2693:
216:
282:(Sioux subgroups) known mainly as Ponca, Osage, Omaha, Quapaw or Kaw people. Later on, many Kaw people migrated west of Missouri river and were called "People of the Southwind." The languages of the 5 tribes originating from the single Dhegiha group are quite similar, and have been regarded as dialects of each other.
277:
The speakers of Kansa, known as the Kaw people, lived together with the Siouan-speakers in a united nation known as the
Dhegiha Siouan group. This group was originally situated north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River and then moved west down the Ohio River. Following their westward
290:
The Kansa Sioux language was mostly spoken only in the plains region now known as the U.S. state of Kansas, and now because all of the descendants of Native Kansa speakers have died, Kansa is no longer natively spoken. Members of the tribe now use
English, while some still understand certain Kansa
311:
In 1974, linguist Robert L. Rankin met Walter
Kekahbah (d. 1979), Ralph Pepper (d. 1982), and Maud McCauley Rowe (d. 1977), the last surviving native speakers of Kansa. Rankin made extensive recordings of all three, especially Rowe, and his work over the next 31 years documented the language and
268:
Kansa is a
Dhegiha Siouan language, a broader category containing other languages such as Quapaw, Omaha, Ponca and Osage. This group of languages falls under Mississippi Valley Siouan, which is grouped under the largest category of the Siouan language family.
307:
collected 604 Kansa words in the 1880s and also made about 25,000 entries in a Kansa-English dictionary which has never been published. Dorsey also collected 24 narratives, historical accounts, and personal letters from nine Kansa speakers.
1987:
Kansa has a great deal of vocabulary in common with the other languages of the
Dhegiha Siouan group. The following table compares cognates in Kansa and Osage:
2391:
2259:
295:
efforts to document and study several Native languages, both to improve understanding of language evolution and to honor the legacy of indigenous peoples.
2312:
3083:
2418:
2372:
226:
2731:
3068:
3078:
2411:
677:
668:
2245:
3073:
2144:
825:. The number of a particular noun can be determined from the verb, an article or from context. For example, the word
2349:
571:
443:
2724:
2697:
2404:
753:
2532:
612:
402:
177:
2925:
2640:
2381:
760:
564:
202:
2319:
1844:
1819:
1792:
1767:
1742:
1717:
1692:
1667:
1642:
1617:
1592:
1567:
1542:
1517:
1492:
1467:
1442:
1417:
1392:
1367:
1342:
1317:
1292:
1267:
1242:
1217:
1192:
1167:
1142:
1113:
1088:
1063:
1038:
1013:
987:
962:
2647:
725:
587:
523:
779:
686:
434:
427:
2717:
2369:
859:
737:
605:
580:
2887:
2748:
2386:
2293:
114:
831:
could be translated to
English as "squirrel" or "squirrels" depending on context, in the sentence
863:
452:
393:
386:
292:
80:
2635:
2565:
2069:
As of 2012, the Kaw Nation offers online language learning for Kansa second language speakers.
621:
516:
509:
346:
2443:
indicate extinct languages * indicates extinct language in
Oklahoma but still spoken elsewhere
2194:
2427:
2167:
662:
646:
637:
2909:
2811:
2571:
411:
8:
2678:
2577:
867:
549:
534:
493:
484:
475:
468:
260:
spoke Kansa as a child. The last mother-tongue speaker, Ralph Pepper, died in June 1982.
3063:
3007:
2997:
2866:
2486:
822:
818:
341:
331:
245:
122:
194:
2856:
2542:
2515:
2503:
2481:
2476:
2131:
794:
363:
353:
304:
3017:
2944:
2850:
2768:
2740:
2673:
2663:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2527:
2498:
2492:
2461:
2455:
336:
109:
70:
2145:
Ranney, Dave. "Researchers try to preserve Indian languages.", accessed 8 Apr 2011
3024:
2971:
2951:
2892:
2833:
2826:
2821:
2787:
2668:
2588:
2583:
2558:
2552:
2471:
2376:
2353:
2073:
801:
631:
358:
241:
101:
91:
2364:
207:
3044:
2881:
2816:
2619:
2547:
2509:
2466:
2085:
2081:
2077:
1996:
797:
257:
2109:
3057:
2763:
871:
170:
39:
2359:
2978:
2537:
541:
804:. Additionally, /a/ and /o/ can also be pronounced as and respectively.
161:
2346:
784:
765:
730:
719:
707:
2396:
2114:
917:
773:
712:
249:
63:
2088:
speakers together to share best practices in language revitalization.
889:
2295:
Kanza
Language for Families & Communities Volume 1 Online Edition
747:
375:
187:
154:
2260:"Orthography and Ideology: Examining the Development of Kaw Writing"
215:
2709:
2431:
2195:"Kaws (or Kanzas, Kansas) - Kansapedia - Kansas Historical Society"
253:
53:
16:
Siouan language of the
Dhegihan group once spoken by the Kaw people
278:
migration, the
Dhegiha Siouan group branched into five indigenous
2233:. Kanza Language Project, Kaw City, OK: Kaw Nation, 2010, p. xiii
370:
223:
49:
312:
helped the Kaw Nation to develop language learning materials.
2246:
Ranney, Dave. “Researchers try to preserve Indian languages.”
2219:
The Kansa Indians: A History of the Wind People, 1673-1873
1811:
2072:
The 2nd Annual Dhegiha Gathering in 2012 brought Kansa,
844:), it must be a single squirrel because of the article
2356:(extensive online language study resources and texts)
2134:(Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.
3055:
291:phrases and words. There are, however, ongoing
2365:OLAC resources in and about the Kansa language
2725:
2412:
298:
2387:Kanza Language for Families and Communities
2054:
2047:
2035:
2028:
2016:
2009:
1849:
1824:
1797:
1772:
1747:
1722:
1697:
1672:
1647:
1622:
1597:
1572:
1547:
1522:
1497:
1472:
1447:
1422:
1397:
1372:
1347:
1322:
1297:
1272:
1247:
1222:
1197:
1172:
1147:
1118:
1093:
1068:
1043:
1018:
992:
967:
901:
875:
845:
832:
826:
27:
2732:
2718:
2419:
2405:
2064:
285:
214:
2426:
75:June 1982, with the death of Ralph Pepper
2392:Examining the Development of Kaw Writing
2241:
2239:
2132:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
1873:
1871:
1869:
866:based on the person and number of their
227:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
3084:Native American language revitalization
303:Pioneering anthropologist and linguist
3056:
320:Kansa has 29 consonants and 8 vowels.
222:Kansa is classified as Extinct by the
2713:
2400:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2236:
2221:. Norman: U of OK Press, 1971, p. 12
2105:
2103:
2101:
1866:
2739:
2189:
2187:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
1940:
1938:
2538:Mesquakie (Fox, Kickapoo, and Sauk)
2257:
907:
894:
881:
838:
13:
2360:Kaw Indian Language (Kansa, Kanza)
2275:
2098:
1958:
1920:. In written communications where
14:
3095:
2340:
2184:
2149:
1935:
783:
778:
764:
759:
752:
736:
729:
724:
685:
676:
667:
645:
636:
620:
611:
604:
586:
579:
570:
563:
540:
533:
522:
515:
508:
492:
483:
474:
467:
451:
442:
433:
426:
410:
401:
392:
385:
263:
3069:Indigenous languages of Oklahoma
2692:
2691:
2347:Kansa language at the Kaw Nation
2313:"Dhegiha Gathering Agenda, 2012"
2305:
2301:. Kaw Nation of Oklahoma. 2003.
874:. For example, in the sentence
3079:Languages extinct in the 1980s
2251:
2224:
2211:
2138:
2124:
923:
842: We looked at a squirrel
817:Kansa does not mark nouns for
800:, whereas /o/ is phonetically
1:
2091:
1982:
258:Vice President Charles Curtis
85:
2641:Black American Sign Language
315:
7:
2533:Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache
2370:English to Kansa Dictionary
2231:Kaanze Weyaje: Kanza Reader
862:language and the verbs are
10:
3100:
807:
272:
3038:
3005:
2996:
2961:
2934:
2923:
2901:
2865:
2842:
2804:
2797:
2777:
2756:
2747:
2687:
2656:
2628:
2448:
2438:
1955:cannot be written easily.
942:
939:
936:
933:
900:), comes before the verb
777:
751:
706:
661:
630:
548:
369:
328:
299:Scholarship and resources
248:group once spoken by the
213:
201:
185:
168:
152:
147:
98:
79:
69:
59:
45:
35:
26:
21:
3074:Western Siouan languages
2382:Kansa Talking Dictionary
853:
812:
2493:Chiwere (Iowa and Otoe)
2120:(subscription required)
2065:Language revitalization
2055:
2048:
2036:
2029:
2017:
2010:
1850:
1825:
1798:
1773:
1748:
1723:
1698:
1673:
1648:
1623:
1598:
1573:
1548:
1523:
1498:
1473:
1448:
1423:
1398:
1373:
1348:
1323:
1298:
1273:
1248:
1223:
1198:
1173:
1148:
1119:
1094:
1069:
1044:
1019:
993:
968:
902:
888:
876:
846:
833:
827:
293:language revitalization
286:Geographic distribution
28:
2636:American Sign Language
2248:, accessed 12 Apr 2011
951:English translation
916:Kansa does not have
2258:McBride, Justin T.
930:
885: I want water
834:Sínga miⁿ aⁿdómbabe
701:
325:
2963:Mississippi Siouan
2798:Mississippi Valley
2375:2016-10-11 at the
2352:2014-05-22 at the
2217:Unrau, William E.
2168:"WebKanza - KANZA"
1971:in contexts where
1969:⟨Gh⟩
1967:may be written as
1947:may be written as
1924:cannot be written
1918:⟨p’⟩
1914:⟨ph⟩
1898:⟨k’⟩
1894:⟨kh⟩
928:
699:
323:
119:Mississippi Valley
3051:
3050:
3045:extinct languages
3034:
3033:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2919:
2918:
2843:Chiwere–Winnebago
2707:
2706:
2516:Hitchiti-Mikasuki
2172:www.kawnation.com
2118:(18th ed., 2015)
2062:
2061:
1975:cannot be written
1973:⟨Ɣ⟩
1965:⟨Ɣ⟩
1953:⟨Č⟩
1949:⟨C⟩
1945:⟨Č⟩
1932:are used instead.
1930:⟨N⟩
1926:⟨~⟩
1922:⟨ⁿ⟩
1910:⟨p⟩
1906:⟨b⟩
1902:⟨m⟩
1890:⟨k⟩
1886:⟨g⟩
1882:⟨n⟩
1878:⟨ⁿ⟩
1862:
1861:
1002:(female speaker)
791:
790:
697:
696:
597:
556:
505:
464:
423:
382:
305:James Owen Dorsey
235:
234:
3091:
3003:
3002:
2932:
2931:
2802:
2801:
2754:
2753:
2741:Siouan languages
2734:
2727:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2695:
2694:
2648:Plains Sign Talk
2421:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2318:. Archived from
2317:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2290:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2164:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2107:
2058:
2051:
2039:
2032:
2020:
2013:
1990:
1989:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1853:
1846:
1828:
1821:
1801:
1794:
1776:
1769:
1751:
1744:
1726:
1719:
1701:
1694:
1676:
1669:
1651:
1644:
1626:
1619:
1601:
1594:
1576:
1569:
1551:
1544:
1526:
1519:
1501:
1494:
1476:
1469:
1451:
1444:
1426:
1419:
1401:
1394:
1376:
1369:
1351:
1344:
1326:
1319:
1301:
1294:
1276:
1269:
1251:
1244:
1226:
1219:
1201:
1194:
1176:
1169:
1151:
1144:
1122:
1115:
1097:
1090:
1072:
1065:
1047:
1040:
1022:
1015:
996:
989:
971:
964:
931:
927:
912:
909:
905:
899:
896:
886:
883:
879:
849:
843:
840:
836:
830:
787:
782:
768:
763:
756:
740:
733:
728:
702:
698:
689:
680:
671:
649:
640:
624:
615:
608:
595:
590:
583:
574:
567:
554:
544:
537:
526:
519:
512:
503:
496:
487:
478:
471:
462:
455:
446:
437:
430:
421:
414:
405:
396:
389:
380:
326:
322:
229:
218:
197:
180:
164:
157:
104:
90:
87:
31:
19:
18:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3030:
2984:
2957:
2936:Virginia Siouan
2915:
2897:
2861:
2838:
2793:
2773:
2743:
2738:
2708:
2703:
2683:
2652:
2624:
2444:
2434:
2425:
2377:Wayback Machine
2354:Wayback Machine
2343:
2338:
2337:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2276:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2166:
2165:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2108:
2099:
2094:
2067:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1867:
929:Kansa alphabet
926:
910:
897:
884:
856:
841:
815:
810:
374:
348:
318:
301:
288:
275:
266:
242:Siouan language
231:
230:
221:
193:
176:
173:
160:
153:
143:
105:
102:Language family
100:
94:speakers (2007)
88:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3049:
3048:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3013:
3011:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2938:
2929:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2905:
2903:
2902:(unclassified)
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2757:Missouri River
2751:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2657:Non-Indigenous
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2632:
2630:
2629:Sign languages
2626:
2625:
2623:
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2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
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2574:
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2513:
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2401:
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2357:
2342:
2341:External links
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2014:
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2003:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
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1934:
1880:is written as
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115:Western Siouan
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940:Pronunciation
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171:Linguist List
167:
163:
159:
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151:
146:
132:
129:
128:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
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40:United States
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
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3006:
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2943:
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2598:
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2564:
2557:
2521:
2520:
2508:
2491:
2440:
2327:. Retrieved
2320:the original
2307:
2294:
2266:. Retrieved
2253:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2213:
2202:. Retrieved
2199:www.kshs.org
2198:
2175:. Retrieved
2171:
2140:
2126:
2113:
2071:
2068:
1986:
1960:
1856:
1831:
1804:
1779:
1754:
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1229:
1204:
1179:
1154:
1129:
1125:
1100:
1075:
1050:
1025:
999:
974:
915:
898: water
857:
816:
795:phonetically
792:
319:
310:
302:
289:
279:
276:
267:
237:
236:
186:
130:
2926:Ohio Valley
2910:Mitchigamea
2888:Omaha–Ponca
2812:Assiniboine
1680:bird's tail
924:Orthography
918:verb tenses
858:Kansa is a
663:Approximant
504:glottalized
324:Consonants
181:Kansa-Osage
127:Kansa–Osage
3058:Categories
2679:Vietnamese
2578:Potawatomi
2449:Indigenous
2329:2012-09-22
2268:2017-02-23
2204:2017-05-01
2177:2017-05-01
2115:Ethnologue
2092:References
1983:Vocabulary
937:Lower case
934:Upper case
252:people of
64:Kaw people
3064:Kaw tribe
3043:indicate
2487:Chickasaw
2428:Languages
1305:third son
877:ni kóⁿbla
864:inflected
802:close-mid
555:voiceless
550:Fricative
463:aspirated
376:Affricate
316:Phonology
188:Glottolog
155:ISO 639-3
89: 12
60:Ethnicity
3008:Catawban
2867:Dhegihan
2857:Ho-Chunk
2698:Category
2543:Muscogee
2510:Delaware
2504:Comanche
2482:Cheyenne
2477:Cherokee
2432:Oklahoma
2373:Archived
2350:Archived
1993:English
1524:yup’íⁿze
943:Example
868:subjects
798:open-mid
349:alveolar
342:Alveolar
332:Bilabial
254:Oklahoma
246:Dhegihan
195:kans1243
54:Oklahoma
3041:Italics
3018:Catawba
2998:Eastern
2945:Moneton
2851:Chiwere
2805:Dakotan
2769:Hidatsa
2749:Western
2674:Spanish
2664:English
2614:Wyandot
2607:Wichita
2600:Tonkawa
2594:Shawnee
2528:Koasati
2499:Choctaw
2462:Arapaho
2456:Alabama
2441:Italics
1904:before
1884:before
1455:boiling
1380:blanket
1355:striped
1224:ìⁿtánga
1101:look at
908:transl.
895:transl.
882:transl.
872:objects
839:transl.
808:Grammar
793:/ɛ/ is
700:Vowels
371:Plosive
364:Glottal
354:Palatal
273:History
244:of the
123:Dhegiha
81:Revival
71:Extinct
3025:Woccon
2972:Biloxi
2893:Quapaw
2834:Stoney
2827:Lakota
2822:Dakota
2788:Mandan
2779:Mandan
2669:German
2589:Seneca
2584:Quapaw
2559:Pawnee
2553:Ottawa
2472:Cayuga
2074:Quapaw
2044:woman
2006:house
2001:Kansa
1900:, and
1780:yellow
1730:tattoo
1724:xlexlé
1424:obáhaⁿ
1280:turtle
1230:gravel
1076:strike
903:kóⁿbla
823:gender
819:number
596:voiced
381:voiced
337:Dental
280:tribes
224:UNESCO
110:Siouan
50:Kansas
46:Region
2882:Osage
2876:Kansa
2817:Sioux
2620:Yuchi
2572:Ponca
2548:Osage
2522:Kansa
2467:Caddo
2323:(PDF)
2316:(PDF)
2299:(PDF)
2263:(PDF)
2110:Kansa
2086:Ponca
2082:Omaha
2078:Osage
2056:wak'ó
2049:wak'ó
2030:níhka
1997:Osage
1951:when
1799:zhúje
1643:/tsʼ/
1624:t’óxa
1580:brown
1574:shábe
1555:black
1530:blink
1499:phóke
1449:oⁿháⁿ
1405:water
1324:k’óse
1299:khága
1095:dómbe
1064:/tʃʰ/
1045:česká
1039:/tʃː/
948:Kansa
854:Verbs
828:sínga
813:Nouns
720:Close
708:Front
632:Nasal
422:tense
359:Velar
347:Post-
240:is a
238:Kansa
208:Kanza
131:Kansa
29:Káⁿza
22:Kansa
2764:Crow
2084:and
2037:níka
2025:man
1826:ɣagé
1774:zíhi
1749:yéba
1705:bone
1699:wahú
1655:dead
1649:ts'e
1630:bent
1618:/tʼ/
1605:deer
1593:/tː/
1549:sábe
1518:/pʼ/
1505:thud
1493:/pʰ/
1480:nose
1468:/pː/
1430:wear
1349:léze
1330:dice
1318:/kʼ/
1293:/kʰ/
1268:/kː/
1255:lake
1243:/dʒ/
1180:fish
1155:make
1149:gáxe
1126:like
1070:čhiⁿ
1026:I go
994:aⁿhá
870:and
774:Open
713:Back
2979:Ofo
2430:of
2112:at
2011:hcí
1928:or
1916:or
1896:or
1857:use
1851:’oⁿ
1845:/ʔ/
1832:cry
1820:/ɣ/
1805:red
1793:/ʒ/
1768:/z/
1755:jaw
1743:/j/
1718:/x/
1693:/w/
1674:úbe
1668:/y/
1639:ts'
1636:Ts'
1568:/ʃ/
1543:/s/
1443:/õ/
1418:/o/
1393:/n/
1374:miⁿ
1368:/m/
1343:/l/
1218:/ĩ/
1205:egg
1199:itá
1193:/i/
1168:/h/
1143:/g/
1120:égo
1114:/ɛ/
1089:/d/
1051:cow
1020:ble
1014:/b/
1000:yes
988:/ã/
975:arm
963:/a/
913:).
893:, (
860:SOV
847:miⁿ
837:, (
821:or
748:Mid
524:tsʼ
485:tʃʰ
444:tʃː
250:Kaw
203:ELP
178:qlc
162:ksk
3060::
2277:^
2238:^
2197:.
2186:^
2170:.
2151:^
2100:^
2080:,
2076:,
2018:či
1937:^
1912:,
1908:,
1892:,
1888:,
1868:^
1789:zh
1786:Zh
1614:t'
1611:T'
1599:ta
1564:sh
1561:Sh
1514:p'
1511:P'
1489:ph
1486:Ph
1474:pa
1439:oⁿ
1436:Oⁿ
1399:ni
1314:k'
1311:K'
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