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1966:(UXO)" and the environmental restoration of the island, to provide "meaningful safe use of the island for appropriate cultural, historical, archaeological, and educational purposes, as determined by the State of Hawaii." In turn, the Legislature of Hawaii created the Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission to exercise policy and management oversight of the Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve. As directed by Title X and in accordance with a required memorandum of understanding between the U.S. Navy and the state of Hawaii, the Navy transferred the title to the land of Kahoʻolawe to the state of Hawaii on May 9, 1994.
451:
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1943:
62:
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2010:
47:
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1853:
1904:, detonating them to break the hardpan so that seedling trees could be planted. Used car tires were taken to Kahoʻolawe and placed in miles of deep gullies to slow the washing of red soil from the barren uplands to the surrounding shores. Ordnance and scrap metal was picked up by hand and then transported by large trucks to a collection site. It is also on the
1763:
for the "first landing" began in
Waikapu, on Maui, on January 5, 1976. Over 50 people from across the Hawaiian islands, including a range of cultural leaders, gathered on Maui with the goal of "invading" Kahoʻolawe on January 6, 1976. The date was selected because of its association with the United States' bicentennial anniversary.
1969:
As required by Title X, the U.S. Navy retained access control to the island until the clearance and environmental restoration projects were completed, or until
November 11, 2003, whichever came first. The state agreed to prepare a use plan for Kahoʻolawe and the Navy agreed to develop a cleanup plan
1762:
The effort to regain Kaho‘olawe from the U.S. Navy began as a new wave of political awareness and activism was inspired within the
Hawaiian community. Charles Maxwell and other community leaders began to plan a coordinated effort to land on the island, which was still under Navy control. The effort
1977:
From 1998 to 2003, the U.S. Navy executed a large-scale, but limited, removal of unexploded ordnance and other environmental hazards from Kahoʻolawe. Since the clearance did not completely remove all the hazardous and dangerous materials from the island, a residual level of danger remains. The
1783:
tribe of
Washington State). On the way back to Maui, George Helm and Kimo Mitchell ran into severe weather and were unable to reach land. Despite extensive rescue and recovery efforts, they were never recovered. Ritte became a leader in the Hawaiian community, coordinating community efforts
1973:
In July 1997, the Navy awarded a contract to the
Parsons/UXB Joint Venture to clear unexploded ordnance from the island to the extent funds were provided by Congress. After the state and public review of the Navy cleanup plan, Parsons/UXB began their work on the island in November 1998.
2002:, consisting of "the entire island and its surrounding ocean waters in a two mile (three km) radius from the shore". By state law, Kahoʻolawe and its waters can be used only for Native Hawaiian cultural, spiritual, and subsistence purposes; fishing;
1557:
and livestock removal program. This program failed, and leases again became available. In 1918, the rancher Angus MacPhee of
Wyoming, with the help of the landowner Harry Baldwin of Maui, leased the island for 21 years, intending to build a
1978:
Kahoʻolawe Island
Reserve Commission developed a plan to manage the residual risk to reserve users and to carry out a safety program, and to establish stewardship organizations to work in conjunction with the commission.
1582:
Operation "Sailor Hat", 1965, the detonation of the 500-ton TNT explosive charge for test shot "Bravo", first of a series of three test explosions on the southwestern tip of Kahoʻolawe Island, Hawaii, February 6,
5455:
1485:
sometime around 1830. Food and water were scarce, some prisoners reportedly starved, and some of them swam across the channel to Maui to find food. The law making the island a penal colony was repealed in 1853.
1175:
probably limited the population to a few hundred people. As many as 120 people might have once lived at
Hakioawa, the largest settlement, which was located at the northeastern end of the island—facing Maui.
1766:
As the group headed towards the island, they were intercepted by military craft. One boat, occupied by the so-called "Kahoʻolawe Nine", continued and successfully landed on the island. This group comprised
1751:
to stop the Navy's use of Kahoʻolawe for bombardment training, to require compliance with a number of new environmental laws and to ensure protection of cultural resources on the island. In 1977, the
504:
is located in the eastern part of the island. The last confirmed volcanic activity on the island occurred about one million years ago, though eruptions could have occurred about 10,000 years ago.
4597:
1562:
ranch there. By 1932, the ranching operation was enjoying moderate success. After heavy rains, native grasses and flowering plants would sprout, but droughts always returned. In 1941, MacPhee
4714:
1517:
ventures. Some of these proved to be more successful than others, but the lack of freshwater was an unrelenting hindrance. Through the next 80 years, the landscape changed dramatically, with
4735:
4681:
1896:
was noted to contain 544 recorded archaeological or historic sites and over 2,000 individual features. As part of the soil conservation efforts, Mike Ruppe, an Army
Specialist on loan from
1688:
to determine the blast resistance of ships. Three onshore tests on the eastern shore of Kahoʻolawe near
Smuggler Cove subjected the island and a target ship to massive explosions, with 500
5485:
1614:
and soldiers struggled to get ashore. Thousands of soldiers, sailors, Marines, airmen, and coastguardsmen prepared on Kahoʻolawe for the brutal and costly assaults on islands such as the
3024:
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365:. The island is 11 mi (18 km) long by 6.0 mi (9.7 km) wide, with a total land area of 44.97 sq mi (116.47 km). Its highest point is the
4706:
1986:
In 2020, a wildfire burned more than 30% of the island. Firefighters abandoned suppression efforts on the first day of the fire due to fears about unexploded ordnance.
4696:
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2069:
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1649:, convoys, and troop staging areas. Mock-ups of airfields, military camps, and vehicles were constructed on Kahoʻolawe, and while pilots were preparing for war at
376:
Kahoʻolawe is relatively dry, with an average annual rainfall of less than 26 in (66 cm) resulting from a combination of being too low to generate much
4783:
4773:
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3413:
4719:
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1160:, or drawings, into the flat surfaces of rocks; these indicators of an earlier time can still be found on Kahoʻolawe. The island itself is venerated as a
4874:
4649:
4639:
1930:
for Fiscal Year 1991 established the Kahoʻolawe Island Conveyance Commission to recommend terms and conditions for the conveyance of Kahoʻolawe from the
1708:
was damaged, but she was not sunk. The blasts created a crater on the island known as "Sailor Man's Cap" and are speculated to have cracked the island's
3394:
PBR HAWAʻI: PALAPALA HOʻONOHONOHO MOKUʻAINA O KAHOʻOLAWE, KAHOʻOLAWE USE PLAN, prepared for KAHOʻOLAWE ISLAND RESERVE COMMISSION, STATE OF HAWAIʻI, 1995
2037:. In some areas, non-native plants will temporarily stabilize soils before planting of permanent native species. Species used for revegetation include
1458:
From 1778 to the early 19th century, observers on passing ships reported that Kahoʻolawe was uninhabited and barren, destitute of both water and wood.
1427:
2134:
In July 2015, a Business Plan for the Restoration of Hawaiian Bird Life and Native Ecosystems on Kaho‘olawe was proposed in partnership with KIRC,
3613:
Kaho'olawe Island: Restoring a Cultural Treasure. Final Report of the Kaho'olawe Island Conveyance Commission to the Congress of the United States
5460:
1606:
was believed to be critical, since the United States was executing a new type of war in the Pacific Islands. Their success depended on accurate
5435:
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3691:
2164:). The document investigates and addresses the biological, cultural, financial, and regulatory implications associated with the eradication.
4755:
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3186:
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An Account of the Polynesian Race: Its Origins and Migrations, and the Ancient History of the Hawaiian People to the Times of Kamehameha I
5495:
5047:
4793:
5450:
3350:
3039:
1578:
1101:, and small, temporary fishing communities were established along the coast. Some inland areas were cultivated. Puʻu Moiwi, a remnant
5425:
3376:
Scott Broadbent: Kaho‘olawe Uncovered. Part one in a series about Maui County’s most mysterious isle. Maui Weekly, November 11, 2010
5445:
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2507:
1615:
95:
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3375:
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1889:
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ended live-fire training exercises on Kahoʻolawe in 1990, and the whole island was transferred to the jurisdiction of the
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4310:
2906:
1924:
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throughout Hawaii, and it used Kahoʻolawe as a place to train American soldiers and Marines headed west to engage in the
1489:
A survey of Kahoʻolawe in 1857 reported about 50 residents here, about 5,000 acres (2,000 ha) of land covered with
5430:
4879:
3636:
3092:
U. S. Navy, “Kaho`olawe Island Reserve UXO Clearance Project Cleanup Plan” 64.78.11.86/uxofiles/enclosures/kahclear.pdf
1619:
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including for water rights, opposition to land development, and the protection of marine animals and ocean resources.
5339:
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2130:
Irrigation tubing running atop the red soil of Kahoʻolawe as a crew works to plant new life in the hard-packed ground
340:
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converge on the crater rim of Lua Makika, but do not include it. The crater area of Lua Makika is not considered an
4856:
4826:
4408:
4028:
3582:
Sano, H; Sherrod, D; Tagami, T (2006). "Youngest volcanism about 1 million years ago at Kahoolawe Island, Hawaii".
2431:
1137:
1845:
517:
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1650:
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1917:
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1657:, they practiced spotting and hitting the mock-ups at Kahoʻolawe. Similar training took place throughout the
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1970:
based on that use plan and to implement that plan to the extent Congress provided funds for that purpose.
1775:, Gail Kawaipuna Prejean, Stephen K. Morse, Kimo Aluli, Ellen Miles, Ian Lind, and Karla Villalba (of the
454:
The gently sloping flanks of Kahoʻolawe shield volcano (viewed from Makena on the neighboring island Maui)
5490:
4534:
4021:
3970:
3777:
2839:
1401:
3611:
Tavares, Hannibal M.; Noa Emmett Aluli; A. Frenchy DeSoto; James A. Kelly; H. Howard Stephenson (1993).
2838:
Merlin, Mark D.; James O. Juvik (1992). Charles P. Stone; Clifford W. Smith; J. Timothy Tunison (eds.).
5415:
5275:
4966:
4946:
4428:
4418:
4413:
3465:
2950:
2814:
2146:, and USFWS. The plan outlines the restoration of Kaho‘olawe Island through the removal of feral cats (
2085:
1611:
438:
to restore and to oversee the island and its surrounding waters. Today Kahoʻolawe can be used only for
419:
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4921:
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4219:
4067:
2143:
2003:
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1337:
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1311:
1298:
1285:
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17:
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1513:, and scrub trees grew. Beginning in 1858, the Hawaiian government leased Kahoʻolawe to a series of
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431:
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allowed the Navy's use of this island to continue, but the Court directed the Navy to prepare an
135:
1426:(chiefs) laid waste to the land and led to a decline in the population. During the 18th century
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1570:. Later that year, because of continuing drought, MacPhee removed his cattle from the island.
1435:
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5002:
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4624:
4255:
3993:
3872:
3742:
3076:
2976:
2075:
1607:
1510:
198:
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3249:
3025:"40 years after men's disappearance at sea, their vision for Kahoolawe has become a reality"
2891:
5329:
5319:
5298:
4956:
4819:
4187:
4182:
4000:
3591:
3250:"A Business Plan for Restoration of Hawaiian Bird Life and Native Ecosystems on Kaho'olawe"
2858:
2471:
2441:
2056:
1697:
1685:
1678:
3924:
1431:
8:
5344:
5303:
5235:
4433:
4167:
3909:
3701:
2135:
2029:, and gradually replace alien plants with native species. Plans will include methods for
1963:
1958:, directing that the U.S. government convey Kahoʻolawe and its surrounding waters to the
1546:
1409:
83:
3949:
3595:
3128:
2666:
2444:- a smaller island that was also the site of US Navy bombings and protests against them.
2021:
to manage the reserve. The restoration of Kahoʻolawe will require a strategy to control
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4204:
3934:
3817:
3807:
3802:
3772:
3747:
3044:
1955:
1927:
1897:
1633:
Military and naval training on Kahoʻolawe continued following World War II. During the
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61:
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1872:
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4124:
3929:
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3570:
3562:
3548:
3507:
3488:
3469:
3344:
2982:
2818:
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2503:
1942:
1920:
1733:
1638:
1153:
521:
513:
279:
4345:
3631:
3157:
2760:
369:
of Lua Makika, at the summit of Puʻu Moaulanui, about 1,477 feet (450 m) above
5324:
5182:
5099:
5054:
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4889:
4390:
4370:
4340:
4335:
4325:
4275:
4057:
4013:
3944:
3862:
3837:
3787:
3599:
3530:
2452:
2043:
1724:
1642:
1470:
1447:
439:
358:
290:
243:
141:
4214:
3296:
2885:
1954:
of Hawaii sponsored Title X of the Fiscal Year 1994 for the Department of Defense
1156:
ceremonies, set rocks upright as shrines for successful fishing trips, and carved
5265:
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5240:
5230:
5107:
5079:
5017:
4931:
4906:
4812:
4554:
4355:
4330:
4320:
4082:
3964:
3887:
3877:
3852:
3822:
3812:
3797:
3767:
3762:
3723:
3382:
2808:
2738:
2497:
2119:
1776:
1439:
486:
366:
67:
51:
2781:
4549:
4463:
4385:
4380:
4365:
4350:
4044:
3959:
3939:
3882:
3847:
3832:
3827:
3652:
3646:
3187:"Day 7: Fire Burns 9,000 Acres on Kaho'olawe, More Than 30% of Island Scorched"
2689:
Sherrod, David R.; Sinton, John M.; Watkins, Sarah E.; Brunt, Kelly M. (2007).
2665:
Sherrod, David R.; Sinton, John M.; Watkins, Sarah E.; Brunt, Kelly M. (2007).
2423:
2154:
2034:
1689:
1674:
1550:
1474:
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before splitting off about 300,000 years ago. Most of the island is covered by
479:
4453:
4091:
1442:, raided and pillaged Kahoʻolawe in an unsuccessful attempt to take Maui from
442:
cultural, spiritual, and subsistence purposes. It has no permanent residents.
5409:
5391:
5378:
5363:
5255:
5250:
4564:
4524:
4375:
4224:
4095:
3919:
3782:
3211:
2841:
Alien Plant Invasions in Native Ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and Research
2522:
2447:
2192:
are listed below, in counterclockwise sequence, and original area figures in
2126:
1951:
1627:
1603:
1002:
450:
415:
263:
110:
97:
5032:
3407:"Report to the Twenty-Fifth Legislature, 2009 Regular Session, Final Report"
3002:
2807:
McGregor, Davianna (2007). "Chapter 6 - Kaho'olawe: Rebirth of the Sacred".
2782:
Macdonald, Gordon Andrew; Agatin Townsend Abbott; Frank L. Peterson (1983).
2006:; historic preservation; and education. All commercial uses are prohibited.
5220:
4544:
4285:
4177:
3857:
3792:
3752:
3574:
2160:
2109:
2066:
1768:
1554:
1482:
1405:
411:
406:
Historically, Kahoʻolawe was always sparsely populated, due to its lack of
4901:
4484:
4162:
2496:
Shearer, Barbara Smith (2002). "Chapter 6 - State and Territory Flowers".
460:
389:
4529:
4209:
3984:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
3716:
2053:
2026:
1780:
1772:
1713:
1662:
1599:
1595:
1526:
1522:
1466:
1443:
1172:
1149:
1102:
1098:
483:
407:
385:
381:
5456:
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hawaii
4539:
4114:
4077:
3559:
Na Manaʻo Aloha o Kahoʻolawe: Hawaiʻi Warriors Love for Land and Culture
3521:
MacDonald, Peter (1972). "Fixed in Time: A Brief History of Kahoolawe".
2713:
2173:
1171:
While it is not known how many people inhabited Kahoʻolawe, the lack of
5172:
5037:
4605:
4360:
4265:
3566:
2009:
1962:. Title X also established the objective of a "clearance or removal of
1634:
1623:
1157:
1117:
4087:
3534:
46:
5187:
5112:
4458:
4280:
4130:
4119:
4109:
4103:
3482:
2148:
1901:
1646:
1502:
1494:
1141:
469:
397:
377:
370:
255:
4144:
2926:"Lessons from the World War II Bombings of the Island of Kahoʻolawe"
2437:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii - Kahoʻolawe
1888:
On March 18, 1981, the entire island of Kahoʻolawe was added to the
5225:
4846:
1729:
1658:
1422:
1145:
490:
361:. Unpopulated, it lies about seven miles (11 km) southwest of
4804:
2668:
Geologic Map of the State of Hawai'i, Sheet 6—Island of Kaho'olawe
2375:
Topographical map of Kahoʻolawe with traditional ʻili subdivisions
5132:
4172:
3443:
3066:
2417:
2022:
1709:
1705:
1534:
1530:
1518:
1498:
1165:
501:
400:
393:
354:
3102:
414:
and the following decades, it was used as a training ground and
5177:
5137:
4836:
4270:
4193:
3626:
1995:
1959:
1559:
1389:
U.S. Decennial Census; 1832, 1836, & 1866 Hawaiian Censuses
1133:
1113:
1109:
1106:
494:
427:
3897:
3647:
Kahoʻolawe Aloha ʻĀina (1992) - a documentary about the island
2398:
According to other sources, the island was subdivided into 16
1759:
and to complete an inventory of historic sites on the island.
5197:
5122:
5117:
4295:
4151:
4137:
3504:
Kaho'olawe Na Leo O Kanaloa: Chants and Stories of Kaho'olawe
1666:
1563:
1514:
1506:
1490:
317:
296:
3483:
Juvik, Sonia P.; James O. Juvik; Thomas R. Paradise (1998).
3404:
3129:"Navy Concludes Operations on Hawaiian Island of Kaho'olawe"
1719:
5486:
National Register of Historic Places in Maui County, Hawaii
5142:
5127:
4199:
4157:
2699:
2675:
2216:
2193:
1787:
1737:
1654:
1125:
497:
465:
388:
of eastern Maui's 10,023-foot-high (3,055 m) volcano,
362:
332:
323:
308:
305:
3462:
The Island Edge of America: A Political History of Hawai'i
2499:
State Names, Seals, Flags, and Symbols: a Historical Guide
3297:"Native Hawaiian Land Division - Haleakalā National Park"
2688:
2664:
2030:
1693:
1097:
Sometime around the year 1000, Kahoʻolawe was settled by
1923:
ordered an end to live-fire training on the island. The
2786:(2 ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 401.
3364:
Kaho`olawe Island Reserve Commission: Volunteer Packet
2502:(3 ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 99.
3167:. Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission. April 7, 2009
2600:
Hawaii's Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy
341:
320:
299:
293:
4043:
3501:
2837:
2413:
1937:
329:
314:
4640:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
3642:
Island Conservation: Kaho'olawe Restoration Project
3561:. Honolulu, HI, USA: Aloha 'Aina o na Kupuna, Inc.
2682:
2464:
403:soil, largely on exposed surfaces near the summit.
311:
302:
3405:Aha Kiole Advisory Committee (December 29, 2008).
1144:and trees when inhabitants cleared vegetation for
3581:
3133:From Commander, Navy Region Hawaii Public Affairs
2763:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
5407:
3556:
3529:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 69–90.
3275:"Path to Recovery Charted for Kahoʻolawe Island"
3165:Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve USGS Open File Reports
2602:. Hawaii Division of Land and Natural Resources.
1610:that suppressed or destroyed enemy positions as
2658:
2653:Block Group 9, Census Tract 303.02, Maui County
1900:, plus other military personnel, laid lines of
392:. More than one quarter of Kahoʻolawe has been
3584:Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
3223:Enomoto, Kekoa Catherine (February 17, 2008).
3152:
3150:
2383:The boundaries of all but the two westernmost
1753:U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii
1553:in the hope of restoring the island through a
4820:
4591:
4029:
3685:
3088:
3086:
2974:
2188:that were later combined to eight. The eight
1696:detonated on the island near the target ship
3700:Islands, municipalities, and communities of
3557:Ritte, Jr., Walter; Sawyer, Richard (1978).
3107:Hawai'i State Historic Preservation Division
2968:
2616:Schmitt, Robert C.; Silva, Carol L. (1984).
2615:
1989:
1911:
4794:National Register of Historic Places Portal
3590:(1–2). PacificBasin Communications: 91–96.
3446:, Kohemalamalama, Hineli'i, and Kahiki Moe.
3147:
2784:Volcanoes in the Sea: the Geology of Hawaii
2611:
2609:
2556:
2167:
4827:
4813:
4779:
4598:
4584:
4036:
4022:
3692:
3678:
3615:. Kaho'olawe Island Conveyance Commission.
3083:
2564:"Table 5.11 - Elevations of Major Summits"
2184:) of Maui, and was subdivided into twelve
1673:sites being placed across this island for
1645:played a critical role in attacking enemy
1481:with exile, and Kahoʻolawe became a men's
60:
45:
4607:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
3520:
2883:
2535:"Table 5.08 - Land Area of Islands: 2000"
1811:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
1720:Operation Protect Kahoʻolawe ʻOhana (PKO)
489:. It was once connected to the island of
3037:
2930:Penn Program in Environmental Humanities
2904:
2859:"Kahoʻolawe: Rebirth of a sacred island"
2806:
2714:"Kahoolawe Volcano, Hawaii | John Seach"
2648:
2646:
2606:
2370:
2125:
2025:, re-establish vegetation, recharge the
2008:
1941:
1803:Kahoʻolawe Island Archeological District
1788:Kahoʻolawe Island Archeological District
1723:
1577:
1105:, is the location of the second-largest
459:
449:
3459:
3442:Other nicknames include: The Island of
3222:
2495:
1684:In early 1965, the U.S. Navy conducted
14:
5461:Protected areas of Maui County, Hawaii
5408:
3901:Map of Hawaii highlighting Maui County
3541:
3502:Levin, Wayne; Roland B. Reeve (1995).
3349:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3225:"Volunteers visit regreened Kahoolawe"
3067:"National Register Information System"
2527:
2172:Traditionally, Kahoʻolawe has been an
1193:
1152:. Hawaiians built stone platforms for
278:
5436:Shield volcanoes of the United States
4808:
4579:
4017:
3673:
2890:. London: Trübner & Co. pp.
2643:
2406:, namely Kona, Ko’olau and Molokini.
1404:defines Kahoʻolawe as Block Group 9,
353:), is the smallest of the eight main
130:44.59 sq mi (115.5 km)
3627:Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission
3277:. Island Conservation. June 22, 2016
3212:Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission
3072:National Register of Historic Places
3059:
2810:Nā Kuaʻāina: Living Hawaiian Culture
2761:"NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data"
2692:Geologic Map of the State of Hawai'i
2019:Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission
1890:National Register of Historic Places
1587:On December 7, 1941, after the
1525:denuding much of the island. Strong
4834:
4741:Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places
3109:. State of Hawaii. February 1, 2022
3031:
2702: ; Open-File Report 2007-1089.
2142:, Protect Kaho‘olawe ‘Ohana, HDOA,
1906:Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places
1829:Hawaiʻi Register of Historic Places
1573:
24:
5496:Hawaii Register of Historic Places
4942:ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language)
4233:
3896:
3637:Pages of the individual eight ʻili
3419:from the original on April 5, 2018
2905:Sarhangi, Sheila (November 2006).
2739:"KAHOOLAWE 499.6, HAWAII (512558)"
1894:Kahoʻolawe Archaeological District
1852:
1188:
25:
5507:
5451:Former populated places in Hawaii
5340:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
3620:
2741:. Western Regional Climate Center
2017:The legislature also created the
1938:Transfer of title and UXO cleanup
422:. After decades of protests, the
420:Armed Forces of the United States
5426:Geography of Maui County, Hawaii
5357:
4788:
4778:
4769:
4768:
4665:
4658:
4409:1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
3632:Hawaiian Encyclopedia:Kahoʻolawe
3604:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.10.001
3542:Napier, A. Kam (November 2006).
2618:"Population Trends on Kahoolawe"
2416:
2176:of Honuaʻula, one of the twelve
1851:
1844:
1116:, and this was mined for use in
289:
4505:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
4500:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
4490:Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
3398:
3387:
3369:
3357:
3311:
3289:
3267:
3242:
3216:
3205:
3179:
3121:
3095:
3027:. The Maui News. March 5, 2017.
3017:
2995:
2943:
2917:
2898:
2877:
2851:
2831:
2800:
2775:
2753:
2731:
2706:
2033:gullies and reducing rainwater
1669:installations, gun mounts, and
1651:Barbers Point Naval Air Station
1540:
1453:
5446:Archaeological sites in Hawaii
4952:Pearl Harbor National Memorial
3552:. PacificBasin Communications.
3487:. University of Hawaii Press.
3436:
2923:
2913:. PacificBasin Communications.
2585:
2571:2004 State of Hawaii Data Book
2542:2004 State of Hawaii Data Book
2516:
2489:
1867:
1757:environmental impact statement
1592:attacked Pearl Harbor and Oahu
1136:, the land changed to an open
464:Kahoʻolawe in the foreground,
13:
1:
5441:Uninhabited islands of Hawaii
5335:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
4715:Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
3453:
3040:"Who Would Kill a Monk Seal?"
3038:Mooallem, Jon (May 8, 2013).
2981:. Lonely Planet. p. 35.
2196:, starting in the northeast:
1665:, with mock-ups of aircraft,
1602:. The use of Kahoʻolawe as a
1420:Violent wars among competing
1092:
54:satellite image of Kaho‘olawe
27:Island in Maui County, Hawaii
5471:Pleistocene shield volcanoes
4515:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
1792:United States historic place
1743:In 1976, a group called the
1616:Gilbert and Marshall Islands
1164:or body form of the sea god
532:Climate data for Kahoʻolawe
7:
4751:National Historic Landmarks
3523:Hawaiian Journal of History
3135:. U.S. Navy. April 16, 2004
2884:Fornander, Abraham (1880).
2655:United States Census Bureau
2625:Hawaiian Journal of History
2409:
2391:and does not belong to any
2339:
2325:
2311:
2297:
2283:
2269:
2255:
2241:
2227:
1728:Aerial view of Kaho‘olawe,
1716:to be lost into the ocean.
1549:designated Kahoʻolawe as a
791:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
721:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
10:
5512:
4756:National Natural Landmarks
4429:2022 eruption of Mauna Loa
4419:1984 eruption of Mauna Loa
4414:1975 eruption of Mauna Loa
3466:University of Hawaii Press
3381:November 14, 2010, at the
3103:"Historic Register Counts"
2815:University of Hawaii Press
2086:Osteomeles anthyllidifolia
1996:Hawaiian State Legislature
1925:U.S. Department of Defense
1681:to use in their training.
1566:part of the island to the
1415:
1087:
1079:
1074:
531:
507:
482:, which formed during the
445:
151:1,483 ft (452 m)
5431:Nature reserves in Hawaii
5353:
5312:
5274:
5211:
5151:
5098:
5048:Colleges and universities
4995:
4855:
4843:
4764:
4728:
4674:
4656:
4617:
4477:
4399:
4309:
4244:
4231:
4220:North Arch volcanic field
4068:South Arch volcanic field
4056:
3989:
3979:
3908:
3894:
3733:
3714:
2144:American Bird Conservancy
2004:environmental restoration
2000:Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve
1990:Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve
1912:End of live-fire training
1878:
1866:NRHP reference
1865:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1801:
1797:
1745:Protect Kahoʻolawe ʻOhana
1594:, the U.S. Army declared
1497:growth. Along the shore,
1388:
1206:—
1000:
930:
860:
790:
720:
650:
580:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
512:Kahoʻolawe experiences a
478:Kahoʻolawe is an extinct
436:Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve
254:
249:
239:
234:(No permanent population)
228:
223:
219:
211:
190:
186:
181:
177:
168:
163:
155:
147:
134:
126:
89:
79:
74:
59:
44:
39:Nickname: The Target Isle
37:
4880:Discovery and settlement
4424:2018 lower Puna eruption
3658:Global Volcanism Program
2951:"Aluli v. Brown Summary"
2458:
2168:Traditional subdivisions
1934:to the state of Hawaii.
432:Hawaii State Legislature
378:orographic precipitation
4560:Puna Geothermal Venture
4495:Haleakalā National Park
3663:Smithsonian Institution
3158:"Stewardship Agreement"
3005:. firstlandingmovie.com
2865:. Kamehameha Publishing
2573:. State of Hawaii. 2004
2544:. State of Hawaii. 2004
2402:that belonged to three
1981:
1946:Navy sign in Honokanaia
1545:From 1910 to 1918, the
1473:under the rule of King
4630:Keeper of the Register
4301:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
4238:
3902:
2975:Luci Yamamoto (2006).
2376:
2140:The Nature Conservancy
2131:
2096:Cenchrus agrimonioides
2014:
1947:
1820:U.S. Historic district
1740:
1671:surface-to-air missile
1589:Imperial Japanese Navy
1584:
1529:blew away most of the
473:
455:
380:from the northeastern
280:[kəˈhoʔoˈlɐve]
250:Additional information
148:Highest elevation
5466:Volcanoes of Maui Nui
5313:Pre-statehood history
5163:French Frigate Shoals
5003:Hawaiian architecture
4645:National Park Service
4625:Contributing property
4256:French Frigate Shoals
4237:
3900:
3460:Coffman, Tom (2003).
3077:National Park Service
2374:
2129:
2076:Achyranthes splendens
2013:Kaho'olawe vegetation
2012:
1945:
1727:
1608:naval gunfire support
1581:
1533:, leaving behind red
1461:After the arrival of
1180:Historical population
861:Mean minimum °F (°C)
651:Mean maximum °F (°C)
463:
453:
200:Heliotropium anomalum
5330:Hawaiian Renaissance
5320:Bayonet Constitution
4188:East Molokai Volcano
4183:West Molokai Volcano
4002:United States portal
3506:. ʻAi Pohaku Press.
2442:Vieques, Puerto Rico
1892:. At that time, the
1747:(PKO) filed suit in
1686:Operation Sailor Hat
1620:Marianas and Pelileu
1440:Big Island of Hawaii
1134:intermittent streams
581:Record high °F (°C)
472:surrounded in clouds
5476:Pleistocene Oceania
5421:Maui County, Hawaii
5388: /
5345:Territory of Hawaii
5213:Notable communities
4535:Mauna Loa eruptions
4434:Keanakakoi eruption
3703:Maui County, Hawaii
3596:2006JVGR..152...91S
3193:. February 28, 2020
2907:"Saving Kaho'olawe"
2432:ʻAlalakeiki Channel
2136:Island Conservation
1964:unexploded ordnance
1547:Territory of Hawaii
1410:Maui County, Hawaii
1181:
931:Record low °F (°C)
195:Hinahina kū kahakai
107: /
84:North Pacific Ocean
34:
5491:Island restoration
5392:20.550°N 156.600°W
4239:
4045:Hawaiian volcanism
3903:
3045:The New York Times
2377:
2132:
2015:
1956:appropriation bill
1948:
1928:Appropriations Act
1898:Schofield Barracks
1749:U.S. Federal Court
1741:
1600:War in the Pacific
1585:
1471:Kingdom of Hawaiʻi
1402:U.S. Census Bureau
1179:
474:
456:
156:Highest point
111:20.550°N 156.600°W
32:
5416:Islands of Hawaii
5371:
5370:
5364:Hawaii portal
4802:
4801:
4635:Historic district
4573:
4572:
4520:Kīlauea eruptions
4510:Hawaiian eruption
4439:ʻAilāʻau eruption
4400:Notable eruptions
4261:Gardner Pinnacles
4011:
4010:
3549:Honolulu Magazine
3494:978-0-8248-2125-8
3255:. KIRC. July 2015
3079:. April 15, 2008.
2988:978-1-74059-096-9
2924:Ho, Doulton-Lee.
2911:Honolulu Magazine
2824:978-0-8248-2946-9
2793:978-0-8248-0832-7
2509:978-0-313-31534-3
2381:
2380:
2367:
2366:
1950:In 1993, Senator
1921:George H. W. Bush
1886:
1885:
1643:aircraft carriers
1521:and uncontrolled
1493:, and a patch of
1398:
1397:
1132:environment with
1084:
1083:
514:semi-arid climate
384:and lying in the
350:-weh, -veh
283:), anglicized as
272:
271:
215:ʻĀhinahina (gray)
16:(Redirected from
5503:
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5397:20.550; -156.600
5393:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5362:
5361:
5360:
5325:Hawaiian Kingdom
5203:Pearl and Hermes
4937:Native Hawaiians
4829:
4822:
4815:
4806:
4805:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4772:
4771:
4669:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4276:Lisianski Island
4236:
4073:Kamaʻehuakanaloa
4038:
4031:
4024:
4015:
4014:
4003:
3996:
3899:
3843:Napili-Honokowai
3726:
3719:
3709:
3704:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3616:
3607:
3578:
3553:
3538:
3517:
3498:
3479:
3447:
3440:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3331:on June 17, 2012
3330:
3324:. Archived from
3323:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3220:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3162:
3154:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2673:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2568:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2539:
2531:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2468:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2044:Dodonaea viscosa
1998:established the
1869:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1795:
1794:
1771:, Emmett Aluli,
1692:of conventional
1574:Training grounds
1195:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1128:). Originally a
529:
528:
434:established the
359:Hawaiian Islands
349:
345:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
326:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
295:
282:
122:
121:
119:
118:
117:
116:20.550; -156.600
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
66:Location in the
64:
49:
35:
31:
21:
5511:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5481:Cenozoic Hawaii
5406:
5405:
5396:
5394:
5390:
5387:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5367:
5358:
5356:
5349:
5308:
5270:
5207:
5154:
5147:
5094:
4991:
4907:Hawaiianization
4851:
4839:
4833:
4803:
4798:
4760:
4724:
4675:Lists by island
4670:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4613:
4604:
4574:
4569:
4540:Pāhoehoe (lava)
4473:
4449:Kīlauea Caldera
4401:
4395:
4312:
4305:
4247:
4240:
4234:
4229:
4059:
4052:
4042:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3994:
3985:
3975:
3911:
3904:
3892:
3729:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3651:
3623:
3544:"On Kahoʻolawe"
3514:
3495:
3485:Atlas of Hawaii
3476:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3388:
3383:Wayback Machine
3374:
3370:
3362:
3358:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3319:"Archived copy"
3317:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3233:
3231:
3221:
3217:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3036:
3032:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3008:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2922:
2918:
2903:
2899:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2825:
2817:. p. 253.
2805:
2801:
2794:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2718:volcanolive.com
2712:
2711:
2707:
2695:
2687:
2683:
2671:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2620:
2614:
2607:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2453:List of islands
2422:
2415:
2412:
2315:Kūnaka-Naʻalapa
2222:
2215:
2180:of the island (
2170:
2120:Psydrax odorata
1992:
1984:
1960:state of Hawaii
1940:
1932:U.S. government
1914:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1793:
1790:
1722:
1712:, causing some
1661:and during the
1628:Western Pacific
1576:
1543:
1456:
1428:War of Kamokuhi
1418:
1390:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
510:
476:
475:
470:Mount Haleakala
448:
440:native Hawaiian
428:state of Hawaii
357:islands of the
347:
343:
328:
292:
288:
268:
173:
142:Hawaiian Island
115:
113:
109:
106:
101:
98:
96:
94:
93:
70:
68:State of Hawaii
55:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5509:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5369:
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5015:
5013:Climate change
5010:
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4999:
4997:
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4992:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4982:Transportation
4979:
4974:
4969:
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4949:
4944:
4939:
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4929:
4927:Kūʻē Petitions
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4909:
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4650:Property types
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3987:
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3977:
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3962:
3957:
3955:Spreckelsville
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3622:
3621:External links
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3412:. p. 43.
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2955:www.hawaii.edu
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2847:. p. 602.
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2523:Dictionary.com
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2424:Islands portal
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2259:Kuheia-Kaulana
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2243:
2239:
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2155:Rattus exulans
1991:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1939:
1936:
1913:
1910:
1884:
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1882:March 18, 1981
1880:
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1702: (CL-104)
1663:War in Vietnam
1575:
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1551:forest reserve
1542:
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1475:Kamehameha III
1455:
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480:shield volcano
458:
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270:
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164:Administration
161:
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159:Puʻu Moaulanui
157:
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145:
144:
138:
132:
131:
128:
124:
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91:
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26:
9:
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2:
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5156:
5153:Northwestern
5150:
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5141:
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5119:
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4972:State symbols
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4608:
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4587:
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4566:
4565:Volcano House
4563:
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4551:
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4525:Lava fountain
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4308:
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4294:
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4291:Necker Island
4289:
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4126:
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4108:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4096:Pauahi Crater
4093:
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4079:
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3999:
3997:
3995:Hawaii portal
3992:
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3879:
3876:
3874:
3873:Waihee-Waiehu
3871:
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3743:Haiku-Pauwela
3741:
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3728:
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3720:
3713:
3708:United States
3705:
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3528:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3513:1-883528-01-1
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3475:0-8248-2662-0
3471:
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3408:
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3327:
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3251:
3245:
3230:
3229:The Maui News
3226:
3219:
3213:
3208:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3171:September 19,
3166:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3139:September 19,
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3026:
3020:
3004:
3003:"Kahoolawe 9"
2998:
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2834:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2778:
2762:
2756:
2745:September 27,
2740:
2734:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2701:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2677:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2647:
2635:September 27,
2630:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2610:
2601:
2594:
2588:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2519:
2511:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2492:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Desert island
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2100:agrimonioides
2097:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1994:In 1993, the
1987:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:Daniel Inouye
1944:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:Added to NRHP
1877:
1874:
1871:
1864:
1847:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1604:bombing range
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1479:death penalty
1477:replaced the
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1393:Manoa Library
1387:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1003:precipitation
999:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
929:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
859:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
789:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
719:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
649:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
579:
535:
530:
526:
524:
523:
519:
515:
505:
503:
499:
496:
492:
488:
485:
481:
471:
467:
462:
452:
443:
441:
437:
433:
430:in 1994. The
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:bombing range
413:
409:
404:
402:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
337:
286:
281:
276:
265:
264:Hawaiian Time
262:
261:
259:
257:
253:
248:
245:
242:
240:Ethnic groups
238:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
205:
201:
196:
193:
189:
185:
180:
176:
172:
171:United States
167:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
73:
69:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
36:
30:
19:
5373:
5355:
5100:Main islands
5065:Homelessness
5033:Demographics
4958:
4870:Constitution
4845:
4555:Pele's tears
4545:Pele (deity)
4444:Halemaʻumaʻu
4286:Midway Atoll
4192:
4178:Penguin Bank
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
3722:
3656:
3612:
3587:
3583:
3558:
3547:
3526:
3522:
3503:
3484:
3461:
3438:
3421:. Retrieved
3400:
3389:
3371:
3359:
3333:. Retrieved
3326:the original
3313:
3301:. Retrieved
3291:
3279:. Retrieved
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3244:
3234:November 29,
3232:. Retrieved
3228:
3218:
3207:
3195:. Retrieved
3190:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3164:
3137:. Retrieved
3132:
3123:
3113:February 19,
3111:. Retrieved
3106:
3097:
3070:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3043:
3033:
3019:
3007:. Retrieved
2997:
2977:
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2954:
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:
2919:
2910:
2900:
2886:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2840:
2833:
2809:
2802:
2783:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2733:
2721:. Retrieved
2717:
2708:
2691:
2684:
2667:
2660:
2633:. Retrieved
2631:. Census.gov
2628:
2624:
2599:
2593:"Kaho'olawe"
2587:
2575:. Retrieved
2570:
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2541:
2529:
2518:
2498:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:
2472:"Kahoʻolawe"
2466:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2343:(Lua Makika)
2301:Kealaikahiki
2209:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2161:Mus musculus
2159:
2158:) and mice (
2153:
2147:
2133:
2118:
2114:
2110:Acacia koaia
2108:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2067:Nototrichium
2065:
2061:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2038:
2018:
2016:
1999:
1993:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1949:
1915:
1893:
1887:
1769:Walter Ritte
1765:
1761:
1744:
1742:
1699:
1683:
1632:
1612:U.S. Marines
1586:
1555:revegetation
1544:
1541:20th century
1488:
1483:penal colony
1463:missionaries
1460:
1457:
1454:Post-contact
1448:King of Maui
1432:Kalaniʻōpuʻu
1421:
1419:
1406:Census Tract
1399:
1170:
1161:
1121:
1096:
1005:inches (mm)
520:
511:
477:
435:
412:World War II
405:
375:
284:
274:
273:
233:
224:Demographics
203:
199:
194:
170:
140:8th largest
29:
5395: /
5236:Kailua-Kona
5070:LGBT rights
4987:Unification
4885:Earthquakes
4875:Delegations
4746:Lighthouses
4729:Other lists
4550:Pele's hair
4530:Limu o Pele
4485:ʻAʻā (lava)
4454:Kīlauea Iki
4092:Kīlauea Iki
3912:communities
3718:County seat
3653:"Kahoolawe"
2723:January 13,
2149:Felis catus
2070:sandwicense
2054:Chenopodium
2027:water table
1781:Muckleshoot
1773:George Helm
1714:groundwater
1679:bombardiers
1596:martial law
1527:trade winds
1523:overgrazing
1467:New England
1444:Kahekili II
1158:petroglyphs
1150:agriculture
1118:stone tools
1103:cinder cone
1099:Polynesians
1080:Source 2:
1075:Source 1:
484:Pleistocene
468:behind it,
408:fresh water
386:rain shadow
382:trade winds
277:(Hawaiian:
114: /
90:Coordinates
5410:Categories
5261:Pearl City
5113:Kahoʻolawe
4917:Hurricanes
4902:Government
4266:Kure Atoll
4131:Kahoʻolawe
3935:Kaumalapau
3818:Mahinahina
3808:Launiupoko
3803:Lanai City
3773:Kaunakakai
3748:Haliimaile
3567:B0006Y07P8
3535:10125/6328
3454:References
2935:August 10,
2357:Kahoʻolawe
2091:kāmanomano
1902:explosives
1732:, and the
1635:Korean War
1624:New Guinea
1511:pili grass
1408:303.02 of
1173:freshwater
1130:dry forest
1093:Settlement
398:saprolitic
275:Kahoʻolawe
229:Population
33:Kaho‘olawe
5188:Maro Reef
5183:Lisianski
5043:Education
4890:Geography
4850:(capital)
4835:State of
4687:Kahoolawe
4469:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
4459:Mauna Ulu
4402:and vents
4331:Daikakuji
4313:Seamounts
4281:Maro Reef
4168:West Maui
4163:Haleakalā
4120:Mauna Kea
4110:Mauna Loa
4104:Mauna Ulu
4100:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
3980:Footnotes
3930:Kahakuloa
3925:Hoʻolehua
3868:ʻUalapuʻe
3758:Kaanapali
3299:. Nps.gov
3281:April 20,
3259:April 20,
2960:April 15,
2767:March 23,
2152:), rats (
1918:President
1916:In 1990,
1698:USS
1647:airfields
1639:warplanes
1568:U.S. Army
1564:subletted
1503:pineapple
1495:sugarcane
1154:religious
1142:grassland
500:flows. A
424:U.S. Navy
410:. During
390:Haleakalā
371:sea level
285:Kahoolawe
256:Time zone
204:argenteum
136:Area rank
75:Geography
18:Kahoolawe
5383:156°36′W
5289:Honolulu
5276:Counties
5241:Kāneʻohe
5226:Honolulu
5133:Molokaʻi
5085:Politics
5075:Folklore
5060:Gun laws
5008:Abortion
4895:Seamount
4847:Honolulu
4774:Category
4225:Waiʻanae
4205:Honolulu
4173:Molokaʻi
4115:Hualālai
4078:Māhukona
4058:Windward
4047:topics (
3950:Puʻunene
3945:Kipahulu
3863:Pukalani
3838:Maunaloa
3788:Kualapuu
3423:April 5,
3414:Archived
3379:Archived
3366:, page 4
3345:cite web
3303:June 17,
3197:March 1,
3191:Maui Now
3051:June 15,
3009:June 15,
2863:Kumukahi
2577:July 23,
2548:July 23,
2481:March 6,
2476:Kumukahi
2410:See also
2400:ahupuaʻa
2287:Honokoʻa
2231:Hakioawa
2182:mokupuni
2174:ahupuaʻa
2138:, DLNR,
2057:oahuense
2049:ʻāheahea
2039:ʻaʻaliʻi
1873:81000205
1777:Puyallup
1736:side of
1730:Molokini
1659:Cold War
1515:ranching
1391:Source:
1146:firewood
1120:such as
1001:Average
495:basaltic
491:Maui Nui
396:down to
355:volcanic
244:Hawaiian
102:156°36′W
80:Location
5380:20°33′N
5294:Kalawao
5284:Hawaiʻi
5266:Waipahu
5246:Kapolei
5231:Kahului
5168:Gardner
5155:Islands
5138:Niʻihau
5108:Hawaiʻi
5038:Economy
5028:Culture
5023:Cuisine
4996:Society
4977:Tourism
4959:Arizona
4922:Islands
4912:History
4865:Outline
4736:Bridges
4707:Molokai
4391:Yuryaku
4371:Nintoku
4341:Hancock
4336:Detroit
4326:Colahan
4311:Emperor
4246:Leeward
4215:Koʻolau
4194:Niʻihau
4088:Kīlauea
4083:Hawaiʻi
3965:Waikolu
3888:Wailuku
3878:Waikapu
3853:Olowalu
3823:Makawao
3813:Maalaea
3798:Lahaina
3768:Kapalua
3763:Kahului
3725:Wailuku
3592:Bibcode
3575:8661294
3444:Kanaloa
3335:July 7,
2363:116.46
2329:Kanapou
2115:alaheʻe
2113:), and
2031:damming
2023:erosion
1710:caprock
1706:warship
1704:. This
1700:Atlanta
1626:in the
1535:hardpan
1531:topsoil
1519:drought
1499:tobacco
1438:of the
1416:Warfare
1293:−100.0%
1166:Kanaloa
1162:kinolau
1138:savanna
1114:Hawaiʻi
1088:History
926:(15.1)
921:(17.1)
916:(17.8)
911:(19.2)
906:(19.3)
901:(19.4)
896:(19.3)
891:(18.5)
886:(17.4)
881:(16.6)
876:(15.8)
871:(15.5)
866:(16.4)
856:(19.4)
851:(19.1)
846:(19.8)
841:(20.4)
836:(20.6)
831:(20.6)
826:(20.7)
821:(19.7)
816:(19.2)
811:(18.8)
806:(18.4)
801:(18.2)
796:(18.3)
786:(24.3)
781:(23.6)
776:(24.3)
771:(25.3)
766:(25.4)
761:(25.3)
756:(25.3)
751:(24.4)
746:(24.4)
741:(23.5)
736:(23.2)
731:(23.1)
726:(23.2)
716:(28.2)
711:(26.1)
706:(26.4)
701:(27.4)
696:(27.6)
691:(27.2)
686:(26.9)
681:(25.8)
676:(26.3)
671:(25.2)
666:(25.6)
661:(25.5)
656:(25.7)
508:Climate
502:caldera
446:Geology
418:by the
401:hardpan
182:Symbols
99:20°33′N
52:Landsat
5299:Kauaʻi
5256:Līhuʻe
5193:Necker
5178:Laysan
5123:Lānaʻi
5118:Kauaʻi
5090:Sports
5055:Energy
4967:People
4857:Topics
4837:Hawaii
4711:Niihau
4682:Hawaii
4618:Topics
4611:Hawaii
4478:Topics
4356:Kimmei
4321:Abbott
4271:Laysan
4210:Kaʻena
4152:Lānaʻi
4145:Kaʻula
4138:Kauaʻi
4125:Kohala
3971:Wailua
3960:Waihee
3940:Keanae
3883:Wailea
3848:Olinda
3833:Manele
3828:Makena
3778:Keokea
3573:
3565:
3510:
3491:
3472:
2985:
2978:Kaua'i
2869:May 6,
2821:
2790:
2506:
2354:
2335:10.16
2321:38.96
2307:13.26
2279:17.61
2265:13.88
2245:Pāpākā
2105:koaiʻa
2062:kuluʻī
2035:runoff
1734:Makena
1675:pilots
1618:, the
1560:cattle
1537:dirt.
1507:gourds
1491:shrubs
1469:, the
1446:, the
1434:, the
1280:−50.0%
1267:−33.3%
1254:+50.0%
1241:−88.9%
1228:−77.5%
1110:quarry
1107:basalt
1070:(402)
537:Month
518:Köppen
394:eroded
367:crater
191:Flower
5251:Kihei
5198:Nihoa
5143:Oʻahu
5080:Media
5018:Crime
4947:Parks
4932:Music
4697:Lanai
4692:Kauai
4386:Yomei
4381:Suiko
4366:Meiji
4351:Kammu
4346:Jingū
4296:Nihoa
4248:Isles
4200:Oʻahu
4060:Isles
3920:Haiku
3910:Other
3783:Kihei
3417:(PDF)
3410:(PDF)
3329:(PDF)
3322:(PDF)
3253:(PDF)
3161:(PDF)
2894:–157.
2845:(PDF)
2696:(PDF)
2672:(PDF)
2621:(PDF)
2596:(PDF)
2567:(PDF)
2538:(PDF)
2459:Notes
2360:28776
2349:0.63
2293:6.88
2273:Ahupū
2251:5.84
2237:9.24
2217:acres
2194:acres
2098:var.
2081:ʻūlei
1667:radar
1655:Oʻahu
1641:from
1583:1965.
1465:from
1436:ruler
1423:aliʻi
1384:0.00%
1371:0.00%
1358:0.00%
1345:0.00%
1332:0.00%
1319:0.00%
1306:0.00%
1217:+0.0%
1126:adzes
1068:15.82
1065:(51)
1060:(48)
1055:(40)
1050:(28)
1045:(19)
1040:(27)
1035:(17)
1030:(24)
1025:(23)
1020:(33)
1015:(30)
1010:(62)
996:(13)
991:(16)
986:(17)
981:(18)
976:(18)
971:(18)
966:(18)
961:(18)
956:(16)
951:(16)
946:(13)
941:(14)
936:(15)
646:(34)
641:(33)
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