24:
261:"Racial and Ethnic Disparities" (RED) (called "Disproportionate Minority Confinement" (DMC) from 1992 to 2002, and then "Disproportionate Minority Contact" from 2002 until 2018) -- Requires states to address the issue of over-representation of youth of color in the justice system. Before 2018, the JJDPA directed states to address disparities, but provided no specifics; the 2018 reauthorization legislation provided more detailed requirements for states, including a mandate to develop and implement a data-driven "work plan with measurable objectives" to address RED.
377:. Specifically, eligible states—those that comply with the Act's terms, "establish plans for the administration of juvenile justice in their states and agree to submit annual reports to OJJDP concerning their progress in implementing the plans"—are allocated annual formula grants based on a formula determined by the state's proportion of juveniles (persons under age 18). The JJDPA provides a minimum annual allocation for states receiving funding.
303:, enacted as Title II, Subtitle B, of the 21st Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act (Pub. L. 107-273). The 2002 legislation extended the various JJDPA grant programs through fiscal year 2007 (for some programs) or fiscal year 2008 (for others). This was the last authorization in many years. Bills to reauthorize and reform the juvenile delinquency prevention programs of the JJDPA were repeatedly introduced by
246:
legislation that amended and reauthorized the JJDPA maintained the exception, but impose strict limitations on when and how it may be used, including a limit of seven days of detention under the VCO and a requirement that the court issue a specific written order for a VCO-related detention setting forth the factual basis supporting it.
245:
or adult jails. An controversial exception is the "valid court order" (VCO) exception, which permits juveniles to be detained for status offenses if they have violated a prior valid court order pertaining to the status offense. Some advocates have pressed for this exception to be repealed; the 2018
341:
and behavior"; and includes statistical-collection mandates that require OJJDP and the states to report data on "the use of restraints and isolation; youth who have other disabilities in addition to learning disabilities; status offense charges filed and youth securely confined based on status
288:
Congress reauthorized the JJDPA in 1977, 1980, 1984, and 1988. The 1980 reauthorization legislation added the "valid court order" exception to the DSO requirement and also enacted the jail removal requirement, in response to research on the negative outcomes for youth incarcerated in adult
337:, including funding for community-based prevention, intervention, and treatment programs for youth at risk of delinquency; requires states applying for federal funding to submit a three-year plan about age-appropriate treatments of adolescents in light of "scientific knowledge about
251:"Sight and Sound Separation" — Disallows contact between juvenile and adult offenders. The 2018 reauthorization and amendment legislation added a new requirement (to be phased in over three years) extending the sight-and-sound separation requirement to youth awaiting trial as adults.
289:
facilities, including high suicide rates; frequent physical, mental, and sexual assault by adult inmates and staff; inadequate educational, recreation, and vocational programming; negative labeling and self-images; and contact with serious offenders or mentally disturbed inmates.
329:(Pub. L. 115-385) was enacted in December 2018, marking the first reauthorization since 2002. addition to reauthorizing core parts of the existing JJDPA, the 2018 bill made several significant changes to juvenile justice law. A summary of the 2018 act prepared by the
285:) was the first comprehensive federal juvenile justice legislation enacted in the United States. The "DSO" and "sight and sound" protections were part of the original law in 1974.
664:
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296:(Pub. L. 93-415). The 1992 reauthorization also established new requirements for states to identify and address gender bias.
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319:
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34:
An Act to provide a comprehensive, coordinated approach to the problems of juvenile delinquency, and for other purposes.
771:"Key Amendments to the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act Made by the Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018"
797:
496:
857:
409:
142:
256:"Jail Removal" — Prohibits placement of youth in adult jails and lockups, except under very limited circumstances.
624:, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice (last updated November 2014).
94:
86:
338:
617:
318:, but did not receive floor votes in the Senate. After the authorization expired, Congress continued to make
733:
571:
237:"Deinstitutionalization/Deincarceration of Status Offenders" (DSO) — Generally prohibits the detention of
56:
606:
Questions and
Answers Concerning Proposed Amendment on Removal of Juveniles From Adult Jails and Lockups
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330:
210:
634:
Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act of 1992: Summary of Major Provisions
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817:
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222:
218:
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to states that follow a series of federal protections on the care and treatment of youth in the
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592:
665:"Bipartisan Juvenile Justice Bill Would Phase Out Valid Court Order, Demand Data on Isolation"
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380:
As of 2018, 47 of the 50 states participate in the act; the three nonparticipating states are
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reports related to youth entering the juvenile system." A separate criminal justice bill, the
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23:
359:
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8:
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as the "lead agency for juvenile justice" to supervise the implementation of the JJDPA.
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as the
Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act on July 31, 1974 (329-20) with amendment
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315:
242:
233:
The JJDPA, as amended, contains four "core protections" or "core mandates" for youth:
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offenses; living arrangements of youth returning from custody; school-based offenses;
633:
530:
Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA) Formula Grant Reauthorization
343:
334:
649:. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.
292:
The "DMC" requirement was added in the JJDPA in the 1992 amendments to the Act, the
311:
79:
837:
821:
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on youth detained in federal facilities, but does not apply to state facilities.
358:, was signed into law the same day; that Act significantly restricts the use of
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and non-offenders (i.e., youth who are runaways, truants or curfew violators) in
646:
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214:
548:
757:
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H.R.6964 - Juvenile
Justice Reform Act of 2018, 115th Congress (2017-2018)
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Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention: Background and Current Issues
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for particular JJDPA grants and activities, but only on a sporadic basis.
385:
347:
177:
98:
717:
Juvenile
Justice Reauthorization Again On Brink of Passage, or Collapse
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294:
Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention Reauthorization Act of 1992
138:
828:
389:
195:
21st
Century Department of Justice Appropriations Authorization Act
734:"Senators Grassley and Whitehouse Introduce Juvenile Justice Bill"
381:
146:
39:
608:, National Criminal Justice Reference Service (May 20, 1980).
800:, Juvenile Justice Information Exchange (December 13, 2018).
365:
276:
454:
A Complete
Breakdown of America's New Juvenile Justice Law
814:
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
301:
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002
203:
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
17:
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
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Five Things to Know About the New Juvenile Justice Act
333:
noted that the act incorporates key provisions of the
775:
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
636:, Congressional Research Service (November 17, 1992).
580:
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
267:
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
798:
JJDPA Reauthorization Passes Congress After 16 Years
553:
Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach
595:, Congressional Research Service (August 11, 1992).
555:, Committee on Assessing Juvenile Justice Reform,
701:What's Actually In the JJDPA Reauthorization Bill
844:
400:also does not participate in the JJDPA program.
299:The bill was again reauthorized in 2002, as the
863:United States federal child welfare legislation
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790:
532:, Congress Research Service (March 18, 2019).
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373:that are compliant with the JJDPA receive a
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366:State participation and non-participation
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415:Youth incarceration in the United States
277:Legislative history and reauthorizations
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618:Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC)
562:
845:
591:Suzanne Cavanagh & David Teasley,
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281:Enacted in 1974, the original JJDPA (
327:Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018
271:United States Department of Justice
193:Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018
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410:American juvenile justice system
165:Senate agreed to House amendment
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829:Statute Compilations collection
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582:, U.S. Department of Justice.
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325:A re-authorization bill, the
549:Chapter 12: The Federal Role
339:adolescent brain development
155:on July 25, 1974 (88-1)
7:
853:93rd United States Congress
403:
57:93rd United States Congress
10:
879:
721:Chronicle of Social Change
705:Chronicle of Social Change
669:Chronicle of Social Change
647:"About OJJDP: Legislation"
458:Chronicle of Social Change
834:Juvenile Justice Programs
663:John Kelly (2014-12-11).
576:Statistical Briefing Book
557:National Research Council
501:Annie E. Casey Foundation
331:Annie E. Casey Foundation
211:United States federal law
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167:on August 19, 1974 (
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736:. The Sentencing Project
223:criminal justice systems
113:42 U.S.C. § 5601 et seq.
858:Juvenile justice system
265:The JJDPA created the
229:Summary of provisions
149:) on February 8, 1973
824:) as amended in the
572:JJDPA Timeline, 2013
360:solitary confinement
180:on September 7, 1974
131:United States Senate
503:(February 8, 2019).
269:(OJJDP) within the
170:(S. Rept. 93-1103))
118:Legislative history
18:
723:(October 2, 2018).
604:Charles P. Smith,
460:(January 8, 2019).
316:Sheldon Whitehouse
243:juvenile detention
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622:Literature Review
335:Youth PROMISE Act
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153:Passed the Senate
88:Statutes at Large
66:September 7, 1974
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346:in custody; and
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219:juvenile justice
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159:Passed the House
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707:(May 5, 2015).
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320:appropriations
283:Pub. L. 93-415
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105:Codification
43:(colloquial)
836:account on
386:Connecticut
348:child abuse
178:Gerald Ford
135:S. 821
847:Categories
780:2020-08-29
740:2014-12-12
674:2014-12-12
421:References
213:providing
139:Birch Bayh
127:Introduced
76:Public law
31:Long title
394:territory
71:Citations
63:Effective
404:See also
390:Nebraska
305:Senators
93:88
40:Acronyms
822:details
559:(2013).
382:Wyoming
352:neglect
209:) is a
129:in the
392:. The
388:, and
371:States
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80:93-415
207:JJDPA
95:Stat.
47:JJDPA
350:and
314:and
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