234:
to
Mornington Island. The uprooting effectively set in place the process of the destruction of both Kaiadilt culture and language since all children were restricted to dormitories, away from their parents and kin, and the transmission of the language and lore was lost. On Mornington Island they lived
210:
Sometime around 1916, a man remembered only as McKenzie came to
Bentinck Island and set up a sheep run, basing himself on a site at the mouth of the Kurumnbali estuary. He would ride over the island, accompanied by a pack of dogs, and shoot any Kaiadilt man who came within sight; in local memory, he
287:
carriers, which is very rare within the continental
Australian Aboriginal population. A high incidence of blond hair occurs among their children. Another feature that marks them off is that the Kaiadilt allow women to join in the circumcision rites. Their society, according to
143:
began to record it, the numbers had declined to approximately 40. By 2005, only seven fluent speakers remained, and the last speaker of classical
Kayardild died in 2015, though it is also reported that there was still one fluent female speaker as late as February 2017.
247:, who denied them access to the fishing grounds. Conditions were so severe that for several years all children were stillborn, creating a gap in the generations. From the late 1960s onwards, the Kaiadilt began to return to their own islands.
401:, who began field work on the island in 1942. Their mythology evokes a mysterious being whose name means "he who walks behind" led the Kaiadilt to discover water, at Berumoi, by the northerly tip of Bentinck island.
369:. The Kaiadilt lived on a maritime seafood economy, with nomadic movements determined by weather and seasons. The division of labour meant women gathered on the littoral such foods as small rock oysters (
196:
had been harvested by visitors who had axes, and earthenware pots have been uncovered. They were generally diffident with strangers. The first white man to have set foot on the island was
1112:
361:(lands void of men). Despite the poor soil, a wide variety of vegetables were noted by early travellers. The basic arboreal cover consisted of small varieties of eucalyptus,
1025:
1229:
389:. After the monsoonal rains, the rich silt flow from Queensland rivers into the Gulf lowered salinity allowing marine grasses on which the latter browsed to thrive.
2947:
230:
tidal surge swept the area in 1948, which followed fast on the severe drought that struck in 1946, the
Kaiadilt were transferred by missionaries and the
1062:
212:
263:
claim in 1996. The application concerned all the area covered from
Bentinck and Sweer Islands' high water line for "as far as the eye could see". In
2982:
2975:
2940:
1222:
1040:
219:
there. The
Kaiadilt managed to return to Sweers only on McKenzie's departure. The massacre was only recorded by researchers in the 1980s.
283:
of all known
Aboriginal Australian peoples, at 1.7 persons per square mile. They are characterised by having a high percentage, 43%, of
353:
and the associated molluscs, some 400 varieties of which had been discovered by the early 1900s. For the
Kaiadilt, Bentinck island was
381:), which are found one every .9 kilometres around Bentinck's coastline, but also along the shores of Sweers islands's calcareous
3005:
2954:
1215:
124:
asserted that "no language uses noun affixes to express tense", a claim that reflected a tradition in
Western thought going back to
2968:
732:
292:, lacked the classificatory system characteristic of most Aboriginal Australian societies, though they were divided into eight
2961:
1197:
1094:
1011:
983:
957:
929:
879:
702:
721:'We're the mob you should be listening to': Aboriginal Elders talk about community-school relationships on Mornington Island
168:
The Kaiadilt were mainly centred on Bentinck Island. Unlike many other northern Aboriginal groups, particularly those of
112:
Analysis of the grammar of Kayardild revealed that it provided an empirical challenge to a theorem regarding putative
90:
173:
1189:
259:(DOGIT) was given to the original inhabitants, represented by the Kaiadilt Aboriginal Land Trust, which made a
1186:
Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names
1117:
3010:
24:
240:
40:
132:
discovered a breach in the theory, for Kayardild happens to inflect not only verbs, but also nouns, for
268:
1169:
1108:
1067:
1021:
993:
967:
939:
260:
140:
129:
121:
690:
157:
48:
2882:
1371:
1148:"The Tangkic languages of Australia: Phonology and morphosyntax of Lardil, Kayardild and Yukulta"
201:
28:
1181:
1588:
1364:
1250:
1238:
921:
256:
74:
1207:
1084:
943:
867:
728:
231:
891:"The Aboriginal Material Culture of the Wellesley Islands and Adjacent Mainland Coast, Gulf"
349:
covered flatland". The general area is characterised by reef-building corals, predominantly
85:, but unlike most Australian languages, including others classified under Tangkic including
1882:
1045:
1003:
970:(1998). "Aborigines Speak a Primitive Language". In Bauer, Laurie; Trudgill, Peter (eds.).
890:
185:
113:
514:) we mean a sound significant by convention, which has no reference to time (...) A verb (
8:
1160:
215:. He also kidnapped and raped native girls. He then moved to Sweers Island, and set up a
32:
518:) is that which, in addition to its proper meaning, carries with it the notion of time'.
2822:
2607:
2295:
1532:
1134:
507:
404:
The construction of the rock traps for fishing is attributed to the mythical creatures
280:
223:
70:
64:
719:
1193:
1090:
1007:
979:
953:
949:
925:
875:
698:
181:
133:
82:
52:
695:
Blood on the Wattle: Massacres and maltreatment of Aboriginal Australians since 1788
156:
amount to roughly 70 square miles (180 km); the nation's western border lay at
2190:
1959:
1138:
1126:
902:
197:
86:
2826:
2810:
2551:
2078:
1581:
997:
454:
329:(be bitten). The literal meaning is: 'that by means of which the smoke is bitten'
1041:"Translation app helping to preserve endangered Indigenous Queensland languages"
377:) and crabs, while the men, when not harvesting the catch from rock fish traps (
2830:
2341:
1875:
1791:
1728:
1462:
1177:
1030:
398:
289:
177:
1130:
2999:
2912:
2871:
2834:
2818:
2754:
2530:
2488:
2113:
2106:
1973:
1966:
1889:
1819:
1686:
1525:
1483:
1350:
1308:
1104:
975:
907:
244:
117:
44:
2768:
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2705:
2453:
2439:
2390:
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2303:
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2141:
2120:
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1931:
1896:
1847:
1812:
1679:
1469:
1413:
1336:
1315:
1266:
487:
293:
139:
Kayardild was spoken by no more than perhaps 150 people, and by 1982, when
2891:
2796:
2656:
2635:
2628:
2558:
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2460:
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2211:
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1322:
2919:
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2621:
2614:
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2176:
2050:
2015:
1910:
1777:
1700:
1630:
1602:
1574:
1455:
1329:
1301:
1242:
284:
89:, Kayardild exhibits a case morphology that is accusative, rather than
36:
345:
The Kaiadilt once thrived on what has been called a "sterile shelf of
2747:
2733:
2691:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2544:
2509:
2502:
2474:
2467:
2411:
2362:
2246:
2225:
2127:
2099:
1987:
1945:
1861:
1749:
1742:
1658:
1637:
1567:
1497:
1434:
1406:
1399:
1385:
1378:
1170:
Southern Cross University Gulf of Carpentaria Scientific Study Report
382:
362:
216:
125:
1147:
945:
A Grammar of Kayardild: With Historical-comparative Notes on Tangkic
2898:
2677:
2593:
2523:
2516:
2425:
2369:
2274:
2239:
2218:
2197:
2155:
2036:
2022:
2008:
1994:
1917:
1903:
1854:
1840:
1826:
1798:
1763:
1756:
1707:
1693:
1665:
1623:
1511:
1441:
1427:
1420:
1343:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1259:
1162:
Sweers Island: changes over two hundred years since Flinders' visit
366:
357:(the land of all) while the outlying Sweers and Allen islands were
350:
346:
227:
189:
1086:
Gunyah, Goondie + Wurley: The Aboriginal Architecture of Australia
2905:
2857:
2850:
2726:
2698:
2670:
2600:
2537:
2481:
2418:
2397:
2320:
2311:
2307:
2281:
2267:
2148:
2134:
2064:
2057:
2001:
1770:
1735:
1714:
1651:
1609:
1595:
1560:
1490:
1448:
1392:
1294:
457:
2843:
2782:
2719:
2663:
2586:
2446:
2432:
2404:
2355:
2253:
2092:
1980:
1938:
1721:
1539:
1504:
1476:
1237:
999:
Dying Words: Endangered Languages and What They Have to Tell Us
386:
78:
2761:
2260:
2183:
1868:
1784:
1518:
397:
Kaiadilt mythology was first collected by the anthropologist
236:
2383:
1616:
271:
accorded the owners rights to five nautical miles seaward.
193:
153:
43:, but also made nomadic fishing and hunting forays to both
639:
918:
Sick Societies: Challenging the Myth of Primitive Harmony
794:
792:
658:
656:
654:
574:
870:. In Sonnenhauser, Barbara; Meermann, Anastasia (eds.).
868:"Distance in Tensed Nominals: A Typological Perspective"
809:
807:
755:
753:
819:
176:, something attested by the lack of loanwords from the
831:
789:
777:
673:
671:
651:
540:
538:
536:
534:
804:
750:
93:. Etymologically Kayardild is a compound formed from
1039:
Margolis, Zara; Tatham, Harriet (14 February 2017).
152:
The territory of Bentinck Island and its contiguous
765:
668:
615:
605:
603:
601:
586:
562:
531:
174:
Southern Asian island traders such as the Makassans
874:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 69–94.
843:
550:
265:The Lardil Peoples v State of Queensland FCA 298
2997:
627:
598:
1063:"Visual art review: Sally Gabori retrospective"
1026:"Artist Sally Gabori had a language of her own"
1038:
645:
385:, foraged more broadly for sharks, turtle and
188:languages, though some early records indicate
172:, they appear to have had little contact with
1223:
243:. They were looked down on by the Indigenous
697:. New Holland Publishers. pp. 203–206.
109:) 'strong', thus meaning 'strong language'.
1152:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics
1103:
689:
580:
1230:
1216:
872:Distance in Language: Grounding a Metaphor
114:linguistic universals in natural languages
906:
1113:"Natural language and natural selection"
1060:
915:
825:
711:
621:
340:
1176:
1158:
1082:
837:
813:
798:
783:
759:
662:
544:
488:Mirdidingkingathi Juwarnda Sally Gabori
475:
2998:
865:
683:
592:
1211:
1145:
1020:
992:
966:
938:
849:
771:
677:
633:
609:
568:
556:
334:
274:
888:
717:
415:
738:from the original on 11 August 2018
51:. Most Kaiadilt people now live on
13:
1089:. University of Queensland Press.
895:Queensland Archaeological Research
16:Australian Aboriginal ethnic group
14:
3022:
481:
315:('car') literally 'ground-runner'
3006:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland
39:, Australia. They are native to
250:
1190:Australian National University
1061:McDonald, John (5 July 2016).
501:
321:('tobacco') form by combining
222:Sweers Island was declared an
1:
1118:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
306:
279:The Kaiadilt had the highest
235:in a separate zone, in beach
1146:Round, Erich R. (May 2017).
916:Edgerton, Robert B. (1992).
525:
392:
25:Aboriginal Australian people
7:
718:Bond, Hilary (March 2004).
213:murdered at least 11 people
58:
10:
3027:
1589:Guugu Yimithirr/Kokoimudji
866:Adamou, Evangelia (2015).
858:
646:Margolis & Tatham 2017
163:
147:
62:
2929:
2881:
1249:
1131:10.1017/S0140525X00081061
1068:The Sydney Morning Herald
510:, 16b, 6-9: 'By as noun (
908:10.25120/qar.15.2012.232
494:
2883:Torres Strait Islanders
1372:Bidjara (Warrego River)
1178:Tindale, Norman Barnett
1159:Saenger, Peter (2005).
581:Pinker & Bloom 1990
1365:Bidjara (Bulloo River)
1083:Memmott, Paul (2007).
325:(smoke) with the root
257:Deed of Grant in Trust
2935:By state or territory
2440:Uw Oykangand/Kwantari
1575:Gungganyji/Kongkandji
1547:Gugu-Badhun/Kokopatun
1239:Indigenous Australian
1004:John Wiley & Sons
729:James Cook University
341:Ecology and lifestyle
232:Queensland Government
29:South Wellesley group
978:. pp. 159–168.
924:. pp. 180–181.
460:for Bentinck Island)
451:Malununde, Malununda
3011:Gulf of Carpentaria
889:Best, Anna (2012).
351:Acropora hyacinthus
33:Gulf of Carpentaria
2948:Northern Territory
508:De Interpretatione
464:Mardunung, Madunun
422:Bentinck Islanders
408:(black crane) and
281:population density
275:People and society
224:Aboriginal reserve
71:Kayardild language
65:Kayardild language
2993:
2992:
2983:Western Australia
1582:Gunggari/Kunggari
1428:Djabugay/Tjapukai
1199:978-0-708-10741-6
1096:978-0-702-23245-9
1024:(24 March 2015).
1013:978-1-444-35961-9
985:978-0-141-93910-0
959:978-3-110-12795-9
950:Walter de Gruyter
931:978-0-02-908925-5
881:978-1-443-87884-5
704:978-1-86436-410-1
416:Alternative names
226:in 1934. After a
101:) 'language' and
83:Tangkic languages
53:Mornington Island
3018:
2985:
2978:
2971:
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2957:
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2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2107:Mingin/Mingginda
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
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1906:
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1892:
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1598:
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1563:
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1423:
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1409:
1402:
1395:
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1374:
1367:
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1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1182:"Kaiadilt (QLD)"
1173:
1172:. pp. 1–22.
1167:
1155:
1142:
1100:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1035:
1017:
989:
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935:
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853:
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841:
835:
829:
823:
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811:
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769:
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743:
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687:
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643:
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631:
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619:
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607:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
548:
542:
519:
505:
442:Maldanunda (from
373:), mud cockles (
198:Matthew Flinders
3026:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3015:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2962:South Australia
2960:
2953:
2946:
2941:New South Wales
2939:
2934:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
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2126:
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2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
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1206:
1200:
1165:
1097:
1073:
1071:
1051:
1049:
1022:Evans, Nicholas
1014:
994:Evans, Nicholas
986:
968:Evans, Nicholas
960:
940:Evans, Nicholas
932:
882:
861:
856:
848:
844:
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832:
824:
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805:
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782:
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751:
741:
739:
735:
724:
716:
712:
705:
688:
684:
676:
669:
661:
652:
644:
640:
632:
628:
620:
616:
608:
599:
591:
587:
579:
575:
571:, pp. 8–9.
567:
563:
555:
551:
543:
532:
528:
523:
522:
506:
502:
497:
484:
418:
395:
343:
309:
303:
277:
253:
241:Bentinck Island
166:
150:
67:
61:
41:Bentinck Island
17:
12:
11:
5:
3024:
3014:
3013:
3008:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1876:Kugu Nganhcara
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1540:Kutjala/Gudjal
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1174:
1156:
1143:
1125:(4): 707–727.
1105:Pinker, Steven
1101:
1095:
1080:
1058:
1036:
1031:The Australian
1018:
1012:
990:
984:
972:Language Myths
964:
958:
936:
930:
922:The Free Press
913:
886:
880:
862:
860:
857:
855:
854:
842:
840:, p. 120.
830:
828:, p. 180.
818:
803:
801:, p. 111.
788:
786:, p. 122.
776:
764:
749:
710:
703:
682:
667:
665:, p. 173.
650:
638:
626:
614:
597:
585:
583:, p. 715.
573:
561:
549:
529:
527:
524:
521:
520:
499:
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
483:
482:Notable people
480:
478:, p. 173
472:
471:
466:
461:
448:
439:
434:
429:
424:
417:
414:
399:Norman Tindale
394:
391:
359:Dangkawaridulk
342:
339:
337:, p. 166
331:
330:
316:
308:
305:
290:Norman Tindale
276:
273:
252:
249:
165:
162:
149:
146:
141:Nicholas Evans
130:Nicholas Evans
81:member of the
63:Main article:
60:
57:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3023:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2872:Yurlayurlanya
2869:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2823:Wanggeriburra
2820:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:Kuku Nyungkal
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1820:Kokokulunggur
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1526:Goreng goreng
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1081:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
981:
977:
976:Penguin Books
973:
969:
965:
961:
955:
951:
947:
946:
941:
937:
933:
927:
923:
919:
914:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
883:
877:
873:
869:
864:
863:
851:
846:
839:
834:
827:
826:Edgerton 1992
822:
816:, p. 68.
815:
810:
808:
800:
795:
793:
785:
780:
774:, p. 41.
773:
768:
762:, p. 16.
761:
756:
754:
734:
730:
723:
722:
714:
706:
700:
696:
692:
686:
680:, p. 40.
679:
674:
672:
664:
659:
657:
655:
647:
642:
635:
630:
623:
622:McDonald 2016
618:
611:
606:
604:
602:
595:, p. 70.
594:
589:
582:
577:
570:
565:
558:
553:
546:
541:
539:
537:
535:
530:
517:
513:
509:
504:
500:
489:
486:
485:
479:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
459:
456:
452:
449:
447:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
413:
411:
407:
402:
400:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
338:
336:
328:
324:
320:
317:
314:
311:
310:
304:
301:
299:
295:
291:
286:
285:B-group blood
282:
272:
270:
269:Federal Court
266:
262:
258:
248:
246:
245:Lardil people
242:
238:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
214:
208:
206:
205:
200:, captain of
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
161:
159:
155:
145:
142:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
118:Steven Pinker
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:, completely
76:
75:agglutinating
72:
66:
56:
54:
50:
49:Allen Islands
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2335:Rungarungawa
1897:Kuku Yalanji
1848:Kokowalandja
1813:Kokobujundji
1672:
1185:
1161:
1151:
1122:
1116:
1085:
1072:. Retrieved
1066:
1050:. Retrieved
1044:
1029:
998:
971:
944:
917:
898:
894:
871:
845:
838:Tindale 1974
833:
821:
814:Memmott 2007
799:Tindale 1974
784:Tindale 1974
779:
767:
760:Saenger 2005
740:. Retrieved
720:
713:
694:
685:
663:Tindale 1974
641:
629:
617:
588:
576:
564:
559:, p. 1.
552:
547:, p. 1.
545:Saenger 2005
515:
511:
503:
476:Tindale 1974
473:
468:
463:
450:
445:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
409:
405:
403:
396:
378:
374:
370:
358:
355:Dulkawalnged
354:
344:
332:
326:
322:
319:wadubayiinda
318:
312:
302:
297:
278:
264:
261:native title
254:
251:Native title
221:
209:
204:Investigator
203:
167:
158:Allen Island
151:
138:
111:
106:
102:
98:
94:
68:
20:
18:
2797:Yirrganydji
2657:Wulgurukaba
2636:Wongkadjera
2608:Wik-Mungkan
2496:Wakka Wakka
2461:Wadjabangai
2377:Tjongkandji
2296:Quandamooka
2212:Ngulungbara
2163:Ngandangara
2072:Mayi-Kutuna
2044:Mandandanji
1925:Kungkalenja
1834:Kokonyekodi
1806:Kokobididji
1554:Gugu Rarmul
1533:Gubbi Gubbi
1358:Birri Gubba
1241:peoples in
1109:Bloom, Paul
691:Bruce Elder
593:Adamou 2015
412:(seagull).
379:ngurruwarra
255:In 1994, a
186:Makassarese
170:Arnhem Land
3000:Categories
2955:Queensland
2865:Yungkurara
2827:Kombumerri
2804:Yir-Yoront
2790:Yirandhali
2776:Yintyingka
2741:Yetimarala
2685:Yadhaykenu
2650:Woppaburra
2643:Wongkumara
2622:Winduwinda
2615:Wiknatanja
2349:Taribelang
2328:Ringaringa
2289:Punthamara
2205:Nguburinji
2177:Ngathokudi
2051:Maranganji
2016:Maithakari
1911:Kungadutji
1631:Julaolinja
1603:Injilarija
1456:Djindubari
1330:Barungguan
1302:Bakanambia
1251:Aboriginal
1243:Queensland
850:Evans 2015
772:Evans 1995
742:13 October
678:Evans 1995
634:Round 2017
610:Evans 2010
569:Evans 1995
557:Evans 1995
469:Marlanunda
444:mala/malda
371:tjilangind
335:Evans 1998
313:duljawinda
307:Some words
294:kin groups
122:Paul Bloom
37:Queensland
2899:Kaurareg‎
2831:Mununjali
2748:Yetteneru
2734:Yalarnnga
2692:Yagalingu
2580:Wikatinda
2573:Wikapatja
2566:Wikampama
2545:Warakamai
2510:Walmbaria
2503:Walangama
2475:Wakabunga
2468:Wadjalang
2412:Umpithamu
2363:Thaayorre
2247:Nyuwathai
2226:Ngurawola
2191:Ngaygungu
2128:Muluridji
2100:Mimungkum
1988:Madjandji
1960:Lama Lama
1946:Kuungkari
1862:Kongabula
1750:Karingbal
1743:Karendala
1701:Kalkadoon
1659:Kabalbara
1638:Jupangati
1568:Gumakudin
1435:Djagaraga
1407:Bwgcolman
1400:Butchulla
1386:Bugulmara
1379:Biyaygiri
1074:17 August
1052:17 August
526:Citations
490:, artist.
427:Gaiardilt
393:Mythology
383:peneplain
363:casuarina
217:lime kiln
207:in 1802.
126:Aristotle
79:suffixing
2976:Victoria
2969:Tasmania
2835:Tulgigin
2819:Gugingin
2811:Yugambeh
2678:Wuthathi
2594:Wikianji
2552:Warrongo
2524:Wanamara
2517:Waluwara
2426:Unduyamo
2370:Thereila
2302:Hordes:
2275:Pitapita
2240:Nyawagyi
2219:Ngundjan
2198:Nggamadi
2156:Ngajanji
2079:Mbabaram
2037:Manbarra
2023:Malintji
2009:Maikulan
1995:Maiawali
1918:Kunggara
1904:Kulumali
1855:Kokowara
1841:Kokopera
1827:Kokomini
1799:Kokangol
1792:Koinjmal
1764:Kaurareg
1757:Karuwali
1708:Kambuwal
1694:Kalibamu
1673:Kaiadilt
1666:Kaiabara
1624:Jarowair
1512:Girramay
1442:Djakunda
1421:Darumbal
1344:Bigambul
1323:Baruŋgam
1288:Ayapathu
1281:Ayabakan
1274:Atjinuri
1260:Ankamuti
1180:(1974).
1111:(1990).
1046:ABC News
996:(2010).
942:(1995).
901:: 1–46.
733:Archived
693:(1998).
474:Source:
446:, 'sea')
432:Gajadild
375:kulpanda
367:pandanus
347:laterite
333:Source:
228:cyclonic
190:tamarind
182:Buginese
91:ergative
59:Language
21:Kaiadilt
2906:Mabuiag
2858:Yukulta
2851:Yuibera
2817:Clans:
2727:Yanggal
2699:Yambina
2671:Wulpura
2601:Wikmean
2538:Wanjuru
2482:Wakaman
2419:Undanbi
2398:Turrbal
2342:Tagalag
2321:Rakkaia
2312:Goenpul
2308:Nunukul
2282:Pontunj
2268:Pakadji
2149:Mutumui
2135:Muragan
2065:Marulta
2058:Marrago
2002:Maijabi
1883:Kukatja
1771:Kawadji
1736:Kareldi
1729:Karanja
1715:Kangulu
1652:Kaantju
1610:Injinoo
1596:Iningai
1561:Gulngai
1491:Geynyon
1463:Dyirbal
1449:Djankun
1393:Buluwai
1295:Badjiri
1139:6167614
859:Sources
727:(PhD).
458:toponym
437:Kaiadil
410:Kaarrku
298:dolnoro
239:facing
237:humpies
164:History
148:Country
103:yardild
87:Yukulta
31:in the
27:of the
23:are an
2913:Meriam
2844:Yugara
2783:Yinwum
2755:Yidiny
2720:Yangga
2664:Wulili
2587:Wikepa
2531:Wangan
2489:Wakara
2447:Waanyi
2433:Unjadi
2405:Umpila
2356:Tepiti
2254:Olkola
2114:Mitaka
2093:Mbewum
1981:Lotiga
1974:Lardil
1967:Lanima
1939:Kutjal
1722:Kanolu
1687:Kalali
1505:Giabal
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1351:Bindal
1309:Barada
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2762:Yilba
2713:Yanga
2706:Yanda
2454:Wadja
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2304:Ngugi
2261:Otati
2233:Nguri
2184:Ngaun
2170:Ngaro
2142:Murri
2121:Miyan
2086:Mbara
1932:Kunja
1869:Kooma
1785:Koamu
1680:Kairi
1519:Goeng
1470:Djiru
1414:Dalla
1337:Bidia
1316:Barna
1267:Araba
1166:(PDF)
1135:S2CID
736:(PDF)
725:(PDF)
516:rhema
512:onoma
495:Notes
178:Malay
154:reefs
134:tense
2892:Badu
2629:Wiri
2384:Totj
2030:Mamu
1953:Laia
1645:Juru
1617:Ithu
1194:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1076:2017
1054:2017
1008:ISBN
980:ISBN
954:ISBN
926:ISBN
876:ISBN
744:2020
699:ISBN
365:and
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202:HMS
194:teak
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