474:
866:
727:
489:. Rwanda became independent at midnight on 1 July 1962. Kayibanda spoke at ceremonies later that day to commemorate the occasion, thanking the people who had contributed to the country's independence. He also thanked the work of the Belgians, Germans, and United Nations in developing the country. He said, "Though the Belgians made some mistakes here, the net result of their effort has been most positive," and appealed to them and other countries for technical aid. He led Rwanda's first delegation to the
990:
501:, again as the only candidate. In both elections, a single list of Parmehutu candidates was returned to the legislature. The 1962 constitution of Rwanda, enacted by Kayibanda's regime, proscribed communist activities and propaganda as Belgian settlers conditioned the gain of independence to the rejection of Communism, in the era of the iron curtain. The UNAR party threatened to turn their back on the Belgians and adhere to communism.
43:
741:
151:
452:, and by Christian Belgians, who were increasingly influential in the Congo. The United Nations mandates, the Tutsi elite class, and the Belgian colonists contributed to the growing social and political unrest. Gregoire Kayibanda, an ethnic Hutu, led the Hutu "emancipation" movement. He founded the political party
695:
Celui-ci s'était construit sur la destruction de la Première République. Entre 1974 et 1977, 56 personnes, pour la plupart d'anciens dirigeants de la Première République, avaient été assassinés par les services de la sécurité. Le premier Président rwandais, Grégoire
Kayibanda, était mort en détention
469:
In reaction, in 1959 Tutsis founded the UNAR party, made up of those who desired immediate independence for Ruanda-Urundi based on the existing Tutsi monarchy. This group also became quickly militarized. Skirmishes began between UNAR and PARMEHUTU groups. Kayibanda's successful campaign brought the
548:
overthrew
Kayibanda in a military coup. Although described as bloodless, as a result of the coup, an estimated 55 people, mostly officials, lawyers or businessmen close to the previous regime, were reportedly executed. The families of these people were given sums of money to pay for their silence.
535:
In the presidential elections of 1973 a project promulgated on 18 May was presented, the duration of the presidential term of
Kabiyanda was extended from 4 to 5 years, and the age limit of 60 years was eliminated. With North-South regionalist rivalries, President Kayibanda's regime was accused of
493:
on 18 September. Kayibanda was elected president on 26 October. Over the next three years, Kayibanda increased his power step by step. By 1965, Parmehutu was the only legal party in the country. At
405:
monarchy with a republican form of government. Rwanda became independent from
Belgium in 1962, with Kayibanda serving as the country's first president, establishing a pro-Hutu policy and a
536:
having progressively dismissed the political leaders of the north and of concentrating power in the hands of the nationals of his native prefecture, Gitarama.
904:
549:
The new government held
Kayibanda and his wife in a secret location (rumored to be a house near Kabgayi), where they were reportedly "starved to death".
810:
440:
in 1937. After the completion of minor seminary in 1943, he continued to Major
Seminary of Nyakibanda where he studied for four years.
676:
107:
79:
631:
Lukas, J. Anthony (19 September 1962). "U.N. Seat is Ready, Delegate is Late: Burundi, Newly
Admitted, Bogs in Airline Schedule".
897:
437:
86:
448:
The Hutu majority had long been resentful of power held by the Tutsi minority. They were encouraged by Hutu advocates in the
60:
1044:
600:
865:
93:
1024:
890:
803:
1039:
385:(1 May 1924 – 15 December 1976) was a Rwandan politician and revolutionary who was the first elected
126:
75:
1049:
490:
64:
417:
1029:
1019:
796:
498:
494:
819:
770:
690:
386:
645:
Constitution of Rwanda. November 24, 1962. Art. 39: “All communist activity and propaganda are forbidden.”
473:
959:
525:
100:
17:
913:
210:
845:
590:
53:
840:
780:
545:
421:
202:
944:
830:
763:
588:
486:
231:
189:
1034:
1014:
1009:
954:
939:
934:
256:
8:
166:
989:
979:
677:"Kayibanda, Grégoire | Sciences Po Mass Violence and Resistance - Research Network"
969:
394:
974:
850:
596:
589:
Emmanuel Kwaku
Akyeampong; Henry Louis Gates; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2 February 2012).
150:
746:
482:
463:
436:. He studied his primary school at Tare then at Kabgayi. Kayibanda was admitted in
31:
713:
449:
964:
509:
477:
1962 stamp celebrating
Kayibanda as leader of Rwanda's independence movement.
1003:
949:
732:
505:
497:, Kayibanda appeared alone on the ballot for president. He was reelected in
288:
882:
433:
284:
855:
529:
788:
616:
Halberstam, David (2 July 1962). "Rwanda, Burundi Raise Their Flags".
454:
413:
409:
338:
42:
524:. Kayibanda's government adopted a generally neutral stance on the
398:
308:
30:"Kayibanda" redirects here. For other people with this name, see
521:
513:
327:
517:
402:
390:
512:
foreign policy. Rwanda enjoyed cordial relations with the
584:
582:
470:
majority Hutu to power for the first time in Rwanda.
722:
462:; Hutu Emancipation Movement Party), and wrote his "
485:and a brief transitional administration was led by
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
579:
1001:
397:and led Rwanda's struggle for independence from
544:On 5 July 1973 defense minister Major General
912:
898:
804:
427:
905:
891:
811:
797:
615:
149:
662:
660:
460:Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu
344:Parti du Mouvement de l'Emancipation Hutu
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
818:
595:. Oxford University Press. pp. 2–.
472:
712:Nyrop, Richard F.; et al. (1969).
14:
1002:
657:
223:28 January 1961 – 1 July 1962
886:
792:
711:
691:"Mission d'information sur le Rwanda"
630:
27:President of Rwanda from 1962 to 1973
775:26 October 1961 – 5 July 1973
438:Saint Léon Minor Seminary of Kabgayi
432:Kayibanda was born on 1 May 1924 in
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
24:
718:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
179:1 July 1962 – 5 July 1973
25:
1061:
516:, while strongly criticizing the
988:
864:
739:
725:
41:
592:Dictionary of African Biography
491:United Nations General Assembly
366:
52:needs additional citations for
696:en 1976, probablement de faim.
683:
669:
648:
639:
624:
609:
559:
424:, and died three years later.
412:system governed by his party,
13:
1:
572:
481:In 1961 the Rwandan monarchy
443:
389:from 1962 to 1973. An ethnic
1045:People from Rulindo District
7:
10:
1066:
705:
518:People's Republic of China
393:, he was a pioneer of the
29:
1025:Prime ministers of Rwanda
986:
920:
914:Prime ministers of Rwanda
873:
862:
826:
777:
768:
760:
755:
420:by his defense minister,
416:. He was overthrown in a
376:
350:
333:
323:
315:
294:
271:
266:
262:
250:
238:
227:
216:
208:
196:
183:
172:
164:
160:
148:
141:
1040:Leaders ousted by a coup
715:Area Handbook for Rwanda
552:
539:
504:Kayibanda pursued a pro-
495:elections held that year
428:Early life and education
316:Cause of death
211:Prime Minister of Rwanda
1050:Rwandan anti-communists
930:post abolished, 1962–91
478:
764:Dominique Mbonyumutwa
526:Arab–Israeli conflict
487:Dominique Mbonyumutwa
476:
319:Reportedly starvation
232:Dominique Mbonyumutwa
190:Dominique Mbonyumutwa
1030:Amateur radio people
1020:Presidents of Rwanda
820:Presidents of Rwanda
356:Vérédiana Mukagatare
257:Sylvestre Nsanzimana
76:"Grégoire Kayibanda"
61:improve this article
781:Juvénal Habyarimana
771:President of Rwanda
654:Nyrop, 1969, p. 89.
546:Juvénal Habyarimana
422:Juvénal Habyarimana
418:coup d'état in 1973
387:President of Rwanda
203:Juvénal Habyarimana
167:President of Rwanda
756:Political offices
679:. 4 February 2016.
666:Nyrop, 1969, p. 91
633:The New York Times
618:The New York Times
479:
395:Rwandan Revolution
383:Grégoire Kayibanda
245:Office established
143:Grégoire Kayibanda
997:
996:
880:
879:
787:
786:
778:Succeeded by
602:978-0-19-538207-5
514:Republic of China
380:
379:
155:Kayibanda in 1962
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
1057:
992:
907:
900:
893:
884:
883:
868:
813:
806:
799:
790:
789:
761:Preceded by
753:
752:
749:
747:Biography portal
744:
743:
742:
735:
730:
729:
728:
719:
699:
698:
687:
681:
680:
673:
667:
664:
655:
652:
646:
643:
637:
636:
628:
622:
621:
613:
607:
606:
586:
566:
563:
464:Bahutu Manifesto
401:, replacing the
370:
368:
301:
298:15 December 1976
281:
279:
267:Personal details
253:
241:
221:
199:
186:
177:
153:
139:
138:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
32:Kayibanda (name)
21:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1000:
999:
998:
993:
984:
916:
911:
881:
876:
869:
860:
822:
817:
783:
774:
766:
745:
740:
738:
731:
726:
724:
708:
703:
702:
689:
688:
684:
675:
674:
670:
665:
658:
653:
649:
644:
640:
629:
625:
614:
610:
603:
587:
580:
575:
570:
569:
564:
560:
555:
542:
520:'s policies in
450:Catholic Church
446:
430:
372:
369: 1950)
364:
360:
357:
334:Political party
303:
299:
283:
277:
275:
251:
239:
222:
217:
197:
184:
178:
173:
156:
144:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
995:
994:
987:
985:
983:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
945:Uwilingiyimana
942:
937:
932:
927:
921:
918:
917:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
878:
877:
874:
871:
870:
863:
861:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
827:
824:
823:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
785:
784:
779:
776:
767:
762:
758:
757:
751:
750:
736:
721:
720:
707:
704:
701:
700:
682:
668:
656:
647:
638:
623:
608:
601:
577:
576:
574:
571:
568:
567:
557:
556:
554:
551:
541:
538:
445:
442:
429:
426:
378:
377:
374:
373:
362:
358:
355:
354:
352:
348:
347:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
320:
317:
313:
312:
302:(aged 52)
296:
292:
291:
273:
269:
268:
264:
263:
260:
259:
254:
248:
247:
242:
236:
235:
229:
225:
224:
214:
213:
206:
205:
200:
194:
193:
187:
181:
180:
170:
169:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
146:
145:
142:
135:
134:
117:September 2014
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1062:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1005:
991:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
940:Nsengiyaremye
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
919:
915:
908:
903:
901:
896:
894:
889:
888:
885:
872:
867:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
825:
821:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
795:
794:
791:
782:
773:
772:
765:
759:
754:
748:
737:
734:
733:Africa portal
723:
717:
716:
710:
709:
697:
693:(in French).
692:
686:
678:
672:
663:
661:
651:
642:
635:. p. 16.
634:
627:
619:
612:
604:
598:
594:
593:
585:
583:
578:
562:
558:
550:
547:
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
510:anticommunist
507:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:was dissolved
475:
471:
467:
465:
461:
457:
456:
451:
441:
439:
435:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
375:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:
336:
332:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
297:
293:
290:
289:Ruanda-Urundi
286:
274:
270:
265:
261:
258:
255:
249:
246:
243:
237:
233:
230:
226:
220:
215:
212:
207:
204:
201:
195:
191:
188:
182:
176:
171:
168:
163:
159:
152:
147:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
955:Twagiramungu
929:
924:
846:Sindikubwabo
835:
769:
714:
694:
685:
671:
650:
641:
632:
626:
620:. p. 8.
617:
611:
591:
561:
543:
534:
503:
480:
468:
459:
453:
447:
434:Tare, Rwanda
431:
406:
382:
381:
343:
337:
304:
300:(1976-12-15)
252:Succeeded by
244:
218:
198:Succeeded by
174:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1035:Hutu people
1015:1976 deaths
1010:1924 births
970:Habumuremyi
841:Habyarimana
831:Mbonyumutwa
530:Vietnam War
466:" in 1957.
324:Nationality
240:Preceded by
185:Preceded by
1004:Categories
935:Nsanzimana
573:References
444:Background
307:(possibly
282:1 May 1924
278:1924-05-01
87:newspapers
925:Kayibanda
851:Bizimungu
836:Kayibanda
455:Parmehutu
414:Parmehutu
410:one-party
339:Parmehutu
234:(Interim)
228:President
219:In office
192:(Interim)
175:In office
18:Kayibanda
980:Ngirente
975:Murekezi
950:Kambanda
528:and the
407:de facto
209:1st
165:1st
960:Rwigema
875:interim
706:Sources
506:Western
399:Belgium
371:
363:
359:
328:Rwandan
309:Kabgayi
305:unknown
101:scholar
965:Makuza
856:Kagame
599:
522:Africa
351:Spouse
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
553:Notes
540:Death
403:Tutsi
365:(
361:
108:JSTOR
94:books
597:ISBN
565:1991
499:1969
391:Hutu
295:Died
285:Tare
272:Born
80:news
63:by
1006::
659:^
581:^
532:.
508:,
367:m.
287:,
906:e
899:t
892:v
812:e
805:t
798:v
605:.
458:(
346:)
342:(
311:)
280:)
276:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)