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Silkwood had a folder, a spiral notebook, and a packet of documents with her at the cafe. During a break in the meeting, Jung said she spoke with
Silkwood who was crying quietly and admitted how frightened she was "that she had been so badly contaminated, she would eventually get cancer and die from the plutonium in her lungs." But then, Jung stated in her affidavit, Karen pointed to her documents and said, "there was one thing she was glad about ... that she had all the proof concerning falsification of records. As she said this, she clenched her hand more firmly on the folder and notebook she was holding. She told me she was on her way to meet Steve Wodka and a
324:, falsified product inspection records, and risked employee safety". The union threatened litigation. On September 27, Silkwood testified to the AEC about having been contaminated with plutonium, and she alleged that safety standards had been relaxed because of a need to increase production. She appeared at the AEC hearings along with the two other committee members who likewise testified that Kerr-McGee was endangering its workers. The whistleblowing effort, and the visibility it brought, helped fight off decertification. The Cimarron workers voted 80-61 in October to keep the OCAW as their bargaining agent.
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obstruction like a concrete culvert were so remote. Instead, they suspected it was an attempt, which went tragically awry, to scare and intimidate her into stopping her whistleblowing and returning the documents. Another hypothesis is that she was being chased to force her to halt. She drove evasively, including speeding along the left grass shoulder, and while looking behind her or to her right at the chase car, she didn't realize until too late that she was racing toward the culvert. However, the various theories about foul play have never been substantiated.
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Two shadowy characters about to be subpoenaed suddenly packed up their attaché cases and fled to West
Germany. One apparently healthy police officer about to be deposed died of a heart attack. There was no autopsy. Someone tried to murder a Kerr-McGee manager who knew too much. Someone tried to assassinate Bill Taylor, the chief investigator for the legal team representing the Silkwood family. And then there were all those strange clicks on everyone's telephone."
33:
550:. Voelz said he believed the contamination in Silkwood's body was within legal standards. The defense later proposed that Silkwood was a troublemaker who might have poisoned herself. After the summation arguments, Judge Frank Theis told the jury, "f you find that the damage to the person or property of Karen Silkwood resulted from the operation of this plant ... defendant Kerr-McGee Nuclear Corporation is liable...."
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543:, Arthur Angel, and James Ikard. William Paul was chief attorney for Kerr-McGee. The estate presented evidence that the autopsy showed Silkwood was contaminated with plutonium at the time of her death. To prove the contamination was sustained at the plant, evidence was given by a series of witnesses who were former employees of the facility.
303:, OCAW's legislative director. The committee members voiced their complaints about the dangerous workplace conditions and sought advice on how to win the upcoming decertification election. Mazzocchi recalled how Silkwood took him aside at one point and said, "You know, there's some other problems that I'd like to talk to you about.":
477:"In most one-vehicle accidents where the driver has gone to sleep, or because of impaired abilities," Pipkin noted, "the vehicle has always gone off to the right because of the contour of the road, namely the crown." The second thing Pipkin reported was that the Honda tracks in the grass showed the car did not
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I said, "What are they?" She said, "I work in a quality-control lab, and I noticed the lab technician would use a felt pen on the X-ray to cover over that little thin line that showed a crack in the control rod welds." And she told me there was some fooling with the computer data, too. I said, "Look,
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to conceal their faulty condition. He hands the false radiographs to Hector Salas, a member of the news crew, to deliver to a convention of nuclear scientists which is occurring in L.A. While driving to the convention, Salas is rammed from behind and forced off the road. Unlike
Silkwood, he does not
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There were questions about how
Silkwood became contaminated during this three-day period from November 5-7. She said the contamination in the bathroom may have occurred when she spilled her urine sample on the morning of November 7. This was consistent with the fact that the samples she collected at
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Silkwood's specific union duties included investigating health and safety issues. She discovered at the
Cimarron plant what she considered to be numerous violations of health regulations, such as exposure of workers to contamination, faulty respiratory equipment, and improper storage of samples. She
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reported that the investigation determined 20 to 30 kilograms (44–66 lb) of plutonium had been misplaced at the plant. The unaccounted-for nuclear material generated speculation as to its whereabouts. Richard Rashke suggested that the missing plutonium may have been stolen by "a plutonium
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But most significantly, Pipkin found damage to the rear of the vehicle which, according to her friends, had not been present before. As the crash was entirely a head-on, front-end collision, it didn't explain the fresh dents on the left rear fender and the bumper above it. A microscopic analysis of
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on behalf of her estate. The time leading up to the trial was likewise filled with controversy. According to Rashke, officials investigating Kerr-McGee's operations and the circumstances of the car crash were themselves at risk: "People had been tailed and forced off lonely roads by speeding cars.
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In light of Pipkin's findings, some friends and journalists theorized that
Silkwood's car was rammed from behind with intent to cause a fatal crash. OCAW officials Mazzocchi and Wodka did not believe it was premeditated murder because that stretch of highway is flat, and the odds of her hitting an
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The OCAW hired a crash investigator, A. O. Pipkin Jr., to examine the car and the scene of the crash. Based on his examination, Silkwood had not fallen asleep while driving: "The steering wheel was bent back on the sides, proving she'd been wide awake and hanging on tight as she tried to maintain
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The next morning, as she left for a union meeting, Silkwood again tested positive for plutonium, although she had performed only paperwork tasks that morning. She was given a more intensive decontamination. On
November 7, as she entered the plant, she was found to be severely contaminated, even
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On
November 5, 1974, Silkwood performed a routine self-check that showed almost 400 times the legal limit for plutonium contamination. She was decontaminated at the plant and sent home with a testing kit to collect urine and feces for further analysis. Although there was plutonium on the inner
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On
November 13, 1974, Silkwood attended a 5:30 p.m. union meeting, along with ten other members of the OCAW local, at the Hub Cafe in Crescent. She made a brief presentation and sipped iced tea. Another attendee at the meeting, Wanda Jean Jung, stated in a sworn affidavit in January 1975 that
481:, but was actually out of control before it left the highway. "The only way that this car could have been put in that attitude," he wrote, "was either an impact by an unknown vehicle or a combination of an impact by an unknown vehicle and driver over-reaction and subsequent loss of control."
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team accompanied her back to her home and found plutonium traces on several surfaces, especially in the bathroom and the refrigerator. When the house was later stripped and decontaminated, some of her property had to be destroyed. Silkwood, her boyfriend Drew
Stephens, and her roommate
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In August 1974, Silkwood was elected to the OCAW local's three-person bargaining committee, the first woman to hold such a position at Kerr-McGee. It was a critical time for the local as the decertification drive had collected enough signatures to force an election on October 16.
569:'s exclusive authority to set safety standards did not foreclose the use of state tort remedies." Although indicating it would appeal for other reasons, Kerr-McGee agreed to settle out of court for US$ 1.38 million ($ 3.75 million in 2021 dollars), while admitting no liability.
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to protest poor working conditions. Kerr-McGee succeeded in breaking the strike by hiring people from the surrounding area to cross the picket line. The company's managers also began "working behind the scenes to entice workers to sign a petition calling for a
240:, Texas. She lived with her mother Merle, father Bill, and sisters Rose Mary and Linda. In high school, Karen was a straight 'A' student and a member of the National Honor Society. Chemistry was her best subject. In the fall of 1964, she enrolled at
365:, the particular type of plutonium found in Silkwood's home came from a Cimarron production area, pellet lot 29, where she did not work. Starting in August, the pellet lot 29 samples were kept in a Kerr-McGee vault to which she did not have access.
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and drove alone toward Oklahoma City, about 30 miles (48 km) away, to meet with Burnham and Wodka. Less than 30 minutes later, Silkwood's body was discovered in her smashed-up car, 7.3 miles from the cafe. The car had run off the left side of
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portions of the gloves which she had been using, the gloves did not have any leaks or perforations according to tests performed subsequently by Kerr-McGee personnel. This suggests the contamination had come not from inside the
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At the conclusion of the meeting, Mazzocchi and his staffer Steve Wodka counseled that the best hope for survival of the Cimarron workers and their local was to raise awareness about Kerr-McGee's practices with the
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She concluded that someone working for Kerr-McGee had deliberately contaminated her. Kerr-McGee's management alleged that Silkwood had contaminated herself in order to harm the company's reputation. According to
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Silkwood’s plutonium contamination and the mysterious circumstances of her death became a national news story. It aroused public suspicion and resulted in a federal investigation of Cimarron plant security.
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smuggling ring" given that the quantity was enough to make three or four nuclear bombs. He added that security at the Cimarron plant was so lax, workers could easily smuggle out finished plutonium pellets.
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By November, Silkwood believed she had assembled sufficient documentation, including company papers, to corroborate her claims against Kerr-McGee. She decided to go public with this evidence and contacted
557:. On appeal in federal court, the judgment was reduced to US$ 5,000, the estimated value of Silkwood's losses in property at her rental house, and reversing the award of punitive damages. In 1984, the
2765:
450:
Silkwood's car contained none of the documents she had been holding in the meeting at the Hub Cafe. The Oklahoma state trooper at the crash site remembers that he found one or two tablets of the
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in her blood — "a therapeutic dose is .25 mg; a toxic dose, .50 mg." The Oklahoma Highway Patrol report concluded that she fell asleep at the wheel and died as a result of an accident.
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control." In support of his notion that she was awake, he added two other observations. The first was the anomalous fact that her car had veered from the right lane to the left shoulder:
694:) has a section in which a female journalist is nearly murdered via car accident to prevent her from publishing a report on a conspiracy to cause a nuclear power plant catastrophe.
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for the plutonium contamination that Silkwood suffered from. The company settled out of court for US$ 1.38 million, while not admitting liability. Her story was chronicled in
627:, which Dyllan scripted along with Susan Holleran and Bobbi Ausubel. Ausubel also directed the piece. It ran April 7-12, 1981 at Theater Works, UMass-Park Square in Boston.
447:). The impact from hitting the wall caused her to be impaled by her steering wheel and pinned to the roof of the Honda Civic. She was pronounced dead at the scene.
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In August 1972, Silkwood was hired as a metallography laboratory technician with the Kerr-McGee Corporation at their Cimarron River plutonium production plant near
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believed the lack of sufficient shower facilities was increasing the risk of employee contamination. She also found evidence of missing or misplaced plutonium.
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worker, with whom she had three children. After the couple filed for bankruptcy due to Meadows' excessive spending habits, and after his refusal to end an
705:(2022). In Episode 3 entitled "The Whistleblower", insiders claim that "cost-cutting measures and intimidation tactics create a danger far worse than the
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which contained aspects of the Silkwood story. The program's website includes supplementary text about her that was first printed on November 23, 1995 in
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to prove the water pump has been repaired. But a whistleblower in the power plant finds evidence that the welds for the water pumps were deceptively
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and the State Medical Examiner requested analysis of Silkwood's organs by the Los Alamos Tissue Analysis Program. On November 18, she was buried in
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home had extremely high levels of plutonium, while the samples collected in "fresh" jars at the plant and at Los Alamos showed much lower levels.
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1986:
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journalist and an official of her union's national office, she died in a car crash, the circumstances of which were never explained entirely.
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1067:"RED-75-374 Federal Investigations Into Certain Health, Safety, Quality Control and Criminal Allegations at Kerr-McGee Nuclear Corporation"
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To that end, the OCAW initiated an aggressive whistleblowing campaign. They claimed that "the Kerr-McGee plant had manufactured faulty
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nuclear power plant that has to be shut down following a near disaster caused by a defective water pump. The incident is filmed by an
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Karen, if you could prove that, I think we could use it to beat the company and improve the conditions in that facility."
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was nominated for Best Director. Ephron and Arlen were nominated for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen.
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is an account of Silkwood's life and the events resulting from her activism, based on an original screenplay by
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On September 26, 1974, Silkwood and the two other committee members attended a meeting in Washington, D.C. with
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185:. She was the first woman ever elected to the union's negotiating team at Kerr-McGee. After testifying to the
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known for reporting concerns about corporate practices related to health and safety in a nuclear facility.
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1897:(Hamill argues that the lack of footnotes in Kohn's book weakens its claim to be a non-fiction account.)
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Phillips, B. J. (April 1975). "The Case of Karen Silkwood: Mysterious Death of a Nuclear Plant Worker".
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the rear of the car revealed paint chips that could have come only from impact by another vehicle.
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TV news crew. Soon thereafter, the power plant's management wants to reopen and provides
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517:(DOE) reported the Cimarron plant as fully decontaminated and decommissioned by 1994.
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1486:"Decontamination and decommissioning of the Kerr-McGee Cimarron Plutonium Fuel Plant"
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Garraty, John Arthur; Jackson, Kenneth T.; Markoe, Arnold; Markoe, Karen E. (1994).
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Decontamination and decommissioning of the Kerr-McGee Cimarron Plutonium Fuel Plant
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The defense relied on expert witness Dr. George Voelz, a high-ranking scientist at
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for in-depth testing to determine the extent of the contamination in their bodies.
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237:
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Nuclear Implosions: The Rise and Fall of the Washington Public Power Supply System
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journalist whom Tony Mazzocchi referred her to. Burnham had previously broken the
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Licensed to Kill? The Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Shoreham Power Plant
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Silkwood was portrayed on stage by actress Jehane Dyllan in the one-person play
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was the chief attorney for the Silkwood estate; the other major attorneys were
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The jury rendered its verdict of US$ 505,000 in damages and US$ 10,000,000 in
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2017:
824:
The Killing of Karen Silkwood: The Story Behind the Kerr-McGee Plutonium Case
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In 1965, Silkwood dropped out of college and eloped with William Meadows, an
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The Whistleblower's Dilemma: Snowden, Silkwood and Their Quest for the Truth
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played the title role and was nominated for an Academy Award and a BAFTA.
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Silkwood's father and her children filed a lawsuit against Kerr-McGee for
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0.11 miles (180 m) south of the intersection with West Industrial Road (
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and raised questions about corporate accountability and responsibility.
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Critical Masses: Opposition to Nuclear Power in California, 1958–1978
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police corruption case and was now researching atomic energy issues.
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contamination in her body and her home. While driving to meet with a
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1786:"'Meltdown: Three Mile Island' The Whistleblower (TV Episode 2022)"
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157:(February 19, 1946 – November 13, 1974) was an American
1609:"Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee Corp., 485 F. Supp. 566 (W.D. Okla. 1979)"
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on a scholarship from the Business and Professional Women's Club.
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656:, and was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award.
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At 7:10 p.m., Silkwood left the meeting, got into her 1973 white
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die in the crash, but the radiographs are stolen from his car.
1853:"The Karen Silkwood Story: An Unexpected Twist At The End..."
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
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1024:"Death of Plutonium Worker Questioned by Union Official"
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With clear echoes of the Silkwood story, the 1979 movie
2800:
Making a Real Killing: Rocky Flats and the Nuclear West
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513:
Kerr-McGee closed its nuclear fuel plants in 1975. The
2755:
Conservation Fallout: Nuclear Protest at Diablo Canyon
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1217:. Chelsea Green Publishing Company. pp. 324–325.
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970:
279:(OCAW) local. In November 1972, she participated in a
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806:"The Life and Accidental (?) Death of Karen Silkwood"
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1644:"SILKWOOD v. KERR-McGEE CORP., (1984) No. 81-2159"
1301:"Karen Silkwood: The Case of the Activist's Death"
1012:
946:
878:
189:about her safety concerns, she was found to have
2873:
1484:USDOE Richland Operations Office (May 1, 1994).
1449:USDOE Richland Operations Office (May 1, 1994).
2364:Institute for Energy and Environmental Research
1932:International Directory of Company Histories.
263:where she worked briefly as a hospital clerk.
227:
2228:
2066:
921:
565:464 US 238 (1984), the court ruled that "the
465:joints. The coroner found 0.35 milligrams of
336:expelling contaminated air from her lungs. A
259:, Silkwood left him in 1972 and relocated to
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461:) in the car, and what he believed were two
1987:"Annotated Bibliography for Karen Silkwood"
2244:Anti-nuclear movement in the United States
2235:
2221:
2080:
2073:
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1501:United States Department of Energy (USDOE)
1459:United States Department of Energy (USDOE)
520:
396:reporter ... to give them this material."
31:
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1181:
1175:
1065:United States General Accounting Office.
856:Kleiner, Diane L. "Silkwood, Karen Gay".
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
493:Due to concerns about contamination, the
16:Labor union activist, chemical technician
2389:Nuclear Information and Resource Service
1992:Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
1927:
1384:
1378:
1239:"The Karen Silkwood Story (1946 - 1974)"
277:Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers Union
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1021:
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232:Karen Gay Silkwood was born in 1946 in
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2760:Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power
2344:Corporate Accountability International
1957:
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1215:The Man Who Hated Work and Loved Labor
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979:
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928:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
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884:
866:from the original on November 24, 2010
840:
826:(2nd ed.). ILR Press. p. 7.
818:
572:
535:The trial occurred in spring of 1979.
2216:
2054:
812:
803:
697:Silkwood's death is mentioned in the
2932:Unsolved deaths in the United States
2782:Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy
2394:Physicians for Social Responsibility
2339:Committee for Nuclear Responsibility
2275:Nuclear history of the United States
1900:
1802:Annas JD MPH, George J. (May 1984).
1693:
1660:from the original on August 28, 2017
1515:from the original on August 29, 2017
1320:"Atom Case Death Linked to a 2d Car"
1318:Burnham, David (December 24, 1974).
1298:
1124:from the original on August 13, 2016
1022:Burnham, David (November 19, 1974).
922:Booth, Bibi; Mongillo, John (2001).
915:
808:. Lehigh University Digital Library.
578:Silkwood is mentioned in the song, "
2329:Alliance for Nuclear Responsibility
2285:Canceled nuclear reactors in the US
1880:"The Life and Death of an Idealist"
1739:"Nuclear Reaction | FRONTLINE"
1441:
1190:. Labor Party Press. Archived from
1087:
855:
677:. The program covered the risks of
652:played Karen's friend and roommate
266:
13:
1818:American Public Health Association
1795:
1759:"PBS Frontline supplementary text"
1681:"The China Syndrome (1979) - Plot"
1623:from the original on July 16, 2017
862:. Texas State Historical Society.
561:restored the original verdict. In
14:
2948:
1979:
1850:
1809:American Journal of Public Health
1299:Kohn, Howard (January 13, 1977).
1182:Mazzocchi, Tony (November 1999).
242:Lamar State College of Technology
2927:Road incident deaths in Oklahoma
2374:Musicians United for Safe Energy
2302:Anti-nuclear advocates in the US
1862:from the original on May 4, 2017
1694:Clay, Carolyn (April 14, 1981).
899:Dictionary of American Biography
720:
134:
96:Car crash, unclear circumstances
2025:. April 2, 2014. Archived from
1778:
1751:
1731:
1721:"'Silkwood': THR's 1983 Review"
1713:
1687:
1673:
1311:
1292:
1231:
1206:
1058:
130:
2897:American women trade unionists
2094:List of nuclear whistleblowers
797:
756:List of nuclear whistleblowers
347:Los Alamos National Laboratory
332:, but from some other source.
317:(AEC) and the national press.
220:in which she was portrayed by
178:in Crescent, Oklahoma, making
176:Cimarron Fuel Fabrication Site
1:
2937:Trade unionists from Oklahoma
2258:Anti-nuclear groups in the US
791:
363:The Killing of Karen Silkwood
2922:People from Nederland, Texas
2836:Atomic Ed and the Black Hole
2750:Carbon-Free and Nuclear-Free
2349:Critical Mass Energy Project
1804:"The Case of Karen Silkwood"
582:", on the 1977 music album,
563:Silkwood v. Kerr-McGee Corp.
7:
2917:People from Longview, Texas
2813:Nuclear Politics in America
2777:The Doomsday Machine (book)
1184:"Karen Silkwood Remembered"
901:. Scribner's. p. 726.
713:
703:Meltdown: Three Mile Island
701:TV documentary mini series
228:Education and personal life
10:
2953:
2292:Nuclear weapons and the US
1905:Who Killed Karen Silkwood?
1102:"The Karen Silkwood Story"
2902:Death conspiracy theories
2826:
2740:
2628:
2490:Carrie Barefoot Dickerson
2442:
2384:Nuclear Control Institute
2310:
2250:
2189:
2139:
2118:
2102:
2086:
1928:Pederson, Jay P. (1988).
1858:. BF Communications Inc.
288:to eliminate the union."
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114:
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92:
72:
46:
30:
23:
2379:Nevada Desert Experience
1958:Rashke, Richard (2015).
1188:Labor Party Press Online
859:Handbook of Texas Online
495:Atomic Energy Commission
368:
315:Atomic Energy Commission
286:decertification election
187:Atomic Energy Commission
2912:Lamar University alumni
2892:American whistleblowers
2722:White House Peace Vigil
2424:Three Mile Island Alert
2280:Nuclear power in the US
925:Environmental Activists
761:List of unsolved deaths
522:Silkwood vs. Kerr-McGee
2818:We Almost Lost Detroit
2429:Women Strike for Peace
2081:Nuclear whistleblowers
1574:, pp. xvii–xviii.
1438:, pp. 60–62, 237.
736:The Christic Institute
669:produced the program,
580:We Almost Lost Detroit
483:
310:
275:. She soon joined the
2856:Nuclear Tipping Point
2555:Hermann Joseph Muller
1901:Kohn, Howard (1981).
1878:(December 13, 1981).
1826:10.2105/ajph.74.5.516
1696:"Anatomy of a Martyr"
1241:. United Steelworkers
1213:Leopold, Les (2007).
1117:. November 23, 1995.
804:Gallagher, Edward J.
507:National Public Radio
475:
305:
107:Laboratory technician
2772:The Cult of the Atom
2434:Kings Bay Plowshares
2354:Friends of the Earth
2029:on December 20, 2016
1964:. Delphinium Books.
1911:Simon & Schuster
1727:. November 22, 2014.
1670:(Supreme Court case)
1656:. January 11, 1984.
1194:on November 30, 2012
692:2012 film adaptation
603:depicts a fictional
515:Department of Energy
133: 1965;
2399:Plowshares movement
2263:California movement
2152:Dale G. Bridenbaugh
1619:. August 18, 1979.
1598:, pp. 365–373.
1586:, pp. 326–346.
1562:, pp. 275–277.
1550:, pp. 307–308.
1538:, pp. 278–279.
1426:, pp. 389–392.
1414:, pp. 380–381.
1402:, pp. 326–327.
1339:, pp. 325–326.
1145:, pp. 105–106.
1009:, pp. 317–318.
605:Southern California
573:Portrayals in media
431: /
257:extramarital affair
159:chemical technician
93:Cause of death
2841:The China Syndrome
2727:Y-12 Weapons Plant
2662:Lawrence Livermore
2575:Eugene Rabinowitch
2455:William J. Bichsel
2334:Clamshell Alliance
2297:Protests in the US
2157:Richard B. Hubbard
1885:The New York Times
1725:Hollywood Reporter
1700:The Boston Phoenix
1324:The New York Times
1110:Los Alamos Science
1028:The New York Times
741:Clarence Lushbaugh
675:Los Alamos Science
600:The China Syndrome
559:U.S. Supreme Court
273:Crescent, Oklahoma
171:She worked at the
155:Karen Gay Silkwood
85:Crescent, Oklahoma
51:Karen Gay Silkwood
39:Christic Institute
2869:
2868:
2846:Countdown to Zero
2707:Three Mile Island
2672:Naval Base Kitsap
2404:Ploughshares Fund
2369:Mothers for Peace
2270:Great Peace March
2210:
2209:
2176:Richard Levernier
1999:on August 4, 2010
1971:978-1-883-28568-5
1950:978-1-55862-581-5
1920:978-0-671-43721-3
1499:, United States:
1457:, United States:
1389:. pp. 59–66.
1351:, pp. 98–99.
982:, pp. 22–23.
939:978-0-313-30884-0
908:978-0-684-19398-4
766:Nuclear accidents
671:Nuclear Reaction,
214:-nominated movie
152:
151:
76:November 13, 1974
61:February 19, 1946
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2620:Victor Weisskopf
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2505:Randall Forsberg
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2023:A&E Networks
2013:"Karen Silkwood"
2008:
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1157:, p. 75.
1156:
1151:
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1139:
1120:
1116:
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1103:
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1075:
1068:
1061:
1055:, p. 32.
1054:
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1016:
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776:Nuclear power
774:
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746:Hilda Murrell
744:
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387:
386:Frank Serpico
383:
382:
377:
376:David Burnham
366:
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345:were sent to
344:
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212:Academy Award
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2657:Indian Point
2610:Louis Vitale
2599:
2595:Martin Sheen
2585:Bonnie Raitt
2580:Phil Radford
2540:Bernard Lown
2535:Amory Lovins
2495:Paul M. Doty
2465:Larry Bogart
2180:
2046:Find a Grave
2031:. Retrieved
2027:the original
2016:
2003:February 13,
2001:. Retrieved
1997:the original
1990:
1960:
1935:
1931:
1909:. New York:
1904:
1889:. Retrieved
1883:
1876:Hamill, Pete
1864:. Retrieved
1855:
1813:
1807:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1762:
1753:
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1579:
1567:
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1492:
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1419:
1407:
1400:Leopold 2007
1395:
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1361:Leopold 2007
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1337:Leopold 2007
1332:
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1294:
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1275:Leopold 2007
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1233:
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1192:the original
1187:
1177:
1150:
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1126:. Retrieved
1114:
1108:
1077:. Retrieved
1073:
1060:
1048:
1041:Leopold 2007
1036:
1027:
1007:Leopold 2007
1002:
995:Leopold 2007
965:Leopold 2007
960:
955:, p. 9.
948:
924:
917:
898:
892:
887:, p. 8.
880:
870:February 14,
868:. Retrieved
858:
823:
814:
799:
771:Nuclear fuel
702:
685:
674:
670:
664:
658:Mike Nichols
654:Sherri Ellis
646:Meryl Streep
631:
624:
598:
583:
562:
552:
545:
537:Gerry Spence
534:
526:
521:
512:
503:
492:
488:
484:
478:
476:
471:
467:methaqualone
455:methaqualone
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393:
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372:
362:
355:
351:
343:Sherri Ellis
334:
326:
319:
311:
306:
298:
294:
290:
270:
253:oil pipeline
250:
231:
222:Meryl Streep
215:
208:Mike Nichols
201:
194:
170:
154:
153:
78:(1974-11-13)
18:
2887:1974 deaths
2882:1946 births
2851:Dark Circle
2732:Yankee Rowe
2687:Rocky Flats
2682:Rancho Seco
2565:Graham Nash
2560:Ralph Nader
2530:Sam Lovejoy
2515:Paul Gunter
2510:John Gofman
2419:Sierra Club
2197:Avon Hudson
1939:. Chicago:
1820:: 516–518.
1770:October 11,
1596:Rashke 2000
1584:Rashke 2000
1572:Rashke 2000
1560:Rashke 2000
1548:Rashke 2000
1536:Rashke 2000
1482:Full text:
1436:Rashke 2000
1424:Rashke 2000
1412:Rashke 2000
1373:Rashke 2000
1349:Rashke 2000
1287:Rashke 2000
1260:Rashke 2000
1198:October 16,
1170:Rashke 2000
1155:Rashke 2000
1143:Rashke 2000
1074:www.gao.gov
1053:Rashke 2000
980:Rashke 2000
953:Rashke 2000
885:Rashke 2000
687:Cloud Atlas
642:Alice Arlen
638:Nora Ephron
613:radiographs
438: /
401:Honda Civic
163:labor union
2907:Kerr-McGee
2876:Categories
2692:San Onofre
2647:Bodega Bay
2590:Carl Sagan
2033:August 29,
1913:(Summit).
1891:August 28,
1866:August 28,
1664:August 28,
1627:August 28,
1519:August 29,
1497:Washington
1455:Washington
1453:(Report).
1245:August 25,
1128:August 28,
792:References
548:Los Alamos
204:Kerr-McGee
173:Kerr-McGee
101:Occupation
57:1946-02-19
2642:Black Fox
2520:John Hall
1447:Summary:
822:(2000) .
690:(and its
666:Frontline
463:marijuana
410:wing wall
322:fuel rods
238:Nederland
191:plutonium
180:plutonium
41:archives.
2861:Silkwood
2702:Shoreham
2697:Seabrook
2667:Montague
2147:GE Three
1860:Archived
1705:March 7,
1658:Archived
1621:Archived
1513:Archived
1475:10151437
1119:Archived
1079:April 4,
864:Archived
714:See also
709:itself."
707:accident
633:Silkwood
625:Silkwood
459:Quaalude
452:sedative
361:'s book
330:glovebox
217:Silkwood
210:'s 1983
166:activist
145:Children
2632:protest
2251:General
2190:Oceania
2087:General
1934:Vol. 77
1844:6369995
1835:1651625
1788:. IMDb.
1683:. IMDb.
1649:FindLaw
699:Netflix
617:X-rayed
584:Bridges
426:97°35′W
423:35°51′N
414:culvert
183:pellets
139:
127:
123:
2712:Trojan
2605:Thomas
2443:People
2316:groups
2119:Europe
1968:
1947:
1917:
1842:
1832:
1617:Justia
1473:
1221:
936:
905:
830:
590:&
281:strike
115:Spouse
87:, U.S.
67:, U.S.
2828:Films
2742:Books
2634:sites
2630:Main
1816:(5).
1489:(PDF)
1122:(PDF)
1105:(PDF)
1070:(PDF)
586:, by
479:drift
369:Death
129:(
125:
83:near
2314:and
2103:Asia
2035:2017
2005:2020
1966:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1915:ISBN
1893:2017
1868:2017
1840:PMID
1772:2019
1707:2024
1666:2017
1629:2017
1521:2017
1471:OSTI
1247:2024
1219:ISBN
1200:2012
1130:2017
1081:2016
934:ISBN
903:ISBN
872:2009
828:ISBN
663:PBS
650:Cher
640:and
609:L.A.
378:, a
161:and
135:div.
73:Died
47:Born
2044:at
1830:PMC
1822:doi
1764:PBS
1744:PBS
1505:doi
1463:doi
930:260
567:NRC
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