647:
972:
40:
919:
58:
798:
area. The inscriptions, issued around two and a half month apart, indicate that the
Buddharaja controlled the territory between Anandapura in the east to Vidisha in the west, and that the king had to march from Vidisha to Anandapura during this period. This suggests that Budharaja had taken control
889:
Nanna as a member of the "Katachchuri" family. The inscription is dated to the year 346 of an unspecified era. Assuming the era as
Kalachuri era, Taralasvamin would have been a contemporary of Shankaragana. However, Taralasvamin and Nanna are not mentioned in other Kalachuri records. Also, unlike
1332:
Mahasenagupta, therefore, retired to Malava where too his power was questioned by the
Kalachuri King, Sankaragana. The Later Gupta ruler was pushed eastwards to Vidisa where he spent the rest of his days until his death in A.D. 601. The Kalachuris occupied Vidisa in A.D. 608-9 and the Maitrakas
814:
According to one theory, Mangalesha could not consolidate his gains against the
Kalachuris because of rebellions, first by his subordinate Svamiraja and then by Pulakeshin II. Buddharaja probably lost his sovereignty during a second Chalukya invasion, by Mangalesha, or by his nephew
819:. According to one theory, Mangalesha was the Chalukya ruler responsible for ending the Kalachuri power as his inscriptions mention his victory over the Kalachuris, while no inscriptions credit Pulakeshin with this achievement. According to another theory, Pulakeshin's
626:) surrounds the Nandi figure on his coins. An inscription of his son Shankaragana also describes him as a devotee of Pashupati (an aspect of Shiva) since his birth. Historical evidence suggests that he may have commissioned the Shaivite monuments at the
654:
Krishnaraja's son
Shankaragana ruled during c. 575–600 CE. He is the earliest ruler of the dynasty to be attested by inscriptions from his own reign, which were issued from Ujjain and Nirgundipadraka. He is thought to have warred against the king
890:
other
Kalachuri inscriptions, the date in this inscription is mentioned in decimal numbers. Moreover, some expressions in the inscription appear to have been borrowed from the 7th century Sendraka inscriptions. Because of these evidences,
352:
also call them
Haihayas Kshatriyas although the Kalachuris of Mahishmati do not call themselves by this name in any of their extant records. It is possible that Kalachuris came to be known as Haihayas simply because their capital was
39:
986:
appear to have been built during the
Kalachuri reign, and possibly under Kalachuri patronage. For example, the Ellora Cave No. 29 shows architectural and iconographic similarities with the Elephanta Caves. The earliest coin found at
577:
copper plate inscription of
Bhogashakti, which calls them "Krishnaraja-rupaka". Therefore, it is not certain if Krishnaraja's rule extended over this entire territory, or if these coins traveled to distant places after his death.
793:
respectively. The Vadner-Vidisha inscription records the grant of a village situated in the Vata-nagara (modern Vadner) subdivision, while the
Sarsavani-Anandapura inscription records the grant of a village in the present-day
520:
Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known Kalachuri ruler, and probably established the dynasty with its capital at Mahishmati. The political situation in the region around 550 CE likely favoured him: the death of
347:
The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain. In inscriptions, they are variously known as Kalachuri, Kalatsuri, and Katatchuri. Some historical records — such as the 7th-8th century records of their southern neighbours, the
834:
area - formerly part of the Kalachuri kingdom - was under Chalukya control, as Pulakeshin's inscription records his village grants in this region. This suggests that the Buddharaja's reign ended sometime before 630 CE.
884:
An inscription issued by a prince named Taralasvamin was found at Sankheda (where one of Shankaragana's grants was also found). This inscription describes Taralasvamin as a devotee of Shiva, and his father
881:
suggests that the Kalachuris had become Chalukya feudatories by this time. The Chalukya inscriptions suggest that the two dynasties may have established matrimonial relations in the later years.
951:
The Kalachuris appear to have been the rulers of the Konkan coast, when some of the Elephanta monuments were built. Silver coins of Krishnaraja have been found along the Konkan coast, on the
827:
and the "three Maharashtras", which probably refers to the territories of the Kalachuris and their feudatories. The unnamed adversary referred to in this inscription may have been Buddharaja.
877:
No concrete information is available about the successors of Buddharaja, but it is possible that the Kalachuris continued to rule at Mahishmati. A 687 CE inscription of the Chalukya king
388:, proposed a foreign origin for the Kalachuris. For example, Bhandarkar argues that according to the Puranic tradition, the Haihayas took help from foreign-origin tribes such as the
670:
and issued from his camp at Ujjayini (present-day Ujjain), is the earliest epigraphic record of the Kalachuri dynasty. It records his grant of a land in Bhoga-vardhana (present-day
1603:
373:
region. This is suggested by the use of Gupta era in earlier grants. The later Kalachuris of Tripuri called themselves Haihayas, and traced their ancestry to the legendary
247:
233:
208:
963:
on the island. According to numismatist Shobhana Gokhale, these low-value coins may have been used to pay the wages of the workers involved in the cave excavation.
400:. Bhandarkar therefore presumes that the Haihayas (from whom the Kalachuris claimed origin) were also a foreign tribe. Later scholars have rejected this theory.
327:. Only three Kalachuri kings are known from inscriptional evidence: Shankaragana, Krishnaraja, and Buddharaja. The Kalachuris lost their power to the
773:
inscriptions record his victory over the Kalachuris. The invasion did not result in a complete conquest, as evident by Buddharaja's 609-610 CE (360
2095:
858:
alias Dharmaditya conquered Malwa from Buddharaja. However, a large numbers of scholars dispute this theory in absence of concrete evidence.
365:, Kalachuris used the era of 248-249 CE, which later was called Chedi Era, however they seem to have adopted that era after the conquest of
2090:
1325:
569:
in the east. These coins seem to have remained in circulation for nearly 150 years after his death, as evident from the 710-711 CE (
1610:
721:, which was formerly under the Gupta authority. Abhona is in present-day Maharashtra, which suggests that his empire extended from
315:
The origin of the dynasty is uncertain. In the 6th century, the Kalachuris gained control of the territories formerly ruled by the
646:
705:
and issued by Shankaragana's military officer Shantilla from his "victorious camp" at Nirgundipadraka (in present-day central
1502:
959:. Around 31 of his copper coins have been found on the Elephanta Island, which suggests that he was the patron of the main
754:
Buddharaja succeeded his father Shankaragana around 600 CE, and is the last known ruler of the early Kalachuri dynasty.
2075:
1566:
1542:
1481:
1441:
1139:
1114:
2080:
1766:
948:. Historical evidence suggests that these monuments are associated with Krishnaraja, who was also a Shaivite.
901:
to the early Kalachuri dynasty. He theorizes that the early Kalachuris moved their capital from Mahishmati to
971:
742:
57:
709:). This confirms that Gujarat on the western coast was part of his territory. He adopted the titles of the
2085:
2070:
1660:
2065:
659:
who ruled Malwa after having being ridden of the rest of his empire in Magadha by the king of Kannauj.
2039:
766:
2044:
1675:
999:
The following are the known rulers of the Kalachuri dynasty of Malwa with their estimated reigns (
1930:
1596:
693:
The Abhona inscription describes Shankaragana as the lord of a vast territory extending from the
1961:
1834:
1729:
1552:
855:
1556:
1452:
585:
in weight. They imitate the design of the coins issued by the earlier dynasties including the
45:
Silver coin of king Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) of the Kalachuri dynasty, on the model of the
2003:
1893:
1492:
898:
878:
597:. The obverse features a bust of the king facing right, and the reverse features a figure of
336:
332:
1993:
1883:
1778:
1627:
1583:
8:
1988:
1942:
1903:
1751:
1645:
843:
823:
alludes to his victory over Buddharaja: the inscription states that Pulakeshin conquered
758:
349:
328:
2018:
2013:
1998:
1956:
1913:
1908:
1839:
1824:
1702:
1697:
1655:
1650:
1640:
866:
820:
770:
586:
566:
469:
1898:
1849:
1819:
1797:
1792:
1746:
1734:
1562:
1538:
1519:
1498:
1477:
1458:
1437:
1135:
1110:
378:
2023:
1888:
1871:
1866:
1844:
1829:
1761:
1724:
1665:
941:
795:
598:
240:
213:
1971:
1918:
1854:
1707:
1680:
1532:
1513:
1471:
1431:
1132:
Feudal Social Formation in Early Medieval India: A Study of Kalachuris of Tripuri
960:
956:
952:
929:
922:
831:
679:
627:
562:
554:
553:
Krishnaraja's coins have been found at several places from Rajasthan in north to
465:
385:
370:
309:
46:
918:
1976:
1966:
1876:
1717:
1712:
1619:
778:
737:
362:
297:
282:
850:
region in central India. Based on this, some scholars have theorized that the
2059:
2008:
1756:
891:
816:
808:
698:
656:
619:
594:
504:
484:
454:
366:
324:
226:
1494:
Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
1981:
1859:
1812:
1635:
1523:
1462:
710:
582:
522:
476:
361:
tradition — had been established by Haihaya ruler Mahismanta. According to
316:
305:
1210:
1208:
1807:
1739:
1670:
800:
726:
714:
694:
683:
612:
590:
534:
496:
413:
of the inscriptions issued by the Kalachuris of Mahishmati (map of India)
331:
in the 7th century. One theory connects the later Kalachuri dynasties of
289:
1382:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1802:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1205:
1027:
1023:
785:
grants, described as having been issued from his "victorious" camps at
762:
631:
435:
354:
304:. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the earliest of the
301:
71:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1343:
1341:
1241:
902:
804:
782:
671:
581:
Krishnaraja's extant coins are all of silver, round in shape, and 29
500:
427:
410:
1220:
682:). This suggests that Shankaragana invaded the Malwa kingdom of the
1692:
1172:
1041:
991:, in front of Cave No. 21 (Rameshvara), was issued by Krishnaraja.
933:
886:
861:
Like his father and grandfather, Buddharaja described himself as a
851:
839:
790:
702:
574:
538:
530:
450:
446:
423:
320:
101:
91:
81:
1534:
Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement
1338:
611:. The Nandi design is based on the coins issued by the Gupta king
1925:
1588:
842:, who visited India during c. 639–645 CE, describes a king named
786:
706:
687:
675:
542:
492:
393:
374:
358:
293:
285:
1406:
650:
Coin of King Kalahasila, a Kalachuri feudatory. Circa (575-610).
434:. Literary references suggest that their capital was located at
418:
According to the Kalachuri inscriptions, the dynasty controlled
988:
983:
975:
945:
937:
824:
667:
635:
603:
558:
480:
461:
431:
419:
397:
389:
799:
over Malwa in 608 that had earlier been under the rule of the
1160:
1088:
1086:
1084:
847:
722:
718:
608:
526:
439:
265:
1394:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
865:(devotee of Shiva). His queen Ananta-Mahayi belonged to the
765:
attacked the Kalachuri kingdom from the south. Mangalesha's
1370:
1305:
1270:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1000:
746:, may be identified with the Kalachuri king Shankara-gana.
1081:
1353:
1282:
894:
considered Taralasvamin's inscription as a spurious one.
1473:
Unfolding A Mandala: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Ellora
1184:
1148:
1469:
1429:
1388:
1264:
1235:
1214:
1178:
1062:
740:, king Gana-shankara mentioned in the 8th century text
732:
Like his father, Shankaragana described himself as a
312:
cave monuments were built during the Kalachuri rule.
1450:
1347:
468:) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the
1530:
1412:
622:legend describing the king as a devotee of Shiva (
2057:
1490:
1166:
1107:Feudal social formation in early mediaeval India
1076:History and Culture of South India, to 1336 A.D.
1030:, used by the Kalachuris and so named after them
1433:The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta
487:of Malwa. Around 608, the third Kalachuri king
460:In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern
16:Early Medieval dynasty in India from 550 to 625
1323:
1604:
1551:
1400:
1511:
1454:Political History of the Chālukyas of Badami
1376:
1364:
1311:
1299:
1276:
1199:
1154:
1092:
1010:Shankaragana (Śaṃkaragaṇa), r. c. 575-600 CE
717:, which suggests that he conquered western
1611:
1597:
1013:Buddharaja (Buddharāja), r. c. 600-625 CE
1007:Krishnaraja (Kṛṣṇarāja), r. c. 550-575 CE
908:
970:
917:
686:king Mahasenagupta, who likely moved to
645:
638:, where his coins have been discovered.
1327:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
548:
2096:7th-century disestablishments in India
2058:
1592:
1317:
1129:
1104:
62:India in 565 with Kalachuri dominion
2091:6th-century establishments in India
982:The earliest of the Hindu caves at
13:
1618:
499:rule in Malwa after the defeat of
14:
2107:
1577:
736:(devotee of Shiva). According to
339:to the Kalachuris of Mahishmati.
1470:Geri Hockfield Malandra (1993).
1430:Charles Dillard Collins (1988).
955:(now part of Mumbai) and in the
936:monuments are located along the
701:. Another inscription, found at
292:, as well as parts of mainland
245:
231:
206:
127:
56:
38:
1422:
757:During Buddharaja's reign, the
678:from Kallivana (in present-day
641:
384:Some earlier scholars, such as
300:. Their capital was located at
139:
1515:The Kalachuris and their times
1123:
1098:
1068:
872:
515:
1:
1584:Coins of the Early Kalachuris
1537:. Columbia University Press.
1451:Durga Prasad Dikshit (1980).
1034:
905:, and from there to Tripuri.
749:
1389:Charles Dillard Collins 1988
1265:Charles Dillard Collins 1988
1236:Geri Hockfield Malandra 1993
1215:Charles Dillard Collins 1988
1179:Charles Dillard Collins 1988
1063:Charles Dillard Collins 1988
913:
897:V. V. Mirashi connected the
445:The dynasty also controlled
403:
108:
7:
1531:Ronald M. Davidson (2012).
1130:Verma, Rajiv kumar (2002).
1105:Verma, Rajiv kumar (2002).
1078:By H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy
1017:
666:347) inscription, found at
525:left a political vacuum in
449:, where they succeeded the
10:
2112:
743:Arya-manju-shri-mula-kalpa
510:
475:The second Kalachuri king
2076:History of Madhya Pradesh
2040:Template:History of India
2032:
1941:
1777:
1626:
1491:Om Prakash Misra (2003).
1348:Durga Prasad Dikshit 1980
994:
966:
725:in the north to northern
342:
261:
185:
181:
171:
161:
157:
149:
145:
133:
121:
117:
107:
97:
87:
77:
67:
55:
35:
30:
23:
2045:Template:Medieval Deccan
781:and 610-611 CE (361 KE)
630:and the earliest of the
1561:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1497:. Mittal Publications.
1413:Ronald M. Davidson 2012
1134:. Anamika. p. 19.
1109:. Anamika. p. 19.
662:Shankaragana's 597 CE (
557:in the south, and from
541:power was declining in
495:, following the end of
357:, which — according to
288:that ruled present-day
275:Kalachuris of Mahismati
2081:History of Maharashtra
1835:Kingdom of Bundelkhand
1730:Kingdom of Anahilavada
1333:Ujjain in A.D. 616-17.
979:
925:
909:Cultural contributions
651:
173:• Disestablished
2004:Sultanate of Khandesh
1840:Kingdom of Trikalinga
1783:(Post Tripartite Era)
1688:Kingdom of Mahishmati
1512:R. K. Sharma (1980).
1167:Om Prakash Misra 2003
974:
921:
899:Kalachuris of Tripuri
838:The Chinese traveler
649:
283:early medieval Indian
78:Common languages
1994:Sultanate of Gujarat
1884:Kingdom of Jaisalmer
1324:Sailendra Nath Sen.
1003:names in brackets):
846:as the ruler of the
807:who was defeated by
690:during this period.
549:Coins of Krishnaraja
1989:Sultanate of Bengal
1904:Sultanate of Multan
1793:Kingdom of Junagadh
1779:Middle Medieval Era
1752:Tripartite Struggle
1693:Kingdom of Samatata
1646:Kingdom of Thanesar
507:of Kannauj in 605.
329:Chalukyas of Vatapi
163:• Established
31:c. 550 CE–c. 625 CE
2086:Dynasties of India
2071:History of Gujarat
2014:Kingdom of Bikaner
1999:Sultanate of Malwa
1957:Sultanate of Delhi
1909:Kingdom of Mithila
1894:Kingdom of Kalyani
1825:Kingdom of Sambhar
1820:Kingdom of Amarkot
1703:Kingdom of Kashmir
1656:Kingdom of Gurjara
1651:Kingdom of Valabhi
1641:Kingdom of Kannauj
1628:Early Medieval Era
1401:V. V. Mirashi 1974
980:
926:
821:Aihole inscription
652:
587:Western Kshatrapas
567:Amaravati district
533:rule had ended in
491:took control over
479:took control over
470:Traikutaka dynasty
2066:Kalachuri dynasty
2053:
2052:
2024:Kingdom of Orissa
1943:Late Medieval Era
1899:Kingdom of Marwar
1850:Kingdom of Bengal
1798:Emirate of Multan
1747:Kingdom of Dahala
1735:Kingdom of Bengal
1504:978-81-7099-874-7
1391:, pp. 10–11.
1377:R. K. Sharma 1980
1365:R. K. Sharma 1980
1312:R. K. Sharma 1980
1300:R. K. Sharma 1980
1277:R. K. Sharma 1980
1200:R. K. Sharma 1980
1155:R. K. Sharma 1980
1093:R. K. Sharma 1980
1028:Abhira Ishwarsena
863:Parama-Maheshvara
734:Parama-Maheshvara
624:Parama-maheshvara
607:of the Hindu god
565:) in the west to
379:Kartavirya Arjuna
271:
270:
257:
256:
253:
252:
219:
218:
25:Kalachuri dynasty
2103:
2019:Kingdom of Mewat
2009:Kingdom of Sindh
1949:
1948:
1926:Lords of Magadha
1889:Kingdom of Kutch
1872:Kingdom of Sindh
1867:Kingdom of Amber
1845:Kingdom of Malwa
1830:Kingdom of Mewar
1785:
1784:
1725:Kingdom of Gauda
1698:Kingdom of Nepal
1666:Kingdom of Sindh
1661:Kingdom of Malwa
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1572:
1548:
1527:
1508:
1487:
1466:
1447:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1351:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1239:
1233:
1218:
1217:, pp. 9–10.
1212:
1203:
1197:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1060:
942:Elephanta Island
483:around 597 from
279:Early Kalachuris
249:
248:
241:Chalukya dynasty
235:
234:
223:
222:
214:Vakataka dynasty
210:
209:
203:
202:
187:
186:
60:
42:
21:
20:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2028:
1947:(Sultanate Era)
1946:
1945:
1944:
1937:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1757:Kingdom of Lata
1636:Magadhan Empire
1622:
1617:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1545:
1505:
1484:
1444:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1379:, pp. 6–7.
1375:
1371:
1363:
1354:
1346:
1339:
1330:. p. 247.
1322:
1318:
1314:, pp. 5–6.
1310:
1306:
1298:
1283:
1279:, pp. 4–5.
1275:
1271:
1263:
1242:
1234:
1221:
1213:
1206:
1198:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1103:
1099:
1095:, pp. 2–3.
1091:
1082:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1042:
1037:
1020:
997:
969:
957:Nashik district
953:Salsette Island
930:Elephanta Caves
923:Elephanta Caves
916:
911:
875:
830:By 630 CE, the
752:
680:Nashik district
644:
628:Elephanta Caves
555:Satara district
551:
518:
513:
416:
415:
414:
406:
386:D.R. Bhandarkar
345:
246:
232:
207:
174:
164:
136:
135:• 600–625
124:
123:• 550–575
63:
51:
50:
47:Western Satraps
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2109:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1953:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1847:
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932:which contain
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867:Pashupata sect
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738:K. P. Jayaswal
729:in the south.
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262:Today part of
260:
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227:Garha Kingdom
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1423:Bibliography
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1367:, p. 6.
1331:
1326:
1319:
1307:
1302:, p. 5.
1272:
1238:, p. 6.
1202:, p. 4.
1181:, p. 6.
1174:
1162:
1157:, p. 2.
1150:
1131:
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1065:, p. 9.
998:
981:
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927:
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856:Shiladitya I
837:
829:
813:
811:of Kannauj.
774:
756:
753:
741:
733:
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692:
663:
661:
653:
642:Shankaragana
623:
617:
602:
580:
570:
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523:Yashodharman
519:
503:of Malwa by
488:
477:Shankaragana
474:
459:
444:
417:
383:
346:
314:
278:
274:
272:
196:Succeeded by
195:
190:
18:
1803:Kabul Shahi
1767:Rashtrakuta
1518:. Sundeep.
1457:. Abhinav.
1026:founded by
978:Cave No. 29
961:cave temple
879:Vinayaditya
873:Descendants
801:Later Gupta
727:Maharashtra
715:Skandagupta
684:Later Gupta
632:Brahmanical
613:Skandagupta
601:, the bull
591:Traikutakas
535:Maharashtra
516:Krishnaraja
497:later Gupta
457:dynasties.
363:RC Majumdar
290:Maharashtra
191:Preceded by
128:Krishnaraja
2060:Categories
1931:Pithipatis
1558:Bhavabhuti
1035:References
844:Shiladitya
791:Anandapura
763:Mangalesha
750:Buddharaja
593:, and the
573:year 461)
537:, and the
489:Buddharaja
436:Mahishmati
411:Find spots
396:, and the
355:Mahishmati
302:Mahishmati
281:, were an
140:Buddharaja
98:Government
72:Mahishmati
914:Elephanta
903:Kalanjara
805:Devagupta
783:Sarsavani
672:Bhokardan
634:caves at
571:Kalachuri
501:Devagupta
466:Elephanta
428:Sarsavani
404:Territory
350:Chalukyas
321:Vakatakas
310:Elephanta
277:, or the
177:c. 625 CE
167:c. 550 CE
88:Religion
1555:(1974).
1018:See also
934:Shaivite
887:Maharaja
852:Maitraka
840:Xuanzang
767:Mahakuta
759:Chalukya
713:emperor
703:Sankhera
575:Anjaneri
563:Salsette
539:Maitraka
531:Vakataka
464:(around
453:and the
451:Vakataka
447:Vidarbha
442:region.
424:Sankheda
323:and the
102:Monarchy
92:Hinduism
82:Sanskrit
2033:Related
1972:Tughlaq
1919:Oiniwar
1855:Chandra
1762:Gurjara
1708:Karkota
1681:Habbari
1676:Brahman
1524:7816720
1463:8313041
1074:P. 124
825:Konkana
796:Bharuch
787:Vidisha
707:Gujarat
688:Vidisha
676:Brahmin
674:) to a
543:Gujarat
511:History
493:Vidisha
438:in the
394:Yavanas
375:Haihaya
359:Puranic
337:Kalyani
333:Tripuri
294:Gujarat
286:dynasty
150:History
68:Capital
1977:Sayyid
1967:Khalji
1962:Mamluk
1914:Karnat
1877:Soomra
1718:Lohara
1713:Utpala
1565:
1541:
1522:
1501:
1480:
1461:
1440:
1138:
1113:
995:Rulers
989:Ellora
984:Ellora
976:Ellora
967:Ellora
946:Mumbai
938:Konkan
832:Nashik
779:Vadner
668:Abhona
636:Ellora
604:vahana
595:Guptas
589:, the
583:grains
559:Mumbai
529:, the
481:Ujjain
462:Konkan
432:Vadner
420:Abhona
398:Khasas
392:, the
390:Shakas
377:ruler
371:Nashik
343:Origin
319:, the
317:Guptas
306:Ellora
153:
113:
1813:Hindu
944:near
854:king
848:Malwa
803:king
771:Nerur
761:king
723:Malwa
719:Malwa
711:Gupta
609:Shiva
599:Nandi
527:Malwa
440:Malwa
266:India
1982:Lodi
1860:Sena
1808:Turk
1740:Pala
1563:ISBN
1539:ISBN
1520:OCLC
1499:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1459:OCLC
1438:ISBN
1136:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1001:IAST
928:The
789:and
769:and
430:and
369:and
367:Lata
335:and
308:and
273:The
109:King
1671:Rai
697:to
2062::
1355:^
1340:^
1284:^
1243:^
1222:^
1207:^
1186:^
1083:^
1043:^
869:.
777:)
775:KE
618:A
615:.
545:.
472:.
426:,
422:,
381:.
1612:e
1605:t
1598:v
1571:.
1547:.
1526:.
1507:.
1486:.
1465:.
1446:.
1144:.
1119:.
561:(
49:.
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