450:
223:
728:
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693:
60:
653:
796:
784:
772:
673:
626:
709:
297:
638:
212:
321:
579:
441:, which contained approximately 10,000 khachkars in 1648. The number of khachkars dwindled over time through destruction of various causes until the only 2,700 khachkars remained in 1998, when the Azerbaijani government embarked on a systematic campaign destroying and leveling the entire medieval cemetery between 1998 and 2005.
364:
at the end of the 14th century. It revived in the 16th and 17th centuries, but the artistic heights of the 14th century were never achieved again. Today, the tradition still remains, and one can still see khachkar carvers in some parts of
372:
About 40,000 khachkars survive today. Most of them are free standing, though those recording donations are usually built into monastery walls. The following three khachkars are believed to be the finest examples of the art form:
276:
were erected for the salvation of the soul of either a living or a deceased person. Otherwise they were intended to commemorate a military victory, the construction of a church, or as a form of protection from natural disasters.
1236:
In
December 2015 we unveiled the Khachkar Memorial (Stone-Cross) in Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin in remembrance of the Armenian Genocide "MEZ YEGHERN" and in dedication to the massive destruction that took place 102 years
547:, today only a few examples survive. These few survivors are not cataloged and properly photographed. Thus, it is difficult to follow up with the current situation. One documented example of such destruction took place in the
727:
110:
538:
A large portion of khachkars, which were created in historic
Armenia and surrounding regions, in modern times are now located in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran. As a result of systematic eradication of khachkars in
574:
One source says that khachkars are being damaged, neglected, or moved in
Armenia. Reasons cited for moving these khachkars include; decoration, to create new holy places, or to make space for new burials.
751:
1592:
1066:
1221:
130:
1195:
1601:
883:"'Khatck'ar' Typical Armenian stone monument, comprising an upright slab (h. c. 1—3 m) carved with a cross design, usually set on a plinth or rectangular base. "
1585:
518:
Armenian khachkars have been acquired or donated to many museums or temporarily represented at significant exhibitions all around the world such as at the
692:
449:
429:, where an old graveyard with around 900 khachkars from various periods and of various styles can be seen. The largest number was formerly located at the
1707:
1578:
1555:
1026:
652:
1677:
610:. Only a few such designs are known, and most date from the late 13th century. One of the few such surviving khachkars today is located in the
1451:
625:
1687:
1076:
1171:
200:
49:
222:
1228:
1347:
1325:
1151:
1432:
1402:
1207:
795:
527:
672:
227:
1091:"1st Armenian cross-stone dedicated to memory of Armenian Genocide victims unveiled in Great Britain's spiritual center"
1090:
758:
313:
503:
According to one count, there are nearly 30 khachkars on public locations in France. Some 20 khachkars are located in
1539:
1133:
497:
434:
360:. The peak of the khachkar carving art was between the 12th and the 14th centuries. The art declined during the
1652:
552:
485:
916:
1113:
708:
1631:
Lavash, the preparation, meaning and appearance of traditional bread as an expression of culture in
Armenia
966:
960:
563:
smashed the khachkars with sledgehammers in
December 2005. The destruction of khachkars was despite a 2000
1570:
1697:
1203:
472:
There are hundreds of khachkars worldwide, many of which are memorials to commemorate the victims of the
361:
1702:
1034:
802:
548:
523:
430:
783:
815:
17:
771:
560:
493:
309:
1319:
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878:
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was in a graveyard. However, Armenian gravestones take many other forms, and only a minority are
1295:
1380:
1376:
1005:
1001:
821:
489:
215:
The famous 13th century
Armenian-inscribed double khachkars of the Memorial Bell-Tower of the
59:
1682:
1624:
305:
1181:
699:
659:
481:
8:
1523:
1282:
1176:
1118:
606:) is a particular type of khachkar in which on the cross is a depiction of the crucified
508:
348:
with a known date was carved in 879 (though earlier, cruder, examples exist). Erected in
249:. The remainder of the stone face is typically filled with elaborate patterns of leaves,
31:
1227:. The Armenian Church & Community in Ireland. April 2017. p. 3. Archived from
466:
357:
216:
1355:
1249:
1642:
1535:
1351:
637:
595:
568:
544:
473:
170:
158:
1452:"Monumental loss: Azerbaijan and 'the worst cultural genocide of the 21st century'"
582:
A khachkar behind the cathedral in
Echmiadzin, Armenia. Place of origin is unknown.
512:
422:
325:
242:
179:
1692:
1410:
1172:"Colorado Governor Unveils First State Capitol 'Khachkar' on Genocide Centennial"
847:
841:
477:
1625:
Performance of the
Armenian epic of 'Daredevils of Sassoun' or 'David of Sassoun
1433:"Historic Armenian monuments were obliterated. Some call it 'cultural genocide'"
1049:"The story behind the Medieval Armenian Cross that's now in the Vatican Museums"
1491:
955:
519:
1048:
199:
Since 2010, khachkars, their symbolism and craftsmanship are inscribed in the
1671:
1531:
1098:
1067:"The Canterbury Khachkar: A Historic Day in the Heart of the Anglican Church"
413:
A number of good examples have been transferred to the
Historical Museum in
1600:
1256:(in French). Association Culturelle Arménienne de Marne-la-Vallée (France).
981:
Armenian intellectuals blast 'barbaric' destruction of
Nakhchivan monuments
246:
193:
190:
1560:
296:
353:
254:
1648:
1469:
1137:
1094:
835:
611:
556:
438:
426:
418:
211:
1134:"Armenian khachkar unveiled at Sydney's St. Mary's Cathedral (PHOTO)"
917:"Armenian cross-stones art. Symbolism and craftsmanship of Khachkars"
567:
order demanding their protection, in what has been termed "the worst
402:
337:
100:
69:
476:. Khachkars have been placed in various locations, including at the
465:
The art of carving khachkars has witnessed a rebirth as a symbol of
1619:
Armenian cross-stones art. Symbolism and craftsmanship of Khachkars
1556:
Armenian cross-stones art. Symbolism and craftsmanship of Khachkars
1348:"World Watches In Silence As Azerbaijan Wipes Out Armenian Culture"
762:
715:
187:
42:
Armenian cross-stones art. Symbolism and craftsmanship of Khachkars
1152:"Colorado Governor Unveils America's First State Capitol Khachkar"
421:. The largest surviving collection of khachkars is in Armenia, at
1636:
1156:
1071:
829:
742:
683:
663:
458:
414:
392:
378:
366:
262:
82:
825:
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A modern khachkar at Sourp Kevork church- Beirut, Lebanon (2016)
30:"Kachkar" redirects here. For the mountain range in Turkey, see
1630:
738:
719:
644:
607:
564:
540:
504:
1612:
349:
266:
250:
238:
175:
174:, խաչ xačʿ "cross" + քար kʿar "stone") is a carved, memorial
320:
877:
The Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. —
733:
A modern Amenaprkich-type khatchkar with two others at the
578:
341:
178:
bearing a cross, and often with additional motifs such as
1565:
980:
958:(1983). "Ջուղայի գերեզմանատուն (The Cemetery of Jugha)".
1492:"Хачкар Айрапета и Ребекки (Всеспаситель) в Севанаванке"
1602:
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Armenia
850:- A hill in Lithuania covered with ornamental crosses.
1561:
Photos of 15th/16th CE khatchkars near Bitlis, Turkey
945:
Anatoli L. Yakobson. Armenian Khachkars, Moscow, 1986
1027:"Medieval Armenian cross-stone unveiled in Vatican"
818:- village in Turkey containing preserved khachkars
1669:
1643:Armenian letter art and its cultural expressions
336:appeared in the 9th century, during the time of
1320:"Azerbaijan: Famous Medieval Cemetery Vanishes"
936:"Armenian Khatchkars" (Editions Erebuni, 1978)
1586:
1403:"Azerbaijan 'flattened' sacred Armenian site"
991:. February 13, 2003. Retrieved April 16, 2007
844:- Monumental crosses used as open air pulpits
1443:
614:, which also depicts scenes from the Bible.
1658:Tradition of blacksmithing in Gyumri (2023)
1462:
201:UNESCO list of Intangible Cultural Heritage
1593:
1579:
1271:(in Polish). No. 48. 2021. p. 2.
58:
1196:"The Armenian Genocide Monument in Wales"
1114:"Armenian monument unveiled at cathedral"
1111:
1051:. ROME REPORTS in English. Mar 29, 2015.
973:
324:Khachkars appear in large numbers in the
257:, and bands of interlace. Occasionally a
1708:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
1489:
1424:
1112:Rodrigues, Marilyn (December 19, 2018).
954:
577:
448:
395:(see gallery), carved in 1273 by master
319:
295:
226:A 15th century khachkar at the Armenian
221:
210:
1522:
873:
871:
869:
533:
14:
1670:
1430:
1400:
559:has denied claims that members of the
27:Carved, memorial stele bearing a cross
1678:Monuments and memorials in Azerbaijan
1574:
1431:Womack, Catherine (7 November 2019).
1326:Institute for War and Peace Reporting
381:, carved in 1213, probably by master
169:
72:, carved in 1291 by the artist Poghos
1518:
1449:
866:
182:, interlaces, and botanical motifs.
1450:Sawa, Dale Berning (1 March 2019).
1033:. 20 September 2014. Archived from
280:The most common location for early
228:Cathedral of Saint James, Jerusalem
50:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
24:
1688:Monuments and memorials in Armenia
1566:Djulfa Virtual Memorial and Museum
1250:"Toponymie et Monuments arméniens"
1136:. 18 December 2018. Archived from
948:
759:Armenian Catholicossate of Cilicia
25:
1719:
1549:
1267:"Chaczkar stanął w Białymstoku".
526:or the Special Exhibition of the
1637:Kochari, traditional group dance
1512:
1055:from the original on 2021-12-22.
832:, decorated with Khachkar motifs
794:
782:
770:
750:
726:
707:
691:
671:
651:
636:
624:
507:, which is home to an important
1483:
1394:
1369:
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1312:
1300:
1289:
1275:
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1242:
1214:
1188:
1164:
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1083:
1075:. March 6, 2019. Archived from
1059:
1041:
1019:
498:Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
435:Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic
1653:St. Thaddeus Apostle Monastery
1401:Castle, Stephen (2006-05-30).
1180:. May 15, 2015. Archived from
1097:. 5 March 2019. Archived from
994:
939:
930:
909:
896:
887:
457:carver's workshop in downtown
391:The Holy Redeemer khachkar in
340:revival after liberation from
206:
13:
1:
854:
1354:. 2006-05-25. Archived from
1324:Caucasus Reporting Service,
967:Armenian Academy of Sciences
961:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
904:The Origins of Christian Art
859:
838:- Monumental Celtic crosses.
528:National Museum of Ethnology
425:on the western shore of the
417:and beside the cathedral in
7:
1204:Armenian National Institute
989:BBC Monitoring Central Asia
881:, 2012. — Vol. 2. — P. 222.
824:- a 17th-century church in
809:
486:St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney
405:, carved in 1291 by master
352:, it is dedicated to queen
10:
1724:
1309:Armenian Art, Paris, 1978.
803:Metropolitan Museum of Art
617:
549:Armenian Cemetery in Jugha
524:Metropolitan Museum of Art
444:
431:Armenian cemetery in Julfa
291:
29:
1608:
1296:British Museum Collection
757:A modern khackhar at the
599:
162:
129:
121:
116:
106:
96:
88:
78:
57:
46:
41:
1283:"Khachkar (Stone Cross)"
1222:"Service of Remembrance"
586:
561:Azerbaijani Armed Forces
494:Temple of Peace, Cardiff
111:Europe and North America
1496:Vahe Martirosyan's blog
1490:vahemart (2012-01-25).
1377:"Tragedy on the Araxes"
1002:"Tragedy on the Araxes"
919:. UNESCO Culture Sector
879:Oxford University Press
300:Two 16th century Julfa
1470:"Endangered Khachkars"
893:Thierry, cover sleeve.
822:Trei Ierarhi Monastery
583:
571:of the 21st century."
490:Colorado State Capitol
469:in the 20th century.
462:
329:
317:
230:
219:
186:are characteristic of
1234:on 14 November 2017.
1200:armenian-genocide.org
698:Various khachkars at
581:
452:
323:
312:graveyard before its
299:
265:sometimes containing
225:
214:
1524:Thierry, Jean-Michel
1210:on 28 February 2019.
700:Makaravank Monastery
660:Haghartsin Monastery
612:Sevanavank monastery
555:. The government of
534:Endangered khachkars
484:'s memorial garden,
482:Canterbury Cathedral
269:or saintly figures.
171:[χɑtʃʰˈkʰɑɾ]
155:Armenian cross-stone
1613:Duduk and its music
1534:: Harry N. Abrams.
1177:The Armenian Weekly
1119:The Catholic Weekly
356:, the wife of king
308:, removed from the
261:is surmounted by a
117:Inscription history
1698:Monumental crosses
735:Sourp Nshan Church
584:
509:Armenian community
500:, and elsewhere.
463:
330:
318:
231:
220:
217:Dadivank Monastery
125:2010 (5th session)
1703:Christian symbols
1665:
1664:
1407:Belfast Telegraph
1352:The Art Newspaper
1307:Der Nersessian S.
789:Armenian Khachkar
777:Armenian Khachkar
569:cultural genocide
545:Armenian Genocide
474:Armenian genocide
358:Ashot I Bagratuni
344:rule. The oldest
147:(also spelled as
139:
138:
16:(Redirected from
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1409:. Archived from
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1329:. April 19, 2006
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1206:. Archived from
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1142:
1141:
1140:on 21 June 2019.
1130:
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1101:on 5 March 2019.
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1079:on 4 April 2019.
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530:, Osaka, Japan.
513:Late Middle Ages
467:Armenian culture
423:Noraduz cemetery
326:Noratus cemetery
233:The most common
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62:
39:
38:
32:Kaçkar Mountains
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1254:acam-france.org
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1160:. May 15, 2015.
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1037:on 2 July 2019.
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956:Aivazian, Argam
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848:Hill of Crosses
842:Preaching cross
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478:Vatican Museums
447:
362:Mongol invasion
332:The first true
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28:
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1550:External links
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969:. p. 550.
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520:British Museum
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401:A khachkar in
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316:by Azerbaijan.
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241:surmounting a
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135:Representative
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1513:Other sources
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1472:. Khachkar.am
1471:
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1438:
1434:
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1413:on 2018-05-14
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1358:on 2006-09-11
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