233:
you prepare your beer, as of old, from good malt, good cereals, and good hops, well-boiled, and that you pitch it with top-yeast, and by no means with bottom yeast." In 1676 and again in 1698, the council again tried to legislate against bottom-fermented beer by forbidding its sale within the city walls. However, by 1750, Cologne brewers were competing against bottom-fermented beers by using a hybridized brewing process, first brewing their beer using top-fermenting yeast but then aging the beer in cold cellars like bottom-fermented beer.
710:
1663:
833:
31:
225:
207:
845:
593:
Many breweries closed in the years that followed. Only six of the breweries listed are still active, Früh, Gaffel, Reissdorf (the big three), Erzquell, Päffgen and Malzmühle – after Malzmühle announced it will take over Sünner in 2022. Once-famous brands such as Dom, Küppers and Sion are now owned by
232:
Bottom-fermented beer started to appear in the
Cologne region in the early 17th century and its popularity threatened the business interest of the brewers of Cologne, who only produced top-fermented beers. In response, the town council of Cologne in 1603 forced young brewers to swear an oath "that
263:
still could not match the sales of bottom-fermented beer, but in the 1960s the style began to rise in popularity in the
Cologne beer market. From a production of only 500,000 hectolitres (430,000 US beer barrels) in 1960, Cologne's beer production peaked at 3.7 million hl
589:
Only two breweries later produce beer according to the Kölsch
Konvention, Hellers from Cologne (opened 1991) and the Bischoff-Brauerei from Brühl (opened 1961, reopened 2001). Most of the brand on the list are still available, because another brewery took over the brand.
971:
Regulation (EU) No 2325/97/EC of 27 November 1997 Supplementing the Annex to
Regulation (EC) No 1107/96 on the registration of geographical indications and designations of origin under the procedure laid down in Article 17 of Council Regulation (EEC) No
789:(PGI) in the EU. This protection is not recognized outside the jurisdiction of the EU, and many breweries outside the EU produce and market beer as "kolsch" or "kölsch" with varying degrees of authenticity.
170:
as defined by the members of the
Cologne Brewery Association (Kölner Brauerei-Verband). Kölsch is one of the most strictly defined beer styles in Germany: according to the Konvention, it is a pale, highly
264:(3.2 million US bbl) in 1980. In the 21st century, price increases and changing drinking habits caused economic hardship for many of the traditional corner bars (
1703:
1110:
267:
594:
the
Radeberger Gruppe, which no longer has a brewery in Cologne. They are contract brewed at Früh so that the beer can still be called Kölsch.
190:
with top-fermenting yeast, then conditioned at cold temperatures like a lager. This brewing process is similar to that used for Düsseldorf's
1011:
808:
242:
in 1918 to describe the beer that had been brewed by the Sünner brewery since 1906, developed from the similar but cloudier variant
1094:
1140:
80:
272:) and smaller breweries, and by 2005 output had declined to 2.4 million hl (2.0 million US bbl).
786:
604:
159:
755:("wreath"), a circular tray resembling a crown or wreath. Instead of waiting for the drinker to order a refill, the
565:
166:, indicating a beer that is made within 50 km (31 mi) of the city of Cologne and brewed according to the
735:
is traditionally served in a tall, thin, cylindrical 200-millilitre (6.8 US fl oz) glass called a
283:
to breweries in
Cologne, and outside the city, which had already acquired a valuable asset in the designation
1622:
148:
1698:
1693:
1688:
688:
175:, hoppy, bright (i.e. filtered and not cloudy) top-fermenting beer, and must be brewed according to the
152:
970:
823:
155:(specific gravity of 1.044 to 1.056). In appearance, it is bright and clear with a straw-yellow hue.
1133:
135:
62:
1019:
921:
870:
1086:
627:
714:
671:
172:
1042:
1563:
1267:
1126:
578:
257:
In 1946, many of the breweries managed to re-establish themselves. In the 1940s and 1950s,
818:(Kölsches Knupp, Kölnisches Knupp, Kuletschbier), another type of beer of Colognian origin
767:. If the drinker does not want another refill, they place the coaster on top of the empty
436:
8:
1185:
1153:
984:
654:
1437:
1372:
1180:
69:
1230:
1637:
1617:
1447:
1362:
849:
497:
279:, which set out the brewing process that had to be used, and restricted the use of
187:
91:
1071:
946:
1442:
1235:
798:
254:
Cologne had more than forty breweries; only two were left by the end of the war.
1627:
1357:
1247:
989:
709:
620:
to the United States, Russia, Korea, China and Brazil are increasing. Exported
608:
178:
163:
35:
Kölsch served in the traditional 200-millilitre (6.8 US fl oz)
1682:
1647:
1605:
1297:
1292:
1252:
1225:
1195:
101:
1662:
832:
1467:
910:. Chicago: Alumni Association of the Wahl-Henius Institute of Fermentology.
813:
251:
1667:
1600:
1570:
1558:
1541:
1536:
1497:
1407:
1304:
1190:
1102:
837:
644:
30:
1575:
1553:
1526:
1492:
1397:
1387:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1262:
1210:
1205:
1149:
449:
1531:
1504:
1487:
1474:
1457:
1429:
1309:
1215:
1200:
1175:
1118:
803:
423:
1392:
1642:
1612:
1548:
1519:
1509:
1287:
1277:
891:. Boulder, Colorado: Brewers Publications. pp. 127–128 and 136–139.
388:
224:
1632:
1402:
1282:
1170:
726:
353:
193:
144:
52:
48:
206:
1462:
1452:
1382:
1377:
1334:
1240:
1220:
718:
1580:
1514:
1412:
1349:
1324:
1314:
275:
In 1986, 24 brewers of
Cologne and vicinity agreed upon the
1367:
1257:
985:"Cologne's favorite beer, Kölsch, makes new friends abroad"
484:
140:
111:
1162:
763:
with a full one, marking a tick on the coaster under the
947:"KÖLSCH in koelsch-net.de - Alles über das Kölner Bier"
771:
and pay for the number of beers marked on the coaster.
16:
Local beer specialty that is brewed in
Cologne, Germany
1111:
Frankfurter
Allgemeine Article on the Work of a Köbes
871:"Kölsch-Konvention - Wettbewerbsregeln des Verbandes"
821:
250:(for "white" in the Kölsch dialect). By the start of
1704:
German products with protected designation of origin
630:, the current implementation of the Reinheitsgebot.
228:
10-liter barrels of Kölsch, called "Pittermännchen"
922:"Kölner Brauerei-Verband e.V.: Kölsch-Konvention"
1680:
607:(PGI), expanding this protection to the entire
964:
1134:
976:
780:
742:
736:
730:
686:
669:
652:
621:
615:
598:
420:Erzquell Brauerei Bielstein Haas & Co.
265:
258:
243:
237:
216:
210:
191:
176:
124:
1141:
1127:
1095:Website of the Deutscher Brauer-Bund e. V.
908:The Origin and History of Beer and Brewing
626:does not need to strictly comply with the
29:
1428:
982:
901:
899:
897:
741:("pole" or "rod"). The server, called a
708:
494:Monheimer Brauerei Peters & Bambeck
287:before the Convention came into force.
223:
205:
158:Since 1997, the term "Kölsch" has had a
507:Privatbrauerei Gaffel Becker & Co.
1681:
1148:
1040:
983:Bolsover, Catherine (1 October 2011).
905:
1122:
894:
134:
575:Sieg-Rheinische Germania Brauerei
236:This type of beer was first called
13:
518:Privat-Brauerei Heinrich Reißdorf
14:
1715:
1064:
787:protected geographical indication
774:
605:protected geographical indication
160:protected geographical indication
1661:
1041:Porter, Erin (6 February 2018).
843:
831:
433:Friedrich Giesler'sche Brauerei
926:www.koelner-brauerei-verband.de
1576:Steam beer / California Common
1034:
1004:
939:
914:
881:
863:
759:immediately replaces an empty
1:
856:
641:
638:
1623:Beer and breweries by region
1072:"Alles über das Kölner Bier"
398:Cölner Hofbräu P. Jos. Früh
7:
1074:(in German). Michael Berger
875:koelner-brauerei-verband.de
792:
747:, carries eleven or twelve
628:Provisional German Beer Law
540:Rheinische Bürger-Brauerei
363:Brauerei Robert Metzmacher
147:(Köln), Germany. It has an
10:
1720:
1043:"Beer of Cologne: Koelsch"
704:
306:Altstadt-Bräu Johann Sion
201:
1656:
1593:
1483:
1421:
1348:
1161:
785:is a product which has a
562:Römer-Brauerei J. Roleff
317:Bergische-Löwen-Brauerei
245:
110:
100:
90:
78:
68:
58:
44:
28:
23:
906:Arnold, John P. (1911).
374:Brauerei Zur Malzmühle
731:
529:Privat-Brauerei Sester
350:Brauerei Peter Schopen
328:Brauerei Gebr. Päffgen
1103:Brauhaustouren in Köln
1018:. 2018. Archived from
781:
743:
737:
722:
687:
672:Gaffel Becker & Co
670:
653:
622:
616:
603:became a product with
599:
339:Brauerei Gebr. Sünner
266:
259:
244:
238:
229:
221:
217:
211:
192:
177:
125:
1012:"Kölsch Beer Glasses"
889:Designing Great Beers
887:Daniels, Ray (1996).
712:
227:
209:
132:German pronunciation:
1268:Kentucky common beer
1022:on 28 September 2018
1186:Australian pale ale
689:Cölner Hofbräu Früh
385:Brauhaus zur Garde
291:
1699:German beer styles
1694:Culture in Cologne
1689:Economy of Cologne
951:www.koelsch-net.de
723:
655:Heinrich Reissdorf
459:Hubertus-Brauerei
290:
230:
222:
151:between 11 and 14
1676:
1675:
1589:
1588:
1438:American wild ale
1373:Dortmunder Export
1181:American pale ale
1087:Kölsch-Konvention
702:
701:
647:
643:Annual output in
587:
586:
277:Kölsch Konvention
168:Kölsch Konvention
162:(PGI) within the
121:
120:
70:Alcohol by volume
45:Country of origin
1711:
1666:
1665:
1638:Low-alcohol beer
1618:Barrel-aged beer
1448:Flanders red ale
1426:
1425:
1363:Australian lager
1143:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1016:Lee Valley Tools
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
980:
974:
968:
962:
961:
959:
957:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
918:
912:
911:
903:
892:
885:
879:
878:
867:
848:
847:
846:
836:
835:
827:
817:
784:
779:As noted above,
746:
740:
734:
692:
675:
658:
642:
633:
632:
625:
619:
602:
481:Kurfürsten-Bräu
446:Ganser Brauerei
292:
289:
271:
262:
249:
241:
220:
214:
197:
182:
149:original gravity
139:) is a style of
138:
133:
128:
92:Original gravity
33:
21:
20:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1668:Beer portal
1660:
1652:
1585:
1479:
1443:Berliner Weisse
1417:
1344:
1157:
1147:
1113:
1105:
1097:
1089:
1077:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1010:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
981:
977:
969:
965:
955:
953:
945:
944:
940:
930:
928:
920:
919:
915:
904:
895:
886:
882:
869:
868:
864:
859:
854:
844:
842:
830:
822:
811:
799:Beer in Germany
795:
777:
707:
551:Richmodis-Bräu
470:Küppers-Kölsch
204:
143:originating in
131:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1717:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1628:Beer sommelier
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:American lager
1354:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:India pale ale
1245:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1231:Bière de Garde
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1066:
1065:External links
1063:
1060:
1059:
1033:
1003:
990:Deutsche Welle
975:
963:
938:
913:
893:
880:
861:
860:
858:
855:
853:
852:
840:
820:
819:
806:
801:
794:
791:
776:
775:Outside the EU
773:
706:
703:
700:
699:
696:
693:
683:
682:
679:
676:
666:
665:
662:
659:
649:
648:
640:
637:
585:
584:
581:
576:
572:
571:
568:
563:
559:
558:
555:
552:
548:
547:
544:
541:
537:
536:
533:
530:
526:
525:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
508:
504:
503:
500:
495:
491:
490:
487:
482:
478:
477:
474:
471:
467:
466:
463:
460:
456:
455:
452:
447:
443:
442:
439:
434:
430:
429:
426:
421:
417:
416:
413:
410:
406:
405:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
386:
382:
381:
378:
375:
371:
370:
367:
364:
360:
359:
356:
351:
347:
346:
343:
340:
336:
335:
332:
329:
325:
324:
321:
318:
314:
313:
310:
307:
303:
302:
299:
296:
203:
200:
188:warm fermented
179:Reinheitsgebot
164:European Union
136:[kœlʃ]
119:
118:
115:
108:
107:
104:
98:
97:
94:
88:
87:
84:
76:
75:
72:
66:
65:
63:Top-fermenting
60:
56:
55:
46:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1716:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1648:Seasonal beer
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1298:Baltic porter
1296:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:Irish red ale
1251:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1226:Farmhouse ale
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1007:
992:
991:
986:
979:
973:
967:
952:
948:
942:
927:
923:
917:
909:
902:
900:
898:
890:
884:
876:
872:
866:
862:
851:
841:
839:
834:
829:
828:
825:
815:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
790:
788:
783:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
739:
733:
728:
720:
716:
711:
697:
694:
691:
690:
685:
684:
680:
677:
674:
673:
668:
667:
663:
660:
657:
656:
651:
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631:
629:
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573:
569:
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550:
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531:
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520:
517:
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512:
509:
506:
505:
501:
499:
496:
493:
492:
488:
486:
483:
480:
479:
475:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
458:
457:
453:
451:
448:
445:
444:
440:
438:
435:
432:
431:
427:
425:
422:
419:
418:
414:
411:
409:Dom-Brauerei
408:
407:
403:
400:
397:
396:
392:
390:
387:
384:
383:
379:
376:
373:
372:
368:
365:
362:
361:
357:
355:
352:
349:
348:
344:
341:
338:
337:
333:
330:
327:
326:
322:
319:
316:
315:
311:
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1422:Other styles
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1076:. Retrieved
1052:27 September
1050:. Retrieved
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1026:27 September
1024:. Retrieved
1020:the original
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639:Established
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252:World War II
235:
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215:(wreath) of
185:
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123:
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117:Usually 100%
79:Bitterness (
36:
18:
1601:Abbey beers
1571:Spruce beer
1559:Smoked beer
1537:Millet beer
1498:Banana beer
1408:Schwarzbier
1305:Pumpkin ale
1191:Barley wine
1150:Beer styles
1114:(in German)
1106:(in German)
1098:(in German)
1090:(in German)
812: [
645:hectolitres
614:Exports of
489:Kurfürsten
106:1.007–1.011
96:1.044–1.050
1683:Categories
1554:Small beer
1527:Light beer
1493:Fruit beer
1398:Pale lager
1388:Kellerbier
1340:Wheat beer
1330:Strong ale
1320:Scotch ale
1263:Grodziskie
1211:Copper ale
1206:Burton ale
1078:9 February
857:References
809:Knupp beer
717:Kölsch in
557:Richmodis
524:Reissdorf
450:Leverkusen
186:Kölsch is
173:attenuated
114:percentage
59:Yeast type
1564:Rauchbier
1532:Malt beer
1505:Hard soda
1488:Corn beer
1475:Oud bruin
1458:Framboise
1430:Sour beer
1310:Quadrupel
1216:Cream ale
1201:Brown ale
1176:Amber ale
1047:TripSavvy
996:1 October
850:Companies
804:Cream ale
721:, Germany
597:In 1997,
583:Germania
424:Bielstein
358:Severins
1643:Real ale
1613:Adjuncts
1606:Trappist
1594:See also
1549:Rye beer
1520:Podpiwek
1510:Ice beer
1288:Pale ale
1278:Mild ale
1236:Grisette
956:21 April
931:21 April
793:See also
698:440,000
681:500,000
664:650,000
636:Brewery
554:Cologne
543:Cologne
532:Cologne
521:Cologne
510:Cologne
476:Küppers
473:Cologne
465:Gereons
462:Cologne
441:Giesler
412:Cologne
401:Cologne
389:Dormagen
377:Cologne
366:Frechen
342:Cologne
334:Päffgen
331:Cologne
320:Cologne
309:Cologne
295:Brewery
74:4.4–5.2%
1633:Brewery
1403:Pilsner
1283:Old ale
1171:Altbier
972:2081/92
824:Portals
749:Stangen
727:Cologne
705:Serving
546:Bürger
535:Sester
513:Gaffel
502:Peters
498:Monheim
454:Ganser
380:Mühlen
354:Bedburg
345:Sünner
323:Gilden
202:History
194:altbier
145:Cologne
53:Germany
49:Cologne
1463:Gueuze
1453:Lambic
1393:Märzen
1383:Helles
1378:Dunkel
1335:Tripel
1293:Porter
1273:Kölsch
1241:Saison
1221:Dubbel
1196:Bitter
782:Kölsch
769:Stange
765:Stange
761:Stange
738:Stange
732:Kölsch
719:Aachen
715:Gaffel
623:Kölsch
617:Kölsch
600:Kölsch
579:Hersel
570:Römer
428:Zunft
393:Garde
301:Brand
298:Place
285:Kölsch
281:Kölsch
260:Kölsch
239:Kölsch
218:Kölsch
126:Kölsch
37:Stange
24:Kölsch
1581:Tella
1515:Kvass
1468:Kriek
1413:Zoigl
1350:Lager
1325:Stout
1315:Sahti
816:]
757:Köbes
753:Kranz
751:in a
744:Köbes
695:1904
678:1908
661:1894
566:Thorr
437:Brühl
404:Früh
369:Rats
312:Sion
212:Kranz
86:20–30
39:glass
1542:Pito
1368:Bock
1258:Gose
1154:list
1080:2014
1054:2018
1028:2018
998:2011
958:2022
933:2022
838:Beer
485:Bonn
415:Dom
246:Wieß
141:beer
112:Malt
1163:Ale
725:In
611:.
183:.
81:IBU
1685::
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1014:.
987:.
949:.
924:.
896:^
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814:de
729:,
609:EU
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