nirad Baran, Sarkar (1999).
6504:Badri Prasad Pandey (1981).
5456:Levi, Scott Cameron (2002).
5426:Levi, Scott Cameron (2002).
5178:. CUP Archive. p. 279.
5175:The Muslims of British India
5120:. Rowman & Littlefield.
5048:Bansal, Bobby Singh (2015).
4956:; B. Haake, Claudia (2009).
4775:. In Sheldon Pollock (ed.).
4348:Levi, Scott Cameron (2016).
4324:A Dictionary of Sikh Studies
4007:. Rowman & Littlefield.
3931:Levi, Scott Cameron (2002).
3144:Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh
3108:
2968:
2936:
2909:A Peshkari Khatri family in
2904:
1719:which had split up from the
407:
7:
9137:"The Sardar Joke Is On You"
9027:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism
8815:. OUP India. p. 1728.
8330:. SUNY Press. p. 214.
8213:Lorenzen, David N. (2005).
7151:. Oxford University Press.
6838:Woven Wonders of the Deccan
6747:Syan, Hardip Singh (2013).
6261:. Oxford University Press.
5882:Khan, Ahmad Hassan (1933).
4649:How India Clothed the World
4326:. Oxford University Press.
4055:Christine Everaert (1996).
3854:
3373:
2896:
2301:Others (including Sareens)
728:, the primary scripture of
447:(ख), as per the grammarian
260:script used in writing the
10:
13003:
12982:Social groups of Rajasthan
12353:Hindu and Jain communities
12093:Immigrant Jain communities
8875:Vijaya V. Gupchup (1993).
8626:. Routledge. p. 239.
8357:. Routledge. p. 104.
8303:. ABC-CLIO. p. 2013.
8186:Westerlund, David (1996).
8094:. SUNY Press. p. 86.
7682:Punjabi Century, 1857-1947
7148:When Sparrows Became Hawks
6595:. Routledge. p. 142.
6556:Rosalind O'Hanlon (2014).
5144:State and Society in India
4422:. SUNY Press. p. 86.
4117:10.1177/006996679603000105
3507:Other Backward Class (OBC)
3158:1990 Kashmiri Hindu Exodus
3127:
2639:
2535:
782:, said the following in a
363:Partition of British India
36:
29:
12813:
12733:
12692:
12661:
12570:
12469:
12393:
12352:
12257:
12147:
12039:
11969:
11863:
11802:
11651:
11615:
11524:
11488:
11432:
11394:
11368:
11348:
11080:
10935:
10812:
10781:
10753:
10687:
10641:
10510:
10434:
10328:
10305:
10232:
10184:
9930:
9912:
9739:
9711:
9693:
9625:
9607:
9564:
9526:
9508:
9051:Richard M. Eaton (2019).
8902:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
8013:. Scribner. p. 173.
7956:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
7007:. S. Chand. p. 245.
7004:History of Medieval India
6865:Nadri, Ghulam A. (2009).
6483:Journal of Indian Studies
6474:Parvez Alam (July 2017).
6019:Khan Ahmad Hasan (1931).
5598:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4981:Singh, Inderjeet (2019).
4852:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
4456:. Routledge. p. 96.
4099:Hesse, Klaus (May 1996).
3866:Roman Catholic Kshatriyas
3727:Heer's beauty slays rich
2792:, up to the mouth of the
2734:Sardar Gulab Singh Khatri
2583:
2559:
2556:or 'fine cloth weavers'.
1712:bunjayee or bavanjah ghar
1226:Punjab (East & West)
809:Translated by Vanit Nalwa
763:all have the same mandate
721:, the other son of Rama.
707:(according to Hindu epic
291:In the 15th century, the
166:
148:
87:
73:
53:
48:
12394:Agricultural communities
11525:Agricultural communities
10689:Agricultural communities
9417:Hāṇḍā, Omacanda (2005).
9390:Sharma, Manorma (1998).
9363:Thakur, Upendra (1997).
9188:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
9167:. Taylor & Francis.
9082:Dhavan, Purnima (2011).
8980:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
8599:. Springer. p. 52.
8537:McLane, John R. (2002).
7679:Tandon, Prakash (1968).
7411:Bawa, Basant K. (1992).
7290:Dhavan, Purnima (2011).
7278:Britain's Forgotten Wars
6970:Kapadia, Aparna (2018).
6715:McLane, John R. (2002).
6683:McLane, John R. (2002).
6217:"A tale of three cities"
5678:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
5595:Sikhism: An Introduction
5527:Stephen F. Dale (2009).
5375:Witzel, Michael (1995).
5320:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
5293:Dhavan, Purnima (2011).
5094:Puri, Baij Nath (1988).
4933:Puri, Baij Nath (1998).
4558:. Oxford Library Press.
4554:Dhawan, Purnima (2020).
4318:Singh, Pashaura (2019).
3820:
3753:
2635:A Gujarati Khatri weaver
1693:sections. This includes
1135:Dir, Chitral & Swat
673:and India at that time.
583:, writing in his paper "
30:Not to be confused with
12662:Genealogist communities
9111:"Bluestar Baby Boomers"
8813:India's Communities A-G
8647:Satish Chandra (2008).
7980:Minhas, Poonam (1998).
7817:Pavan K. Varma (2007).
6804:Suraiya Faroqh (2019).
6620:Hendrik Spruyt (2020).
6541:John R. McLane (1993).
6523:Baij Nath Puri (1988).
5756:Oonk, Gijsbert (2007).
5403:Global Indian diasporas
5401:Oonk, Gijsbert (2007).
4983:Afghan Hindus and Sikhs
4683:Arabian Seas, 1700-1763
4680:R. J. Barendse (2009).
4213:Oxford University Press
3687:According to Historian
3608:respectively. Sects of
2830:, (1814-1851) the last
2818:served as governors of
1778:Including the above 4,
1762:Including the above 3,
62:Kitab-i Tasrih al-Aqvam
12470:Mercantile communities
11825:Gomantak Maratha Samaj
11616:Mercantile communities
10857:Kutch Gurjar Kshatriya
10837:Gurjar Kshatriya Kadia
10643:Mercantile communities
10492:Sidhra-Rudhra Brahmins
9279:Hans, Patrick (2016).
9024:Singha, H. S. (2000).
8432:Anand A. Yang (1989).
8156:Jacob Copeman (2009).
8119:Anand A. Yang (1989).
7853:. Palgrave Macmillan.
7499:Makrand Mehta (1991).
7334:The Coins of the Sikhs
7240:A History of the Sikhs
7186:. Punjabi University.
7037:. BRILL. p. 143.
6923:. BRILL. p. 143.
6393:Gupta, Shilpy (2009).
5726:Singer, André (1982).
5462:. Brill. p. 108.
4771:Muzzafar Alam (2003).
4251:H. Singh Syan (2017).
4211:(1 ed.), Oxford:
4061:. BRILL. p. 259.
3937:. Brill. p. 107.
3746:
3658:dialect spoken around
3543:
3460:
2963:"block printing cloth"
2915:Maharaja Kishen Prasad
2893:
2860:in the districts like
2816:Diwan Sawan Mal Chopra
2720:
2636:
2606:widows to be remarried
2569:
949:
941:
926:
882:regions of Punjab and
812:
776:
765:
686:
323:of all the provinces.
12167:Maharashtrian Muslims
11623:Gaud Saraswat Brahmin
9232:Shāh, Vāris̲ (1966).
8836:Malik, Ashok (2010).
7907:The Valley of Kashmir
7332:Hans, Herrli (2004).
7122:10.4324/9781315028583
6589:Burjor Avari (2013).
6234:. Sage. p. 312.
5141:Desai, A. R. (1975).
5006:Nalwa, Vanit (2009).
4713:The A to Z of Sikhism
4387:The A to Z of Sikhism
4271:Bowker, John (2003).
4082:A. H. Advani (1995).
3984:Wagha, Ahsan (1990).
3725:
3538:
3470:described Khatris of
3452:
3295:, the Khatris in the
3005:Culture and lifestyle
2891:
2810:Wazir Fateh Khan and
2730:Maharaja Ranjit Singh
2717:
2650:Panch Mahals District
2634:
2628:, they dominated it.
2567:
2527:in his autobiography
1673:, Khatris arrived in
947:
932:
920:
788:
770:
738:
684:
529:Dr. Dharamvir Bharati
440:(क्ष) turns into the
217:originating from the
12910:Musician communities
12876:Shaikhs of Rajasthan
10755:Pastoral communities
9455:at Wikimedia Commons
9249:Shah, Waris (2003).
8469:Susan Bayly (2001).
7706:Rait, S. K. (2005).
7390:. Orient BlackSwan.
7276:Hernon, Ian (2002).
7213:. ABS Publications.
7031:Wink, André (1990).
7001:Mahajan, VD (2007).
6917:Wink, André (2003).
6891:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay
4253:"Khatrīs and Aroṛās"
4215:, pp. 219–222,
4031:People of India: A–G
3522:University of Mumbai
3513:Malik calls this as
3439:Christophe Jaffrelot
3219:factual accuracy is
3055:Ballarpur Industries
2884:British Colonial Era
536:, the Punjabi word "
463:as well as Farsi or
343:while those such as
311:Khatris. During the
37:For other uses, see
12571:Artisan communities
12287:Bombay East Indians
11970:Nomadic communities
11652:Artisan communities
10814:Artisan communities
10512:Warrior communities
8811:Singh, K.S (1998).
8041:India's Communities
7913:. pp. 296–302.
7656:India's Communities
7652:Singh, Kumar Suresh
7280:. Sutton Publishing
6230:Hardip Singh Syan.
5790:. 25 September 2016
5788:Times of India Blog
5732:. Time-Life Books.
5065:"Hindi sabdasagara"
4582:India's Communities
4146:Kiran Prem (1970).
4028:K.S. Singh (1998).
3965:. 25 September 2016
3749:Related communities
3735:, like a murderous
3731:and Khatris in the
3620:are also followed.
3444:Dayananda Saraswati
3041:with the groups of
2828:Diwan Mulraj Chopra
2814:Other Khatris like
2683:Zafar Khan Muzaffar
954:
914:of large villages."
623:and as far away as
607:locates Khatris in
573:S. Sasikanta Sastri
534:Ralph Lilley Turner
390:Admiral of the Navy
382:Indian Armed Forces
356:British Indian army
247:Indian subcontinent
60:Khatri nobleman in
27:Caste in South Asia
12814:Muslim communities
12734:Tribal communities
12693:Priest communities
12482:Khandelwal Vaishya
12282:Marathi Christians
12212:Muslim Chhaparband
12148:Muslim communities
11864:Tribal communities
11803:Priest communities
11290:Shaikhs of Gujarat
11270:Pathans of Gujarat
11083:Muslim communities
10938:Tribal communities
10852:Kumhar (Prajapati)
8794:Sharma, Dasharatha
8572:. Baker Academic.
8010:The People of Asia
7884:The Times of India
7796:. Hachette India.
7769:. Hachette India.
7739:. Hachette India.
6835:Moin Qazi (2014).
6288:. Hachette India.
6195:haryanascbc.gov.in
5968:Rose, H A (1902).
4450:Tom Brass (2016).
2894:
2812:Dost Mohammad Khan
2800:Dewan Mokham Chand
2721:
2672:East India Company
2637:
2570:
1509:Muzzafargarh dist
1443:Mianwali district
1421:Lyallpur district
981:Amritsar district
964:Total % pop.
952:
950:
942:
927:
777:
687:
664:(around 1300 AD).
12939:
12938:
12935:
12934:
12809:
12808:
12346:Rajasthani people
12312:
12311:
12270:Marathi Buddhists
12258:Other communities
12143:
12142:
12035:
12034:
11489:Hindu Communities
11448:
11447:
11396:Other communities
11300:Sayyid of Gujarat
10452:Audichya Brahmins
10394:
10393:
9721:Gurjara-Pratihara
9451:Media related to
9430:978-81-7387-174-0
9403:978-81-7024-912-2
9376:978-81-87096-02-3
9349:978-0-19-085052-4
9319:978-1-139-43127-9
9218:978-81-7304-785-5
9174:978-1-351-20105-6
9095:978-0-19987-717-1
9037:978-81-7010-301-1
9010:978-81-7755-151-8
8963:978-0-7914-1331-9
8936:978-0-8020-9257-1
8909:978-93-89165-58-6
8745:978-0-521-79842-6
8718:978-0-19-085052-4
8691:978-81-7304-785-5
8660:978-81-241-1386-8
8633:978-0-415-44851-2
8606:978-1-349-23410-3
8579:978-1-4412-4650-9
8548:978-0-521-52654-8
8516:978-0-520-02920-0
8418:978-1-4381-1779-9
8391:978-0-520-95408-3
8364:978-1-351-55159-5
8337:978-1-4384-4275-4
8310:978-1-59884-204-3
8283:978-1-135-21099-1
8256:978-1-4426-6268-1
8226:978-0-19-567876-5
8199:978-1-85065-241-0
8169:978-0-8135-4449-6
8101:978-0-7914-2025-6
8051:978-0-19-563354-2
8020:978-0-684-15625-5
7993:978-81-7387-080-4
7963:978-93-86250-25-4
7803:978-93-5195-280-0
7776:978-93-5195-280-0
7746:978-93-5195-280-0
7719:978-1-85856-353-4
7692:978-0-520-01253-0
7665:978-0-19-563354-2
7637:978-0-19-099203-3
7607:978-0-7141-2744-6
7574:978-1-4398-8817-9
7543:978-0-19-909613-8
7512:978-81-7188-017-1
7481:978-1-136-19770-3
7451:978-0-521-65012-0
7424:978-0-670-83997-1
7397:978-81-250-0032-7
7370:978-90-04-21887-1
7303:978-0-19987-717-1
7257:978-0-19-567309-8
7220:978-81-7072-056-0
7193:978-81-7380-141-9
7166:978-0-19-975655-1
7131:978-1-136-84627-4
7096:978-93-5150-504-4
7044:978-90-04-13561-1
6953:978-1-107-15331-8
6930:978-90-04-13561-1
6906:978-1-4773-2879-8
6876:978-90-04-17202-9
6848:978-93-83808-62-5
6760:978-1-78076-250-0
6728:978-0-521-52654-8
6694:978-0-521-52654-8
6460:978-0-19-512718-8
6433:978-81-7304-785-5
6406:978-81-212-1015-7
6379:978-0-19-508137-4
6349:978-0-19-252747-9
6322:978-0-19-508137-4
6295:978-93-5195-280-0
6268:978-0-19-908780-8
6176:. pp. 57–64.
5822:978-0-8047-7411-6
5769:978-90-5356-035-8
5739:978-0-7054-0702-1
5659:978-93-86369-37-6
5632:978-81-7304-785-5
5605:978-0-85773-549-2
5581:978-0-89389-116-9
5513:978-0-521-52597-8
5469:978-90-04-12320-5
5439:978-90-04-12320-5
5432:. Leiden: BRILL.
5412:978-90-5356-035-8
5361:978-1-63806-511-1
5306:978-0-19987-717-1
5228:978-0-7069-8368-5
5185:978-0-521-09783-3
5154:978-81-7154-013-6
5127:978-1-4422-3601-1
5069:dsal.uchicago.edu
5052:. Hay House, Inc.
5017:978-81-7304-785-5
4992:978-93-858543-8-5
4911:978-0-520-92867-1
4886:978-0-520-02920-0
4859:978-1-78673-095-4
4750:978-0-19-565112-6
4723:978-0-8108-6344-6
4693:978-0-7656-3364-4
4623:978-0-500-51432-0
4592:978-0-19-563354-2
4496:978-0-520-97423-4
4429:978-0-7914-2025-6
4397:978-0-8108-6344-6
4361:978-0-14-342616-5
4230:978-0-19-198640-6
4041:978-0-19563-354-2
4014:978-1-4422-3601-1
3944:978-90-04-12320-5
3468:Dasharatha Sharma
3422:Guru Granth Sahib
3406:Saraswat Brahmins
3332:Saraswat Brahmins
3260:
3259:
3252:
3025:Post-Independence
2679:Gujarat Sultanate
2516:
2515:
1685:Clan organisation
1662:
1661:
1641:Sialkot district
1619:Sheikhupura dist
1597:Shahpur district
1575:Rawalpindi dist.
1531:Patiala district
1292:Himachal Pradesh
1179:Gujranwala dist.
1025:Bahawalpur dist.
824:French traveller
780:Guru Gobind Singh
726:Guru Granth Sahib
660:since the era of
514:As per historian
420:, comes from the
331:. Others such as
278:Kashmiri Brahmins
208:
207:
183:Jammu and Kashmir
16:(Redirected from
12994:
12967:Sikh communities
12907:
12906:
12846:Hussaini Brahmin
12841:Ghanchi (Muslim)
12705:Guru (community)
12674:Jaga (Rajasthan)
12492:Nema (community)
12461:Natrayat Charans
12456:Natrayat Rajputs
12416:Anjana Chaudhari
12391:
12390:
12339:
12332:
12325:
12316:
12315:
12090:
12089:
12040:Jain communities
11522:
11521:
11475:
11468:
11461:
11452:
11451:
11351:Jain communities
10707:Anjana Chaudhari
10502:Tapodhan Brahmin
10497:Sompura Brahmins
10487:Shrimali Brahmin
10482:Sachora Brahmins
10467:Khedaval Brahmin
10421:
10414:
10407:
10398:
10397:
9627:Scheduled Castes
9574:Yaduvanshi Ahirs
9483:
9476:
9469:
9460:
9459:
9450:
9435:
9434:
9414:
9408:
9407:
9387:
9381:
9380:
9360:
9354:
9353:
9333:
9324:
9323:
9303:
9297:
9296:
9276:
9270:
9269:
9257:
9246:
9240:
9239:
9229:
9223:
9222:
9202:
9196:
9195:
9185:
9179:
9178:
9158:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9147:
9132:
9126:
9125:
9123:
9121:
9106:
9100:
9099:
9079:
9073:
9072:
9048:
9042:
9041:
9021:
9015:
9014:
8994:
8988:
8987:
8977:
8968:
8967:
8947:
8941:
8940:
8920:
8914:
8913:
8893:
8887:
8886:
8872:
8866:
8865:
8833:
8827:
8826:
8808:
8802:
8801:
8790:
8784:
8783:
8759:
8750:
8749:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8702:
8696:
8695:
8675:
8669:
8668:
8644:
8638:
8637:
8617:
8611:
8610:
8590:
8584:
8583:
8563:
8557:
8556:
8534:
8525:
8524:
8500:
8491:
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5497:
5491:
5490:
5480:
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5444:
5443:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5398:
5392:
5391:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5354:. Notion Press.
5345:
5339:
5338:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5290:
5281:
5280:
5256:
5250:
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4315:
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4096:
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4079:
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4045:
4025:
4019:
4018:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3928:
3915:
3914:
3904:
3890:
3887:
3679:Arora as Sikhs.
3586:Vishnu's avatars
3546:Religious groups
3505:, considered an
3255:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3235:
3232:reliably sourced
3212:
3211:
3204:
3091:Sun Microsystems
2804:Battle of Attock
2758:Sikh Khalsa Army
2750:Hari Singh Nalwa
2738:Dallewallia Misl
2542:weaving industry
2519:Medieval history
1726:
1725:
1707:barah ghar/bahri
1487:Multan district
1465:Montgomery dist
1399:Lahore district
1377:Jhelum district
1333:Jalandhar dist.
1289:Kangra district
1245:Hazara district
1223:Gurdaspur dist.
1201:Gujrat district
955:
951:
896:Dera Ismail Khan
820:Before partition
810:
505:R. G. Bhandarkar
402:Param Vir Chakra
345:Sawan Mal Chopra
325:Hari Singh Nalwa
187:Himachal Pradesh
58:
46:
45:
39:Khatri (surname)
21:
13002:
13001:
12997:
12996:
12995:
12993:
12992:
12991:
12962:Merchant castes
12942:
12941:
12940:
12931:
12905:
12805:
12729:
12688:
12657:
12566:
12465:
12389:
12348:
12343:
12313:
12308:
12292:Koli Christians
12253:
12217:Muslim Raj Gond
12192:Deccani Muslims
12155:Konkani Muslims
12139:
12088:
12031:
11965:
11859:
11798:
11647:
11611:
11520:
11501:Marathi Brahmin
11484:
11479:
11449:
11444:
11428:
11390:
11364:
11344:
11315:Sulaymani Bohra
11285:Sandhai Muslims
11275:Salaat (Muslim)
11076:
10931:
10907:Salaat (Muslim)
10808:
10777:
10749:
10683:
10637:
10506:
10462:Girnara Brahmin
10457:Bardai Brahmins
10430:
10428:Gujarati people
10425:
10395:
10390:
10324:
10301:
10228:
10180:
9926:
9908:
9735:
9707:
9689:
9621:
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6350:
6334:
6330:
6323:
6307:
6303:
6296:
6280:
6276:
6269:
6253:
6249:
6241:10.1.1.885.9901
6228:
6224:
6215:Kumar, Sanjay.
6213:
6209:
6199:
6197:
6189:
6188:
6181:
6170:
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6155:
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6150:
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5644:
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5514:
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5494:
5481:
5477:
5470:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5424:
5420:
5413:
5399:
5395:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5346:
5342:
5318:
5314:
5307:
5291:
5284:
5273:
5257:
5253:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5213:
5209:
5198:
5197:
5193:
5186:
5170:
5166:
5155:
5139:
5135:
5128:
5112:
5105:
5092:
5083:
5073:
5071:
5061:
5057:
5046:
5039:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5004:
5000:
4993:
4979:
4975:
4968:
4954:Bessel, Richard
4951:
4942:
4931:
4927:
4912:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4871:
4867:
4860:
4844:
4840:
4830:The Sikh Review
4827:
4823:
4813:
4811:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4787:
4769:
4762:
4751:
4735:
4731:
4724:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4624:
4613:Indian Textiles
4608:
4604:
4593:
4577:
4573:
4566:
4552:
4548:
4537:
4526:
4510:
4509:
4497:
4481:
4474:
4464:
4448:
4441:
4430:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4382:
4369:
4362:
4346:
4342:
4316:
4307:
4306:
4297:
4296:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4269:
4249:
4231:
4201:
4197:
4181:
4174:
4161:
4157:
4144:
4140:
4097:
4093:
4080:
4076:
4069:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4026:
4022:
4015:
3999:
3995:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3929:
3918:
3905:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3861:List of Khatris
3857:
3823:
3780:
3756:
3751:
3713:
3685:
3626:
3568:. They worship
3553:
3548:
3524:states that in
3515:Sanskritization
3465:
3415:In the case of
3376:
3342:castes such as
3267:Census of India
3256:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3225:
3217:This section's
3213:
3209:
3202:
3178:
3146:
3130:
3111:
3087:IndiGo Airlines
3027:
3007:
2971:
2955:river Rukmavati
2939:
2911:Hyderabad State
2907:
2899:
2886:
2840:Anglo-Sikh Wars
2806:which defeated
2726:
2708:George Campbell
2695:
2660:Suraiya Faroqhi
2642:
2586:
2562:
2538:
2521:
1766:(also known as
1687:
1667:
1665:After partition
1553:Peshawar dist.
1355:Jhang district
1311:Kohat district
1267:Jammu Province
1157:Ferozpur dist.
822:
817:
811:
808:
679:
662:Ziauddin Barani
601:
562:
509:Shapurji Edalji
410:
392:. Some such as
295:was founded by
112:
109:Multani/Saraiki
69:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
13000:
12990:
12989:
12984:
12979:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12959:
12954:
12952:Punjabi tribes
12937:
12936:
12933:
12932:
12930:
12929:
12924:
12922:Langha (tribe)
12919:
12913:
12911:
12904:
12903:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12861:Muslim Rangrez
12858:
12853:
12851:Khadem (caste)
12848:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12821:Muslim Rajputs
12817:
12815:
12811:
12810:
12807:
12806:
12804:
12803:
12798:
12793:
12788:
12783:
12778:
12773:
12768:
12763:
12758:
12753:
12748:
12743:
12737:
12735:
12731:
12730:
12728:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12707:
12702:
12696:
12694:
12690:
12689:
12687:
12686:
12681:
12676:
12671:
12665:
12663:
12659:
12658:
12656:
12655:
12650:
12645:
12640:
12635:
12630:
12625:
12620:
12615:
12610:
12605:
12600:
12595:
12590:
12588:Kalwar (caste)
12585:
12580:
12574:
12572:
12568:
12567:
12565:
12564:
12559:
12554:
12549:
12544:
12539:
12534:
12529:
12524:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12487:Mathur Vaishya
12484:
12479:
12473:
12471:
12467:
12466:
12464:
12463:
12458:
12453:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12436:Kachhi (caste)
12433:
12428:
12423:
12418:
12413:
12408:
12403:
12397:
12395:
12388:
12387:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12367:
12362:
12356:
12354:
12350:
12349:
12342:
12341:
12334:
12327:
12319:
12310:
12309:
12307:
12306:
12301:
12296:
12295:
12294:
12289:
12279:
12278:
12277:
12267:
12261:
12259:
12255:
12254:
12252:
12251:
12250:
12249:
12244:
12239:
12234:
12229:
12224:
12219:
12214:
12209:
12204:
12199:
12194:
12189:
12184:
12179:
12174:
12164:
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9441:External links
9439:
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9375:
9366:Sindhi Culture
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8956:. SUNY Press.
8942:
8935:
8915:
8908:
8888:
8867:
8848:(1): 142–147.
8838:"Caste Census"
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8822:978-0195633542
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7654:, ed. (1998).
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6098:
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6042:. p. 164.
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5927:INDIAN CULTURE
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5902:INDIAN CULTURE
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5841:Indian Culture
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4111:(1): 109–140.
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2808:Durrani Empire
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1600:Punjab (West)
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1336:Punjab (East)
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1113:DI Khan dist.
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692:Bichitra Natak
678:
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581:Michael Witzel
565:Baij Nath Puri
561:
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418:Hindi Language
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406:
398:Arun Khetarpal
337:Durrani Empire
237:, but also in
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12957:Indian castes
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12886:Sindhi-Sipahi
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12599:
12596:
12594:
12591:
12589:
12586:
12584:
12581:
12579:
12576:
12575:
12573:
12569:
12563:
12560:
12558:
12555:
12553:
12550:
12548:
12545:
12543:
12540:
12538:
12535:
12533:
12530:
12528:
12525:
12523:
12520:
12518:
12515:
12513:
12510:
12508:
12505:
12503:
12500:
12498:
12495:
12493:
12490:
12488:
12485:
12483:
12480:
12478:
12475:
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12472:
12468:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12419:
12417:
12414:
12412:
12409:
12407:
12404:
12402:
12399:
12398:
12396:
12392:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12370:Ravana Rajput
12368:
12366:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12357:
12355:
12351:
12347:
12340:
12335:
12333:
12328:
12326:
12321:
12320:
12317:
12305:
12302:
12300:
12297:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12284:
12283:
12280:
12276:
12273:
12272:
12271:
12268:
12266:
12263:
12262:
12260:
12256:
12248:
12245:
12243:
12240:
12238:
12235:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12225:
12223:
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12218:
12215:
12213:
12210:
12208:
12205:
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12198:
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12190:
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12185:
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12136:
12133:
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12128:
12126:
12123:
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12116:
12113:
12111:
12108:
12106:
12103:
12101:
12098:
12097:
12095:
12091:
12083:
12080:
12078:
12075:
12073:
12070:
12068:
12065:
12063:
12060:
12058:
12055:
12053:
12050:
12049:
12048:
12047:Marathi Jains
12045:
12044:
12042:
12038:
12028:
12025:
12023:
12020:
12018:
12015:
12013:
12010:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11980:
11978:
11975:
11974:
11972:
11968:
11962:
11959:
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11939:
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11934:
11932:
11929:
11927:
11924:
11922:
11919:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11904:
11902:
11899:
11897:
11894:
11892:
11889:
11887:
11884:
11882:
11879:
11877:
11874:
11872:
11869:
11868:
11866:
11862:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11807:
11805:
11801:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11789:Twashta Kasar
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11755:
11752:
11750:
11747:
11745:
11742:
11740:
11737:
11735:
11732:
11730:
11727:
11725:
11722:
11720:
11717:
11715:
11712:
11710:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11689:Dhobi (Parit)
11687:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11656:
11654:
11650:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11620:
11618:
11614:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11535:
11533:
11530:
11529:
11527:
11523:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11493:
11491:
11487:
11483:
11476:
11471:
11469:
11464:
11462:
11457:
11456:
11453:
11441:
11438:
11437:
11435:
11431:
11425:
11422:
11420:
11417:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11405:
11402:
11401:
11399:
11397:
11393:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11378:
11376:
11374:
11372:
11367:
11361:
11358:
11357:
11355:
11353:
11352:
11347:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11261:
11258:
11256:
11253:
11251:
11248:
11246:
11243:
11241:
11238:
11236:
11233:
11231:
11230:Multani Lohar
11228:
11226:
11223:
11221:
11218:
11216:
11213:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11196:
11193:
11191:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11122:Dawoodi Bohra
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11089:
11087:
11085:
11084:
11079:
11073:
11070:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10980:
10977:
10975:
10972:
10970:
10967:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10954:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10944:
10942:
10940:
10939:
10934:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10897:Sompura Salat
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10882:Gurjar Suthar
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10822:Bhambi Khalpa
10820:
10819:
10817:
10815:
10811:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10791:
10789:
10787:
10785:
10780:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10760:
10758:
10756:
10752:
10745:
10741:
10737:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10697:Aboti Brahmin
10695:
10694:
10692:
10690:
10686:
10679:
10675:
10671:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10648:
10646:
10644:
10640:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10548:
10546:
10543:
10541:
10538:
10536:
10533:
10531:
10528:
10526:
10523:
10521:
10518:
10517:
10515:
10513:
10509:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10477:Nagar Brahmin
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10447:Aboti Brahmin
10445:
10444:
10442:
10440:
10438:
10433:
10429:
10422:
10417:
10415:
10410:
10408:
10403:
10402:
10399:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10333:
10331:
10327:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10312:
10310:
10308:
10304:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10239:
10237:
10235:
10231:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10191:
10189:
10187:
10183:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
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10139:
10136:
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10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
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10111:
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10104:
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10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
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10081:
10079:
10076:
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10071:
10069:
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10061:
10059:
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10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
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9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
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9938:
9937:
9935:
9933:
9929:
9923:
9920:
9919:
9917:
9915:
9911:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
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9890:
9887:
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9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
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9867:
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9862:
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9807:
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9792:
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9782:
9780:
9777:
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9772:
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9762:
9760:
9757:
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9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9718:
9716:
9714:
9710:
9704:
9701:
9700:
9698:
9696:
9692:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9680:Ramdasia Sikh
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
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9661:
9658:
9656:
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9641:
9638:
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9633:
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9612:
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9600:
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9531:
9529:
9525:
9519:
9516:
9515:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9494:social groups
9491:
9490:Ethnic groups
9484:
9479:
9477:
9472:
9470:
9465:
9464:
9461:
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9444:
9432:
9426:
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9413:
9405:
9399:
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9311:
9310:
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9292:9780192527479
9288:
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9236:
9228:
9220:
9214:
9210:
9209:
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9193:
9192:
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9176:
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9166:
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9157:
9142:
9141:Mumbai Mirror
9138:
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9060:
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8863:
8859:
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8843:
8839:
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8824:
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8814:
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8777:
8775:9789380607047
8771:
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8478:
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8333:
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8320:
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8302:
8301:
8293:
8285:
8279:
8276:. Routledge.
8275:
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7860:9789811064128
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7534:
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7514:
7508:
7504:
7503:
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7487:Darji(tailor)
7483:
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7380:
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7335:
7328:
7320:
7319:Bardhaman Raj
7313:
7305:
7299:
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7286:
7279:
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7259:
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7184:
7176:
7168:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7150:
7149:
7141:
7133:
7127:
7123:
7119:
7116:. Routledge.
7115:
7114:
7106:
7098:
7092:
7088:
7087:
7079:
7072:
7067:
7066:
7058:
7051:
7046:
7040:
7036:
7035:
7027:
7020:
7016:
7014:9788121903646
7010:
7006:
7005:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6985:
6983:9781107153318
6979:
6975:
6974:
6966:
6959:
6955:
6949:
6945:
6944:
6936:
6932:
6926:
6922:
6921:
6913:
6908:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6886:
6878:
6872:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6850:
6844:
6840:
6839:
6831:
6824:
6819:
6817:9781788318730
6813:
6809:
6808:
6800:
6793:
6788:
6786:9780521193337
6782:
6778:
6777:
6770:
6762:
6756:
6752:
6751:
6743:
6741:
6739:
6730:
6724:
6720:
6719:
6711:
6709:
6701:
6696:
6690:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6667:
6665:9783030567613
6661:
6657:
6653:
6646:
6639:
6635:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6616:
6609:
6604:
6602:9780415580618
6598:
6594:
6593:
6585:
6578:
6573:
6571:9781136018329
6567:
6563:
6559:
6552:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6526:
6519:
6512:
6507:
6500:
6493:
6488:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6462:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6443:
6435:
6429:
6425:
6424:
6416:
6408:
6402:
6398:
6397:
6389:
6381:
6375:
6371:
6370:
6362:
6360:
6351:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6332:
6324:
6318:
6314:
6313:
6305:
6297:
6291:
6287:
6286:
6278:
6270:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6251:
6242:
6237:
6233:
6226:
6218:
6211:
6196:
6192:
6186:
6184:
6175:
6168:
6160:
6159:
6152:
6144:
6143:
6136:
6128:
6127:
6119:
6112:. p. 70.
6111:
6110:
6102:
6094:
6093:
6085:
6077:
6076:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6055:
6049:
6041:
6040:
6032:
6024:
6023:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6005:
6003:
6001:
5999:
5990:
5989:
5981:
5973:
5972:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5903:
5899:
5893:
5885:
5878:
5870:
5863:
5857:
5842:
5838:
5832:
5824:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5805:
5789:
5785:
5779:
5771:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5752:
5750:
5741:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5722:
5720:
5711:
5705:
5701:
5694:
5692:
5683:
5682:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5661:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5642:
5634:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5615:
5607:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5588:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5573:0-89389-116-9
5570:
5564:
5554:
5547:
5542:
5540:9781316184394
5536:
5532:
5531:
5523:
5515:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5496:
5489:. p. 85.
5488:
5487:
5479:
5471:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5452:
5450:
5441:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5422:
5414:
5408:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5363:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5344:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5316:
5308:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5289:
5287:
5279:
5274:
5272:9780791414255
5268:
5264:
5263:
5255:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5230:
5224:
5220:
5219:
5211:
5203:
5202:
5195:
5187:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5168:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5137:
5129:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5110:
5108:
5099:
5098:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5051:
5044:
5042:
5033:
5027:
5019:
5013:
5009:
5002:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4977:
4969:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4945:
4936:
4929:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4888:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4869:
4861:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4842:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4793:
4788:
4786:9780520228214
4782:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4765:
4757:
4752:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4719:
4715:
4714:
4706:
4699:
4695:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4666:9789004176539
4662:
4658:
4654:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4606:
4599:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4565:9780190222659
4561:
4557:
4550:
4542:
4535:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4520:
4514:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4479:
4477:
4469:
4465:
4463:9781317827351
4459:
4455:
4454:
4446:
4444:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4408:
4399:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4363:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4343:
4341:9780191831874
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4313:
4301:
4286:
4284:9780191727221
4280:
4276:
4275:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4246:
4243:areas in the
4242:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4179:
4177:
4168:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4068:9789004177314
4064:
4060:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4010:
4006:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3988:
3980:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3903:
3901:
3896:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3719:" written by
3718:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3680:
3678:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3588:. Worship of
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3551:Hindu Khatris
3542:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3489:
3488:literacy rate
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3291:According to
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3254:
3251:
3243:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:, classified
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3106:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3009:According to
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2890:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2700:
2699:Harjot Oberoi
2690:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2633:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2590:Muzaffar Alam
2581:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:House of 2.5
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1003:Attock dist.
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
956:
946:
940:clan, Lahore.
939:
935:
931:
924:
919:
915:
912:
908:
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
805:
803:
799:
794:
793:
787:
785:
781:
774:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
741:
737:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
711:
706:
703:, the son of
702:
698:
694:
693:
689:According to
683:
677:Sikh theology
674:
672:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
635:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
560:Early history
557:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
479:(lakha), and
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
386:Chief of Army
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:Hindu Afghans
364:
359:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:Guru Amar Das
302:
298:
294:
293:Sikh religion
289:
287:
286:Sikandar Lodi
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
204:
203:Uttar Pradesh
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
67:
66:James Skinner
63:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
12856:Muslim Gaddi
12781:Sansi people
12756:Bhil Gametia
12578:Soni (caste)
12556:
12547:Vijayvargiya
12532:Shrimal Jain
12426:Dangi people
12110:Jaiswal Jain
12012:Phase Pardhi
11845:Kudaldeshkar
11643:Vaishya Vani
11395:
11369:
11349:
11260:Patani Bohra
11205:Meta Qureshi
11081:
10936:
10827:Bhambi Rohit
10813:
10782:
10754:
10722:Kathi people
10688:
10642:
10545:Kathi Darbar
10511:
10472:Modh Brahmin
10435:
10107:
9931:
9660:Mazhabi Sikh
9419:
9412:
9392:
9385:
9365:
9358:
9338:
9308:
9301:
9281:
9274:
9251:
9244:
9234:
9227:
9207:
9200:
9190:
9183:
9163:
9156:
9144:. Retrieved
9140:
9130:
9118:. Retrieved
9115:Newslaundary
9114:
9104:
9084:
9077:
9070:cultivators.
9068:
9053:
9046:
9026:
9019:
8999:
8992:
8982:
8952:
8945:
8925:
8918:
8898:
8891:
8882:
8877:
8870:
8845:
8841:
8831:
8812:
8806:
8797:
8788:
8779:
8764:
8734:
8727:
8707:
8700:
8680:
8673:
8664:
8649:
8642:
8622:
8615:
8595:
8588:
8568:
8561:
8552:
8538:
8520:
8505:
8486:
8471:
8451:22 September
8449:. Retrieved
8434:
8427:
8407:
8400:
8380:
8373:
8353:
8346:
8326:
8319:
8299:
8292:
8272:
8265:
8245:
8215:
8208:
8188:
8181:
8173:
8158:
8138:22 September
8136:. Retrieved
8121:
8114:
8105:
8091:
8081:
8071:
8064:
8055:
8040:
8033:
8024:
8009:
8002:
7982:
7952:
7945:
7933:. Retrieved
7930:ResearchGate
7929:
7919:
7906:
7899:
7889:17 September
7887:. Retrieved
7883:
7873:
7864:
7849:
7842:
7834:
7819:
7812:
7792:
7785:
7765:
7735:
7728:
7708:
7701:
7681:
7674:
7655:
7646:
7626:
7619:
7611:
7596:
7592:Sheila Paine
7586:
7578:
7563:
7556:
7547:
7532:
7525:
7516:
7501:
7494:
7485:
7470:
7463:
7455:
7440:
7433:
7413:
7406:
7386:
7379:
7359:
7352:
7333:
7327:
7318:
7312:
7292:
7285:
7277:
7272:
7261:, retrieved
7239:
7229:
7209:
7202:
7182:
7175:
7147:
7140:
7112:
7105:
7085:
7078:
7069:
7064:
7057:
7048:
7033:
7026:
7018:
7003:
6987:
6972:
6965:
6957:
6942:
6934:
6919:
6910:
6895:
6885:
6866:
6860:
6852:
6837:
6830:
6821:
6806:
6799:
6790:
6775:
6769:
6749:
6717:
6698:
6684:
6678:
6669:
6655:
6645:
6637:
6622:
6615:
6606:
6591:
6584:
6575:
6561:
6551:
6542:
6536:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6490:
6489:(1): 49–56.
6486:
6482:
6469:
6449:
6442:
6422:
6415:
6395:
6388:
6368:
6338:
6331:
6311:
6304:
6284:
6277:
6257:
6250:
6231:
6225:
6210:
6198:. Retrieved
6194:
6173:
6167:
6157:
6151:
6141:
6135:
6125:
6118:
6108:
6101:
6091:
6084:
6074:
6038:
6031:
6021:
5987:
5980:
5970:
5930:. Retrieved
5926:
5917:
5905:. Retrieved
5901:
5892:
5877:
5869:Census India
5868:
5856:
5844:. Retrieved
5840:
5831:
5811:
5804:
5794:17 September
5792:. Retrieved
5787:
5778:
5758:
5728:
5699:
5680:
5648:
5641:
5621:
5614:
5594:
5587:
5563:
5553:
5544:
5529:
5522:
5502:
5495:
5485:
5478:
5458:
5428:
5421:
5402:
5396:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5370:
5350:
5343:
5335:
5322:
5315:
5295:
5276:
5261:
5254:
5244:
5237:
5217:
5210:
5200:
5194:
5174:
5167:
5158:
5143:
5136:
5116:
5096:
5072:. Retrieved
5068:
5058:
5049:
5007:
5001:
4982:
4976:
4957:
4934:
4928:
4901:
4895:
4875:
4868:
4848:
4841:
4836:(274): 36–54
4833:
4829:
4824:
4812:. Retrieved
4808:
4799:
4790:
4776:
4754:
4739:
4732:
4712:
4705:
4697:
4682:
4675:
4648:
4635:
4627:
4612:
4605:
4596:
4581:
4574:
4555:
4549:
4540:
4485:
4467:
4452:
4433:
4419:
4386:
4350:
4323:
4288:. Retrieved
4273:
4256:
4234:
4208:
4198:
4190:
4185:
4165:
4158:
4148:
4141:
4108:
4104:
4094:
4084:
4077:
4057:
4050:
4030:
4023:
4003:
3996:
3986:
3979:
3969:17 September
3967:. Retrieved
3962:
3953:
3933:
3909:
3885:
3871:Caste system
3824:
3812:
3781:
3772:W. H. McLeod
3757:
3726:
3714:
3686:
3638:
3627:
3624:Sikh Khatris
3570:Hinglaj Mata
3554:
3539:
3519:
3510:
3492:
3475:
3466:
3453:
3427:
3420:
3414:
3397:
3377:
3368:varna system
3352:
3329:
3317:
3299:district of
3290:
3283:
3261:
3246:
3237:
3218:
3200:Varna status
3194:silk weaving
3179:
3147:
3131:
3112:
3103:upper castes
3099:
3059:Apollo Tyres
3035:
3028:
3008:
2972:
2940:
2908:
2900:
2855:
2844:
2798:
2736:founded the
2727:
2696:
2676:
2658:
2643:
2626:W. H. McLeod
2623:
2599:
2587:
2578:Tegh Bahadur
2571:
2554:Chira-i-Baaf
2553:
2539:
2529:Jahangirnama
2522:
1820:
1819:House of 52
1775:House of 12
1720:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1688:
1668:
1069:Bannu dist.
1050:Balochistan
1047:Balochistan
925:c. 1859-1869
904:
873:
834:
823:
815:Demographics
795:
790:
789:
778:
775:c. 1868-1872
747:
743:
742:
739:
723:
708:
697:Gobind Singh
690:
688:
646:Jean Chardin
642:Stephen Dale
639:
632:
605:Stephen Dale
602:
588:
584:
568:
563:
554:
549:
545:
541:
537:
516:W. H. McLeod
513:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
444:
437:
434:philologists
425:
413:
411:
394:Vikram Batra
379:
371:Sikh Afghans
360:
353:
333:Mokham Chand
290:
251:
210:
209:
80:(majority),
61:
43:
12901:Hela Mehtar
12603:Rajput Mali
12583:Gadia Lohar
12265:Bene Israel
11992:Gav-Paradhi
11684:Chhaparband
11592:Mahyavanshi
11587:Panchkalshi
11567:Koli people
11419:Mahyavanshi
11373:communities
11371:Zoroastrian
11320:Sunni Bohra
11265:Patni Jamat
11092:Alavi Bohra
10786:communities
10784:Genealogist
10530:Dabhi Kolis
10439:communities
10247:Mair Rajput
9589:Hindu Ghosi
8057:profession.
5074:19 November
4814:24 November
4809:apnaorg.com
4651:: 253–280.
3830:shepherding
3825:Gaddi is a
3815:Bhanushalis
3717:Heer Ranjha
3699:in Punjab.
3602:Vaishnavism
3574:Chandi Mata
3526:Maharashtra
3494:Ashok Malik
3474:as a mixed
3354:Susan Bayly
3186:Maharashtra
3176:Maharashtra
3148:Khatris of
3122:West Punjab
3019:baby shower
2836:Sikh Empire
2794:Khyber Pass
2790:Indus River
2724:Sikh Empire
2693:Afghanistan
2574:Burdwan Raj
2572:In Bengal,
2412:, Kharbanda
2207:Mehndiratta
2038:(Sawhney),
1821:(Bunjahis)
1759:House of 4
1732:Clan names
1669:Apart from
907:Shah Hanifi
841:West Punjab
621:Afghanistan
617:Elphinstone
591:were Kaṭha
587:states the
577:North-India
524:A. R. Desai
520:Peter Hardy
361:During the
329:Khyber pass
317:Khalsa Army
313:Sikh Empire
274:upper-caste
243:Afghanistan
199:Maharashtra
161:Afghanistan
95:variety of
68:(1778–1841)
12946:Categories
12796:Van Baoria
12771:Rath tribe
12746:Bhil Meena
12710:Rajpurohit
12562:Maheshwari
12375:Rajpurohit
12247:Tadvi Bhil
11719:Kanjarbhat
11674:Chaukalshi
11577:Leva Patil
11335:Vora Patel
11330:Turk Jamat
11127:Halaypotra
11117:Chundrigar
11043:Patanwadia
10887:Sai Suthar
10717:Bhanushali
10656:Bhanushali
9864:Sial tribe
8445:0520057112
8132:0520057112
7417:. Viking.
7343:8121511321
5932:7 November
5907:7 November
5846:7 November
4505:1088599361
4205:"Glossary"
3877:References
3721:Waris Shah
3689:B. N. Puri
3660:Rawalpindi
3630:Guru Nanak
3618:Radhasoami
3610:Arya Samaj
3594:Meditation
3590:totemistic
3566:Rawalpindi
3430:Arya Samaj
3398:Kshatriya,
3309:twice-born
3079:IndiaToday
3015:Jandi Tree
2927:Padmasalis
2754:Gujranwala
2610:terminated
2588:Historian
2504:, Trehan,
2008:Khukrains
1691:endogamous
861:Rawalpindi
749:Kshatriyas
640:Historian
501:consonance
430:B. N. Puri
301:Guru Angad
297:Guru Nanak
270:Guru Angad
231:South Asia
229:region of
12917:Manganiar
12891:Singiwala
12761:Bhil Mama
12242:Saiqalgar
12082:Upajjhaya
12057:Chaturtha
12052:Bagherwal
11997:Nath Jogi
11815:Deshastha
11810:Chitpavan
11769:Padmasali
11424:Thathagar
11215:Molesalam
11162:Khaskheli
10525:Chudasama
10113:Sabharwal
10033:Khukhrain
9769:Chaudhary
9635:Ad-Dharmi
9617:Khandowya
9146:25 August
9120:25 August
8854:0376-9771
8107:subcaste.
7935:24 August
7363:. BRILL.
6236:CiteSeerX
6200:29 August
6048:cite book
5387:(4): 22.
5026:cite book
5010:. India.
4513:cite book
4435:subcaste.
4310:ignored (
4300:cite book
4259:. Brill.
4125:0069-9667
3837:Himalayas
3808:Bhaibands
3737:Kizilbash
3703:tribe of
3672:Jat Sikhs
3648:Partition
3614:Nirankari
3476:pratiloma
3472:Rajasthan
3410:chaplains
3320:Kshatriya
3275:Kshatriya
3228:talk page
3138:SC/ST Act
3118:Partition
3109:Delhi NCR
3101:of these
3095:Max Group
3031:Partition
2983:Rajasthan
2969:Rajasthan
2923:Hyderabad
2905:Hyderabad
2862:Bardhaman
2858:governors
2746:Jalandhar
2719:standards
2646:Champaner
2602:Aurangzeb
2469:, Ratra,
2203:Manchanda
2187:Khetarpal
2032:Sabharwal
1866:Chaudhary
1814:is added
1721:bunjayees
1717:Khukhrain
1702:char ghar
625:Astrakhan
609:Astrakhan
589:Kathaiois
493:kshatriya
487:(ऋ) from
475:(khama),
471:(kheta),
461:Gurumukhi
449:Vararuchi
426:kshatriya
416:, in the
412:The word
408:Etymology
282:Kayasthas
258:Gurumukhi
225:areas of
88:Languages
74:Religions
12871:Hiranbaz
12836:Churigar
12801:Pateliya
12720:Brahmins
12623:Thathera
12527:Sarawagi
12517:Baranwal
12477:Agrawal
12160:Nawayath
12135:Shrimali
12130:Sarawagi
12072:Panchama
11886:Binjhwar
11855:Saraswat
11820:Devrukhe
11679:Chambhar
11547:Bhandari
11433:See also
11295:Shaikhda
11195:Mansoori
11172:Machiyar
11132:Hingorja
11052:Rathodia
11047:Pateliya
11039:Padharia
10877:Sikligar
10608:Sarvaiya
10540:Karadiya
10346:Bakarwal
10307:Tarkhans
10204:Chhibber
10073:Mehrotra
10063:Malhotra
10053:Mahendru
10008:Kandhari
9953:Bhandari
9899:Warraich
9844:Randhawa
9784:Dhankhar
9685:Ravidasi
9609:Chauhans
9502:Punjabis
8862:23006464
8796:(1975).
7594:(2001).
6990:Thanesar
6893:(2024).
5332:61616699
4920:56034872
4792:service.
4320:"Khatrī"
4290:29 April
4133:53703281
3855:See also
3849:Bharmour
3705:Pashtuns
3677:baptised
3662:region.
3656:Potohari
3606:Shaktism
3562:Peshawar
3511:Khatris.
3456:Vaishyas
3408:, their
3402:Punjabis
3393:Ibbetson
3385:Campbell
3381:Nesfield
3336:purohits
3334:are the
3286:Kayastha
3281:status.
3240:May 2022
3221:disputed
3067:Snapdeal
3051:Mahindra
2874:Peshawar
2782:Peshawar
2742:Ludhiana
2703:Buddhism
2615:Jat Sikh
2525:Jahangir
2523:Emperor
2443:Nijhawan
2424:Majithia
2365:Dhariwal
2353:Chhatwal
2349:Chatrath
2259:Sachdeva
2243:Pasricha
2095:Chhapola
2059:Allawadi
1976:, Soni,
1902:Kandhari
1862:Chhachhi
1854:Bhandari
1812:Wadhawan
1792:Mehrotra
1788:Mahindra
1753:Malhotra
900:Ibbetson
865:Peshawer
853:Potohari
826:Thevenot
807:—
761:Vaishyas
753:Brahmins
710:Ramayana
658:caravans
593:Brahmins
542:kṣatriya
453:Gujarati
422:Sanskrit
377:origin.
239:Pakistan
157:Pakistan
119:Gujarati
101:Potohari
78:Hinduism
12881:Silawat
12776:Saharia
12684:Motisar
12653:Meghwal
12598:Pinjara
12542:Veerwal
12512:Banjara
12507:Gawaria
12421:Bishnoi
12411:Gurjar
12232:Pinjara
12207:Multani
12182:Bhishti
12177:Baghban
12120:Paliwal
12100:Agrawal
12077:Saitwal
12067:Kamboja
12017:Ramoshi
12007:Kaikadi
11977:Banjara
11931:Katkari
11921:Halpati
11840:Karhade
11744:Kumbhar
11734:Kolhati
11602:Maratha
11597:Mangela
11552:Dhangar
11516:Shamedi
11340:Vyapari
11225:Multani
11190:Mandali
11177:Makrani
11137:Hingora
11107:Bhadala
11024:Meghwal
11009:Halpati
10999:Garasia
10872:Panchal
10842:Kansara
10799:Motisar
10768:Bharwad
10736:Patidar
10670:Agarwal
10618:Solanki
10568:Jinkara
10520:Chauhan
10437:Brahmin
10315:Panesar
10267:Chauhan
10262:Rathore
10234:Rajputs
10199:Bhimwal
10043:Khullar
10023:Khattar
9988:Gambhir
9948:Bhambri
9932:Khatris
9819:Khokhar
9713:Gurjars
9695:Gakhars
9645:Bazigar
9640:Balmiki
9599:Ranghar
9594:Aharwar
9510:Agrawal
9500:of the
8408:Sikhism
7549:colors'
7263:31 July
6994:Haryana
6671:castes.
5160:Khatris
4756:castes.
3827:nomadic
3792:Bhatias
3701:Khattak
3582:Hanuman
3534:Marathi
3530:Marathi
3484:trading
3480:Banking
3448:Vaishya
3348:Lohanas
3344:Khatris
3340:Vaishya
3313:Agarwal
3305:Vaishya
3279:Vaishya
3190:Marathi
3154:Pandits
3150:Kashmir
3128:Haryana
3075:YesBank
3071:Hotmail
3043:Ranbaxy
2979:Lohanas
2975:Bhatias
2943:Gujarat
2937:Gujarat
2838:in the
2832:Punjabi
2778:Kashmir
2766:Sialkot
2654:Hinglaj
2640:Gujarat
2594:Persian
2550:weaving
2546:Benaras
2536:Benares
2512:(Whig)
2502:Thakkar
2478:, Sarna
2467:Qanungo
2435:Nagrath
2401:Kaushal
2397:Kashyap
2321:Badhwar
2271:Sardana
2223:Miglani
2191:Khurana
2183:Khattar
2135:Gambhir
2119:Dhingra
2103:Chandna
2091:Chhimba
2087:Chhabra
2083:Bhutani
2051:Aroras
1914:Kochhar
1910:Khullar
1894:Jhanjhi
1874:Dhoopar
1858:Chandok
1850:Bhambri
1679:Haryana
1653:02.00%
1650:02.01%
1647:04.01%
1631:03.32%
1628:02.18%
1625:05.50%
1609:08.06%
1606:03.02%
1603:11.08%
1587:02.30%
1584:07.71%
1581:10.01%
1565:02.08%
1562:02.26%
1559:04.34%
1543:00.15%
1540:01.14%
1537:01.29%
1521:09.22%
1518:00.45%
1515:09.67%
1499:12.52%
1496:01.53%
1493:14.05%
1477:10.82%
1474:01.09%
1471:11.91%
1455:10.96%
1452:02.24%
1449:13.20%
1433:05.68%
1430:01.82%
1427:07.50%
1411:02.91%
1408:05.10%
1405:08.01%
1389:02.50%
1386:07.27%
1383:09.77%
1367:10.72%
1364:04.34%
1361:15.06%
1345:00.10%
1342:02.78%
1339:02.88%
1323:03.57%
1320:01.50%
1317:05.07%
1301:00.02%
1298:00.85%
1295:00.87%
1279:00.00%
1276:03.01%
1273:03.01%
1257:00.68%
1254:02.29%
1251:02.97%
1235:00.15%
1232:01.83%
1229:01.98%
1213:03.84%
1210:02.46%
1207:06.30%
1191:05.55%
1188:04.46%
1185:10.01%
1169:02.46%
1166:01.11%
1163:03.57%
1147:04.01%
1144:16.32%
1141:20.33%
1125:09.14%
1122:00.72%
1119:09.86%
1103:09.22%
1100:00.79%
1097:10.01%
1081:07.30%
1078:00.50%
1075:07.83%
1059:01.90%
1056:00.03%
1053:01.93%
1037:06.86%
1034:00.50%
1031:07.36%
1015:02.58%
1012:07.32%
1009:09.90%
993:02.17%
990:03.30%
987:05.47%
967:Khatri
958:Region
880:Derajat
798:Brahmin
792:maroon.
757:Shudras
730:Sikhism
666:Chardin
650:Isfahan
634:Agrijan
550:kṣattr̥
538:khattrī
469:kshetra
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442:Prakrit
262:Punjabi
254:scribes
195:Gujarat
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149:Country
113:Minor:
97:Punjabi
91:Major:
82:Sikhism
32:Chhetri
18:Khatris
12927:Mirasi
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12431:Dhakar
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11360:Navnat
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11097:Ansari
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11014:Kharwa
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10984:Dhanka
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10927:Valand
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10329:Others
10297:Wattoo
10282:Jamwal
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10151:Tandon
10146:Talwar
10123:Sehgal
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10098:Oberoi
10093:Nayyar
10088:Narula
10078:Nagpal
10048:Madhok
10028:Khosla
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10003:Kakkar
9998:Gujral
9983:Duggal
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9973:Chopra
9968:Chadha
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9958:Bhasin
9944:Bhamba
9922:Labana
9914:Labana
9884:Tiwana
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9849:Sandhu
9839:Ranjha
9814:Kharal
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9799:Grewal
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9764:Buttar
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9749:Aulakh
9731:Baisla
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9670:Mirasi
9655:Khatik
9650:Chamar
9551:Kardar
9536:Rayeen
9528:Arains
9518:Bansal
9498:tribes
9453:Khatri
9427:
9400:
9373:
9346:
9316:
9289:
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9092:
9061:
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7518:goods.
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5278:Sodhis
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4245:Punjab
4227:
4131:
4123:
4065:
4038:
4011:
3941:
3845:Lahore
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2866:Lahore
2824:Multan
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2774:Multan
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2711:Asia."
2664:Kunbis
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2498:Takiar
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2199:Madaan
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2151:Grover
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2123:Dhuria
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2099:Channa
2079:Baweja
2067:Babbar
2020:Chadha
2016:Bhasin
1998:Vinaik
1982:Thapar
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1926:Madhok
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1878:Duggal
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1729:Group
1671:Punjab
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830:Multan
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499:is in
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9665:Mochi
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9579:Ahirs
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9556:Ramay
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8858:JSTOR
7911:(PDF)
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6479:(PDF)
5865:(PDF)
4645:(PDF)
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3833:tribe
3821:Gaddi
3804:Amils
3764:Sindh
3754:Arora
3652:Arora
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3503:Telis
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2931:looms
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1612:1901
1590:1891
1568:1921
1546:1901
1524:1931
1502:1901
1480:1901
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1436:1931
1414:1931
1392:1881
1370:1931
1348:1901
1326:1921
1304:1931
1282:1901
1260:1901
1238:1901
1216:1901
1194:1931
1172:1901
1150:1901
1128:1901
1106:1891
1084:1921
1062:1931
1040:1931
1018:1901
996:1901
973:Year
938:Sodhi
892:Kohat
888:Bannu
837:Arora
715:Sodhi
629:Tatar
481:iksha
375:Arora
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266:Lāṇḍa
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179:Delhi
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123:Dogri
115:Hindi
12766:Koli
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11906:Gond
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11664:Bhoi
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11537:Ahir
11532:Agri
11250:Node
11019:Koli
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10952:Bhil
10912:Soni
10763:Ahir
10740:Leva
10727:Koli
10678:Modh
10628:Vala
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10224:Vaid
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10194:Bali
10142:Soni
10128:Seth
10103:Puri
9993:Ghai
9904:Wyne
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9148:2021
9122:2021
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9032:ISBN
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