51:
493:, called Elephant Cage, was in place from 1957 until 1979; this huge landmark was visible from everywhere in Karamürsel, from villages on the hills surrounding the town and even from the shores across the Bay of Izmit. In 1975, Turkey took control of the U.S. intelligence‐gathering base. After the US military left the base was transferred to the Turkish Navy and is still in operation today. However, the US military removed an important chip from the antenna so that it would not be used after they left. The antenna was demolished in the mid-1990s.
101:
68:
464:, which rocked the eastern part of the Marmara Region. in Karamürsel alone 164 people lost their lives and many were left homeless. After the earthquake many people left for other parts of Turkey and Karamürsel resembled a ghost-town over the winter of 1999. Since then houses have been repaired and business reopened. During the earthquake, a tsunami struck both sides of the Bay of İzmit in about a single minute. Although the tsunami was not particularly large, substantial portions of the towns of
1195:
1186:
683:
108:
75:
504:
Starting as an elementary school, it was expanded to take middle school students and eventually both junior and senior high school students. In 1961, a new school building was constructed and served the educational needs of the military personnel's children until the base itself closed in 1979.
488:
Due to its strategic and naturally protected location, Karamürsel has been used as a naval base to help control access to the Black Sea. During the Cold War a U.S. military base was also located in Karamürsel for many years to intercept
Russian radio transmissions. The station, containing a
472:
and Karamürsel were inundated by the sea (Altinok et al., 1999). The coast of Karamürsel has now been repaired and reconstructed. There is a monument to those who died on the waterfront in Karamürsel.
480:
Karamürsel has a long history as an important naval base. The first
Ottoman shipyard was built in Karamürsel in 1327. The ships built there formed the nucleus of the first Ottoman Naval Forces.
1000:
839:
1894:
631:
508:
In addition to the students who lived on the base with their parents, the
American dependents' school at the Karamürsel Air Station (KCDI) became a regional
512:
that took students from grades nine through twelve. High-school-aged students whose parents were stationed in other
Turkish locations, those stationed in
136:
50:
1879:
1092:
891:
1884:
1724:
497:
1781:
1674:
974:
938:
1889:
1853:
1507:
1627:
1562:
1444:
1412:
1217:
100:
1246:
1085:
870:
429:
17:
67:
370:
1874:
1226:
384:
Today the people living in Karamürsel and its villages are mainly Muslim Manav Turks and immigrants known as
1060:
1078:
199:
469:
1288:
913:
815:
378:
260:
768:
729:"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"
582:
1645:
1484:
436:
settled in the region and this ethnic structure has resulted in a culture influenced by that of the
1580:
961:
755:
461:
320:). The modern name commemorates Kara Mürsel who founded the Ottoman navy and designed distinctive
1831:
1527:
1296:
1194:
883:
373:
and 18 foreign citizens. In 1923 the Greeks were obliged to leave Turkey under the terms of the
304:. Its area is 262 km, and its population is 59,676 (2022). It is on the south coast of the
1532:
1125:
840:"izmit gölcük ddere karamürsel Route: Schedules, Stops & Maps - Karamürsel→İzmit (Updated)"
248:
1800:
1271:
353:
Ferry services link Karamürsel to İzmit and Hereke on the northern side of the Bay of İzmit.
344:
1382:
1261:
1255:
1837:
1742:
1150:
1070:
513:
465:
1789:
1537:
1277:
866:
8:
1709:
1351:
1213:
350:
The Karamürsel area is not as heavily industrialised as other parts of
Kocaeli province.
293:
178:
37:
1747:
1590:
1322:
728:
1807:
1682:
1617:
1595:
705:
393:
374:
1732:
1575:
1697:
1497:
413:
1585:
1542:
1376:
1335:
1316:
1302:
1764:
1753:
1703:
1692:
1687:
1663:
1640:
1521:
1515:
1478:
1460:
1427:
1396:
1389:
1359:
1309:
1102:
517:
501:
449:
389:
297:
183:
1341:
1055:
305:
1819:
1794:
1737:
1635:
1601:
1570:
1552:
1491:
1466:
1421:
1402:
1328:
1266:
964:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
758:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
509:
405:
1759:
643:
1825:
1813:
1612:
1607:
1547:
1472:
1453:
1433:
1370:
433:
366:
336:
317:
309:
240:
516:
in Crete, and the children of civilian federal employees working for the VOA (
1868:
1714:
1657:
1651:
1364:
658:
151:
138:
424:
during and after the fall of
Ottoman Empire; a particularly large number of
339:
first established an outlet to the sea, thus laying the foundations for the
1770:
862:
667:
520:) radio station in Xanthi, Greece then attended high school in Karamürsel.
444:. More recently Karamürsel has also attracted settlers from other parts of
340:
332:
41:
1120:
634:
were held in Karamürsel, with 117 swimmers from 21 countries taking part.
700:
662:
652:
647:
1140:
1065:
687:
236:
1160:
460:
Karamürsel was badly damaged on 17 August 1999 during the devastating
1185:
867:
Ottoman
Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics
790:
735:
417:
365:
of Karamürsel had a total population of 25,322, consisting of 11,023
231:
1175:
1130:
1235:
490:
441:
425:
409:
397:
1155:
1170:
1135:
682:
529:
437:
401:
1034:
274:
1106:
1050:
1029:
445:
421:
321:
301:
171:
1145:
500:
school for the dependents of the U.S. military opened at the
361:
According to the
Ottoman General Census of 1881/82-1893, the
1100:
1045:
1039:
362:
884:"Semetler Köyü Boşnaklarını Tanıyalım » Boşnak Haber"
632:
2012 European Junior Open Water
Swimming Championships
55:
Map showing Karamürsel
District in Kocaeli Province
1866:
975:"Schwandorf ile Karamürsel Kardeş belediye oldu"
1210:
1895:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
939:"Americans Adjust to Turkish Command of Bases"
331:Karamürsel holds special significance for the
1086:
674:
455:
23:District and municipality in Kocaeli, Turkey
1093:
1079:
312:it used to be called by the Greek name of
655:(1922-1998), civil servant and politician
432:Many Muslim refugees from all around the
392:. Some of these immigrants arrived from
936:
1867:
723:
721:
1074:
1880:Populated places in Kocaeli Province
718:
13:
1885:Populated coastal places in Turkey
1193:
1184:
1001:"Schwandorf - Karamürsel (Türkei)"
637:
343:which would go on to dominate the
335:, as it was here in 1323 that the
107:
74:
14:
1906:
1023:
937:Roberts, Steven V. (1975-10-20).
871:The University of Wisconsin Press
210:262 km (101 sq mi)
1042:(Paul Dion's Karamürsel Website)
894:from the original on 23 May 2022
771:. General Directorate of Mapping
681:
489:500-foot-diameter antenna array
483:
106:
99:
73:
66:
49:
1051:The American Military in Turkey
993:
967:
955:
930:
475:
981:(in Turkish). 5 September 2013
906:
876:
856:
832:
808:
783:
761:
749:
523:
428:settled in the area after the
1:
1890:Districts of Kocaeli Province
1061:KaramürselCity Local Web Site
711:
356:
308:. Before its conquest by the
661:(born 1998), footballer for
646:(born 1982), footballer for
7:
1854:Metropolitan municipalities
1005:Große Kreisstadt Schwandorf
918:www.turkeyfromtheinside.com
820:www.turkeyfromtheinside.com
694:
670:(born 1957), stage magician
379:Turkish War of Independence
10:
1911:
1046:Karamursel American School
769:"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri"
756:Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi
675:Twin towns – sister cities
498:USDESEA Educational System
430:1877-78 Russo-Turkish war.
15:
1850:
1780:
1723:
1673:
1626:
1561:
1506:
1443:
1411:
1350:
1287:
1245:
1225:
1209:
1205:
1182:
1113:
456:The 1999 İzmit Earthquake
269:
259:
247:
230:
222:
214:
206:
194:
189:
177:
167:
132:
60:
48:
35:
28:
625:
532:in Karamürsel District:
369:, 10,732 Muslims, 3,549
979:Çağdaş Kocaeli Gazetesi
347:for several centuries.
226:230/km (590/sq mi)
1199:
1189:
1056:Karamürsel Photographs
502:Karamürsel Air Station
292:is a municipality and
18:Karamürsel, Kızılırmak
1725:Central East Anatolia
1197:
1188:
345:eastern Mediterranean
152:40.68917°N 29.61500°E
16:For the village, see
1198:Districts of Kocaeli
890:. 21 November 2016.
514:Iraklion Air Station
223: • Density
120:Karamürsel (Marmara)
1875:Karamürsel District
1035:District's governor
377:that concluded the
148: /
123:Show map of Marmara
1782:Southeast Anatolia
1675:Northeast Anatolia
1200:
1190:
943:The New York Times
706:Bosniaks in Turkey
394:Bosnia-Herzegovina
375:Treaty of Lausanne
195: • Mayor
157:40.68917; 29.61500
90:Show map of Turkey
87:Location in Turkey
1862:
1861:
1857:
1846:
1845:
1066:Karamürsel Photos
448:, especially the
287:
286:
1902:
1852:
1508:Central Anatolia
1207:
1206:
1103:Kocaeli Province
1095:
1088:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
971:
965:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
880:
874:
860:
854:
853:
851:
850:
836:
830:
829:
827:
826:
812:
806:
805:
803:
802:
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
765:
759:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
733:
725:
686:
685:
518:Voice of America
462:İzmit earthquake
450:Black Sea Region
298:Kocaeli Province
283:
280:
278:
276:
163:
162:
160:
159:
158:
153:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
124:
110:
109:
103:
91:
77:
76:
70:
53:
26:
25:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1842:
1776:
1719:
1669:
1622:
1557:
1502:
1439:
1407:
1346:
1283:
1241:
1221:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1180:
1109:
1099:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1010:
1008:
999:
998:
994:
984:
982:
973:
972:
968:
960:
956:
947:
945:
935:
931:
922:
920:
912:
911:
907:
897:
895:
882:
881:
877:
861:
857:
848:
846:
838:
837:
833:
824:
822:
814:
813:
809:
800:
798:
795:nisanyanmap.com
789:
788:
784:
774:
772:
767:
766:
762:
754:
750:
740:
738:
731:
727:
726:
719:
714:
697:
680:
677:
640:
638:Notable natives
628:
623:
526:
510:boarding school
486:
478:
458:
406:North Macedonia
359:
273:
255:
156:
154:
150:
147:
142:
139:
137:
135:
134:
128:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
115:
111:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
84:
83:
82:
78:
56:
44:
31:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1908:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1628:East Black Sea
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1563:West Black Sea
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1457:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1297:Afyonkarahisar
1293:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1203:
1202:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1101:Karamürsel in
1098:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1024:External links
1022:
1019:
1018:
992:
966:
954:
929:
905:
875:
855:
831:
807:
782:
760:
748:
716:
715:
713:
710:
709:
708:
703:
696:
693:
692:
691:
676:
673:
672:
671:
665:
656:
650:
639:
636:
627:
624:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
534:
530:neighbourhoods
525:
522:
485:
482:
477:
474:
457:
454:
434:Ottoman Empire
358:
355:
337:Ottoman Empire
316:(Πραινετός in
285:
284:
271:
267:
266:
263:
257:
256:
253:
251:
245:
244:
234:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
196:
192:
191:
187:
186:
181:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
130:
129:
119:
113:
112:
105:
104:
98:
97:
96:
95:
86:
80:
79:
72:
71:
65:
64:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
36:
33:
32:
29:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1907:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1855:
1849:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1485:Kahramanmaraş
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1445:Mediterranean
1442:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1413:West Anatolia
1410:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1187:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1006:
1002:
996:
980:
976:
970:
963:
958:
944:
940:
933:
919:
915:
909:
893:
889:
885:
879:
872:
868:
864:
859:
845:
844:moovitapp.com
841:
835:
821:
817:
811:
796:
792:
786:
770:
764:
757:
752:
737:
730:
724:
722:
717:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
689:
684:
679:
678:
669:
666:
664:
660:
659:Merih Demiral
657:
654:
651:
649:
645:
642:
641:
635:
633:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
533:
531:
528:There are 28
521:
519:
515:
511:
506:
503:
499:
494:
492:
484:American base
481:
473:
471:
467:
463:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
354:
351:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:Gulf of İzmit
303:
299:
295:
291:
282:
272:
268:
264:
262:
258:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:Ahmet Çalık (
197:
193:
188:
185:
182:
180:
176:
173:
170:
166:
161:
133:Coordinates:
131:
102:
69:
59:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
19:
1830:
1818:
1806:
1799:
1769:
1752:
1702:
1662:
1650:
1600:
1520:
1490:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1452:
1432:
1420:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1369:
1352:East Marmara
1334:
1327:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1276:
1254:
1247:West Marmara
1234:
1211:
1165:
1009:. Retrieved
1004:
995:
983:. Retrieved
978:
969:
957:
946:. Retrieved
942:
932:
921:. Retrieved
917:
914:"KARAMÜRSEL"
908:
896:. Retrieved
888:Boşnak Haber
887:
878:
873:, p. 128-129
863:Kemal Karpat
858:
847:. Retrieved
843:
834:
823:. Retrieved
819:
816:"KARAMÜRSEL"
810:
799:. Retrieved
797:(in Turkish)
794:
791:"Karamürsel"
785:
775:19 September
773:. Retrieved
763:
751:
741:19 September
739:. Retrieved
668:Sermet Erkin
644:Hakan Arıkan
629:
543:Akçat Merkez
527:
507:
495:
487:
479:
476:The military
470:Degirmendere
459:
385:
383:
360:
352:
349:
341:Ottoman Navy
333:Turkish Navy
330:
325:
322:galley ships
313:
289:
288:
42:municipality
1856:are bolded.
1007:(in German)
701:Caramoussal
653:Necdet Calp
648:Kayserispor
579:Karaahmetli
524:Composition
496:In 1958, a
277:.karamursel
249:Postal code
155: /
1869:Categories
1801:Diyarbakır
1272:Kırklareli
1166:Karamürsel
1040:Karamürsel
948:2023-05-12
923:2022-10-07
849:2022-10-07
825:2022-10-07
801:2023-07-16
712:References
688:Schwandorf
590:Kızderbent
357:Population
290:Karamürsel
215:Population
190:Government
143:29°36′54″E
140:40°41′21″N
114:Karamürsel
81:Karamürsel
30:Karamürsel
1832:Şanlıurfa
1808:Gaziantep
1646:Gümüşhane
1618:Zonguldak
1596:Kastamonu
1528:Kırıkkale
1383:Eskişehir
1262:Çanakkale
1256:Balıkesir
1214:provinces
1121:Başiskele
1114:Districts
690:, Germany
620:Yalakdere
583:Karapınar
418:Circassia
371:Armenians
326:kadırgas,
324:, called
314:Praenetos
261:Area code
232:Time zone
1790:Adıyaman
1698:Erzincan
1538:Nevşehir
1533:Kırşehir
1498:Osmaniye
1278:Tekirdağ
1236:Istanbul
1227:Istanbul
1212:List of
1141:Dilovası
1126:Çayırova
1030:Belediye
1011:7 August
985:7 August
892:Archived
865:(1985),
695:See also
663:Juventus
611:Suludere
605:Semetler
599:Pazarköy
596:Osmaniye
573:İnebeyli
570:İhsaniye
552:Çamçukur
537:4 Temmuz
491:AN/FLR-9
442:Caucasus
426:Bosniaks
410:Lazistan
398:Bulgaria
328:for it.
310:Ottomans
294:district
179:Province
38:District
1765:Tunceli
1754:Malatya
1748:Hakkâri
1704:Erzurum
1693:Bayburt
1688:Ardahan
1664:Trabzon
1641:Giresun
1591:Karabük
1581:Çankırı
1522:Kayseri
1516:Aksaray
1479:Isparta
1461:Antalya
1428:Karaman
1397:Sakarya
1390:Kocaeli
1360:Bilecik
1323:Kütahya
1310:Denizli
1171:Kartepe
1161:Kandıra
1136:Derince
962:Mahalle
898:16 July
617:Tepeköy
614:Tahtalı
608:Senaiye
587:Kayacık
576:Kadriye
567:Hayriye
564:Fulacık
558:Dereköy
555:Çamdibi
549:Avcıköy
546:Akpınar
438:Balkans
414:Georgia
402:Romania
390:Turkish
386:muhacir
270:Website
184:Kocaeli
168:Country
1838:Şırnak
1820:Mardin
1795:Batman
1743:Elazığ
1738:Bitlis
1733:Bingöl
1636:Artvin
1602:Samsun
1576:Bartın
1571:Amasya
1553:Yozgat
1492:Mersin
1467:Burdur
1422:Ankara
1403:Yalova
1329:Manisa
1289:Aegean
1267:Edirne
1218:region
1176:Körfez
1151:Gölcük
1131:Darıca
1107:Turkey
602:Safiye
593:Oluklu
561:Ereğli
466:Gölcük
446:Turkey
422:Crimea
367:Greeks
302:Turkey
218:59,676
172:Turkey
1826:Siirt
1814:Kilis
1710:Iğdır
1613:Tokat
1608:Sinop
1586:Çorum
1548:Sivas
1543:Niğde
1473:Hatay
1454:Adana
1434:Konya
1377:Düzce
1371:Bursa
1336:Muğla
1317:İzmir
1303:Aydın
1156:İzmit
1146:Gebze
732:(XLS)
626:Sport
540:Akçat
318:Greek
254:41500
237:UTC+3
1715:Kars
1683:Ağrı
1658:Rize
1652:Ordu
1365:Bolu
1342:Uşak
1013:2023
987:2023
900:2023
777:2023
743:2023
736:TÜİK
630:The
440:and
420:and
363:kaza
279:.bel
265:0262
207:Area
40:and
1771:Van
1760:Muş
1216:by
1105:of
388:in
296:of
281:.tr
275:www
241:TRT
200:CHP
1871::
1003:.
977:.
941:.
916:.
886:.
869:,
842:.
818:.
793:.
734:.
720:^
468:,
452:.
416:,
412:,
408:,
404:,
400:,
396:,
381:.
300:,
1094:e
1087:t
1080:v
1015:.
989:.
951:.
926:.
902:.
852:.
828:.
804:.
779:.
745:.
243:)
239:(
202:)
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
