31:
52:
2544:
243:
1717:
and is spongy and pink. The top of the mesocarp is fibrous, from 3 cm long and up. Though
Martelli did not have a complete syncarp, he knew the cluster of fruit must be large, estimating at least 30 cm in diameter. He was correct, as the fruiting cluster is typically 15 to 30 cm in
1775:
of karuka, many with different kernel shapes. There are likely many more, as some are known only to a small number of people in a single settlement. 'Tabuna' and 'Henga' are some of the most important. 'Tabuna' is popular because it is high-yielding, tastes good, and has no
2489:. The crop has a medium potential for large-scale sustainable commercialization in the region, but care must be taken in the sensitive local environments to expanded agriculture. Diets of tree owners could also be negatively influenced by rapid commercialization.
3064:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
3631:
Fruits and Nuts: Research and
Development Issues in Papua New Guinea Papers presented at the Fruits and Nuts Workshop held at the IATP Farmer Training Centre, University of Natural Resource and Environment (formerly University of Vudal) from 11β13 October
2657:
also plant seeds directly. New nuts will grow when a tree is at least five or six years old, and can keep producing for up to fifty years. The tree can tolerate temperatures down to 3 Β°C for extended periods and 0 Β°C for short periods. The
1598:. The top of the tree sometimes branches, producing three or four crowns of leaves. Each crown will produce a single cluster of nuts, typically once every other season. Production is affected by the seasonality of local rainfall.
1686:. Female flowers can produce fruit without pollination, and are typically the only trees cultivated. The tree stops making leaves when new fruit is growing. The syncarp has up to a thousand densely-packed single-celled
3063:
2360:
4100:
1590:
up to forty feet (twelve meters) in length and six inches (15 cm) or more in diameter.. The trunk has white mottling and is generally smooth with occasional warts or small knobs as well as rings of
3003:
3639:
3002:. AFTSEMU (Agricultural Field Trials, Surveys, Evaluation and Monitoring Unit) of the World Bank funded project in the Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea. pp. 64β71.
1701:
drupes measure up to 12 cm long and have a sharpened base, but typically are 9Γ1.5 cm, and are a pale blue-green color. Each cluster contains about 1000 nuts. The
3040:
3265:. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Proceedings. Vol. 69. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. pp. 45β55.
2478:, who are sometimes fed the fruits) will move from the valleys to higher elevations at harvest time, often for several weeks. Each household will average 12 to 176 trees.
1582:(individual plants either have male flowers or female ones), with male trees uncommon compared to females. It reaches 10β30 metres (33β98 ft) in height, with a grey
144:
2397:
eat the leaves and can sometimes kill trees. Growers will stuff leaves and grass in between the leaves of the crown to keep insects out. An unknown species of black
1141:
774:
3825:. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. C-120. Canberra: Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY. pp. 1β6.
1753:
1257:
160:
1295:
4136:
3860:
2348:
2273:
Karuka produces fruit around
February, with an occasional secondary season in July. Typically each branch will only flower every other year. The natural
1206:
2994:
2470:. In PNG nearly 2 million people (almost half the rural population) live in regions where karuka is commonly eaten. There is high demand for it in the
2387:
2342:
2323:
1269:
2332:
2327:
2178:
1718:
diameter. A mature head and stalk weigh up to 16 kg, but average 6 kg. but weights up to sixty pounds ((27,3 kilograms) have been reported.
1308:
1263:
4430:
2706:
2670:
2294:
2265:. It grows in both dry and wet soils, but prefers good soil fertility. Trees will grow in clumped groups of 5 to 10 individuals per hectare.
1608:
pairs. The large leathery leaves are 3β4 metres (9.8β13.1 ft) long and 8β12 centimetres (3.1β4.7 in) wide. The apex of the leaf is
4399:
2485:
typically will have 12 to 50 fruits for sale. With some coordination between state agencies and private sector, karuka could have export
3400:
Denham, Tim (July 2007). "Exploiting diversity: plant exploitation and occupation in the interior of New Guinea during the
Pleistocene".
3629:
1547:, hence the names have been used interchangeably by multiple publications from different regions and might be a separate species in the
3263:
South
Pacific Indigenous Nuts. Proceedings of a workshop held from 31 October to 4 November 1994 at Le Lagon Resort, Port Vila, Vanuatu
1575:
He was hesitant to describe it as a new species from only that, but the characteristics were so salient he published his description.
4070:
3071:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
3789:
5030:
3032:
5043:
1273:, but nuts from these trees are a much smaller part of the local diet. In contexts where multiple karuka species are discussed,
3326:
2524:
or sold at local marketplaces. The uncooked clusters can also be stored for months buried in waterlogged earth, which possibly
2401:
will burrow into the cluster and eat the spongy core, causing the nuts to turn black and the whole bunch to fall off the tree.
2598:
Some subjective reports indicate that children are healthier after karuka season, but there may also be increased incidence of
3948:. Canberra: Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University. pp. 313β334.
3545:
3373:
3199:
3076:
2990:
3090:
2659:
5233:
5218:
2686:
2615:
Trunks and buttress roots are used for building. The sheets of bark are used for house walls. The leaves are used for
5238:
4336:
Halvaksz, Jamon (December 2010). "The
Photographic Assemblage: Duration, History and Photography in Papua New Guinea".
3838:
3750:
2466:
On New Guinea karuka is cultivated crop, and has been used as a major food source since nearly 31,000 years ago in the
2458:. Hanging nuts in the smoky areas above fires can prevent this, but after a while the taste of the nuts is affected.
5243:
5203:
3953:
3905:
3270:
2603:
1650:. The male flowers are white, and the whole male flowering organ may be up to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) long.
1609:
51:
5056:
3815:
2525:
5213:
4972:
4470:
2810:
2302:
5126:
2159:
It is possible a cultivar is listed more than once under different names, as Papua New Guinea has a very high
5228:
5175:
2424:
3932:(1992). "Kalam Pandanus Language: An Old New Guinea Experiment in Language Engineering". In Dutton, Tom E.;
1137:
770:
5208:
3900:]. illustrations by Christopher Healey. New Zealand: Auckland University Press. pp. 53, 150, 152.
3028:
2309:) helps spread karuka seeds. A fallen syncarp will disintegrate completely in about 3 days in the forest.
1613:
4030:
Martelli): Physicochemical
Properties, Total Phenols, Total Carotene, Vitamin E and Antioxidant Activity"
2234:
5048:
3356:(1982). "New Guinea Pandanaceae: First approach to ecology and biogeography". In Gressitt, J. L. (ed.).
5121:
4423:"Karukas to be put to acid test in Central playoffs The Goilala Karukas are set to move into high gear"
2432:
2242:
2238:
1572:
5113:
3638:. Workshop Proceedings. Vol. 9. Lae, Papua New Guinea: National Agricultural Research Institute.
4592:
4422:
1675:
is 3 ΞΌm in diameter. Pollen grains measure an average of 30 Γ 14.5 ΞΌm in size.
4620:
4597:
2663:
5087:
4387:
3816:"The 'Pandanus Languages' of the Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea - a further report"
2860:
Rose, C. J. (1982). Bourke, Richard
Michael; Kesavan, V. (eds.). "Preliminary Observations on the
5223:
5009:
3933:
2646:
2608:
1198:
3742:
3734:
2447:). Growers will put platforms or other obstacles on the trunks of trees to keep the pests out.
4934:
4895:
4692:
3667:
3353:
2440:
2166:
1705:
is bony and thin, 5Β½ cm long, with rounded edges about 1Β½ cm wide. The seed-bearing
5149:
1072:
658:
5074:
4890:
671:
187:
4219:
5017:
4912:
4773:
4714:
4565:
4523:
4277:
4215:
4161:
Kiwo, Terenius; Moeldjono, Soetjipto; Ungirwalu, Antoni; Murdjoko, Agustinus (2023-06-30).
3683:
2626:. The leaves were the preferred building material for housing in Papua New Guinea before
2471:
2416:
2382:
2274:
1723:
1186:
697:
4268:
in pollen records and the implications for the study of early agriculture in New Guinea".
4179:
4162:
4025:
8:
5082:
4818:
4698:
4518:
4228:
4204:"The utilization of Pandan Coconut (Pandanaceae) at the interior tribes Papua, Indonesia"
4203:
4163:"Jenis Kelapa Hutan (Pandanus spp.) pada Tipologi Kebun Pekarangan Masyarakat Suku Lanny"
4049:
3777:
2254:
1560:
1457:
1447:
1290:
1140:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
773:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
4281:
3687:
2160:
1780:
on who/what can eat it and how/if it is cooked. At least two varieties are edible raw.
1519:. Meanwhile according to field research by Zebua et al. in Pirime District, Lanny Jaya,
5157:
5100:
4823:
4738:
4463:
4369:
4309:
3715:
3595:
3471:
3413:
2711:
2619:
2393:
2375:
2370:
2206:
1528:
1486:
1085:
1052:
858:
684:
638:
359:
211:
46:
5198:
5069:
4991:
4719:
4587:
4545:
4506:
4373:
4361:
4353:
4301:
4293:
4233:
4184:
4128:
4120:
4062:
4054:
3993:
3988:
Pawley, Andrew; Bulmer, Ralph; Kias, John; Gi, Simon Peter; Majnep, Ian Saem (2011).
3967:
3959:
3949:
3911:
3901:
3852:
3844:
3834:
3756:
3746:
3707:
3699:
3599:
3559:
3551:
3541:
3483:
3475:
3425:
3417:
3379:
3369:
3318:
3309:
3276:
3266:
3255:
3205:
3195:
3082:
3072:
2877:
2802:
2794:
2501:
2402:
2261:
between 1,300 and 3,300 m in elevation in areas that get 2β5 m mean annual
2177:
are a single species with many varieties, but does not support this point. However,
1672:
1372:
1241:
710:
30:
4313:
2352:). The leaf moulds do not do much damage. The sooty mould seems to grow on insect
1664:(unornamented outer wall) 0.8 ΞΌm thick. The ornamentation is granular between
5162:
4996:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4835:
4582:
4555:
4345:
4285:
4223:
4174:
4112:
4044:
3826:
3719:
3691:
3591:
3467:
3409:
3361:
3311:
Taim hangre: variation in subsistence food supply in the Papua New Guinea highlands
3187:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2758:
2754:
2694:
2408:
2210:
2182:
1605:
1564:
1434:
1303:
224:
203:
4154:
4957:
4872:
4763:
4743:
4685:
4670:
4550:
4533:
4511:
4349:
3365:
3191:
2592:
2373:
and necrosis on the leaves, but causes more severe damage to the related species
2315:
2298:
2258:
2250:
2190:
1632:
1548:
1340:
1324:
1300:
1247:
89:
3582:
Franklin, Karl J. (September 1972). "A Ritual
Pandanus Language of New Guinea".
2576:
1586:
of 30 centimetres (12 inches) in diameter and supported by prop roots or flying
5095:
4560:
3945:
3360:. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 1. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 401β436.
3066:
2690:
2599:
2537:
2282:
2226:
2222:
1583:
1424:
1380:
1245:, though the latter is usually called 'wild karuka'. Both species, as well as
1210:
76:
4066:
3711:
3487:
3383:
5192:
4805:
4768:
4758:
4456:
4365:
4357:
4305:
4297:
4237:
4188:
4132:
4124:
4058:
3997:
3971:
3963:
3937:
3929:
3915:
3856:
3848:
3760:
3703:
3603:
3479:
3429:
3421:
3322:
3209:
2806:
2798:
2654:
2588:
2564:
2556:
2486:
2262:
2246:
2218:
1628:
1587:
1412:
1408:
1364:
1360:
1344:
1320:
992:
982:
922:
814:
513:
503:
443:
329:
295:
102:
5139:
3280:
2881:
1669:
242:
4840:
4732:
4660:
4577:
3889:
3563:
3086:
2568:
2543:
2475:
2398:
1765:
802:
271:
4983:
3027:
1189:
will move their entire households closer to trees for the harvest season.
4966:
4680:
4488:
4479:
4116:
2650:
2635:
2627:
2584:
2529:
2509:
2482:
2467:
2278:
1728:
1540:
1490:
1174:
1122:
755:
255:
122:
5035:
4880:
4860:
4798:
4785:
4635:
4289:
4103:[Ethnobotany Types of Pandanaceae as Foodstuffs in Indonesia].
3830:
3695:
2645:
Karuka can be cultivated by cutting a mature branch and replanting it (
2580:
2560:
2505:
2337:
2230:
2214:
1644:
1316:
1178:
912:
882:
423:
393:
373:
112:
4101:"Etnobotani Jenis-Jenis Pandanaceae Sebagai Bahan Pangan di Indonesia"
4885:
4811:
4748:
4704:
4625:
3992:. Pacific Linguistics. Vol. 630. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
3674:
from Ok Tedi region, Papua New Guinea, collected by Debra Donoghue".
3261:. In Stevens, M.L.; Bourke, Richard Michael; Evans, Barry R. (eds.).
2572:
2493:
2455:
2319:
1772:
1764:"Pebet" redirects here. For the bird mentioned in Metei culture, see
1714:
1636:
1591:
1579:
1485:. According to field research by Kiwo et al. in Melagineri District,
1226:
962:
872:
616:
603:
593:
483:
383:
339:
4928:
2762:
5134:
4951:
4902:
4830:
4726:
4572:
4540:
4528:
2996:
Growing food in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea
2674:
2623:
2616:
2497:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1446:
The plant also has many names on the other half of the island. In
1222:
952:
932:
473:
453:
132:
5061:
1678:
On female trees, the inflorescence is a single ellipsoid or ovoid
1617:
5170:
5004:
4917:
4665:
4650:
4645:
4260:
Haberle, Simon G. (November 1995). "Identification of cultivated
2540:
cluster can also be cooked and eaten after the nuts are removed.
2533:
2513:
1694:
1679:
1658:
1595:
1235:' or 'karuka nut pandanus'. The term 'karuka' can apply to both
1182:
1012:
1002:
972:
892:
573:
533:
523:
493:
433:
403:
5022:
3555:
2870:
Proceedings of the Second Papua New Guinea Food Crops Conference
2181:
notes that the pollen of the two trees are indistinguishable by
16:
Species of tree in the family Pandanaceae and regional food crop
4907:
4753:
4655:
4640:
4630:
4615:
4195:
2631:
2521:
2517:
2412:
2312:
2290:
2202:
1706:
1687:
1665:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1621:
1022:
942:
902:
543:
463:
413:
4160:
3538:
Roots of the Earth: Crops in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea
3446:
Tomlinson, D. L. (January 1988). "A Leaf and Fruit Disease of
2677:, karukas are planted as boundary lines between garden plots.
2555:
content means the nuts can be processed into an edible yellow
1624:. The leaves are dark green on top and dull cyan underneath.
5108:
4793:
4675:
4607:
4501:
4496:
3823:
Culture change, language change - case studies from Melanesia
2639:
2353:
1777:
1683:
1661:
1568:
285:
63:
3059:
3057:
2579:
5.03 mg/100 g). The color of the oil is from the
2286:
2233:. In Papua New Guinea, the tree is most commonly grown in
1601:
4024:
Zebua, Lisye Iriana; Purnamasari, Vita (26 January 2018).
3788:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN. 1993β2007.
3033:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
2481:
Trade in karuka is small-scale and not commercial. Local
2253:, and it is found in all provinces on the mainland except
4202:
Zebua, L I; Budi, I M; Wanimbo, E; Suharno (2020-10-01).
3944:. Pacific Linguistics Series C. Vol. 110. Memory of
3054:
2552:
2451:
834:
315:
3942:
The Language Game: Papers in Memory of Donald C. Laycock
3741:. London and New York: Tavistock Publications. pp.
2587:
activity for the oil is fairly low, and it is higher in
1709:
is around 4 cm long. The core of the mature head (
1472:
1460:
4448:
4201:
2583:, which are at a concentration of 2.75 ΞΌg/g. The
4208:
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
2508:. Nuts that aren't immediately eaten are typically
2356:. The black leaf mold only affects some varieties.
2520:. Smoked or cooked karuka is either stored in the
1371:, but it is unclear which dialect(s). In the Kewa
3987:
3628:Quartermain, Alan R.; Tomi, Barbara, eds. (2010).
3068:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
2532:and one of the few plants in the area with a high
2150:
2137:
2130:
2120:
2113:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1917:
1910:
1900:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1866:
1853:
1846:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1510:
1500:
1494:
1428:
1383:term, in both standard and pandanus languages, is
4173:(1). Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Papua: 1β17.
4098:
2201:Giulianetti's type specimens were collected from
1062:
648:
583:
5190:
4023:
3813:
3023:
3021:
2213:). The tree can be found cultivated or wild on
1466:
1451:
1251:, can be called 'pandanus nut'. In addition to
1173:) is a species of tree in the screwpine family (
3983:
3981:
3627:
3540:. Manchester, UK: Manchester university Press.
3182:Lim, Tong Kwee (2012). "Pandanus julianettii".
2512:for storage. The karuka kernels have a sweet,
1635:with a dozen long spikes, each containing many
1230:
1216:
3739:Talk Never Dies: The Language of Huli Disputes
3623:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3613:
2707:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
2634:leaves on male inflorescences are used by the
2612:). But the connections, if any, are unclear.
4464:
3990:A Dictionary of Kalam with Ethnographic Notes
3018:
2229:and in the highlands of New Guinea's central
1438:
3978:
3887:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3441:
3439:
3256:"Edible indigenous nuts in Papua New Guinea"
2405:sometimes attack the prop root of the tree.
1328:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4088:
3814:Franklin, Karl J.; Stefaniw, Roman (1992).
3809:
3807:
3610:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3186:. Vol. 4. Springer. pp. 128β130.
2749:
2747:
2385:(Tettigoniidae) are serious insect pests.
1830:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1334:
1185:, and are so popular that villagers in the
4471:
4457:
4420:
4414:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
3772:
3770:
3662:
3660:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3029:United States Food and Drug Administration
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
1402:
1354:
1348:
29:
4227:
4178:
4048:
3883:
3881:
3445:
3436:
3395:
3393:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3184:Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2662:is 10β12, and is hardy to zone 10 in the
1594:. Inside the trunk is pithy and lacking
1319:it has different names among each of the
1177:) and an important regional food crop in
4335:
4329:
4085:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
3804:
3581:
3570:
3535:
3494:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2753:
2542:
4421:Pangkatana, John (September 21, 2018).
4259:
4244:
3767:
3732:
3726:
3657:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3294:
2724:
1731:. People also harvest and eat nuts of
1277:is sometimes termed 'planted karuka'.
260:2,259β2,929 kJ (540β700 kcal)
5191:
4433:from the original on 20 September 2018
4099:Purwanto, Y.; Munawaroh, Esti (2010).
3928:
3922:
3878:
3399:
3390:
3358:Biogeography and Ecology of New Guinea
3307:
3253:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
2989:
4933:
4932:
4452:
4180:10.46703/jurnalpapuasia.vol9.iss1.423
4004:
3666:
3645:from the original on 23 November 2018
3352:
3216:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
2888:
2824:
1616:pointing up at the tip and along the
1477:), but these names can also refer to
1181:. The nuts are more nutritious than
5176:2BC17728-6686-47E5-BBD3-55754955C5AB
5114:2B1A061B-A92C-D7B0-CB3B-C41E9F469165
4402:from the original on 6 December 2018
4380:
4270:Vegetation History and Archaeobotany
4050:10.24843/JBIOUNUD.2017.vol21.i02.p05
3866:from the original on 5 December 2020
3792:from the original on 6 December 2018
3341:
3329:from the original on 30 October 2018
3308:Bourke, Richard Michael (May 1988).
3006:from the original on 30 October 2018
2859:
2771:Webbia, Raccolta di Scritti Botanici
1631:on male trees is a densely-branched
3181:
2767:Nuove Specie Descritte Manipolo II"
2277:is unknown, but the flowers can be
1682:, or fruiting head, with off-white
13:
4073:from the original on 17 April 2018
3596:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1972.tb01197.x
3472:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1988.tb00948.x
3414:10.1002/j.1834-4453.2007.tb00015.x
3317:. Australian National University.
3104:
2450:Harvested nuts are often beset by
1639:phalanges. In each phalange is a
1255:, 'wild karuka' can also refer to
14:
5255:
2536:content. The spongy core of the
1643:3 mm long topped by up to 9
1229:. Sometimes the tree is called '
5127:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:671075-1
3254:Bourke, Richard Michael (1994).
2496:, a white kernel, is eaten raw,
2474:: Entire households (including
2461:
2225:). Wild trees are found on the
241:
50:
4320:
3093:from the original on 2024-05-09
3043:from the original on 2024-03-27
2813:from the original on 2022-08-12
2571:. The oil is a good source of
2196:
4229:10.1088/1755-1315/575/1/012211
2783:10.1080/00837792.1907.10803460
2425:eastern white-eared giant rats
1554:
1:
4326:Webbia Volume 2 (1908) p.433.
4026:"Oil of Pandan Kelapa Hutan (
2717:
2680:
2217:, both in PNG and Indonesia (
1690:that later turn into drupes.
4350:10.1080/02757206.2010.521556
3366:10.1007/978-94-009-8632-9_17
3192:10.1007/978-94-007-4053-2_17
2630:contact. The durable white
1759:
1527:, while in another study in
1389:, but it can also be called
1136:Percentages estimated using
769:Percentages estimated using
7:
2700:
2559:. Karuka contains 52.39%
2547:Oil extracted from the nuts
2303:Lorentz's mosaic-tailed rat
1559:The species was originally
1473:
1461:
791:Nutritional value per 100 g
250:Nutritional value per 100 g
10:
5260:
5234:Non-timber forest products
5219:Fruits originating in Asia
3733:Goldman, Laurence (1983).
2516:taste, or savory and like
2362:Pectobacterium carotovorum
2268:
1763:
1721:It most closely resembles
1573:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1571:in the collections of the
1433:in the Wola dialect. The
5239:Papua New Guinean cuisine
4941:
4871:
4784:
4606:
4486:
4167:Jurnal Kehutanan Papuasia
4105:Berkala Penelitian Hayati
3894:Birds of my Kalam Country
3460:Journal of Phytopathology
2411:also eat the nuts, as do
1783:Named varieties include:
1713:) has an appearance like
1612:and doubly-pleated, with
1209:, who found the original
1135:
1131:
1121:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1084:
1071:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1001:
991:
981:
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
901:
891:
881:
871:
855:
851:
847:
831:
827:
823:
813:
799:
795:
790:
768:
764:
754:
746:
734:
730:
722:
709:
696:
683:
670:
657:
636:
632:
628:
615:
602:
592:
571:
567:
563:
556:
552:
542:
532:
522:
512:
502:
492:
482:
472:
462:
452:
442:
432:
422:
412:
402:
392:
382:
372:
356:
352:
348:
338:
328:
312:
308:
304:
294:
284:
268:
264:
254:
249:
240:
217:
210:
193:
186:
47:Scientific classification
45:
37:
28:
23:
5244:Austronesian agriculture
5204:Plants described in 1907
4896:Queensland macadamia nut
4478:
4338:History and Anthropology
3821:. In Dutton, Tom (ed.).
2653:can also be replanted.
2433:Rothschild's woolly rats
2346:), and fungus on seeds (
2189:may also be part of the
1192:
4220:2020E&ES..575a2211Z
3668:Stone, Benjamin Clemens
3536:Stilltoe, Paul (1983).
2791:2027/mdp.39015038487925
2697:is called the Karukas.
2609:Clostridium perfringens
2441:giant naked-tailed rats
2151:
2138:
2131:
2121:
2114:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1918:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1867:
1854:
1847:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1604:spiral up the trunk in
1511:
1501:
1495:
1439:
1429:
1403:
1401:. The plant is called
1397:
1391:
1385:
1355:
1349:
1335:
1329:
1231:
1217:
1138:US recommendations
771:US recommendations
4693:Johnstone River almond
4037:Jurnal Biologi Udayana
3458:in Papua New Guinea".
3402:Archaeology in Oceania
2647:vegetative propagation
2548:
2528:it. It is a regional
2167:Benjamin Clemens Stone
1467:
1452:
1142:the National Academies
786:Karuka core (mesocarp)
775:the National Academies
5214:Edible nuts and seeds
4621:Australian cashew nut
4028:Pandanus jiulianettii
3898:MnΜmon Yad Kalam Yakt
2866:Pandanus jiulianettii
2546:
2417:squirrel-toothed rats
2383:Longhorn grasshoppers
2307:Paramelomys lorentzii
1727:, which is found the
1668:(short spines). The
1037:Vitamins and minerals
558:Vitamins and minerals
236:Karuka nuts (kernels)
5229:Tropical agriculture
5088:Pandanus julianettii
4973:Pandanus julianettii
4943:Pandanus julianettii
4390:Pandanus julianettii
3780:Pandanus julianettii
3735:"Talking about talk"
2693:League the team for
2472:New Guinea Highlands
2437:Mallomys rothschildi
2293:. According to the
2275:pollination syndrome
2161:linguistic diversity
1523:is used to refer to
1237:Pandanus julianettii
1205:" honors naturalist
1159:Pandanus julianettii
221:Pandanus jiulianetti
197:Pandanus julianettii
39:Pandanus julianettii
5209:Trees of New Guinea
4699:Irvingia gabonensis
4427:Post Courier Online
4396:Plants for a Future
4282:1995VegHA...4..195H
3688:1984EcBot..38..304S
1771:There are up to 45
787:
237:
179:P. julianettii
4856:Single-leaf pinyon
4290:10.1007/BF00235751
4142:on 29 October 2018
4117:10.5072/FK2/Z6P0OQ
3888:Majnep, Ian Saem;
3831:10.15144/PL-C120.1
3696:10.1007/BF02859008
3452:Erwinia carotovora
3448:Pandanus conoideus
3354:Stone, Benjamin C.
2712:Pandanus languages
2549:
2403:Woodboring beetles
2394:Segestidea montana
2376:Pandanus conoideus
2371:bacterial soft rot
2349:Macrophoma pandani
2318:of karuka include
2235:Southern Highlands
2207:British New Guinea
1299:, which is in the
1207:Amedeo Giulianetti
1111:Other constituents
785:
736:Other constituents
235:
5186:
5185:
5070:Open Tree of Life
4935:Taxon identifiers
4926:
4925:
4824:Monkey-puzzle nut
4686:Shellbark hickory
4671:Mockernut hickory
4631:Borneo tallow nut
4107:(in Indonesian).
3946:Donald C. Laycock
3547:978-0-7190-0874-0
3375:978-94-009-8632-9
3201:978-94-007-4053-2
3078:978-0-309-48834-1
2759:Martelli, Ugolino
2757:(December 1907).
2755:Martelli, Ugolino
2421:Anisomys imitator
2388:Segestes gracilis
2343:Meliola juttingii
2324:diffuse leaf spot
2243:Eastern Highlands
2239:Western Highlands
1373:pandanus language
1353:, and it is also
1150:
1149:
1101:
1100:
783:
782:
726:
725:
233:
232:
227:
5251:
5179:
5178:
5166:
5165:
5153:
5152:
5143:
5142:
5130:
5129:
5117:
5116:
5104:
5103:
5091:
5090:
5078:
5077:
5065:
5064:
5052:
5051:
5039:
5038:
5026:
5025:
5013:
5012:
5000:
4999:
4987:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4930:
4929:
4681:Shagbark hickory
4583:Malabar chestnut
4473:
4466:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4257:
4242:
4241:
4231:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4182:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4135:. Archived from
4096:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4052:
4034:
4021:
4002:
4001:
3985:
3976:
3975:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3885:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3774:
3765:
3764:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3644:
3637:
3625:
3608:
3607:
3579:
3568:
3567:
3533:
3492:
3491:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3350:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3316:
3305:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3260:
3251:
3214:
3213:
3179:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3001:
2991:French, Bruce R.
2987:
2886:
2885:
2857:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2751:
2695:Goilala District
2687:Central Province
2593:unsaturated fats
2333:Lembosia pandani
2328:black leaf mould
2251:Chimbu Provinces
2211:Papua New Guinea
2183:light microscopy
2179:Simon G. Haberle
2154:
2141:
2134:
2124:
2117:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1921:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1870:
1857:
1850:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1567:from only a few
1565:Ugolino Martelli
1531:, the Lani used
1514:
1504:
1498:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1455:
1442:
1435:Imbongu language
1432:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1358:
1352:
1338:
1332:
1289:are also in the
1234:
1220:
1199:specific epithet
1066:
1033:
1032:
788:
784:
652:
587:
554:
553:
245:
238:
234:
223:
199:
165:
149:
55:
54:
33:
21:
20:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5174:
5169:
5161:
5156:
5148:
5146:
5138:
5133:
5125:
5120:
5112:
5107:
5099:
5094:
5086:
5081:
5073:
5068:
5060:
5055:
5047:
5042:
5034:
5029:
5021:
5016:
5008:
5003:
4995:
4990:
4982:
4980:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4937:
4927:
4922:
4867:
4841:Colorado pinyon
4780:
4602:
4482:
4477:
4447:
4446:
4436:
4434:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4403:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4258:
4245:
4200:
4196:
4159:
4155:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4097:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4032:
4022:
4005:
3986:
3979:
3956:
3927:
3923:
3908:
3886:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3841:
3818:
3812:
3805:
3795:
3793:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3753:
3731:
3727:
3676:Economic Botany
3665:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3626:
3611:
3580:
3571:
3548:
3534:
3495:
3444:
3437:
3398:
3391:
3376:
3351:
3342:
3332:
3330:
3314:
3306:
3295:
3285:
3283:
3273:
3258:
3252:
3217:
3202:
3180:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3079:
3062:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3026:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2999:
2988:
2889:
2858:
2825:
2816:
2814:
2752:
2725:
2720:
2703:
2683:
2600:tropical ulcers
2464:
2369:can also cause
2299:Madang Province
2271:
2259:montane forests
2257:. It grows in
2199:
2191:species complex
2157:
1769:
1762:
1754:P. odoratissima
1733:P. antaresensis
1557:
1341:Baruya language
1325:Ankave language
1258:P. antaresensis
1195:
1145:
1092:
1079:
1067:
1038:
867:
862:
843:
838:
806:
778:
717:
704:
691:
678:
665:
653:
623:
610:
588:
559:
368:
363:
324:
319:
280:
275:
206:
201:
195:
182:
163:
147:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5257:
5247:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5224:Tropical fruit
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5167:
5163:wfo-0000730309
5154:
5144:
5131:
5118:
5105:
5092:
5079:
5066:
5053:
5040:
5027:
5014:
5001:
4988:
4978:
4963:
4947:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4851:Mexican pinyon
4848:
4843:
4838:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4769:English walnut
4766:
4761:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4715:Planted karuka
4707:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4612:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4593:Red bopple nut
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4556:European hazel
4553:
4548:
4546:American hazel
4538:
4537:
4536:
4534:Sweet chestnut
4526:
4521:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4512:European beech
4509:
4507:American beech
4499:
4493:
4491:
4489:botanical nuts
4484:
4483:
4476:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4444:
4413:
4379:
4344:(4): 411β429.
4328:
4319:
4276:(4): 195β210.
4243:
4194:
4153:
4084:
4003:
3977:
3954:
3938:Tryon, Darrell
3930:Pawley, Andrew
3921:
3906:
3877:
3840:978-0858834118
3839:
3803:
3766:
3752:978-0422782104
3751:
3725:
3682:(3): 304β313.
3670:(July 1984). "
3656:
3609:
3569:
3546:
3493:
3435:
3389:
3374:
3340:
3293:
3271:
3215:
3200:
3103:
3077:
3053:
3017:
2887:
2823:
2773:(in Italian).
2722:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2702:
2699:
2682:
2679:
2660:USDA hardiness
2538:multiple fruit
2463:
2460:
2429:Hyomys goliath
2285:is by humans,
2283:Seed dispersal
2270:
2267:
2227:Huon Peninsula
2223:Highland Papua
2209:(now southern
2198:
2195:
2171:P. julianettii
2156:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1761:
1758:
1724:P. utilissimus
1588:buttress roots
1556:
1553:
1537:P. julianettii
1474:forest coconut
1462:coconut pandan
1425:Angal language
1419:. It goes by
1381:Kalam language
1321:Papuan peoples
1279:P. julianettii
1275:P. julianettii
1211:type specimens
1194:
1191:
1162:, also called
1148:
1147:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1056:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
989:
988:
985:
979:
978:
975:
969:
968:
965:
959:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
929:
928:
925:
919:
918:
915:
909:
908:
905:
899:
898:
895:
889:
888:
885:
879:
878:
875:
869:
868:
865:
863:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
839:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
821:
820:
817:
811:
810:
807:
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
781:
780:
766:
765:
762:
761:
758:
752:
751:
748:
744:
743:
738:
732:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
720:
719:
715:
713:
707:
706:
702:
700:
694:
693:
689:
687:
681:
680:
676:
674:
668:
667:
663:
661:
655:
654:
647:
642:
634:
633:
630:
629:
626:
625:
621:
619:
613:
612:
608:
606:
600:
599:
596:
590:
589:
582:
577:
569:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
550:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
506:
500:
499:
496:
490:
489:
486:
480:
479:
476:
470:
469:
466:
460:
459:
456:
450:
449:
446:
440:
439:
436:
430:
429:
426:
420:
419:
416:
410:
409:
406:
400:
399:
396:
390:
389:
386:
380:
379:
376:
370:
369:
366:
364:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
346:
345:
342:
336:
335:
332:
326:
325:
322:
320:
313:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
278:
276:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
252:
251:
247:
246:
231:
230:
229:
228:
215:
214:
208:
207:
202:
191:
190:
184:
183:
176:
174:
170:
169:
158:
154:
153:
142:
138:
137:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
93:
92:
87:
80:
79:
74:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
43:
42:
41:fruit cluster
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5256:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5194:
5177:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5159:
5155:
5151:
5145:
5141:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5011:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4931:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4891:Macadamia nut
4889:
4888:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4836:Chilgoza pine
4834:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4813:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4800:
4799:Burrawang nut
4797:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4646:Chilean hazel
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4598:Yellow walnut
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4474:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4451:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4401:
4398:. 1996β2012.
4397:
4393:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4323:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4214:(1): 012211.
4213:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4157:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4029:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3982:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3955:0-85883-400-6
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3934:Ross, Malcolm
3931:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3907:9780196479538
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3890:Bulmer, Ralph
3884:
3882:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3808:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3773:
3771:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3641:
3634:
3633:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3313:
3312:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3272:1-86320-485-7
3268:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3005:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2565:palmitic acid
2562:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2487:market access
2484:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:Use by humans
2459:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2359:The bacteria
2357:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2263:precipitation
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2219:Central Papua
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1757:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:inflorescence
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1453:pandan kelapa
1450:it is called
1449:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1413:Pole language
1410:
1409:Wiru language
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:Kewa language
1362:
1361:Duna language
1357:
1351:
1346:
1345:Huli language
1342:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
994:
993:Glutamic acid
990:
986:
984:
983:Aspartic acid
980:
976:
974:
970:
966:
964:
960:
956:
954:
950:
946:
944:
940:
936:
934:
930:
926:
924:
923:Phenylalanine
920:
916:
914:
910:
906:
904:
900:
896:
894:
890:
886:
884:
880:
876:
874:
870:
864:
861:
860:
854:
850:
846:
840:
837:
836:
830:
826:
822:
818:
816:
815:Dietary fiber
812:
808:
805:
804:
803:Carbohydrates
798:
794:
789:
776:
772:
767:
763:
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
742:
739:
737:
733:
729:
721:
714:
712:
708:
701:
699:
695:
688:
686:
682:
675:
673:
669:
662:
660:
656:
651:
646:
643:
641:
640:
635:
631:
627:
620:
618:
614:
607:
605:
601:
597:
595:
591:
586:
581:
578:
576:
575:
570:
566:
562:
555:
551:
547:
545:
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
525:
521:
517:
515:
514:Glutamic acid
511:
507:
505:
504:Aspartic acid
501:
497:
495:
491:
487:
485:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
465:
461:
457:
455:
451:
447:
445:
444:Phenylalanine
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
425:
421:
417:
415:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
395:
391:
387:
385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
365:
362:
361:
355:
351:
347:
343:
341:
337:
333:
331:
327:
321:
318:
317:
311:
307:
303:
299:
297:
296:Dietary fiber
293:
289:
287:
283:
277:
274:
273:
272:Carbohydrates
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
248:
244:
239:
226:
222:
219:
218:
216:
213:
209:
205:
200:
198:
192:
189:
188:Binomial name
185:
181:
180:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:
143:
140:
139:
136:
135:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
77:Tracheophytes
75:
72:
69:
68:
65:
62:
59:
58:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4942:
4903:Paradise nut
4810:
4759:Black walnut
4733:Panda oleosa
4731:
4709:
4697:
4551:Beaked hazel
4435:. Retrieved
4426:
4416:
4404:. Retrieved
4395:
4389:
4382:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4322:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4211:
4207:
4197:
4170:
4166:
4156:
4144:. Retrieved
4137:the original
4108:
4104:
4075:. Retrieved
4043:(2): 71β77.
4040:
4036:
4027:
3989:
3941:
3924:
3897:
3893:
3868:. Retrieved
3822:
3794:. Retrieved
3785:
3779:
3738:
3728:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3647:. Retrieved
3630:
3590:(1): 66β76.
3587:
3583:
3537:
3466:(1): 19β25.
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3408:(2): 41β48.
3405:
3401:
3357:
3333:27 September
3331:. Retrieved
3310:
3286:27 September
3284:. Retrieved
3262:
3183:
3095:. Retrieved
3067:
3045:. Retrieved
3036:
3010:20 September
3008:. Retrieved
2995:
2873:
2869:
2868:Martelli)".
2865:
2861:
2815:. Retrieved
2774:
2770:
2764:
2684:
2671:Upper Karint
2668:
2644:
2614:
2607:
2597:
2577:Ξ±-tocopherol
2569:stearic acid
2567:, and 0.19%
2550:
2491:
2483:marketplaces
2480:
2465:
2449:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2407:
2392:
2386:
2381:
2374:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2347:
2341:
2331:
2311:
2306:
2295:Kalam people
2289:, and other
2281:by humans.
2272:
2200:
2197:Distribution
2186:
2174:
2170:
2169:posits that
2165:
2158:
2012:Nolorwaembuw
1782:
1770:
1766:Pebet (bird)
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1722:
1720:
1692:
1677:
1652:
1626:
1600:
1578:The tree is
1577:
1558:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1506:
1482:
1478:
1468:kelapa hutan
1445:
1420:
1416:
1415:it's called
1376:
1368:
1314:
1307:
1294:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1215:
1202:
1196:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1115:
1110:
1063:
1058:
1051:
857:
833:
801:
740:
735:
649:
644:
637:
584:
579:
572:
518:2285-2453 mg
508:1064-1197 mg
478:1238-1329 mg
358:
314:
270:
220:
196:
194:
178:
177:
161:
145:
133:
96:
83:
70:
38:
18:
4967:Wikispecies
4913:Peanut tree
4873:Angiosperms
4846:Korean pine
4786:Gymnosperms
4720:Wild karuka
4566:Asian hazel
4392:- Martelli"
2876:: 160β167.
2636:Wola people
2606:(caused by
2585:antioxidant
2581:carotenoids
2530:staple food
2468:Pleistocene
2456:cockroaches
2445:Uromys anak
2366:carotovorum
2175:P. brosimos
2132:Tombpayliya
2053:Piliyhongor
1863:Homagal-iba
1749:P. limbatus
1737:P. brosimos
1729:Philippines
1555:Description
1541:Dani people
1507:P. brosimos
1491:Lani people
1479:P. brosimos
1377:rumala agaa
1306:also named
1287:P. brosimos
1270:P. limbatus
1253:P. brosimos
1242:P. brosimos
1203:julianettii
1175:Pandanaceae
1123:Cholesterol
756:Cholesterol
150:Lophostigma
123:Pandanaceae
90:Angiosperms
5193:Categories
5101:kew-286225
5096:Plant List
4881:Brazil nut
4861:Stone pine
4806:Ginkgo nut
4636:Breadfruit
4406:26 October
4146:25 October
4111:: 97β108.
4077:20 October
4067:7347063503
3870:25 October
3796:26 October
3712:7025621147
3488:4660013776
3456:carotovora
3450:caused by
3384:5679030487
3097:2024-06-21
3047:2024-03-28
2817:2022-09-26
2718:References
2681:In culture
2561:oleic acid
2338:sooty mold
2279:pollinated
2255:East Sepik
2231:cordillera
2215:New Guinea
2026:Ombohonday
1699:pentagonal
1645:subsessile
1592:leaf scars
1529:Jayawijaya
1487:Lanny Jaya
1448:Indonesian
1411:. In the
1323:. In the
1317:New Guinea
1291:subsection
1179:New Guinea
1164:karuka nut
1086:Phosphorus
913:Methionine
883:Isoleucine
692:220-360 mg
685:Phosphorus
548:545-584 mg
538:530-613 mg
528:638-701 mg
498:585-642 mg
488:293-336 mg
468:745-832 mg
458:408-438 mg
448:571-613 mg
438:204-234 mg
428:272-279 mg
424:Methionine
418:426-526 mg
408:904-993 mg
398:503-555 mg
394:Isoleucine
388:435-482 mg
378:102-136 mg
374:Tryptophan
141:Subgenus:
113:Pandanales
5140:100238319
4958:Q15578194
4886:Macadamia
4819:Bunya nut
4812:Araucaria
4764:Butternut
4749:Pistachio
4739:Pekea nut
4661:Gabon nut
4626:Betel nut
4578:Kurrajong
4524:Candlenut
4487:True, or
4437:4 October
4374:144950914
4366:683378311
4358:0275-7206
4306:192800152
4298:1617-6278
4266:Colocasia
4238:1755-1307
4189:2722-6212
4133:981032990
4125:2337-389X
4059:2599-2856
3998:798464842
3972:222981840
3964:0078-7558
3916:251862814
3857:260177442
3849:0078-7558
3761:993340993
3704:1874-9364
3649:2 October
3604:883021898
3480:0931-1785
3430:696476493
3422:1834-4453
3323:224338489
3210:822591349
2807:899525984
2799:2169-4060
2685:In PNG's
2664:UK system
2655:Nurseries
2624:raincapes
2589:saturated
2573:Vitamin E
2563:, 44.90%
2551:The high
2510:sun-dried
2494:endosperm
2320:leaf spot
1936:Korhombom
1773:cultivars
1760:Cultivars
1741:P. dubius
1715:honeycomb
1637:staminate
1610:attenuate
1580:dioecious
1561:described
1539:with the
1301:monotypic
1248:P. dubius
1227:Tok Pisin
1187:highlands
963:Histidine
873:Threonine
705:300.22 mg
698:Potassium
666:97-460 mg
617:Vitamin E
604:Vitamin C
594:Vitamin A
484:Histidine
384:Threonine
367:11.9-18 g
330:Saturated
323:35.6-47 g
279:28-33.5 g
173:Species:
162:Pandanus
157:Section:
146:Pandanus
60:Kingdom:
5199:Pandanus
5150:11155414
5135:Tropicos
5062:671074-1
4981:BioLib:
4952:Wikidata
4831:Pine nut
4774:Heartnut
4744:Pili nut
4727:Mongongo
4705:Jack nut
4588:Palm nut
4573:Kola nut
4541:Hazelnut
4529:Chestnut
4519:Breadnut
4431:Archived
4400:Archived
4314:85369387
4262:Pandanus
4071:Archived
3940:(eds.).
3892:(1977).
3861:Archived
3790:Archived
3672:Pandanus
3640:Archived
3556:82-62247
3327:Archived
3281:38390455
3091:Archived
3087:30844154
3041:Archived
3031:(2024).
3004:Archived
2993:(1982).
2882:17294235
2862:Pandanus
2811:Archived
2765:Pandanus
2701:See also
2689:Premier
2675:Pingirip
2642:shells.
2638:to wrap
2628:colonial
2620:shelters
2526:ferments
2415:such as
2098:Taeshaen
1981:Maeraeng
1843:Hagidara
1811:Dobiyael
1711:mesocarp
1703:endocarp
1673:aperture
1670:ulcerate
1614:prickles
1606:opposite
1543:call it
1493:call it
1437:word is
1347:word is
1333:. It is
1223:loanword
1183:coconuts
1169:Pandanus
1146:Source:
1116:Quantity
1059:Quantity
1053:Minerals
953:Arginine
933:Tyrosine
779:Source:
741:Quantity
718:71.21 mg
645:Quantity
639:Minerals
580:Quantity
574:Vitamins
474:Arginine
454:Tyrosine
300:9.2-25 g
225:Martelli
212:Synonyms
204:Martelli
134:Pandanus
119:Family:
103:Monocots
5171:ZooBank
5075:3967581
5036:5327292
5023:1081737
5005:Ecocrop
4918:Soybean
4666:Hickory
4651:Coconut
4561:Filbert
4278:Bibcode
4216:Bibcode
3786:Ecocrop
3743:254β257
3720:3121361
3684:Bibcode
3584:Oceania
3564:9556314
3454:subsp.
2777:: 433.
2761:(ed.).
2651:Suckers
2604:pig-bel
2534:protein
2522:rafters
2518:walnuts
2514:coconut
2498:roasted
2439:), and
2413:rodents
2409:Possums
2364:subsp.
2291:animals
2269:Ecology
2187:P. iwen
2081:Shuwimb
2060:Posjuwk
1995:Morguwm
1912:Kambiyp
1885:Humbuwm
1745:P. iwen
1695:clavate
1688:carpels
1680:syncarp
1666:echinae
1659:psilate
1648:anthers
1618:margins
1596:cambium
1549:complex
1525:P. Iwen
1517:P. Iwen
1512:owandak
1499:, with
1483:P. iwen
1417:maisene
1407:in the
1379:. The
1359:in the
1343:. The
1339:in the
1304:section
1283:P. iwen
1264:P. iwen
1073:Calcium
1013:Proline
1003:Glycine
973:Alanine
893:Leucine
859:Protein
809:
659:Calcium
624:0.46 mg
611:6.40 mg
534:Proline
524:Glycine
494:Alanine
434:Cystine
404:Leucine
360:Protein
129:Genus:
109:Order:
64:Plantae
24:Karuka
5147:uBio:
5049:461250
4984:952433
4908:Peanut
4754:Walnut
4710:Karuka
4656:Durian
4641:Cashew
4616:Almond
4608:Drupes
4372:
4364:
4356:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4236:
4187:
4131:
4123:
4065:
4057:
3996:
3970:
3962:
3952:
3914:
3904:
3855:
3847:
3837:
3759:
3749:
3718:
3710:
3702:
3602:
3562:
3554:
3544:
3486:
3478:
3428:
3420:
3382:
3372:
3321:
3279:
3269:
3208:
3198:
3085:
3075:
2880:
2805:
2797:
2632:spathe
2506:mumued
2502:smoked
2313:Fungal
2301:, the
2249:, and
2221:&
2203:Vanapa
2110:Tenyon
2091:Tabuwn
2086:Tabuna
2067:Sayzel
2046:Peliya
2007:Ngaule
2002:Nenjay
1957:Mabiyp
1950:Lebaga
1929:Kongop
1924:Kebali
1897:Kabali
1840:Gurubu
1837:Goalia
1790:Baerel
1778:taboos
1751:, and
1747:, and
1707:locule
1684:bracts
1657:has a
1655:pollen
1641:column
1633:spadix
1622:midrib
1602:Leaves
1569:drupes
1533:woromo
1521:woromo
1502:woromo
1489:, the
1465:) and
1427:, and
1375:it is
1367:it is
1363:. In
1330:xweebo
1327:it is
1309:Karuka
1296:Karuka
1293:named
1285:, and
1267:, and
1232:karuga
1218:Karuka
1154:karuka
1093:140 mg
1080:120 mg
1027:315 mg
1023:Serine
1017:196 mg
1007:459 mg
997:748 mg
987:672 mg
977:391 mg
967:162 mg
957:255 mg
947:340 mg
943:Valine
937:323 mg
927:315 mg
917:170 mg
907:196 mg
903:Lysine
897:485 mg
887:281 mg
877:289 mg
842:0.43 g
711:Sodium
679:419 mg
544:Serine
464:Valine
414:Lysine
286:Sugars
256:Energy
166:Karuka
5109:Plazi
4997:6TLJX
4815:spp.
4794:Cycad
4676:Pecan
4502:Beech
4497:Acorn
4370:S2CID
4310:S2CID
4140:(PDF)
4033:(PDF)
3896:[
3864:(PDF)
3819:(PDF)
3716:S2CID
3643:(PDF)
3636:(PDF)
3315:(PDF)
3259:(PDF)
3000:(PDF)
2864:nut (
2691:Rugby
2673:near
2640:pearl
2591:than
2504:, or
2354:frass
2316:pests
2287:birds
2147:Tumbu
2144:Tumbi
2139:Tomok
2105:Taziy
2074:Shond
2039:Pebet
2031:Padua
2019:Ohaib
1974:Maela
1967:Maeka
1902:Kagat
1878:Hones
1873:Honde
1868:Honal
1860:Henga
1832:GaslΕ
1825:Emonk
1662:exine
1584:trunk
1496:gawin
1386:alΕaw
1225:from
1221:is a
1193:Names
866:8.5 g
819:5.3 g
747:Water
677:2328%
340:Trans
164:sect.
148:subg.
97:Clade
84:Clade
71:Clade
5122:POWO
5083:PfaF
5057:IPNI
5044:GRIN
5031:GBIF
5010:8245
4480:Nuts
4439:2018
4408:2018
4362:OCLC
4354:ISSN
4302:OCLC
4294:ISSN
4264:and
4234:ISSN
4185:ISSN
4148:2018
4129:OCLC
4121:ISSN
4079:2018
4063:OCLC
4055:ISSN
3994:OCLC
3968:OCLC
3960:ISSN
3950:ISBN
3912:OCLC
3902:ISBN
3872:2018
3853:OCLC
3845:ISSN
3835:ISBN
3798:2018
3757:OCLC
3747:ISBN
3708:OCLC
3700:ISSN
3651:2018
3632:2005
3600:OCLC
3560:OCLC
3552:LCCN
3542:ISBN
3484:OCLC
3476:ISSN
3426:OCLC
3418:ISSN
3380:OCLC
3370:ISBN
3335:2018
3319:OCLC
3288:2018
3277:OCLC
3267:ISBN
3206:OCLC
3196:ISBN
3083:PMID
3073:ISBN
3012:2018
2878:OCLC
2803:OCLC
2795:ISSN
2649:).
2622:and
2617:bush
2602:and
2492:The
2476:pigs
2454:and
2452:rats
2399:grub
2391:and
2247:Enga
2173:and
2152:Womb
2127:Tolo
2115:Tiyt
2034:Pari
1988:Mbul
1962:Mabu
1943:Laek
1892:Kaba
1848:Hael
1797:Bort
1693:The
1653:The
1627:The
1620:and
1545:tuke
1535:for
1515:for
1505:for
1481:and
1458:lit.
1430:aenk
1398:snay
1392:kumi
1356:anga
1350:anga
1336:yase
1239:and
1197:The
1166:and
1152:The
690:191%
672:Iron
598:2 IU
334:18 g
5158:WFO
5018:EoL
4992:CoL
4346:doi
4286:doi
4224:doi
4212:575
4175:doi
4113:doi
4045:doi
3827:doi
3692:doi
3592:doi
3468:doi
3464:121
3410:doi
3362:doi
3188:doi
3037:FDA
2787:hdl
2779:doi
2669:In
2557:oil
2553:fat
2431:),
2423:),
2336:),
2297:of
2185:.
2122:Toi
1919:Kat
1907:Kai
1855:Hap
1818:Dor
1804:Dob
1563:by
1440:amo
1423:in
1421:ank
1404:ama
1395:or
1369:aga
1315:In
1171:nut
1091:11%
1064:%DV
835:Fat
703:10%
664:62%
650:%DV
585:%DV
316:Fat
290:5 g
5195::
5173::
5160::
5137::
5124::
5111::
5098::
5085::
5072::
5059::
5046::
5033::
5020::
5007::
4994::
4969::
4954::
4429:.
4425:.
4394:.
4368:.
4360:.
4352:.
4342:21
4340:.
4308:.
4300:.
4292:.
4284:.
4272:.
4246:^
4232:.
4222:.
4210:.
4206:.
4183:.
4169:.
4165:.
4127:.
4119:.
4109:5A
4087:^
4069:.
4061:.
4053:.
4041:21
4039:.
4035:.
4006:^
3980:^
3966:.
3958:.
3936:;
3910:.
3880:^
3859:.
3851:.
3843:.
3833:.
3806:^
3784:.
3769:^
3755:.
3745:.
3737:.
3714:.
3706:.
3698:.
3690:.
3680:38
3678:.
3659:^
3612:^
3598:.
3588:43
3586:.
3572:^
3558:.
3550:.
3496:^
3482:.
3474:.
3462:.
3438:^
3424:.
3416:.
3406:42
3404:.
3392:^
3378:.
3368:.
3343:^
3325:.
3296:^
3275:.
3218:^
3204:.
3194:.
3106:^
3089:.
3081:.
3056:^
3039:.
3035:.
3020:^
2890:^
2872:.
2826:^
2809:.
2801:.
2793:.
2785:.
2769:.
2726:^
2666:.
2595:.
2500:,
2379:.
2326:,
2322:,
2245:,
2241:,
2237:,
2205:,
2193:.
2163:.
1743:,
1739:,
1735:,
1697:,
1551:.
1509:,
1443:.
1312:.
1281:,
1261:,
1213:.
1078:9%
750:9%
716:3%
622:3%
609:7%
99::
86::
73::
4472:e
4465:t
4458:v
4441:.
4410:.
4388:"
4376:.
4348::
4316:.
4288::
4280::
4274:4
4240:.
4226::
4218::
4191:.
4177::
4171:9
4150:.
4115::
4081:.
4047::
4000:.
3974:.
3918:.
3874:.
3829::
3800:.
3782:"
3778:"
3763:.
3722:.
3694::
3686::
3653:.
3606:.
3594::
3566:.
3490:.
3470::
3432:.
3412::
3386:.
3364::
3337:.
3290:.
3212:.
3190::
3100:.
3050:.
3014:.
2884:.
2874:1
2820:.
2789::
2781::
2775:2
2763:"
2575:(
2443:(
2435:(
2427:(
2419:(
2340:(
2330:(
2305:(
1768:.
1471:(
1456:(
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1156:(
1144:.
1127:0
777:.
760:0
344:0
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
