334:
286:: this was in part to differentiate it from the increasingly autonomous 'Great Wardrobe' (see below), but it also reflects the fact that the wardrobe was by now losing its wider influence. In England, its business was restricted now to Household administration; and although it retained greater influence when accompanying the King and Court overseas, it did so only as a subsidiary arm of the Exchequer. (Likewise at times of war it remained an important source of funds but operated under the authority of the Exchequer, in contrast to earlier times when it had functioned as a largely independent 'war treasury'; the
109:
441:
31:
490:
367:) first appears in 1253. The older Wardrobe had, by this time, developed into a sophisticated bureaucratic and financial office, and its staff had less time (or inclination) to be occupied with the day-to-day matters of storekeeping. Nevertheless, storekeeping remained a practical necessity as the Wardrobe, along with the rest of the royal household, continued to travel with the King as part of his Court, accompanied by the goods and chattels for which it was responsible. It clearly made sense for at least some of these items to be kept in a more settled location.
136:) would be provided for storage of clothes and other valuables. In the royal household, the Chamber came to represent the king's nearest advisers. Before long the Wardrobe emerged, under the auspices of the Chamber, to become an administrative body in its own right, providing secure storage for the robes, treasures, archives and armaments of the king. Like other offices of the household it was an itinerant operation: carts and cases containing valuables travelled with the King and his court as they moved from place to place around the realm.
456:) from the 1220s onwards. To begin with, the phrase appears to indicate a room (or type of room) used to store the King's robes, armour and arms. By the end of the 13th century, the same phrase clearly refers to a small organisation headed by a Clerk, within the main Wardrobe, which would travel with the Court and furnish the king with these and other personal items. The itinerant Privy Wardrobe continued to operate and to provide for the King on his travels, even when the Court as a whole had ceased to be mobile (it was later known as the
351:
items. What all these items had in common was that they were more or less non-perishable and could be stored long-term if not required for immediate use; the Great
Wardrobe originated as the department of the King's Wardrobe which was primarily concerned with the storage of such items when not required by the itinerant Court. Part of its distinctiveness, from an early date, was its employment of city merchants and specialist craftsmen, who better knew the particulars of these commodities than did the Wardrobe
325:(rather than as "Treasurer/Controller/Cofferer of the Household Wardrobe"). Despite this gradual demise of the Wardrobe, these three officers remained (and two of them still remain) as senior officers of the Household who are also members of the Government. A vestige of the Wardrobe's former significance is seen in the 15th century, when in time of conflict the Treasurer of the Household was also frequently appointed 'Treasurer of Wars'.
1632:
473:
Tower itself was strategically well-placed for fast distribution. Already in the 1330s, prior to the departure of the Great
Wardrobe, the local 'Privy Wardrobe at the Tower' had begun to specialize in this work, and after 1361 it, in turn, took on a degree of financial and administrative independence (becoming directly accountable to the Exchequer rather than the royal household). It was superseded in the mid-15th century by the
83:, responsible only for expenditure on such things as clothing, textiles, furs and spices, split away from the more senior Wardrobe, which remained responsible for financing the king's personal expenditure and his military operations. In addition there were smaller Privy Wardrobes at various royal palaces; most of these provided items for the personal use of the King when in residence, but the
1028:
distinctively secretarial flavour. Under Edward I the
Controller was custodian of the Privy Seal and functioned as the King's private secretary; meanwhile his small department of clerks played a key part in the administrative oversight of the entire Household. By the end of the reign of Edward III this important court official was known as Controller of the Household.
513:) and for other children of the sovereign over successive reigns. Furthermore, several Peers, Bishops and others set up and maintained their own personal Wardrobes along similar lines to that of the monarch in the 13th-15th centuries; the wardrobe accounts of some reveal levels of household (and military) expenditure to rival that of contemporary royalty.
215:, the Wardrobe was at the height of its power as a financial, administrative and military department of the Household and State. It was "the brain and hand of the Court". Its seal, the Privy Seal, no longer functioned solely as the personal seal of the King, but began to serve as a second, and somewhat less formal, State seal alongside the
184:(which had first come into use within the Chamber). This meant that the Wardrobe, which already served as a repository of important documents and Charters, began producing them as well; and thenceforward its Controller tended to be an important and trusted adviser to the king. With these developments, a third official, the
309:, the Chamber had re-established its seniority within the Household, and the Wardrobe then 'ceased to be the directive force of the household, remaining simply as the office of household accounts'. Rather than being a separate department, the Wardrobe and its officers now came under the authority of the
195:
has speculated that a reason for the
Wardrobe's increasing influence was its "new and elastic" nature: it was not hidebound by restrictive traditions or customary ways of working. Moreover, it was able to respond quickly in times when speedy expenditure was required β most especially in time of war β
1274:
As early as the 1220s certain persons are identified as having a specialised role as 'buyer' or 'purveyor' within the King's
Wardrobe, and keeping their own accounts. Often the King's tailor had this task (which involved purchase of silk, cloth, furs and the like for robes). A Household Ordinance of
1255:
when the
Treasurer was otherwise engaged with affairs of state (as was often the case); thus the Cofferer came to be seen as, in effect, the working head of the Wardrobe, acting on the Treasurer's behalf. In his own right he oversaw a small accounting office, staffed by the 'clerks of the Cofferer',
395:
By the fourteenth century the Great
Wardrobe had branched into manufacturing (in addition to its duties of purchase, storage and distribution of non-perishable goods) and numbered the King's Tailor, Armourer, Pavilioner and Confectioner among its officials. Nevertheless, it still remained in essence
234:
The
Wardrobe was still at this point an itinerant operation, but it did maintain two permanent 'Treasuries': one in the Tower of London (forerunner of the Great Wardrobe β see below), and one in the crypt of the Chapter House of Westminster Abbey. It was the latter that served as the main repository
75:
for much of its history; in addition, however, the wardrobe treasure of gold and jewels enabled the king to make secret and rapid payments to fund his diplomatic and military operations, and for a time, in the 13th-14th centuries, it eclipsed the
Exchequer as the chief spending department of central
1623:
was a position in the
British Royal Household, the chief subordinate to the Master of the Great Wardrobe. Holders enjoyed a salary of Β£200 (fixed in 1674), reduced to Β£150 in 1761. The post seems to have developed into a sinecure, and by 1765, the office of Assistant to the Deputy Master had become
370:
The 'Great Wardrobe' was the name given to this more centralised system of storage; initially, however, there was no single Great Wardrobe location. A majority of items were stored in the Tower of London (London having proved to be the most convenient point of distribution), but others were stored
472:
had become well established as a convenient and safe place for storage of arms and armour, jewels and plate; so when the Great Wardrobe departed these items stayed put. Arms had been manufactured within the Tower since the previous century; the local wardrobe staff had valuable experience and the
382:
Throughout the 13th century the Great Wardrobe remained a subsidiary operation within the more senior Wardrobe; and despite the above-mentioned moves toward greater centralisation, the officers of the Great Wardrobe continued to travel with the Court at this time. If the King was due to stay in a
350:
The Great Wardrobe dealt with a variety of commodities ranging from cloth, tapestries, clothing, and furniture to sugar, spices, dried fruit, and pepper; and it later became a repository (and indeed manufactory) of jewellery and other treasures, tents, saddles, bridles, armour, and other military
90:
By the 15th century the Wardrobe had lost much of its earlier influence, and it eventually merged entirely into the Household and lost its separate identity. At the same time, the Great Wardrobe began to be referred to, more simply, as "the Wardrobe", to some extent taking on the identity of its
575:
emerged as the preferred title. As such, according to an ordinance of 1279, he had charge of the King's expenses (and those of his family), was entrusted with receipt of all money, jewels and presents made to the King, and was responsible for keeping a daily account of all transactions of the
1027:
of the Wardrobe accounts; he went on to have responsibility for checking financial compliance and quality control across various departments of the Household. The office dates from the 1230s. The Controller also had charge of the Wardrobe's archive of state documents, which gave his office a
407:
Arms and armour remained at the Tower, as did the royal jewels and other valuable items, but much else was moved out. From around 1300 the Great Wardrobe had begun to rent properties in the City to provide extra storage and office space. It made use of a series of properties, including in
164:'s constant travelling of the realm, which required a more immediate source of funds than the fixed Exchequer. The Wardrobe first rivalled, and then eclipsed the Chamber in terms of power within the Court and in relation to the governance of the realm. Thus we see, early in the reign of
404:(its staff necessarily had regular dealings with the City's merchants). This was in part due to lack of space: the Tower was becoming a specialist store and manufacturing base for arms and armour (responsibility for which soon devolved upon a new branch, the Privy Wardrobe β see below).
1730:
In July 1323, John Fleet was appointed 'Keeper of the part of the King's Wardrobe in the Tower of London'. This, apparently the first such appointment, marked a key stage in the development of the Privy Wardrobe there into a repository and manufactory of arms, armour and artillery.
341:
In the course of the 13th century a distinct organisation began to be identified within the Wardrobe: it came to be known (rather confusingly) as the Great Wardrobe (the word 'Great' referring perhaps to the size of items being stored, not to the importance of the office).
371:
elsewhere according to where they might be needed: indeed, several palaces and castles had their own Great Wardrobe storerooms (some of these were designed for storage of specific items, being located close to a place of specialized manufacture or trade; for example, the
383:
place for any length of time (or, indeed, if he was engaged on a military campaign at home or abroad) it remained necessary for many of the Great Wardrobe's items to be transported with him in long convoys of wagons (described in the wardrobe accounts as "
151:
the king's Wardrobe is identified as a 'place of safe deposit' with its own staff, and its own premises within various royal palaces or strongholds; there remained, however, a good deal of functional overlap between the Chamber and the Wardrobe.
516:
In the later 14th century, when the King's court was less mobile, several small separate Wardrobes were established in castles or palaces used by the Royal Family, each with their own keeper. A 16th-century Household inventory from the reign of
207:
put it, "If one officeβ¦was secured by the baronial opposition, the King could dive underground and still govern the country through the Wardrobe": hence the baronial demand in 1258 that all money should in future go through the Exchequer.
293:
With the Wardrobe under increasing scrutiny, the King began to look to the erstwhile-dormant Chamber as providing a more effective structure for overseeing his personal administration and finances. It is there that the beginnings of a
196:
and with a flexibility which suited both the monarch and the nascent powers of English government. It did so largely by securing loans, on the basis of its valuable assets and treasures, from Italian bankers (the Riccardi and the
460:). The central Privy Wardrobe at the Tower of London, however, took on a new identity, and rose in prominence and power, becoming the main official repository and provider of arms, armour and ordnance in the Kingdom of England.
505:); her Wardrobe had a high degree of autonomy, and accounted directly to the Exchequer; later Queens' Wardrobes were more likely to be subsidiary departments of the King's Wardrobe. A Prince's Wardrobe was established for
1248:
originated in the late 13th century when the Treasurer/Keeper's chief clerk took on particular responsibility for drafting the Wardrobe accounts. Working closely with the Treasurer, the Cofferer usually served as
481:(both also based at the Tower), whereupon the Privy Wardrobe's funding ceased and it largely faded from influence (though it continued to have a nominal role until the latter part of the same century).
432:. With its permanent establishment in these headquarters, the Great Wardrobe may be considered to have become less a part of the King's Household and more "a small, self-contained government office".
227:(the two main offices of State outside the Household); those serving in the armed forces were paid through the Wardrobe accounts. The Keeper or Treasurer of the Wardrobe was considered (alongside the
428:, provided not only storage, office and meeting rooms, but lodgings for staff, a residence for the Keeper and space for several small manufactories. The nearby parish church is known to this day as
57:. Originally the room where the king's clothes, armour, and treasure were stored, the term was expanded to describe both its contents and the department of clerks who ran it. Early in the reign of
2238:, the Costume Society, 1980. Items of clothing and jewels lost or given away by Elizabeth I between 1561 and 1583, entered in one of the day books kept for the records of the Wardrobe of Robes.
91:
forebear; but in the sixteenth century the Great Wardrobe lost its independence (it continued in existence as a subsidiary department within the Royal Household until it was abolished by the
259:
appointed; over the next few decades the Privy Seal developed into a minor office of state, operating alongside the Office of Chancery, outside both Wardrobe and Household. Then in 1311 a
313:, and before long, even within the Household, the Wardrobe began to lose its separate identity: by the late 14th century, its senior officers were more often than not referred to as the
1698:
1686:
2905:
1275:
1279 formalised the arrangement, ordaining that the Treasurer (Keeper) of the Wardrobe should appoint a man to buy all items appertaining to the Great Wardrobe, "and let this man be
497:
Other members of the Royal Family had their own separate wardrobes, which (like the King's Wardrobe) were departments staffed by clerks. The first known Queen's Wardrobe was that of
219:. (The fact that the Privy Seal invariably travelled with the King and his Court often made it quicker and easier to use than the Great Seal, which remained in the custody of the
1680:
298:
are seen under Edward II, alongside a 'secret seal' which the King now used for personal correspondence in place of the Privy Seal; and under Edward II and Edward III the chief
255:, concerted efforts were made to reassert traditional rights of the Chancery and the Exchequer, and to limit the authority of the Wardrobe. For example, 1307 saw a separate
87:
in the Tower of London came to specialize in the storage and manufacture of armour and armaments, and as such it too developed into an autonomous department of the State.
400:
rather than to the Wardrobe of the Household. It also began to travel less with the King's Court, and, significantly, began to put down roots outside the Tower in the
559:(to handle the horses), porters (to handle the goods) and other workers. As the Wardrobe grew, both in size and sophistication, a larger number of clerks (who were
3155:
2307:
1349:
235:
for the royal jewels, plate, coin and bullion through the 13th century; but, following the burglary of the contents of this Treasury in 1303 by a certain
267:
over recent Wardrobe innovations; for example, ordinance 8 insisted that the Exchequer alone was to receive taxes and other state revenue. Later, under
3165:
3091:
1586:
425:
571:
was merged into the keepership, the terms Keeper, Treasurer and (still) Clerk were used more or less interchangeably; but in the reign of Edward II
1823:
251:
Toward the end of Edward's reign, a series of costly wars took their toll on the Wardrobe's hitherto independent means. Then, during the reign of
769:
223:). It was by letters authenticated by this seal that officials across the Kingdom received their instructions, as did both the Exchequer and the
3175:
2253:
A study of the clothing of Queen Elizabeth I, based on portraits, surviving inventories of the Wardrobe of Robes, and other original documents.
279:
in the mid-fourteenth century, effected a number of reforms which brought the Wardrobe firmly under the financial oversight of the Exchequer.
2488:
1830:
92:
424:; and there it was to remain for the next three centuries. The property, a mansion set in its own grounds, which had formerly belonged to
1574:
2686:
2633:
1592:
396:
a sub-department of the Household Wardrobe up until 1324, whereupon it gained significant autonomy by being made accountable to the
3134:
2385:
2350:
2300:
416:, all the while retaining foothold in the Tower. Then, in 1362 it obtained a more suitable property (which itself became known as
2980:
1598:
1523:
239:(who was assisted by some of the abbey's monks), the bulk of the remaining treasure was removed to the Tower (including items of
2728:
2638:
2316:
994:
54:
17:
3119:
2824:
2819:
1604:
1529:
1415:
1550:
1538:
702:
1639:
271:, any ongoing conflicts over the confusion of authority between the wardrobe and the exchequer were finally resolved when
2965:
2643:
2526:
2293:
1710:
1580:
1568:
290:
and its aftermath was the last period of military campaigning for which the Wardrobe itself provided significant funds.)
2075:
2878:
2723:
2600:
2439:
1556:
1544:
3020:
2335:
2250:
1562:
1481:
940:
3170:
3101:
2758:
2718:
985:
976:
762:
2753:
1517:
1505:
1279:". By the 16th century the department had gained a great deal of independence, and its keeper began to be styled
901:
375:
was required to maintain a storehouse for items purchased by the Wardrobe from the famous cloth market at nearby
3160:
2939:
2211:
1406:
2285:
3061:
3005:
2975:
2691:
2681:
2444:
1860:
946:
691:
67:
to become the chief administrative and accounting department of the Household. The Wardrobe received regular
563:
skilled in administration) were employed, and the chief official came to be distinguished with the title of
333:
2713:
2480:
2372:
1762:
1752:
1232:
318:
2276:
Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: the Wardrobe, the Chamber and the Small Seals
2895:
2890:
2648:
2628:
2279:
1085:
779:
684:
1256:
who went on to play a key role in the financial oversight of the Household; this was a precursor to the
3051:
3015:
2733:
2671:
2367:
2264:
1007:
314:
224:
3124:
2995:
2790:
2554:
2465:
1264:
429:
322:
139:
Prior to the 13th century references to the Wardrobe and its keepers are few. The 10th-century King
2970:
2922:
2885:
2738:
2676:
2658:
2549:
2355:
1499:
1439:
1112:
731:
568:
3096:
3025:
2834:
2521:
1130:
376:
216:
79:
There were in fact two main Wardrobes for much of this period: around 1300 the confusingly named
2227:
108:
2990:
2934:
2852:
2829:
2498:
2207:
1643:
413:
147:(robe-keepers), which may suggest that these were persons of some importance. By the reign of
3129:
3086:
2618:
2570:
632:
306:
268:
30:
2814:
2541:
2505:
2449:
1865:
1257:
883:
800:
552:
518:
506:
502:
384:
252:
165:
161:
58:
43:
1850:
1625: Theobald Pears (Keeper of the Wardrobe at Richmond, after his father Stephen Pears).
525:), the Removing Wardrobe (see Privy Wardrobe above), and the still-extant Great Wardrobe.
489:
264:
160:
After 1200, however, the Wardrobe grew in activity and in prestige, partly as a result of
8:
3035:
2949:
2944:
2929:
2873:
2666:
2575:
2345:
1433:
720:
706:
498:
421:
276:
212:
148:
3107:
3010:
2845:
2580:
2531:
1844:
1737:
1116:
864:
751:
636:
478:
440:
260:
240:
188:, began to take increasing responsibility for the day-to-day business of the Wardrobe.
287:
2610:
2394:
2246:
1692:
1493:
1487:
1340:
874:
623:
610:
599:
457:
236:
2005:
1975:
3081:
3068:
3056:
3000:
2705:
2623:
2585:
2330:
1421:
1387:
1147:
1137:
1106:
1081:
958:
822:
775:
758:
695:
603:
592:
299:
272:
3114:
2868:
2411:
2399:
2258:
2213:
Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 11 (revised) - Court Officers, 1660-1837
1369:
1309:
1169:
1099:
816:
671:
652:
643:
617:
585:
474:
469:
256:
220:
204:
121:
556:
521:
lists thirteen such local wardrobes, along with a distinct 'Wardrobe of Robes' (
2900:
2745:
2701:
2595:
2590:
2421:
2315:
1356:
1324:
1165:
1126:
1095:
1067:
840:
747:
716:
667:
417:
401:
372:
200:). In this way the Wardrobe became an independently powerful financial office.
128:
In the Middle Ages persons of wealth and power often slept in a chamber (Latin
1954:
3149:
3030:
2805:
2493:
2470:
2360:
1717:
The post was abolished with the other offices of the Great Wardrobe in 1782.
1611:
The post was abolished with the other offices of the Great Wardrobe in 1782.
1074:
790:
727:
337:
Wardrobe Place in the City of London, built on the site of the Great Wardrobe
263:
were issued by barons opposed to the King, a number of which reasserted the
2985:
2416:
2404:
2340:
2232:
1782:
1457:
1251:
1173:
786:
310:
228:
68:
2271:
1788:
1511:
1024:
1023:
was to check and control the Keeper/Treasurer's expenditure by keeping a
913:
448:
housed a branch of the King's Privy Wardrobe at the Palace of Westminster
445:
295:
203:
There was however also a political dimension to the Wardrobe's rise. As
197:
63:
47:
2062:
Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: volume III
970:
192:
181:
27:
Department of the king's household in medieval and early modern England
2007:
Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: volume II
1941:
Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: volume IV
302:
began to re-emerge as a key person of influence within the Household.
3074:
2839:
1977:
Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England: volume I
1837:
510:
409:
397:
231:) to be one of the two chief officers of the Household at this time.
72:
1402:
1412: Thomas Ringwood (later made High Sheriff of Wiltshire in 1419)
463:
555:, who oversaw a small department of carters (to handle the carts),
282:
It was around this time that the Wardrobe began to be known as the
2906:
High Constables and Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse
50:
34:
Remains of the 12th-century Wardrobe Tower at the Tower of London
2178:. Vol. II. Cambridge: Secker & Warburg. pp. 28β29.
1179:
1335β1337 Edmund de la Beche (afterwards Keeper of the Wardrobe)
560:
140:
113:
2157:
528:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
1899:. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
1813:
No further appointments were made to this office after 1476.
1182:
1337β1338 William Norwell (afterwards Keeper of the Wardrobe)
538:
493:
Building known as The Wardrobe on the site of Richmond Palace
352:
1286:
1191:
1342β1344 Walter Wetwang (afterwards Keeper of the Wardrobe)
2317:
Royal Household in England, Scotland and the United Kingdom
1152:
1328β1329 Thomas Garton (afterwards Keeper of the Wardrobe)
2134:
143:
bequeathed substantial sums of money in his will to his
2208:"Independent Sub-departments: Great Wardrobe 1660-1782"
1614:
543:
The chief officer of the Wardrobe was initially termed
2188:
Joseph Lemuel Chester, 'Pears or Pierce of Richmond',
390:
243:, such as are still stored at the Tower to this day).
98:
61:
the Wardrobe emerged out of the fragmentation of the
358:
176:. At around the same time the Keeper's deputy (the
435:
328:
2128:Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII
464:Specialisation of the Privy Wardrobe at the Tower
3147:
1725:
103:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
3092:Armour-Bearer and Squire of His Majesty's Body
2174:Namier, Sir Lewis; Brooke, John, eds. (1985).
132:), alongside which a secure room or wardrobe (
2301:
1816:
1014:
3156:Positions within the British Royal Household
2489:Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood
2173:
1879:
93:Civil List and Secret Service Money Act 1782
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2022:The Community of the Realm in 13thC England
1575:William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington
1352:(later made Baron of the Exchequer in 1354)
1239:
533:
529:Lists of the Chief Officers of the Wardrobe
155:
2687:Master of the Children of the Chapel Royal
2634:Apothecary to the Household at Sandringham
2308:
2294:
1847:(Keeper of the Wardrobe at East Greenwich)
1826:(Keeper of the Wardrobe at East Greenwich)
1605:Thomas Pelham, 2nd Baron Pelham of Stanmer
539:Clerk, Keeper or Treasurer of the Wardrobe
3166:Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom
1894:
1593:Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer
1287:Keepers and Masters of the Great Wardrobe
2245:, Leeds: W. S. Maney and Son Ltd, 1988.
2089:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
488:
439:
332:
107:
29:
2981:Official Harpist to the Prince of Wales
2260:The Receipt of the Exchequer, 1377-1485
2205:
2167:
2161:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1840:(Keeper of the Wardrobe at Westminster)
1599:John Ashburnham, 2nd Earl of Ashburnham
1587:Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Gower
1524:Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex
172:annexed to (and taken over by) that of
14:
3148:
2639:Apothecary to the Household at Windsor
2382:Other great officers of the Household
1868:, burgled the king's wardrobe in 1303.
246:
3176:Political history of medieval England
3120:Gentleman Usher to the Sword of State
2780:Keeper (or Treasurer) of the Wardrobe
2351:His Majesty's Representative at Ascot
2289:
2256:
2110:
1530:William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh
1269:
591:1222β1232: Walter of Brackley (later
452:Mention is made of a Privy Wardrobe (
345:
2515:Master of the Household's Department
2190:Miscellanea genealogica et heraldica
2125:
2059:
2053:
2003:
1984:
1973:
1960:
1938:
1903:
1833:(Keeper of the Wardrobe at Richmond)
1626:
1615:Deputy Masters of the Great Wardrobe
1551:Richard Graham, 1st Viscount Preston
683:1272β1274: Philip Willoughby (later
2966:Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom
2729:Surveyor of the King's Works of Art
2527:Master of the Household of Scotland
2243:Queen Elizabeth's Wardrobe Unlock'd
2048:A New Dictionary of British History
1621:Deputy Master of the Great Wardrobe
1140:(afterwards Keeper of the Wardrobe)
1077:(afterwards Keeper of the Wardrobe)
1070:(afterwards Keeper of the Wardrobe)
391:Diversification in the 14th century
120:(robe-keepers) (15th-century copy,
24:
2879:Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard
2459:Privy Purse and Treasurer's Office
2440:Private Secretary to the Sovereign
2221:
2076:"The History of Parliament online"
1557:Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu
1399:1408β1412: Richard Clifford junior
1051:?1257β1261 John of Sutton (acting)
1019:The primary responsibility of the
484:
99:The King's (or Household) Wardrobe
25:
3187:
3021:Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland
2336:Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
2331:Lord Chamberlain of the Household
1736:1323β1344 John Fleet (afterwards
1563:John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu
1231:For subsequent appointments, see
1006:For subsequent appointments, see
941:John Stourton, 1st Baron Stourton
648:1255β1257: Artaud of Saint-Romain
359:Establishment in the 13th century
3102:Field Officer in Brigade Waiting
2644:Coroner of the Queen's Household
1630:
1396:1399β1408: William Livened, Esq.
1327:(later Archbishop of Canterbury)
1224:1381β1397 Sir Baldwin Raddington
763:Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield
2724:Surveyor of the King's Pictures
2324:Great officers of the Household
2257:Steel, Anthony Bedford (1954),
2192:, 3 (London, 1880), pp. 71, 73.
2182:
2176:The House of Commons, 1754β1790
2119:
2068:
1518:James Hay, 1st Earl of Carlisle
1506:George Home, 1st Earl of Dunbar
1393:1398β1399: John de Macclesfield
628:1236β1240: Geoffrey the Templar
436:Emergence of the Privy Wardrobe
329:Emergence of the Great Wardrobe
116:, AD 951β955, with bequests to
46:, made up the personal part of
2115:. Manchester University Press.
2064:. Manchester University Press.
2040:
2027:
2014:
2010:. Manchester University Press.
1980:. Manchester University Press.
1947:
1943:. Manchester University Press.
1033:1234β1236 William of Haverhill
906:1409β1413: Sir John Brownfleet
680:1268β1272: Peter of Winchester
677:1265β1268: Nicholas of Lewknor
660:1261β1261: Peter of Winchester
567:. From 1232, when the post of
13:
1:
3062:Astronomer Royal for Scotland
3006:Principal Painter in Ordinary
2692:Honorary Chaplain to the King
2682:Gentleman of the Chapel Royal
2445:Director for Security Liaison
2341:Lord Steward of the Household
2199:
2111:Myers, Alec Reginald (1959).
1861:Cabinet of the United Kingdom
1726:Keepers of the Privy Wardrobe
1362:1353β1353: Robert Wingerworth
1330:1334β1335: Edmund de la Beche
1293:1279β1282: Giles of Oudenarde
1054:1261β1268 Peter of Winchester
1045:1249β1252 William of Kilkenny
999:1483β1484: Sir William Hopton
990:1474β1483: Sir John Elrington
947:John Sutton, 1st Baron Dudley
924:1421β1422: Sir William Philip
918:1416β1420: Sir John Rothenall
845:1357β1358: William de Retford
836:1350β1353: William de Retford
809:1337β1338: Edmund de la Beche
740:1312β1312: Peter Collingbourn
191:The administrative historian
180:) was given oversight of the
104:Origins and early development
2796:Keeper of the Great Wardrobe
2714:Keeper of the Royal Archives
2373:Comptroller of the Household
2236:Lost from Her Majesty's Back
1763:Keeper of the Great Wardrobe
1753:Keeper of the Great Wardrobe
1477:1492β1504: Sir Robert Lytton
1444:1461β1465: Sir George Darell
1281:Master of the Great Wardrobe
1277:Keeper of the Great Wardrobe
1233:Comptroller of the Household
1197:1350β1352 William Shrewsbury
1057:1268β1272 Giles of Oudenarde
936:1439β1446: Sir Roger Fiennes
860:1366β1368: William Gunthorpe
551:was one Odo in the reign of
7:
2940:Keeper of the Queen's Swans
2825:Gentleman of the Bedchamber
2786:Comptroller of the Wardrobe
2649:Medical Officer to The King
2629:Apothecary to the Household
2280:Manchester University Press
1895:Prestwich, Michael (1988).
1854:
1772:1381β1382 John Hermesthorpe
1743:1344β1351 Robert Mildenhall
1471:1486β1487: Alfred Cornburgh
1468:1485β1486: Sir Hugh Conway
1450:1470β1471: Sir John Plummer
1429:1453β1457: Henry Fillongley
1411:1418β1444: Robert Rolleston
1320:1327β1329: Thomas Ousefleet
1215:1368β1376 Sir John of Ypres
1091:1305β1307 Robert Cottingham
1086:Chancellor of the Exchequer
1048:?1252β1257 Aubrey of FΓ©camp
966:1460β1461: Sir Walter Skull
897:1405β1406: Richard Kingston
879:1376β1377: Richard Beverley
780:Chancellor of the Exchequer
712:1280β1290: William of Louth
685:Chancellor of the Exchequer
657:1258β1261: Aubrey of Fecamp
319:Controller of the Household
10:
3192:
3052:Defence Services Secretary
3016:Flower Painter in Ordinary
2976:Master of the King's Music
2734:Master of the Jewel Office
2672:Deputy Clerk of the Closet
2433:Private Secretary's Office
2368:Treasurer of the Household
2265:Cambridge University Press
2228:Database of Court Officers
2113:The Household of Edward IV
1817:Keepers of local Wardrobes
1746:1351β1360 William Rothwell
1333:1335β1337: William Norwell
1302:1295β1300: John Husthwaite
1296:1282β1287: Hamo de la Legh
1262:
1230:
1227:1397β1399 Sir John Stanley
1039:1240β1244 William of Burgh
1036:1236β1240 Thomas of Newark
1021:Controller of the Wardrobe
1015:Controller of the Wardrobe
1008:Treasurer of the Household
1005:
981:1470β1471: Sir John Delves
933:1437β1439: Sir John Popham
930:1431β1437: Sir John Tirell
921:1421: Sir Walter Beauchamp
870:1369β1375: Henry Wakefield
854:1360β1361: William Ferriby
833:1349β1350: William Cusance
812:1338β1340: William Norwell
799:1331β1334: Robert Tawton (
743:1312β1314: Ingelard Warley
737:1309β1311: Ingelard Warley
315:Treasurer of the Household
178:Controller of the Wardrobe
124:Add MS 82931, ff. 22rβ23r)
3044:
2996:Piper to the Queen Mother
2958:
2914:
2861:
2804:
2769:
2700:
2657:
2609:
2563:
2555:Cofferer of the Household
2540:
2514:
2481:Lord Chamberlain's Office
2479:
2466:Keeper of the Privy Purse
2458:
2432:
2381:
2323:
2126:Campbell, William (ed.),
1775:1382β1395 Randolph Hatton
1720:
1465:1483β1485: Robert Appulby
1426:1450β1453: William Cotton
1365:1353β1358: William Dalton
1359:(later Bishop of Lincoln)
1299:1287β1295: Roger de Lisle
1265:Cofferer of the Household
1221:1377β1381 Reginald Hilton
1200:1352β1353 John Buckingham
1161:1331β1334 Richard Ferriby
1158:1330β1331 Peter Medbourne
963:1460: Sir Gervais Clifton
954:1456β1458: John Brecknock
951:1454β1456: William Fallan
891:1399β1401: Thomas Tutbury
857:1361β1366: William Manton
851:1359β1360: William Farley
830:1347β1349: Thomas Clopton
827:1344β1347: Walter Wetwang
806:1334β1337: Edmund Ferriby
663:1261β1263: Henry of Ghent
573:Treasurer of the Wardrobe
468:By the 14th century, the
430:St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe
363:The term Great Wardrobe (
323:Cofferer of the Household
2971:Master of the Ceremonies
2923:Master of the Staghounds
2862:Bodyguards and guardians
2791:Cofferer of the Wardrobe
2739:Treasurer of the Chamber
2677:Dean of the Chapel Royal
2659:Ecclesiastical Household
2550:Clerk of the Green Cloth
2412:Keeper of the Privy Seal
2356:Master of the Buckhounds
2130:, pp. 164, 306, 588
1957:at the Electronic Sawyer
1872:
1759:1365β1377 John Sleaford
1699:Sir William Robinson, Bt
1534:1626β1655: William Legge
1500:John Fortescue of Salden
1453:1471β1476: Robert Cousin
1390:(later Bishop of London)
1380:1376β1377: Walter Ralphs
1377:1371β1376: John Sleaford
1246:Cofferer of the Wardrobe
1240:Cofferer of the Wardrobe
1218:1376β1377 William Street
1206:1358β1359 William Farley
1203:1353β1358 James Beaufort
1194:1344β1350 William Dalton
1185:1338β1341 Richard Nateby
1155:1329β1330 John Melbourne
1122:1318β1320 Gilbert Wigton
1060:1272β1283 Thomas Gunneys
1042:1244β1249 William Hardel
867:(later Bishop of Exeter)
796:1329β1331: Thomas Garton
732:Bishop of Bath and Wells
569:Treasurer of the Chamber
534:The (Household) Wardrobe
257:Keeper of the Privy Seal
186:Cofferer of the Wardrobe
170:Treasurer of the Chamber
156:The rise of the Wardrobe
53:government known as the
3171:Lists of English people
3026:Grand Carver of England
2896:Silver Stick-in-Waiting
2835:Woman of the Bedchamber
2564:Lords/ladies-in-waiting
2522:Master of the Household
2386:Great Officers of State
1769:1378β1381 John Hatfield
1749:1360β1365 Henry Snaith
1474:1487β1492: Peter Curtys
1462:1478β1483: Peter Curtys
1374:1361β1371: Henry Snaith
1336:1337β1341: Thomas Cross
1305:1300β1320: Ralph Stokes
1188:1341β1342 Robert Kilsby
1143:1323β1326 Robert Holden
1131:Archdeacon of Middlesex
1063:1283β1290 William March
1002:1484: Sir Richard Croft
848:1358β1359: Henry Walton
377:St Ives, Cambridgeshire
217:Great Seal of the Realm
3125:His Majesty's Botanist
2991:Piper to the Sovereign
2959:Arts and entertainment
2935:Master of the Harriers
2853:Page of the Backstairs
2830:Lady of the Bedchamber
2820:Lord of the Bedchamber
2750:Historiographer Royal
2499:Gentleman of the Horse
2206:Bucholz, R.O. (2006),
2037:(London 1926) p. 198-9
1693:Hon. Daines Barrington
1664:1660: Thomas Townshend
1447:1466β70: Robert Cousin
1383:1377β1390: Alan Stokes
1317:1323: Thomas Ousefleet
1212:1360β1368 Hugh Segrave
1209:1359β1360 William Clee
927:1423β1431: John Hotoft
894:1401β1405: Thomas More
639:) and William de Burgh
565:Keeper of the Wardrobe
494:
449:
338:
174:Keeper of the Wardrobe
125:
35:
18:Keeper of the wardrobe
3161:Government of England
3087:Personal aide-de-camp
2891:Gold Stick-in-Waiting
2886:Sovereign's Bodyguard
2619:Physician to the King
2571:Mistress of the Robes
2278:, 6 vol. Manchester:
1808:1476β Robert Allerton
1805:1461β John Sidborough
1778:1396β1399 John Lowick
1263:Further information:
633:Peter of Aigueblanche
549:clericus de garderoba
545:Clerk of the Wardrobe
492:
443:
426:Sir John de Beauchamp
336:
111:
33:
3097:King's Flag Sergeant
2815:Groom of the Chamber
2542:Board of Green Cloth
2506:Master of the Revels
2450:Royal Communications
2060:Tout, T. F. (1928).
2050:(London 1963) p. 383
2004:Tout, T. F. (1920).
1974:Tout, T. F. (1920).
1939:Tout, T. F. (1928).
1866:Richard of Pudlicott
1706:1763: Paul Whitehead
1703:1760: Thomas Gilbert
1644:adding missing items
1422:Sir Thomas Tuddenham
1345:1345β1349: John Cook
1314:1321: Gilbert Wigton
1258:Board of Green Cloth
888:1390β1399: John Carp
801:Archdeacon of Durham
507:Edward of Caernarfon
261:series of Ordinances
211:During the reign of
42:, together with the
3036:Pantler of Scotland
2950:Marker of the Swans
2945:Warden of the Swans
2930:Master of the Hawks
2874:Yeomen of the Guard
2667:Clerk of the Closet
2601:Mother of the Maids
2576:Master of the Robes
2346:Master of the Horse
2164:, pp. 146β156.
2046:S H Steinberg ed.,
2024:(London 1970) p. 27
1676:1695: Charles Bland
1670:1685: Thomas Robson
1581:Sir Thomas Robinson
1569:Sir Thomas Robinson
1325:William de la Zouch
1166:William de la Zouch
721:Lord High Treasurer
707:Bishop of St Davids
588:(jointly from 1222)
499:Eleanor of Provence
247:Its influence fades
3130:King's Bargemaster
3108:Warden of the Mint
3011:Painter and Limner
2846:Groom of the Stool
2581:Groom of the Robes
2532:Butler of Scotland
2216:, pp. 146β156
2035:History of England
1845:Sir Hugh Underhill
1799:1457β Thomas Thorp
1796:1430β Gilbert Parr
1738:Warden of the Mint
1711:William Ashburnham
1642:; you can help by
1539:Sir Edward Montagu
1482:Sir Andrew Windsor
1350:William de Retford
1270:The Great Wardrobe
1117:Bishop of Hereford
865:Thomas Brantingham
752:Archbishop of York
637:Bishop of Hereford
547:. The first known
495:
479:Office of Ordnance
450:
420:) to the north of
346:Origin and purpose
339:
284:Household Wardrobe
241:coronation regalia
126:
36:
3143:
3142:
3135:Funeral directors
2611:Medical Household
2395:Lord High Steward
2384:(currently among
1793:1407β Simon Fleet
1673:1689: Robert Nott
1667:1680: Robert Nott
1660:
1659:
1545:Sir Ralph Montagu
1494:Edward Waldegrave
1488:Sir Ralph Sadleir
1341:John de Charneles
995:Richard Beauchamp
986:John, Lord Howard
909:1413: Thomas More
884:William Pakington
624:Walter of Kirkham
611:Ranulph le Breton
600:Walter of Kirkham
523:garderoba robarum
475:Office of Armoury
458:Removing Wardrobe
237:Richard Pudlicott
16:(Redirected from
3183:
3111:
3082:Knight Marischal
3078:
3069:Geographer Royal
3057:Astronomer Royal
3001:Serjeant Painter
2926:
2849:
2782:
2706:Royal Collection
2624:Serjeant Surgeon
2586:Groom in Waiting
2310:
2303:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2267:
2217:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2132:
2131:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2108:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2051:
2044:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2001:
1982:
1981:
1971:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1936:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1687:William Robinson
1655:
1652:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1510:1603?β1612: Sir
1416:Sir John Norreys
1388:Richard Clifford
1148:Nicholas Huggate
1138:Robert Wodehouse
1107:Robert Wodehouse
959:Thomas Tuddenham
902:Sir John Tiptoft
823:William Edington
776:Robert Wodehouse
759:Roger Northburgh
696:Bishop of Durham
604:Bishop of Durham
593:Bishop of Ossory
422:Baynard's Castle
373:Prior of St Ives
305:By the reign of
273:William Edington
168:, the office of
55:King's household
21:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3115:Gentleman Usher
3106:
3073:
3045:Other positions
3040:
2954:
2921:
2910:
2857:
2844:
2800:
2778:
2765:
2719:Royal Librarian
2696:
2653:
2605:
2559:
2536:
2510:
2475:
2454:
2428:
2400:Lord Chancellor
2383:
2377:
2319:
2314:
2224:
2222:Further reading
2202:
2197:
2196:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2135:
2124:
2120:
2109:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2058:
2054:
2045:
2041:
2033:G M Trevelyan,
2032:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2002:
1985:
1972:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1937:
1904:
1893:
1880:
1875:
1857:
1819:
1811:
1802:1460β John Parr
1728:
1723:
1715:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1631:
1617:
1609:
1492:1553β1559: Sir
1357:John Buckingham
1310:William Cusance
1289:
1272:
1267:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1170:Lord Privy Seal
1113:Thomas Charlton
1100:Lord Privy Seal
1017:
1012:
1011:
977:Sir John Howard
969:1461β1468: Sir
957:1458β1460: Sir
912:1413β1416: Sir
875:William Moulsoe
841:John Buckingham
817:William Cusance
672:Mayor of London
653:Peter de Rivaux
644:Peter Chaceporc
618:Peter de Rivaux
586:Peter de Rivaux
541:
536:
531:
487:
485:Other wardrobes
470:Tower of London
466:
454:parva garderoba
438:
393:
365:magna garderoba
361:
348:
331:
288:Battle of CrΓ©cy
265:status quo ante
249:
205:G. M. Trevelyan
158:
122:British Library
106:
101:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3189:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2918:
2916:
2915:Animal keepers
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2901:Yeomen Warders
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2808:and bedchamber
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2775:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2746:Crown Jeweller
2743:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2702:Royal Archives
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2596:Maid of Honour
2593:
2591:Page of Honour
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2422:Knight Marshal
2414:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2269:
2254:
2239:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2181:
2166:
2133:
2118:
2088:
2067:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2013:
1983:
1959:
1946:
1902:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1824:Thomas Maynman
1818:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1757:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1637:
1635:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
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1440:Thomas Vaughan
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1244:The office of
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1127:Robert Baldock
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1103:
1096:William Melton
1092:
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1068:Walter Langton
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783:
772:
766:
755:
748:William Melton
744:
741:
738:
735:
724:
717:Walter Langton
713:
710:
699:
688:
681:
678:
675:
668:Ralph Sandwich
664:
661:
658:
655:
649:
646:
640:
629:
626:
620:
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607:
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589:
582:
581:1213β1215: Odo
578:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
486:
483:
465:
462:
437:
434:
414:Lombard Street
402:City of London
392:
389:
360:
357:
347:
344:
330:
327:
248:
245:
157:
154:
105:
102:
100:
97:
85:Privy Wardrobe
81:Great Wardrobe
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3188:
3177:
3174:
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3169:
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3055:
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3049:
3047:
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3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:Master Carver
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
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2807:
2806:Privy chamber
2803:
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2494:Crown Equerry
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2361:Clerk Marshal
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2263:, Cambridge:
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2255:
2252:
2251:0-901286-20-6
2248:
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2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:Arnold, Janet
2231:
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2071:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1942:
1935:
1933:
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1927:
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1911:
1909:
1907:
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1696:
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1690:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:Thomas Dummer
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1638:This list is
1636:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:established.
1622:
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1606:
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1199:
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1121:
1118:
1114:
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1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1082:John Benstead
1079:
1076:
1075:John Droxford
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
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1038:
1035:
1032:
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1029:
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1009:
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983:
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829:
826:
824:
820:
818:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
798:
795:
792:
791:Dean of Wells
788:
784:
781:
777:
773:
771:
770:Roger Waltham
767:
764:
760:
756:
753:
749:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
729:
728:John Droxford
725:
722:
718:
714:
711:
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60:
56:
52:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
2986:Groom Porter
2869:King's Guard
2795:
2785:
2779:
2770:
2417:Earl Marshal
2405:Purse Bearer
2275:
2259:
2242:
2235:
2212:
2189:
2184:
2175:
2169:
2162:Bucholz 2006
2127:
2121:
2112:
2079:. Retrieved
2070:
2061:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2020:R. Wickson,
2016:
2006:
1976:
1949:
1940:
1896:
1812:
1783:John Norbury
1760:
1750:
1729:
1716:
1648:
1620:
1618:
1610:
1498:1559β?1603:
1458:Sir John Say
1407:John Spencer
1370:John Newbury
1280:
1276:
1273:
1252:locum tenens
1250:
1245:
1243:
1174:Dean of York
1168:(afterwards
1084:(afterwards
1025:counter roll
1020:
1018:
787:Richard Bury
778:(afterwards
761:(afterwards
750:(afterwards
730:(afterwards
719:(afterwards
572:
564:
548:
544:
542:
522:
515:
509:(the future
501:(consort of
496:
467:
453:
451:
418:The Wardrobe
406:
394:
381:
369:
364:
362:
349:
340:
304:
292:
283:
281:
250:
233:
210:
202:
190:
185:
177:
173:
169:
159:
145:hrΕgelthegns
144:
138:
133:
129:
127:
117:
112:The Will of
89:
84:
80:
78:
76:government.
69:block grants
62:
39:
37:
3110:(1216β1829)
3077:(1102β1261)
2925:(1738β1782)
2848:(1509β1901)
2274:(1920β33).
2272:Tout, T. F.
2081:24 November
1836:1533β1557:
1789:Henry Somer
1709:1765β1782:
1679:bef. 1707:
1651:August 2008
1603:1775β1782:
1579:1755β1760:
1567:1749β1754:
1528:1619β1622:
1516:1613β1618:
1512:Roger Aston
1504:1603β1611:
1486:1543β1553:
1480:1504β1543:
1456:1476β1478:
1432:c1458β1460
1420:1446β1450:
1414:1444β1446:
1405:1413β1417:
1386:1390β1398:
1368:1359β1361:
1355:1350β1353:
1348:1349β1350:
1339:1341β1345:
1323:1329β1334:
984:1471β1474:
975:1468β1470:
945:1453β1454:
939:1446β1453:
914:Roger Leche
900:1406β1408:
882:1377β1390:
873:1375β1376:
863:1368β1369:
839:1353β1357:
821:1341β1344:
815:1340β1341:
785:1328β1329:
774:1323β1328:
768:1322β1323:
757:1316β1322:
746:1314β1316:
726:1295β1309:
715:1290β1295:
701:1274β1280:
690:1274β1274:
666:1264β1265:
651:1257β1258:
642:1241β1254:
631:1240β1241:
622:1234β1236:
616:1232β1234:
609:1224β1227:
606:) (jointly)
598:1224β1231:
595:) (jointly)
584:1218β1224:
576:Household.
446:Jewel Tower
300:Chamberlain
296:privy purse
198:Frescobaldi
114:King Eadred
64:Curia Regis
38:The King's
3150:Categories
2200:References
1831:John Patey
1787:1405β1407
1781:1399β1405
1765:from 1371)
1755:from 1361)
1640:incomplete
1164:1334β1335
1146:1326β1328
1125:1320β1323
1111:1316β1318
1105:1314β1316
1094:1307β1314
1080:1295β1305
1073:1290β1295
971:John Fogge
703:Thomas Bek
692:Antony Bek
307:Richard II
269:Edward III
221:Chancellor
193:T. F. Tout
182:Privy Seal
3075:Justiciar
2840:Chamberer
1838:John Rede
1434:John Wood
613:(jointly)
553:King John
519:Edward VI
511:Edward II
503:Henry III
410:Bassishaw
398:Exchequer
277:Treasurer
253:Edward II
166:Henry III
162:King John
134:garderoba
118:hræglðene
73:Exchequer
71:from the
59:Henry III
2771:Wardrobe
2759:Scotland
2241:--do.--
1953:Charter
1897:Edward I
1855:See also
557:sumpters
477:and the
385:caravans
225:Chancery
213:Edward I
149:Henry II
48:medieval
40:Wardrobe
2754:England
1115:(later
782:, 1330)
765:, 1321)
754:, 1317)
705:(later
694:(later
687:, 1283)
674:, 1285)
670:(later
635:(later
602:(later
412:and in
311:Steward
229:Steward
51:English
44:Chamber
2249:
1955:S 1515
1843:1563:
1829:1515:
1822:15??:
1761:(also
1751:(also
1721:Others
1697:1756:
1691:1754:
1685:1750:
1597:1765:
1591:1763:
1585:1760:
1573:1754:
1561:1709:
1555:1689:
1549:1685:
1543:1671:
1537:1660:
1522:1618:
1438:1460:
1308:1320:
993:1483:
561:clergy
353:clerks
141:Eadred
130:camera
1873:Notes
1136:1323
1066:1290
2704:and
2247:ISBN
2083:2015
1619:The
1172:and
444:The
387:").
321:and
1646:.
1260:).
379:.)
95:).
3152::
2210:,
2136:^
2091:^
1986:^
1962:^
1905:^
1881:^
1283:.
355:.
317:,
275:,
2388:)
2309:e
2302:t
2295:v
2282:.
2268:.
2085:.
1740:)
1653:)
1649:(
1235:.
1176:)
1133:)
1129:(
1119:)
1102:)
1098:(
1088:)
1010:.
803:)
793:)
789:(
734:)
723:)
709:)
698:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
