359:, which causes him to weep and then experience dreams pertaining to this misfortune. Another scene might describe Kešši's refusal to hunt, while yet another focuses on an argument between him and his wife in front of an assembly of elders. It is presumed she is portrayed as the party who is in the wrong, possibly due to the influence of her brother.
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and other characters. The
Hurrian version preserves sections focused on Kešši's despair after he is asked to donate his emmer, an argument between him and his wife and a number of references to events involving deities. The Hittite passages describe how Kešši abandoned his duties towards the gods and
362:
In the surviving sections of the
Hittite version, Kešši's mother remarks that ever since he married Šindalimeni, he started to neglect his duties towards the gods and ceased to hunt to provide for her, which prompts him to go on a hunt, but as his actions have angered the gods, he fails to catch any
101:
have been discovered. Individual events vary between them, and they do not fully correspond to each other, but it is agreed that they record variants of the same main narrative. In addition to Kešši himself it involved his wife Šintalimeni, his mother, his wife's evil brother Udipšarri, a number of
327:
While it is agreed that all versions of the tale of Kešši record the same central narrative, individual details vary between them. It is possible that the plot revolved around Kešši going from one unlucky event to another. In addition to Kešši himself, the characters include his mother, his wife
328:Šintalimeni and her brother Udipšarri, described as an "evil man". The Hurrian version of the tale also mentions a man named Urumzi and a woman named Tadizuli, who might be Kešši's parents. One of the passages additionally mentions the Hurrian moon god,
367:. He spends three months in the mountains, and eventually falls sick. He is rescued through the intervention of a "father deity", an ancestor god. The reference to this figure is considered to be an echo of a non-Hurrian Syrian tradition of
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The
Hittite version indicates that the story takes place near the mountain Natara and the city of Urma, but neither toponym is attested elsewhere. Another toponym, Illawa, is also attested elsewhere as the name of a
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his mother after getting married, a hunting trip and a number of dreams he has in its aftermath. Individual elements of the narrative have been compared to tales focused on other heroes, namely
371:. The story resumes after a lacuna with a description of Kešši's dreams and his mother's interpretation of them. However, the text is fragmentary. One of the dreams apparently involves a
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instead. Due to the state of preservation of the
Akkadian Kešši tablet it is impossible determine if its contents directly correspond to any of the known Hurrian passages.
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version. The
Hittite translation seemingly does not follow the Hurrian original directly, which according to Alfonso Archi might indicate it relied on an
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version is known from eighteen fragments, including one duplicate. It is estimated to originally have consisted of over 3000 lines spread over 15 or more
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Mary R. Bacharova suggests his appearance might be connected to Šintalimeni's role as a midwife, as the moon was associated with pregnancy.
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410:. Similar to how Kešši's dreams are interpreted by his mother, Gilgamesh's are on two separate occasions explained by his mother
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The scenes focused on Kešši's dreams and their interpretation has been compared to passages dealing with analogous topics in the
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due to prestige of the language, with a written
Hurrian version being a later development reflecting the prestige of Hurrian in
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makes it possible to assume that all of the mentioned places are to be sought in areas historically inhabited by
Hurrians.
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274:. It is one of the two Akkadian tablets from this site which parallels finds from Hattusa, the other being a copy of the
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Eva von Dassow based on the plurality of variants concludes that similarly to tales focused on figures such as
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300:. Gernot Wilhelm has proposed that the Akkadian translation might have originally been developed in the
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1109:(2005). "Die Erzählungen von den zwei Brüdern, vom Fischer und dem Findelkind sowie vom Jäger Kešše".
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bearing it is the eponymous protagonist of a narrative of
Hurrian origin known from sources from
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focused on dream interpretation are absent from the extant fragments of its
Hittite adaptation.
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argues that the tale of Kešši can be compared to that focused on another
Hurrian hero,
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origin, and can be translated as "the one who sets (traps)", literally "hunter". The
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are also mentioned, but it remains uncertain what roles they played in the story.
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classifies it as a "tale", which is a label he applies to literary texts from the
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1061:"The Hittite Song of Going Forth" (CTH 344): A Reconsideration of the Narrative"
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Archi, Alfonso (2007). "Transmission of Recitative Literature by the Hittites".
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418:. Mary R. Bachvarova remarks that despite the similarities the sections of the
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epic, and due to a number of textual peculiarities typical for Akkadian of the
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Fragments of the tale of Kešši in multiple languages have been discovered. The
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1002:"Mythologie A. II. Bei den Hethitern · Mythology A. II. In Hittite tradition"
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438:Šintalimeni is also known from a birth incantation, which describes her as a
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In the Hurrian version, Kešši is asked to provide a part of his harvest of
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version of the story. All of the Hittite and Hurrian fragments come from
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is the eponymous protagonist of a narrative of Hurrian origin known from
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Tadizuli's name is identical with that of a woman betrothed to the hero
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From Hittite to Homer: the Anatolian background of ancient Greek epic
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922:"Hurro-Hittite Stories and Hittite Pregnancy and Birth Rituals"
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which instead show more similarities to Akkadian material from
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Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie
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1071:(1). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG): 23–84.
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The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages
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which feature human protagonists and do not deal with
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state that they belonged to a genre designated by the
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1173:Milstein, Sara J. (2015). "The Origins of Adapa".
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332:. He meets with a deity named Tapšuwarri in it.
183:. It is one of the six texts from Hattusa whose
169:Tale of the Hunter Kešši and his Beautiful Wife
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891:"The West Hurrian Pantheon and Its Background"
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1301:Konkordanz der hethitischen Keilschrifttafeln
893:. In Collins, B. J.; Michalowski, P. (eds.).
234:, which according to him separates them from
1235:. Warminster, England: Aris & Phillips.
926:Women in the ancient Near East: a sourcebook
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991:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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191:ŠÌR, "song", the other five being the
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860:(1–2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
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292:, in contrast with some of the
1913:Heroes in mythology and legend
1262:. In Woodard, Roger D. (ed.).
1036:10.5615/jcunestud.65.2013.0127
924:. In Chavalas, Mark W. (ed.).
216:and a local adaptation of the
131:The name Kešši was written in
1:
1117:(2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
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1216:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
1111:Altorientalische Forschungen
1024:Journal of Cuneiform Studies
1006:Reallexikon der Assyriologie
951:Bachvarova, Mary R. (2016).
920:Bachvarova, Mary R. (2014).
854:Altorientalische Forschungen
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897:. Atlanta: Lockwood Press.
866:10.1524/aofo.2007.34.12.189
173:Romance of the Hunter Kešši
89:. Fragments of versions in
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1944:
1123:10.1524/aofo.2005.32.2.360
1077:10.13109/wdor.2012.42.1.23
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1148:Die hethitische Literatur
1059:Dongen, Erik van (2012).
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1683:Deified natural features
1258:Wilhelm, Gernot (2004).
1229:Wilhelm, Gernot (1989).
1018:Dassow, Eva von (2013).
961:10.1017/CBO9781139048736
455:in another Hurrian tale.
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1379:List of Hurrian deities
889:Archi, Alfonso (2013).
379:Comparative scholarship
30:In-universe information
1146:Haas, Volkert (2006).
1000:Beckman, Gary (1997),
1882:Mesopotamian religion
1723:Other mythical beings
1156:10.1515/9783110193794
1150:. Walter de Gruyter.
928:. London: Routledge.
348:, which according to
1928:Mythological hunters
1517:Goddess of the Night
1422:Hutena and Hutellura
1210:Ünal, Ahmet (1980),
1187:10.1515/za-2015-0004
1065:Die Welt des Orients
1603:Ninatta and Kulitta
1357:General information
813:, pp. 370–371.
801:, pp. 286–287.
194:Song of Going Forth
19:Fictional character
153:literary character
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970:978-1-316-39847-0
935:978-0-415-44855-0
904:978-1-937040-11-6
420:Epic of Gilgamesh
407:Epic of Gilgamesh
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1273:0-521-56256-2
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1128:
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1120:
1116:
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1107:Haas, Volkert
1104:
1094:
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1078:
1074:
1070:
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1062:
1057:
1053:
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976:
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955:. Cambridge.
954:
949:
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918:
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867:
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849:
837:, p. 66.
836:
831:
824:
819:
812:
807:
800:
795:
788:
783:
777:, p. 17.
776:
771:
764:
759:
753:, p. 62.
752:
747:
745:
743:
735:
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718:
713:
711:
703:
698:
696:
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686:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
662:, p. 33.
661:
660:Milstein 2015
656:
650:, p. 58.
649:
644:
642:
634:
629:
623:, p. 25.
622:
617:
615:
607:
602:
595:
590:
583:
578:
572:, p. 27.
571:
566:
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527:
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494:, p. 28.
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346:Hurrian deity
341:
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307:
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294:lexical texts
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196:
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177:Song of Kešše
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37:
33:
28:
23:
1779:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1263:
1232:The Hurrians
1231:
1220:, retrieved
1215:
1178:
1174:
1147:
1114:
1110:
1096:. Retrieved
1068:
1064:
1027:
1023:
1009:, retrieved
1005:
952:
925:
894:
857:
853:
845:Bibliography
830:
818:
806:
794:
782:
770:
758:
751:Wilhelm 1989
655:
648:Wilhelm 1989
628:
606:Beckman 1997
601:
594:Beckman 1997
589:
577:
538:Wilhelm 2004
533:
460:
447:
434:
419:
414:and then by
405:
403:
382:
361:
354:
350:Volkert Haas
342:
326:
310:
275:
270:tablet from
252:clay tablets
245:
224:Gary Beckman
217:
211:
204:
198:
192:
180:
176:
172:
168:
144:
140:
136:
130:
78:
77:omitted) or
70:
62:
61:
1775:Gurparanzaḫ
1218:(in German)
621:Dongen 2012
582:Dassow 2013
570:Dongen 2012
511:Dassow 2013
453:Gurparanzaḫ
395:Gurparanzaḫ
387: [
277:šar tamḫāri
117:Gurparanzaḫ
73:, with the
46:Šintalimeni
1902:Categories
1710:Pišaišapḫi
1557:Pentikalli
1507:Ayu-Ikalti
1222:2023-04-17
1098:2023-04-16
1011:2023-04-17
775:Archi 2013
633:Archi 2007
555:Archi 2007
472:References
189:Sumerogram
181:Kešše Epic
127:Background
75:diacritics
35:Occupation
1770:Gilgamesh
1745:Ullikummi
1260:"Hurrian"
1203:164595198
1195:0084-5299
1139:163516542
1131:2196-6761
1085:0043-2547
1052:163759793
1044:2325-6737
987:cite book
979:958455749
944:782990632
913:882106763
882:161108305
874:2196-6761
823:Haas 2006
811:Haas 2005
787:Haas 2005
734:Haas 2006
702:Haas 2005
526:Ünal 1980
426:Footnotes
373:meteorite
313:Gilgamesh
288:from the
232:cosmology
207:Ullikummi
185:colophons
147:. It has
133:cuneiform
121:Gilgamesh
67:romanized
1831:Kummanni
1740:Upelluri
1364:Hurrians
1315:database
1303:database
1282:59471649
1251:21036268
1093:23342111
338:Ea-šarri
306:Anatolia
268:Akkadian
205:Song of
145:ki-eš-še
141:ki-eš-ši
137:ki-iš-ši
106:such as
99:Akkadian
1836:Nineveh
1816:Hattusa
1806:Arrapha
1785:Šarrēna
1735:Ḫedammu
1690:Aranzaḫ
1618:Tašmišu
1567:Samnuha
1562:Pinikir
1542:Lelluri
1532:Karḫuḫi
1527:Iršappa
1502:Allanzu
1457:Šarruma
1452:Nupatik
1442:Nabarbi
1432:Kumarbi
1393:Deities
1311:in the
1299:in the
1297:CTH 361
1212:"Kešši"
440:midwife
334:Kumarbi
317:Kumarbi
264:Hattusa
256:Hittite
248:Hurrian
157:Hattusa
149:Hurrian
112:Kumarbi
95:Hittite
91:Hurrian
83:Hattusa
71:Keshshi
55:Hurrian
1923:Amarna
1851:Urkesh
1846:Ugarit
1801:Aleppo
1758:Heroes
1700:Manuzi
1670:Eltara
1665:Ninlil
1613:Takitu
1577:Šuwala
1552:Nikkal
1547:Maliya
1537:Kubaba
1512:Aštabi
1497:Adamma
1472:Teššub
1467:Šimige
1462:Šauška
1447:Nergal
1427:Išḫara
1407:Allani
1280:
1270:
1249:
1239:
1201:
1193:
1162:
1137:
1129:
1091:
1083:
1050:
1042:
977:
967:
942:
932:
911:
901:
880:
872:
416:Enkidu
412:Ninsun
298:Ugarit
272:Amarna
161:Amarna
87:Amarna
65:(also
51:Origin
43:Spouse
38:Hunter
1841:Taite
1826:Kumme
1821:Kahat
1780:Kešši
1695:Kiaše
1660:Enlil
1645:Alalu
1587:Uršui
1572:Šalaš
1522:Ḫešui
1490:Minor
1477:Tilla
1437:Kušuḫ
1417:Ḫepat
1400:Major
1199:S2CID
1135:S2CID
1089:JSTOR
1048:S2CID
878:S2CID
391:]
357:emmer
330:Kušuḫ
323:Story
286:Egypt
236:myths
165:Syria
108:Kušuḫ
79:Kešše
63:Kešši
25:Kešši
1811:Ebla
1765:Appu
1655:Antu
1623:Tenu
1582:Ugur
1278:OCLC
1268:ISBN
1247:OCLC
1237:ISBN
1191:ISSN
1160:ISBN
1127:ISSN
1081:ISSN
1040:ISSN
993:link
975:OCLC
965:ISBN
940:OCLC
930:ISBN
909:OCLC
899:ISBN
870:ISSN
365:game
336:and
315:and
260:oral
159:and
119:and
110:and
97:and
85:and
1650:Anu
1183:doi
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1152:doi
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957:doi
862:doi
179:or
143:or
135:as
69:as
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