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429:, prince of Kediri and one of Singhasari's most powerful vassals rebelled against his overlord. With the bulk of the Javanese army in campaign overseas and Singasari's defense weakened, Jayakatwang seized his chance and launched a coup against Kertanagara. He launched a diversionary attack to northern East Java, where his troops drew the remaining Singhasari troops left on the island away from the capital. With Kutaraja, the Singhasari capital defenseless, Jayakatwang attacked the capital city unnoticed from the mountainous southern region.
586:
539:, since this inscription was discovered near this temple. It seems that Gajah Mada specifically held the late king Kertanagara in high esteem and pay special tribute even 58 years after his death, which led for historian to suggests a possible link between them. Nevertheless, both men are known for their aspiration to unify the Nusantara archipelago.
241:
Kertanagara was the fifth ruler of
Singasari and was the son of the previous king, Wisnuwardhana (r. 1248–1268). He effectively held power from 1254 and officially succeeded his father when the latter died in 1268. The Singasari dynasty had come to power in Java following the overthrow of the
463:
to overthrow
Jayakatwang. Wijaya then betrayed his Mongol allies, who were exhausted after the war, drove them from Java and established Majapahit as one of the greatest empires to arise from within the area covered by the modern territory of Indonesia.
304:
Singhasari reached the height of its power during
Kertanagara's rule, which saw the dramatic expansion of Javanese power into Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, and Bali. He extended Javanese involvement in the lucrative
391:
and submission to the Yuan dynasty. Kertanagara took grave offense to the request and arrested the envoys. He branded their faces, cut their ears and sent them back to China with disfigured faces.
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as a unified region was not invented by Gajah Mada in 1336, but was first coined by
Kertanagara in Mula Malurung inscription dated 1255. Furthermore, in 1275, the term
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mean "island". Kertanagara envisioned the union of
Southeast Asian maritime kingdoms and polities under Singhasari as a bulwark against the rise of the expansionist
535:
dedicated to King
Kertanagara that died in 1214 Saka (1292 CE). The temple mentioned in this inscription most possibly refer to the syncretic Shivaist-Buddhist
45:
574:
of China. It is very possible that Gajah Mada has made
Kertanagara a role model and took his idea as a political inspiration to unify the archipelago.
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Knowing that the
Mongols would send a military expedition to punish him, Kertanagara tried to solidify his power. Around 1290, he launched the
417:
Kublai Khan ordered that a strong punitive naval expedition be launched against the remote equatorial islands to punish
Kertanagara in 1292.
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In the meantime, Kertanagara had dominated all of Java, but before the Mongol fleet arrived, a dramatic political change occurred.
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was used by him to describe the aspiration of united
Southeast Asian archipelago under Singhasari and marked the beginning of his
1040:
1030:
443:, who fled to Madura Island, where he was sheltered by its regent, Arya Viraraja. Vijaya then established himself in the lower
229:, reigning from 1268 to 1292. Under his rule Javanese trade and power developed considerably, reaching the far corners of the
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to achieve it. Dvipantara is a Sanskrit word for the "islands in between", making it a synonym to Nusantara as both
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280:. Kertanagara celebrated many religious festivals and commissioned sculptures and metal plaques during his reign.
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in May or June 1292. Jayakatwang then declared himself ruler of Java and king of the restored Kediri Kingdom.
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ruler with territorial ambitions that extended beyond the island of Java. In 1284, he subjected nearby
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became the greatest king of Majapahit, which under his rule became one of the greatest empires in
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had established its presence, and it already entertained cordial relationships with Yuan China.
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Among the few surviving relatives of Kertanagara was his son-in-law,
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Kertanagara was killed along with many courtiers in his palace in
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to vassalage. Kertanagara managed to form an alliance with
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Kinney, Ann R.; Klokke, Marijke J.; Kieven, Lydia (2003).
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221:(died 1292), was the last and most important ruler of the
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Introduction to Asia: History, Culture, and Civilization
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Worshiping Siva and Buddha: The Temple Art of East Java
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Kertanagara had no male heir, but through his daughter
410:. Jambi was one of the first Indonesian polities where
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166:Shri Maharaja Kertanagara Vikrama Dharmatunggadeva
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513:In 1273 Saka or corresponds to the year 1351 CE,
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525:to commemorate the construction of a funerary
355:also offered their submission to Kertanagara.
296:presented by Kertanagara of Singhasari to the
969:Indonesia...from ancient times to middle ages
483:. His daughter Gayatri and his granddaughter
406:in the south, one of the successor states to
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328:, another dominant state in Southeast Asia.
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253:Kertanagara was a follower of a mystical
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783:The Javanese Candi: Function and Meaning
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811:"Siapa Sebenarnya Kakek Gajah Mada?"
335:succeeded in gaining control of the
860:Wahyono Suroto Kusumoprojo (2009).
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502:Kertanagara was later eulogized as
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815:Historia - Obrolan Perempuan Urban
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735:. University of California Press.
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731:Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times
491:of Majapahit. His great-grandson
56:the embodiment of Kertanagara as
915:Irapta, Angelina Chavez (2005).
842:(in Indonesian). 18 January 2022
708:Kinney, Klokke & Kieven 2003
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942:. University of Hawaii Press.
900:. University of Hawaii Press.
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680:. University of Hawaii Press.
371:sought to extend its power in
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1031:13th-century monarchs in Asia
964:Timeline of Indonesia history
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1021:Indonesian Buddhist monarchs
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836:"Kertanagara dan Nusantara"
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16:Last ruler of Singhasari
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331:Late in his reign, the
921:. Rex Bookstore, Inc.
461:oncoming Mongol troops
459:Raden Wijaya used the
343:and hegemony over the
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231:Indonesian archipelago
786:. BRILL. p. 78.
780:R., Soekmono (1995).
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115:Kingdom of Singhasari
866:. PT Mizan Publika.
600:History of Indonesia
396:Pamalayu expedition
387:to Java, demanding
333:Pamalayu expedition
639:. ABC-CLIO. 2004.
508:Wurare Inscription
379:, the grandson of
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1036:Buddhist monarchs
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995:Succeeded by
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873:978-979-3603-94-0
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646:978-1-57607-770-2
537:Singhasari temple
517:the Mahapatih of
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347:. Other areas in
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385:ambassadors
383:, sent his
377:Kublai Khan
307:spice trade
225:kingdom of
215:Kritanagara
160:Regnal name
111:Jawi Temple
82:Predecessor
77:1268 – 1292
54:Jawi Temple
22:Kertanagara
1010:Categories
992:1268–1292
846:2022-01-19
821:2019-01-08
616:References
552:Dvipantara
548:Cakravala
531:or burial
515:Gajah Mada
504:Mahaksobya
434:Singhasari
375:. In 1289
365:Song China
294:Amoghapasa
258:syncretism
237:Background
223:Singhasari
219:Sivabuddha
137:Tribhuvana
107:Singhasari
68:Singhasari
46:Joko Dolog
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605:Pararaton
544:Nusantara
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449:Majapahit
408:Srivijaya
309:with the
284:Conquests
242:previous
894:(1968).
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674:(1968).
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262:Hinduism
248:Ken Arok
66:King of
50:Surabaya
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187:Father
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102:Burial
58:Buddha
570:-led
560:dvipa
412:Islam
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274:Shiva
217:, or
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131:Issue
74:Reign
52:from
988:Java
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682:ISBN
641:ISBN
564:nusa
562:and
351:and
322:Bali
276:and
264:and
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94:Died
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