4449:
is compared also with that of human speech (lxi). The Word (Logos) is therefore the Son: much more, He alone may properly be called Son (II Apol., vi, 3); He is the monogenes, the unigenitus (Dial., cv). Elsewhere, however, Justin, like St. Paul, calls Him the eldest Son, prototokos (I Apol., xxxiii; xlvi; lxiii; Dial., lxxxiv, lxxxv, cxxv). The Word is God (I Apol., lxiii; Dial., xxxiv, xxxvi, xxxvii, lvi, lxiii, lxxvi, lxxxvi, lxxxvii, cxiii, cxv, cxxv, cxxvi, cxviii). His
Divinity, however, seems subordinate, as does the worship which is rendered to Him (I Apol., vi; cf. lxi, 13; Teder, "Justins des Märtyrers Lehre von Jesus Christus", Freiburg im Br., 1906, 103–19). The Father engendered Him by a free and voluntary act (Dial., lxi, c, cxxvii, cxxviii; cf. Teder, op. cit., 104), at the beginning of all His works (Dial., lxi, lxii, II Apol., vi, 3); in this last text certain authors thought they distinguished in the Word two states of being, one intimate, the other outspoken, but this distinction, though found in some other apologists, is in Justin very doubtful. Through the Word God has made everything (II Apol., vi; Dial., cxiv). The Word is diffused through all humanity (I Apol., vi; II, viii; xiii); it was He who appeared to the patriarchs (I Apol., lxii; lxiii; Dial., lvi, lix, lx etc.). Two influences are plainly discernible in the aforesaid body of doctrine. It is, of course, to Christian revelation that Justin owes his concept of the distinct personality of the Word, His Divinity and Incarnation; but philosophic speculation is responsible for his unfortunate concepts of the temporal and voluntary generation of the Word, and for the subordinationism of Justin's theology. It must be recognized, moreover, that the latter ideas stand out more boldly in the "Apology" than in the "Dialogue."
3192:"There existed, long before this time, certain men more ancient than all those who are esteemed philosophers, both righteous and beloved by God, who spoke by the Divine Spirit, and foretold events which would take place, and which are now taking place. They are called prophets. These alone both saw and announced the truth to men, neither reverencing nor fearing any man, not influenced by a desire for glory, but speaking those things alone which they saw and which they heard, being filled with the Holy Spirit. Their writings are still extant, and he who has read them is very much helped in his knowledge of the beginning and end of things. . . And those events which have happened, and those which are happening, compel you to assent to the utterances made by them."
2621:. 61.4 – "Unless you are reborn, you cannot enter into the kingdom of heaven."). However, Koester contends that Justin obtained this saying from a baptismal liturgy rather than a written gospel. Justin's possible knowledge of John's gospel may be suggested by verbal similarities to John 3:4 directly after the discussion about the new birth ("Now, that it is impossible for those who have once been born to enter their mother's womb is manifest to all"). Justin also uses language very similar to that of John 1:20 and 1:28. Furthermore, by employing the term "memoirs of the apostles" and distinguishing them from the writings of their "followers", Justin must have been of the belief that at least two gospels were written by actual apostles.
2181:. The fragments begin with the assertion that the truth, and God the author of truth, need no witness, but that as a concession to the weakness of men it is necessary to give arguments to convince those who gainsay it. It is then shown, after a denial of unfounded deductions, that the resurrection of the body is neither impossible nor unworthy of God, and that the evidence of prophecy is not lacking for it. Another fragment takes up the positive proof of the resurrection, adducing that of Christ and of those whom he recalled to life. In yet another fragment the resurrection is shown to be that of what has gone down, i.e., the body; the knowledge concerning it is the new doctrine, in contrast to that of the old philosophers. The doctrine
383:
5115:. 87:2 and 6. ... Finally, the heavenly voice is given by Justin in a citation of Ps. 2:7, while Mark and Matthew present a wording of the heavenly voice which is a conflation of Isa 42:1 and 44:2. Only the Western text of Luke 3:22 presents the heavenly voice in the form that must be presupposed for Justin's source. Justin cannot have been the author of this form of the heavenly voice; he had no special interest in proving the fulfillment of this scriptural text, although he is quite aware of its appearance in scripture as a word of David, i.e., a psalm that David wrote. That Justin's source already contained this form of the heavenly voice is confirmed in
1669:
5177:
Adam. He reverses the fall of Adam by conquering where Adam was conquered. He "recapitulates" in his own story the story of Adam, but with the opposite point of departure, the opposite direction and the opposite result. ... The very point of the (pseudo-)etymology given for
Satanas in this passage is to identify the Tempter addressed by Jesus in Matt 4:11 (conflated with Matt 16:23) with the serpent that tempted the first man. In this way the parallelism between the first and second Adam is made plain. Since Justin knew no Hebrew and probably no Aramaic, there is every reason to think he got this midrashic etymology from a source..."
1652:
and announced the truth to men, neither reverencing nor fearing any man, not influenced by a desire for glory, but speaking those things alone which they saw and which they heard, being filled with the Holy Spirit. Their writings are still extant, and he who has read them is very much helped in his knowledge of the beginning and end of things, and of those matters which the philosopher ought to know, provided he has believed them... But pray that, above all things, the gates of light may be opened to you; for these things cannot be perceived or understood by all, but only by the man to whom God and His Christ have imparted wisdom.
5078:. 103:5f. ... The special relevance of this passage is that it proves how deeply the recapitulation idea is integrated into Justin's inherited material. The etymology given for Satanas has a special function: It proves that the 'Satanas' encountered by Jesus in his temptation was the same as the 'serpent' encountered by Adam – Satanas means 'apostate serpent', i.e. the serpent of Gen. 3. In other words: Jesus met the same adversary as the first Adam." p. 393 – "It is interesting to notice that only two Semitic etymologies provided by Justin both refer to the temptation story: 'Satanas' and 'Israel' (
1808:
4792:. 34:2). No actual narrative material from a gospel is quoted. ... However, the quotation of the text of Micah 5:1 is not given in the text of the LXX; rather, Justin follows the form of the text quoted in Matt. 2:6. ... The form of the quotation that appears in Matt 2:6 departs considerably from both the LXX and the Hebrew text. It is, in fact, a combination of Micah 5:1 and 2 Sam 5:2; only the latter speaks of the prince's function as the Shepard of Israel. The conflated quotation was wholly the work of Matthew. There can be no question that Justin is quoting this Matthean text."
97:
5060:. 88:3 derives from the "recapitulation" source. ... Men believed that Jesus was the son of Joseph, but the heavenly voice proclaimed him as God's son. Perhaps the mention of the fire is related to this idea: It may have been conceived of as a purifying or testing fire. ... Jesus at his baptism was tested as God's son by the fire, but not made God's son at his baptism. This, I gather, is also the idea embodied in Justin's narrative: Jesus was not made or established as God's son in his baptism, but he was proved to be God's son – proved by testing, or by conquering the fire."
4852:
the work of an apologist who randomly selects pieces of various gospels and invents additional phrases for the purpose of a tight argument of literal fulfillment of scripture; nor can one solve the complex problems of Justin's quotations of gospel narrative materials by the hypothesis of a ready-made, established text of a harmonized gospel as his source. Rather, his writings permit insights into a school of scriptural exegesis in which careful comparison of written gospels with the prophecies of scripture endeavored to produce an even more comprehensive new gospel text."
1716:
Christ, and so to be saved, for that will give us salvation and firm confidence at the more terrible universal tribunal of Our Lord and
Saviour. And all the martyrs said: Do as you wish; for we are Christians, and we do not sacrifice to idols. The Prefect Rusticus read the sentence: Those who do not wish to sacrifice to the gods and to obey the emperor will be scourged and beheaded according to the laws. The holy martyrs glorifying God betook themselves to the customary place, where they were beheaded and consummated their martyrdom confessing their Saviour.
2411:
very substance of the Father," and that "through the Word, God has made everything." Justin used the metaphor of fire to describe the Logos as spreading like a flame, rather than "dividing" the substance of the Father. He also defended the Holy Spirit as a member of the
Trinity, as well as the virginal birth of Jesus Christ. The Encyclopedia states that Justin places the genesis of the Logos as a voluntary act of the Father at the beginning of creation, noting that this is an "unfortunate" conflict with later Christian teachings.
4600:(mnemoneuein/apomnemoneuein) was decisive for the trustworthiness of the oral tradition." pp. 39–40 – "The composite form of the verb "to remember" (apomnemoneuein) had been used by Papias of Hierapolis as a technical term for the transmission of oral materials about Jesus. If Justin's term "memoirs of the apostles" is derived from this usage, it designates the written gospels as the true recollections of the apostles, trustworthy and accurate, and more reliable than any oral tradition which they are destined to replace."
5303:. 76:5 leave little doubt that Justin used as a source for these passages a written harmony of Mt. 7:22f and Lk. 13:26f, and this harmonization of Matthew and Luke is further evident in several of the early fathers quoted in the texts below. ... A comparison of this harmonization of Matthew and Luke in the patristic quotations leaves little doubt that Justin used a harmony of Mt. 7:22f and Lk. 13:26f and that this harmony was known to other fathers in substantially the same form as that used by Justin (Origen
1570:
5403:. 60:9 introduced as a prophecy of Moses) ever occurred in a Bible text...it is more likely that Justin took it from the source which also provided him with the (harmonistic) 'citations' from Plato in A 60. ... In this case we have reason to suspect a tractate of some kind, which included Plato quotations as well." p. 431 – "It remains to be remarked that Justin also has made other additions from sources containing OT material, but these are strictly speaking not parts of the scriptural proof. In
350:
10048:
4741:, p. 120 – "To quote prophecy habitually without mentioning the Prophet's name would be to deprive it of half its value; and if it seem strange that Justin does not quote the Evangelists like Prophets, it is no less worthy of notice that he does quote by name the single prophetic book of the New Testament. ... This reference to the Apocalypse appears to illustrate the difference which Justin makes between his quotations from the Prophecies and the Gospels."
375:
2579:. The importance which Justin attaches to the words of the prophets, which he regularly quotes with the formula "it is written", shows his estimate of the Old Testament Scriptures. However, the scriptural authority he attributes to the "memoirs of the apostles" is less certain. Koester articulates a majority view among scholars that Justin considered the "memoirs of the apostles" to be accurate historical records but not inspired writings, whereas scholar
3278:"And this food is called among us Εὐχαριστία ... For not as common bread and common drink do we receive these; but in like manner as Jesus Christ our Saviour, having been made flesh by the Word of God, had both flesh and blood for our salvation, so likewise have we been taught that the food which is blessed by the prayer of His word, and from which our blood and flesh by transmutation are nourished, is the flesh and blood of that Jesus who was made flesh."
391:
4940:. 33:3–6, the report of the command to name the child 'Jesus' did not need to refer to the Matthean form. ... It is evident, therefore, that Justin is quoting from a harmonized gospel text... Justin's gospel text must have continued with the remainder of the Lukan pericope of the annunciation. In the introduction to the harmonization of Luke 1:31–32 and Matt 1:20–21, Justin had already alluded to the Lukan continuation of the story:
10110:
10036:
9997:
2227:
2113:
1383:
10093:
10127:
10024:
4936:. 33:5 is a harmony of two angelic announcements, the one from Matthew in which the angel calls Joseph in a dream, the other from Luke's narrative of the annunciation. While the passage begins with a sentence from Luke, 'from the Holy Spirit' is interpolated from Matt 1:20. The naming of Jesus and the reason for this name is given according to Matt 1:21. ... But in order to argue for the fulfillment of Isa 7:14 in
5923:
10076:
1773:
32:
1395:
4418:
3587:
2305:
Stoic philosophy. But he admits that Justin is a
Christian in his unquestioning adherence to the Church and its faith, his unqualified recognition of the Old Testament, and his faith in Christ as the Son of God the Creator, made manifest in the flesh, crucified, and risen, through which belief he succeeds in getting away from the dualism of both pagan and Gnostic philosophy.
1661:, whose piety convinced him of the moral and spiritual superiority of Christian doctrine. As a result, he thenceforth decided that the only option for him was to travel throughout the land, spreading the knowledge of Christianity as the "true philosophy." His conversion is commonly assumed to have taken place at Ephesus though it may have occurred anywhere on the road from
5691:
3413:"Sulieri Venakhi", I, The First and Second Apology of Saint Justin Philosopher and Martyr, translated from Old Greek into Georgian, submitted with preface and comments by a monk Ekvtime Krupitski, Tbilisi Theological Academy, Tsalka, Sameba village, Cross Monastery, "Sulieri venakhi" Publishers, Tbilisi, 2022, ISBN 978-9941-9676-1-0
2641:. 81.4 "Moreover also among us a man named John, one of the apostles of Christ, prophesied in a revelation made to him that those who have believed on our Christ will spend a thousand years in Jerusalem; and that hereafter the general and, in short, the eternal resurrection and judgment of all will likewise take place"). Scholar
3416:"Sulieri Venakhi", II, Saint Justin Martyr's dialogue with Trypho the Jew, translated from Old Greek into Georgian, submitted with preface and comments by a monk Ekvtime Krupitski, Tbilisi Theological Academy, Tsalka, Sameba village, Cross Monastery, "Sulieri venakhi" Publishers, Tbilisi, 2019, ISBN 978-9941-8-1570-6
3571:"The very thing which is now called the Christian religion existed among the ancients also, nor was it wanting from the inception of the human race until the coming of Christ in the flesh, at which point the true religion which was already in existence began to be called Christian." – St. Augustine, Retractiones
4915:. 33:1 has Mt 1:23 as its direct or indirect source. There are indications in the context which indicate that we should reckon with an intermediary source between Mt and Justin. This intermediary source may account for the deviations from Matthew's text." p. 33 – Diagram of Mt 1:23, Is 7:14 LXX, and
4614:
complete agreement with prophecy. What is demonstrated to be true is the
Christian kerygma, not the story of the gospels. The reports contained in the gospels are used to show that the facts about Christ which the kerygma proclaims happened in complete agreement with the prophecy that announced them."
5055:
pp. 197–198,391–392; p. 197 – "Justin's narrative is a harmonization of the
Synoptic accounts. There are other non-synoptic details in the context, however, which may indicate a non-synoptic source besides the Synoptic Gospels." pp. 391–392 – "I have argued above that the narrative of
4819:
p. 141 – "It must, however, be emphasized that there is absolutely no evidence that Justin ever composed a complete harmony of the synoptic gospels; his harmonies were of limited scope and were apparently composed for didactic purposes. Whether the thought of a full gospel harmony ever occurred
4613:
p. 377 – "The
Christian proclamation about Jesus as Son of God, however, is true (in contrast to pagan myths), because the Christians possess trustworthy historical documents – "remembrances of the apostles" – from which it can be shown that everything in Christ's appearance and work happened in
2975:
that as soon as Jesus came up out of the river Jordan and a voice said to him: 'You are My Son, this day I have begotten you', this Devil came and tempted him, even so far as to exclaim: 'Worship me'; but Christ replied: 'Get behind me, Satanas, the Lord your God shall you worship, and Him only shall
5176:
pp. 399–400; "In Justin's source, the
Messiah is presented as God's preexistent Wisdom who has descended to earth, and ascended again to his heavenly glory. ... Here I add another aspect of great significance in Justin's source, namely that Jesus is portrayed as the second and anti-typical
4981:
Justin is much more independent in his handling of his (kerygma) source. He has turned to the primary sources behind the testimony source, that is, he has turned to the LXX and
Matthew." p. 425 – "The prooftexts themselves were presented in a free, targumizing version of the standard LXX text,
4805:
p. 365 – "The vast majority of the sayings quoted in Justin's writings are harmonizations of the texts of Matthew and Luke. These harmonizations are not casual or accidental, but systematic and consistent, (this certainly excludes...careless quotation from memory as an explanation for Justin's
4448:
The Word is numerically distinct from the Father (Dial., cxxviii, cxxix; cf. lvi, lxii). He was born of the very substance of the Father, not that this substance was divided, but He proceeds from it as one fire does from another at which it is lit (cxxviii, lxi); this form of production (procession)
4115:
Jin Kim, Hyun, 'Justin Martyr and Tatian: Christian Reactions to Encounters with Greco-Roman Culture and Imperial Persecution', in Mu-chou Poo, H. A. Drake, and Lisa Raphals (eds), Old Society, New Belief: Religious transformation of China and Rome, ca. 1st-6th Centuries (New York, 2017; online edn,
1656:
Moved by the aged man's argument, Justin renounced both his former religious faith and his philosophical background, choosing instead to re-dedicate his life to the service of the Divine. His newfound convictions were only bolstered by the ascetic lives of the early Christians and the heroic example
4521:
100.4; 101.3; 102.5; 103.6,8; 104.1; 105.1,5,6; 106.1,3,4; 107.1 "In each instance the materials quoted derive from written gospels, usually from Matthew and Luke, in one instance from Mark, and each time the term serves to quote, or to refer to, gospel materials which demonstrate that the prophecy
3001:
of Luke 3:22. Justin's mention of the fire on the Jordan without comment suggests that he was relying on an intermediate source for these gospel quotations, and his literal interpretation of a pseudo-etymology of the Hebrew word Satan indicates a dependence on a testimony source with a knowledge of
2790:
According to Skarsaune, the harmonized gospel narratives of Matthew and Luke were part of a tradition already circulating within Justin's school that expounded on the life and work of Jesus as the Messiah and the apostolic mission. Justin then rearranged and expanded these testimonia to create his
2096:
Justin's dialogue with Trypho is unique in that he provides information on tensions between Jewish and Gentile believers in Jesus of the second century (Dial. 47:2–3) and in acknowledging the existence of a range, and a variety, of attitudes toward the beliefs and traditions of the Jewish believers
5221:
pp. 64–67; p. 66 – "the form of the saying in James is a more simple paranetic form than the text of Matthew, where each example is elaborated and where the command is not what one should do but what one should say. It, therefore, appears that the form of the saying in Jas. 5:12 is older
4851:
p. 378 – "The question is whether Justin composed these harmonizations and inserted additional phrases just for the purpose of his demonstration of scriptural proof or whether he drew on a written gospel text that was already harmonized and expanded. It seems to me that we are not witnessing
4705:
2nd ed., 1982 1st ed., p. 344 – "On the basis of the gospel quotations of the First Apology and the Dialogue with Trypho, one can conclude with great certainty that Justin also had composed a harmony of the Gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke (he did not know the Gospel of John), which is lost
4599:
pp. 33–34,38–40; pp. 33–34 – "What Papias says about Mark reflects the use of categories which are drawn from the oral tradition. ... The written gospels' authority is assured by the same technical terms which had been established for the oral tradition. ... The term "remember"
2699:
Justin occasionally uses the Gospel of Matthew directly as a source for Old Testament prophecies to supplement his testimony sources. However, the fulfillment quotations from these sources most often appear to be harmonizations of the gospels of Matthew and Luke. Koester suggests that Justin had
2410:
notes that scholars have differed on whether Justin's writings on the nature of God were meant to express his firm opinion on points of doctrine, or to speculate on these matters. Specific points Justin addressed include that the Logos is "numerically distinct from the Father" though "born of the
1794:
A case is also made that the relics of St. Justin are buried in Annapolis, Maryland. During a period of unrest in Italy, a noble family in possession of his remains sent them in 1873 to a priest in Baltimore for safekeeping. They were displayed in St. Mary's Church for a period of time before they
1651:
There existed, long before this time, certain men more ancient than all those who are esteemed philosophers, both righteous and beloved by God, who spoke by the Divine Spirit, and foretold events which would take place, and which are now taking place. They are called prophets. These alone both saw
2396:
The idea of an economy of grace, of a restoration of the union with God which had been destroyed by sin, is not foreign to him. It is noteworthy that in the "Dialogue" he no longer speaks of a "seed of the Word" in every man, and in his non-apologetic works the emphasis is laid upon the redeeming
2304:
Engelhardt has attempted to extend this line of treatment to Justin's entire theology, and to show that his conceptions of God, of free will and righteousness, of redemption, grace, and merit prove the influence of the cultivated Greek pagan world of the 2nd century, dominated by the Platonic and
5381:
p. 375 – "The catechetical character of these clusters of sayings is evident in their usage by Justin ... It is difficult to determine in each instance the degree to which Justin has supplemented and rearranged these collections. But it appears that the catechetical collections already
5037:
pp. 388–9 – "The Christology is clearly messianic in function: the 'Son of God' concept is demonstrated functionally as the Messiah being enthroned at God's right hand, ruling, and coming to judge the living and the dead, thus acting in a divine role. On the whole, this Christology is very
5146:
pp. 20–21 – "The accepted view is that Justin did not know Hebrew. There is clear-cut and overwhelming evidence for Justin's absolute reliance upon the Septuagint. The explanation for any apparent acquaintance or knowledge of Hebrew in Justin's writings should be sought elsewhere: in his
4919:. 33:1 p. 34 – "To conclude: Although Is 7:14 has its peculiar problems in Justin, ... we have found confirmation for our thesis concerning Justin and his 'testimony sources': Justin claims the text from Mt 1:23 – probably transmitted through an intermediary source – as the true LXX."
4569:
p. 67 – "Justin Martyr (writing ca. 155) described the Gospels as 'reminiscences of the apostles' (1 Apology 66.3; 67.3) and 'reminiscences of Peter' (Dialogue with Trypho 106.3). Thus Justin, like Matthew, Luke, and Papias, prefers to designate the Gospels by a recognized literary form.
1715:
The Prefect Rusticus says: Approach and sacrifice, all of you, to the gods. Justin says: No one in his right mind gives up piety for impiety. The Prefect Rusticus says: If you do not obey, you will be tortured without mercy. Justin replies: That is our desire, to be tortured for Our Lord, Jesus
5346:
pp. 367–370; p. 369 – "This section of Justin's quotation of Jesus' sayings rests on deliberate and careful composition of the parallel texts of Matthew and Luke, but is also disrupted by interpolations from different contexts." p. 370 – "Thus Justin himself did not compose this
5132:
p. 395 – "In order to prove the fulfillment of the prophecies of Isa 11:1–3 and Joel 2:28–29, Justin only had to report the coming of the spirit upon Jesus. But not only does he add the report about the heavenly voice, he also mentions 'that a fire was lit in the Jordan'. Nothing in the
2490:
66.3) makes it clear that "memoirs of the apostles" and "gospels" are equivalent, and the use of the plural indicates Justin's awareness of more than one written gospel. ("The apostles in the memoirs which have come from them, which are also called gospels, have transmitted that the Lord had
5681:
1620:. His grandfather, Bacchius, had a Greek name, while his father, Priscus, bore a Latin name, which has led to speculations that his ancestors may have settled in Neapolis soon after its establishment or that they were descended from a Roman "diplomatic" community that had been sent there.
5281:
pp. 356,365–67; p. 367 – "The method of harmonization includes two different procedures: (1) whenever the texts of Matthew and Luke are closely parallel, either the Matthean or the Lukan phrase or a conflation of both is chosen; (2) whenever the texts of Matthew and Luke differ
2196:
15:50 in a way that makes it natural to assume the existence of a treatise on the subject, to say nothing of other traces of a connection in thought both here in Irenaeus (V., ii.-xiii. 5) and in Tertullian, where it is too close to be anything but a conscious following of the Greek. The
4990:. 31–53. Here Justin is still almost entirely dependent on the received texts and the adjacent exegesis. ... Justin's main modification is a rearrangement within the series, motivated by Justin's fear that his readers might not recognize some of his prooftexts as real prophecies."
3241:"But if so great a power is shown to have followed and to be still following the dispensation of His suffering, how great shall that be which shall follow His glorious advent! For He shall come on the clouds as the Son of man, so Daniel foretold, and His angels shall come with Him. "
4837:
p. 100) collapses stage (1) and (2) of this process. He assumes that the harmonizations were made specifically for the composition of a catechism. This assumption, however, cannot explain why also the narrative materials quoted by Justin were drawn from a harmonized gospel
3474:
And the perception of immaterial things quite overpowered me, and the contemplation of ideas furnished my mind with wings, so that in a little while I supposed that I had become wise; and such was my stupidity, I expected forthwith to look upon God, for this is the end of Plato's
5899:
4877:(PJ 11:3), where much of the same combination of Matthean and Lukan elements occurs. Probably all three elements (Prophecy – Exposition – Fulfillment report) were present in Justin's source. And – as pointed out by Koester – it seems the same source is employed once more in
5895:
4347:
3380:
2328:
Opposition to Judaism was common among church leaders in his day; however, Justin Martyr was hostile towards Jewry and regarded Jews as an accursed people. His anti-Judaic polemics have been cited as an origin of Christian antisemitism. However his views elaborated in the
5368:, a catechism based primarily on the text of the Sermon on the Mount but that harmonized related material from Mark, Luke, and from other parts of Matthew, and a catechism whose tradition was of great influence in later manuscript witnesses of the synoptic gospels."
2397:
acts of the life of Christ rather than upon the demonstration of the reasonableness and moral value of Christianity, though the fragmentary character of the latter works make it difficult to determine exactly to what extent this is true and how far the teaching of
5765:
1627:, Justin describes his early education, stating that his initial studies left him unsatisfied due to their failure to provide a belief system that would afford theological and metaphysical inspiration to their young pupil. He says he tried first the school of a
4389:
2385:. However, the law, while containing commandments intended to promote the true fear of God, had other prescriptions of a purely pedagogic nature, which necessarily ceased when Christ, their end, appeared; of such temporary and merely relative regulations were
5701:
5226:. 16:5 was here based on the text of Mt. 5:34,37 that had either been harmonized in part with Jas. 5:12 or with the parenetic tradition that underlies Jas. 5:12. The evidence of several of the fathers indicates a widespread knowledge of a text similar to
1703:, he was denounced by the latter to the authorities, according to Tatian (Address to the Greeks 19) and Eusebius (HE IV 16.7–8). Justin was tried, together with six friends (two of them slaves educated by him; Euelpistus and Hierax), by the urban prefect
1646:
Some time afterwards, he chanced upon an old man, possibly a Syrian Christian, in the vicinity of the seashore, who engaged him in a dialogue about God and spoke of the testimony of the prophets as being more reliable than the reasoning of philosophers.
5073:
pp. 222–23,238,383–84,393; p. 384 – "In the temptation story, Christ as the Son of God, the second Adam, is tested. The temptation follows immediately after the heavenly voice has proclaimed 'Thou art my son...'. This is especially clear in
2645:
notes that this reference to the author of the single prophetic book of the New Testament illustrates the distinction Justin made between the role of prophecy and fulfillment quotations from the gospels, as Justin does not mention any of the individual
4316:
3055:. 17:3–4; 35:3; 51:2–3; and 76:4–7. The sayings are most often harmonizations of Matthew and Luke that appear to be grouped together topically and organized into sayings collections, including material that probably originated from an early Christian
5111:. 88, Justin twice reports the coming of the holy spirit upon Jesus at his baptism. He gives this report in order to demonstrate the fulfillment of the prophecies of Isa 11:1–3 and Joel 2:28–29 about the coming of the spirit which he had quoted in
5024:, the idea is the following: Since the prophecies covering the first coming of Christ can be shown to have been fulfilled in great detail, we may safely conclude that those prophecies which predict His glorious second coming will also be fulfilled."
3135:
16:9–13 which combines a warning against being unprepared with a warning against false prophets. The entire unit is a carefully composed harmony of parallel texts from Matthew and Luke. This unit is part of a larger collection of sayings found in
4636:
Hill (2004) pp. 345–46; p. 345 – "It is commonly held that in Rome of Justin's day even the Memoirs themselves possessed only a quite limited authority."; p. 346 – He sees in Justin "a parity of authority between these two groups of
5671:
4755:
2670:, Justin relies on two main sources for his proofs from prophecy that probably circulated as collections of scriptural testimonies within his Christian school. He refers to Justin's primary source for demonstrating scriptural proofs in the
5208:. 15–17 may have been based on a single source different from the sources underlying the rest of Justin's sayings of Jesus, and I have tried to indicate that this section has many features in common with primitive Christian catechisms."
4208:
3118:
In both cases, Justin is using the same harmonized text of Matthew and Luke, although neither of the quotations includes the entire text of those gospel passages. The last phrase, "workers of lawlessness", has an exact parallel with
3452:. ("The school was named for the early martyr and scholar who tried to reconcile the thinking of the Greek philosophers with the doctrines of Christ. Not for Prescott were the humble fishermen who had their faith and faith alone.")
5332:
pp. 98–99; p. 99 – "Therefore we can conclude with certainty that these five verses are based on a source that was a carefully composed harmony of material from Matthew and Luke and that was based on the order of Matthew
3200:"Straightway a flame was kindled in my soul; and a love of the prophets, and of those men who are friends of Christ, possessed me; and whilst revolving his words in my mind, I found this philosophy alone to be safe and profitable."
2560:(Mk 3:16–17). Therefore, according to Koester, it is likely that Justin applied the name "memoirs of the apostles" analogously to indicate the trustworthy recollections of the apostles found in the written record of the gospels.
2393:, and the laws as to food. Through Christ, the abiding law of God has been fully proclaimed. In his character, as the teacher of the new doctrine and promulgator of the new law, lies the essential nature of his redeeming work.
5267:
p. 363 – "Thus...it is not likely that Justin is quoting from the text of Matthew but from a catechism, whose text was influenced by the formulation preserved in Jas 5:12 but not necessarily dependent upon the Epistle of
5190:
p. 361 – "The most striking feature is that these sayings exhibit many harmonizations of the text of Matthew and Luke. However, the simple assumption of a harmonized gospel cannot explain all the peculiarities of the
4547:
pp. 36–37,43; pp. 36–37 – "...there is no evidence that anyone before Marcion had used the term "gospel" as a designation for a written document. ...those writings of Justin which are preserved, his two
2750:
And hear again how Isaiah in express words foretold that He should be born of a virgin; for he spoke thus: 'Behold, the virgin will conceive in the womb and bear a son, and they will say in his name, God with us' (Mt
4556:, clearly show the effects of Marcion's challenge." p. 43 – "In direct antithesis to Marcion's use of the written gospel, Justin binds these gospels to the prophetic revelation in the Old Testament scriptures."
1711:. Though the precise year of his death is uncertain, it can reasonably be dated by the prefectoral term of Rusticus (who governed from 162 and 168). The martyrdom of Justin preserves the court record of the trial.
2374:, i. 46, ii. 10). His aim was to emphasize the absolute significance of Christ, so that all that ever existed of virtue and truth may be referred to him. The old philosophers and law-givers had only a part of the
2040:
has been suggested as patron. Internal textual evidence shows that multiple older manuscripts were used to create this one, which strongly suggests that it must have originated in a major population center like
5415:. 59f he has a little tract on philosophic borrowings from Moses. One should not exclude the possibility that these two blocks of material derive from the same source, which might well be an earlier Christian
5007:(ca. 125) of which a few fragments are quoted in Clement of Alexandria. Second, it seems to have had a creed-like enumeration of Jesus' messianic career, a christological "kerygma", as its basic structure."
3140:. 15–17 that appear to have originated from a catechism used by Justin's school in Rome, which may have had a wide circulation. Justin excerpted and rearranged the catechetical sayings material to create
2312:
and on the attitude toward the milder Jewish Christianity, which he personally is willing to tolerate as long as its professors in their turn do not interfere with the liberty of the Gentile converts; his
4719:
pp. 360–361; p. 360 – "He knew and quoted especially the Gospels of Matthew and Luke; he must have known the Gospel of Mark as well, though there is only one explicit reference to this Gospel
4574:
are not carefully defined in rhetorical handbooks, they are essentially expanded chreiai, i.e., sayings and/or actions of or about specific individuals, set in a narrative framework and transmitted by
4405:
2020:
After this medieval period in which no authentic works of Justin Martyr were in widespread circulation, a single codex containing the complete works of Justin Martyr was discovered and purchased by
7984:
5566:
5522:
5511:
5500:
5489:
5478:
5467:
4627:
p. 41 – "These gospels for Justin possess the authority of written records. Although they are read in the service of the church, they are not "Holy Scripture" like the law and the prophets."
3188:
The truth of the prophets, he declares, compels assent. He considered the Old Testament an inspired guide and counselor. He was converted by a Christian philosopher whom he paraphrased as saying:
2714:. The question of whether the harmonized gospel materials found in Justin's writings came from a preexisting gospel harmony or were assembled as part of an integral process of creating scriptural
5884:
Velikov, Yuliyan. Knowledge, Reciprocity and Philosophy in the Early Church Fathers. Aristides, St. Justin Martyr (and Philosopher) and Athenagoras. (2019); ISBN 978-954-337-377-2 (in Bulgarian)
5851:
4869:. 33 contains an elaborate explanation of Is 7:14. ... One notices that the fulfillment report is stylized so as to match the prophecy perfectly. That Justin did not entirely formulate it
5364:. 15–17 a primitive Christian catechism in use in Justin's school in Rome, a catechism that was known in similar form to Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and the author of the Pseudo-Clementine
3379:, édition critique, introduction, texte grec, traduction, commentaires, appendices, indices, (Coll. Paradosis nos. 47, vol. I-II.) Editions Universitaires de Fribourg Suisse, (1125 pp.), 2003
3484:
Because of its dependence on the later work of Justin's pupil, Tatian, it is probably by another writer, dated towards the end of the second century or the beginning of the third century AD.
5282:
considerably, as in Matt 7:22 and Luke 13:26, major portions of the two texts are combined; thus, one finds Luke's 'we were eating and drinking' as well as Matthew's 'we prophesied etc.'."
3449:
4483:
to the description of Polycarp's death at the stake found in a letter sent by the Christian community of Smyrna to other Christian communities immediately after the event. ... The
2773:
and bear a son (Mt 1:20/Lk 1:31) and he will be called Son of the Most High (Lk 1:32). And you shall call his name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins (Mt 1:21),' as
1795:
were again locked away for safekeeping. The remains were rediscovered and given a proper burial at St. Mary's, with Vatican approval, in 1989. It is now asserted that the bones were of
5399:. 32–35. It was not concerned with a prophecy–fulfillment scheme, but with correspondence between OT texts and Greek mythology." p. 53 – "It is unlikely that it (the text in
4898:. 33 gives as proof concerning Jesus' birth the prophecy of Isa 7:14. The text of this scriptural passage is presented in a form that is influenced by its quotation in Matt 1:23."
4522:
of the Psalm has been fulfilled in the story of Jesus. The "memoirs of the apostles" are used as reliable historical records." p40 – "Justin uses the term gospel only three times
4986:
which were part of a school tradition. These tracts probably also comprised brief fulfillment reports. We encounter this tradition of texts and exposition in its purest form in
5003:
pp. 381–85; p. 381 – "The reason I have called this hypothetical source the "kerygma source" is twofold. First, it share some striking parallels with the lost writing
7692:
3724:
Born around 90 C.e. to a Greek family settled in Flavia Neapolis (modern Nablus) , Justin knew little or no Hebrew and Aramaic and had only a passing acquaintance with Judaism.
10252:
3995:
2769:, overshadowed her and made her while yet a virgin to conceive (cf. Lk 1:35), and the angel of God proclaimed to her and said, 'Behold, you will conceive in the womb from the
2381:
While the gentile peoples, seduced by devils, had deserted the true God for idols, the Jews and Samaritans possessed the revelation given through the prophets and awaited the
5676:
Philippe Bobichon, « Persécutions, calomnies, ‘birkat ha-Minim’, et émissaires juifs de propagande antichrétienne dans le Dialogue avec Tryphon de Justin Martyr »,
4687:. 34:1 may be the only instance.) Diagram of the internal structure of the putative "kerygma source", showing the insertion of scriptural quotation of Mic 5:1 from Mt. 2:6
2901:
the carpenter..., the Holy Spirit, and for man's sake, as I said before, fluttered down upon Him, and a voice came at the time out of the heavens – which was spoken also by
2696:(c. 140). Justin brings in biblical quotes verbatim from these sources, and he often appears to be paraphrasing his sources very closely, even in his interpretive remarks.
4504:
p. 38 – "It is clear that these "memoirs" are indeed gospel writings and that they are used liturgically as instructions for the sacrament and as texts for homilies."
5544:
5628:
5555:
5533:
4530:
10.2; 100.1." p. 41 – "It is evident that "gospel" refers to the same literature that Justin otherwise calls "memoirs of the apostles". The use of the plural in
3109:
Many will say to me, 'Lord, Lord, did we not in your name eat and drink and do powerful deeds?' And then I shall say to them, 'go away from me, workers of lawlessness'.
5456:
5445:
3082:
The saying "Let your Yes be Yes and your No be No" from James 5:12 is interpolated into a sayings complex from Matthew 5:34,37. The text appears in a large number of
2742:
shows how Justin used harmonized gospel verses from Matthew and Luke to provide a scriptural proof of the messiahship of Jesus based on fulfillment of the prophecy of
2855:, illustrate the use of gospel narratives and sayings of Jesus in a testimony source and how Justin has adopted these "memoirs of the apostles" for his own purposes.
1776:
Relics of St. Justin and other early Church martyrs can be found in the lateral altar dedicated to St. Anne and St. Joachim at the Jesuit's Church in Valletta, Malta.
8337:
7486:
3114:
Many will say to me on that day, 'Lord, Lord, did we not in your name eat and drink and prophecy and drive out demons?' And I shall say to them, 'go away from me'.
4788:
34), Justin only quotes the prophecy of Micah 5:1 and then remarks that Jesus was born in this 'village in the land of Judah which is 35 stades from Jerusalem' (
4724:. 106.3); he apparently had no knowledge of the Gospel of John." footnote #2: "The only possible reference to the Gospel of John is the quotation of a saying in
2583:, though acknowledging the position of mainstream scholarship, contends that Justin regarded the fulfillment quotations of the gospels to be equal in authority.
1741:, which he set at 14 April, one day after the date of his death as indicated in the Martyrology of Florus; but since this date quite often falls within the main
3168:. 59–60 on borrowings of the philosophers from Moses, particularly Plato. These two tracts may be from the same source, which may have been an early Christian
8633:
8550:
3164:. 69 which asserts that myths about various pagan deities are imitations of the prophecies about Christ in the Old Testament. There is also a small tract in
5871:
3562:
Iliara LE Ramelli. (2016). Social Justice and the Legitimacy of Slavery: The Role of Philosophical Asceticism from Ancient Judaism to Late Antiquity. 53 pp.
2658:
The apologetic character of Justin's habit of thought appears again in the Acts of his martyrdom, the genuineness of which is attested by internal evidence.
2347:
Justin, like others, thought that the Greek philosophers had derived, if not borrowed, the most essential elements of truth found in their teaching from the
5119:. 103:6, where he refers to it once more in passing; introducing a remark about Jesus' temptation, he again quotes the exact text of Luke 3:22 D = Ps. 2:7."
3457:
Historian Mauro Martone, in his supernatural legal thriller - "The Orcadian File" (2021), has depicted a detailed fictionalised version of Justin's trial.
1963:
After Rufinus, Justin was known mainly from St Irenaeus and Eusebius or from spurious works. A considerable number of other works are given as Justin's by
2711:
5696:
Philippe Bobichon, "Justin Martyr : étude stylistique du Dialogue avec Tryphon suivie d’une comparaison avec l’Apologie et le De resurrectione",
3965:
6956:
2045:, since libraries holding Justin Martyr were already rare by 1364. Other partial medieval manuscripts have been shown to be copies of this one. The
4250:
3372:. Edited by Henry Chadwick, Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: OUP, 2009. (In addition to translating into English has a critical Greek text).
5666:
Philippe Bobichon, « Comment Justin a-t-il acquis sa connaissance exceptionnelle des exégèses juives (contenus et méthodes) ? »,
4965:. 52–54 is using a source containing OT prophecies, expositions and fulfillment reports, it is easy to recognize the different procedure in the
7702:
7449:
4209:"Œuvres de Justin Martyr : Le manuscrit de Londres (Musei Britannici Loan 36/13) apographon du manuscrit de Paris (Parisinus Graecus 450)"
3799:
3097:
The harmonization of Matthew and Luke is evident in the following quotations of Mt 7:22–23 and Lk 13:26–27, which are used by Justin twice, in
4675:
Justin sometimes had direct access to Matthew and quotes OT texts directly from him. ... (The direct borrowings are most frequent in the
2308:
Justin was confident that his teaching was that of the Church at large. He knows of a division among the orthodox only on the question of the
8651:
7261:
5904:
5649:
4467:
dates from about 155 CE, for it mentions (chap. 29) the procurator of Egypt, Felix, who served in this capacity between 151 and 154. Grant (
1426:
677:
10247:
10212:
7969:
2355:
doctrine of the "seminal word," and so philosophy was to him an operation of the Word—in fact, through his identification of the Word with
3526:
10242:
8704:
8433:
4051:
3646:
5429:
10167:
8626:
8006:
7110:
5395:
pp. 52–53,148–150,431; p. 150 – "This tract must have had a somewhat other orientation than the source employed by Justin in
2491:
commanded..."). Justin may have preferred the designation "memoirs of the apostles" as a contrast to the "gospel" of his contemporary
7312:
5686:
Philippe Bobichon, « Composite Citations and Textual Composition in Justin Martyr » in S. A. Adams and S. M. Ehorn (dir.),
3993:
3316:
2971:" is the word which means in translation "serpent", thus, from both parts is formed the one word "Sata-nas". It is narrated in the
10217:
8478:
8428:
7735:
7348:
4706:
but was used by his student Tatian for the composition of his famous and influential four-gospel harmony known as the Diatessaron."
3298:
2710:. However, the existence of a harmony independent of a collection of sayings for exposition purposes has been disputed by scholar
2001:(c. 400). The extant work under the title "On the Sovereignty of God" does not correspond with Eusebius' description of it, though
1830:
speaks of Justin's martyrdom and of Tatian as his disciple. Irenaeus quotes Justin twice and shows his influence in other places.
1639:
philosopher who demanded that he first learn music, astronomy, and geometry, which he did not wish to do. Subsequently, he adopted
3078:
Do not swear at all (Mt 5:34). Let your Yes be Yes and your No be No (Jas 5:12). Everything beyond these is from evil (Mt 5:37).
1826:
who, after calling him "the most admirable Justin", quotes a saying of his and says that the Cynic Crescens laid snares for him.
7740:
4317:"Justin Martyr : étude stylistique du Dialogue avec Tryphon suivie d’une comparaison avec l’Apologie et le De resurrectione"
4020:
2871:, and when Jesus came down into the water, a fire was even kindled in the Jordan, and when He was rising up from the water, the
2301:
foundation of Paul's teaching, and explained in this way the modified character of his Paulinism and his legal mode of thought.
10197:
10172:
8585:
8453:
7697:
7605:
7336:
7256:
7204:
7002:
2617:
is uncertain. One possible reference to John is a saying that is quoted in the context of a description of Christian baptism (
1753:
1510:
would later, regarding the "true religion" that predated Christianity, that the "seeds of Christianity" (manifestations of the
5133:
context of Justin's discussion requires a mention of this phenomenon. It must have been part of the text Justin was quoting."
2528:
has pointed out the Latin title "Memorabilia" was not applied to Xenophon's work until the Middle Ages, and it is more likely
8619:
7214:
6949:
5837:
5751:
5716:
5638:
4661:
4300:
3944:
3826:
3775:
3745:
3717:
3547:
2282:
discovered "blemishes" in Justin's theology, which he attributed to the influence of pagan philosophers; and in modern times
5411:. 69f Justin has added material from a source which was occupied with demonic imitations of OT Messianic prophecies, and in
4944:. 33:4 ... recalls Luke 1:35 ("The Holy Spirit will come upon you and the power of the Most High will overshadow you.")
3752:
JUSTIN MARTYR (150) Born soon after 100 of a pagan Greek family at Flavia Neapolis (modern Nablus, cf. No. 62) in Palestine.
2955:
by Jesus. This indicated that he had a compound name made up of the actions which he performed; for the word "Sata" in the
10082:
7991:
5974:
5808:
5086:. 125:4) – and as we have seen already, they presuppose a harmonistic version of the temptation story which is not created
4653:
The Proof from Prophecy: A Study in Justin Martyr's Proof-text Tradition : Text-type, Provenance, Theological Profile
10064:
8186:
3266:", Justin believed, was nearing its consummation, when the Antichrist would speak his blasphemies against the Most High.
1059:
2192:, it is referred to by Procopius of Gaza (c. 465–528). Methodius appeals to Justin in support of his interpretation of
2025:
10207:
10202:
7784:
7687:
4293:
Evidence for Jewish Believers in Greek and Latin Patristic Literature in Jewish Believers in Jesus: The Early Centuries
4275:
4234:
2467:. 67.3 – "and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are being read as long as it is allowable").
3396:, trans TB Falls, Selections from the Fathers of the Church, 3, (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press)
3033:. 103:5–6 linking the name of Satan to the "apostate-serpent". The Christology of the source is close to that of the
1498:, his most well-known text, passionately defends the morality of the Christian life, and provides various ethical and
8423:
5818:
5794:
5775:
4104:
3687:
2266:
2188:
The authenticity of the treatise is not so generally accepted as are Justin's other works. Even so, earlier than the
2160:
1419:
563:
3886:
The proof from prophecy: a study in Justin Martyr's proof-text tradition:text-type, provenance, theological profile,
2502:
The origin of Justin's use of the name "memoirs of the apostles" as a synonym for the gospels is uncertain. Scholar
2142:
9664:
8201:
8100:
7559:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
6942:
4196:
4129:
Buitenwerf, R. 2003. Book III of the Sibylline Oracles and Its Social Setting. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 78.
2193:
10262:
10177:
9689:
8952:
8670:
8286:
8016:
7755:
7712:
7595:
7585:
7395:
7358:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
6997:
6583:
4578:(hence "reliable"). ... His use of the term "reminiscences", therefore, suggests a connection to Xenophon's
3992:, "...the bones of St. Justin are preserved in a great urn under the coloured marble high altar, built in 1515."
2807:
Christology, characterized by the belief that Jesus first came in humility, in fulfillment of prophecy, and will
1875:
1788:
789:
5928:
42:
10237:
10232:
9614:
8665:
8600:
8568:
8395:
8314:
7745:
7515:
7431:
7322:
6317:
3293:
2692:
2420:
2248:
2244:
2138:
2134:
2071:
1494:
358:
252:
4333:
3869:
10182:
9634:
9314:
8711:
8590:
8580:
8344:
8001:
7799:
7769:
7610:
7461:
7414:
7152:
6716:
3441:
2440:
1998:
1761:
603:
274:
9730:
5938:
2005:
regarded it as still possibly Justin's, and at least of the 2nd century. The author of the smaller treatise
1254:
450:
10187:
8689:
7779:
6773:
6684:
6360:
4806:
harmonizations) and they involve the composition of longer sections of parallel sayings from both gospels."
3263:
3250:
The second advent Justin placed close upon the heels of the appearance of the "man of apostasy", i.e., the
1412:
1359:
1933:
he knows of the apology "Against Marcion," and from Justin's "Apology" of a "Refutation of all Heresies".
1279:
10222:
10162:
9589:
8143:
7789:
7774:
7760:
7667:
7657:
7147:
6693:
6533:
3029:
is reversed by Christ as the Second Adam who conquers Satan. This is implied in the pseudo-etymology in
2297:
has argued that it was precisely because he was a Gentile Christian that he did not fully understand the
2286:
and S.G. Lange have made him out a thorough Hellene, while Semisch and Otto defend him from this charge.
2093:, after an introductory section, Justin undertakes to show that Christianity is the new law for all men.
1968:
1099:
4400:
Philippe Bobichon, "Préceptes éternels et Loi mosaïque dans le Dialogue avec Tryphon de Justin Martyr",
2478:, mostly in his interpretation of Psalm 22, whereas the term "gospel" is used only three times, once in
10227:
10014:
9740:
9679:
8642:
7794:
7662:
7466:
6857:
5360:
p. 100 – "It is, therefore, quite probable from the foregoing discussion that there is underlying
2948:
1668:
1550:
1515:
1289:
435:
9503:
9483:
1635:
philosopher but was put off because the philosopher was too eager for his fee. Then he went to hear a
1039:
8573:
8056:
7520:
7410:
6761:
6196:
6191:
2613:, which may have been composed by Justin or his school. However, his use, or even knowledge, of the
1981:
1891:
1791:
in Valletta, Malta, founded by papal decree in 1592 also boasts relics of this second century Saint.
1745:
celebrations, the feast was moved in 1968 to 1 June, the date on which he has been celebrated in the
1679:
He then adopted the dress of a philosopher himself and traveled about teaching. During the reign of
1184:
989:
4982:
closely adapted to Christian exegesis and polemic concerns. ... Justin may have become heir to
10257:
9654:
8847:
8739:
8682:
8595:
8563:
8458:
8138:
7951:
7444:
7380:
6573:
6387:
5967:
5593:
3063:
2601:
Justin uses material from the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) in the composition of the
2290:
2123:
704:
460:
430:
7979:
3094:. 3:55, 19:2). Thus, it is likely that Justin was quoting this harmonized text from a catechism.
1985:
has been attributed to Apollinaris of Laodicea, Apollinaris of Hierapolis, as well as others. The
10192:
10116:
9765:
9709:
9629:
9025:
7866:
7806:
7682:
7564:
7363:
6965:
6852:
6543:
6493:
6452:
6442:
6047:
2237:
2210:
2127:
1976:
1546:
1294:
924:
551:
413:
204:
163:
148:
128:
6632:
5875:(3 ed.). Samuel Macauley Jackson ed., Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI. pp. 282–285.
2009:
cannot be Justin, because he is dependent on Tatian; Von Harnack placed it between 180 and 240.
1024:
9850:
9815:
9649:
9268:
8769:
8526:
8413:
8031:
7652:
7573:
7549:
6981:
6896:
6402:
6372:
6282:
6071:
6066:
5729:(1956). "Septuaginta und Synoptischer Erzählungsstoff im Schriftbeweis Justins des Märtyrers".
3653:
3180:
Justin's writings constitute a storehouse of early interpretation of the prophetic Scriptures.
2914:
2766:
2520:
1836:
1730:
1214:
849:
586:
96:
9684:
9644:
9604:
9775:
9694:
9563:
9558:
9508:
8985:
8828:
8677:
8521:
8463:
8354:
8349:
8227:
8221:
8021:
7569:
7534:
7439:
7353:
7135:
6877:
6652:
6558:
6523:
6503:
6322:
6297:
6277:
6252:
6206:
6165:
6160:
6033:
4820:
to Justin can only be conjectured, but he apparently never undertook to compose such a work."
4433:
4421: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
4382:
Filiation divine du Christ et filiation divine des chrétiens dans les écrits de Justin Martyr
3815:
Revelation, Truth, Canon, and Interpretation: Studies in Justin Martyr's Dialogue With Trypho
3813:
3602:
3590: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
3087:
2944:
2739:
2406:
1990:
1934:
1696:
1456:
1079:
784:
724:
699:
507:
291:
106:
9820:
4117:
3738:
The Archeology of the New Testament: The Life of Jesus and the Beginning of the Early Church
1089:
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620:
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7130:
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6662:
6617:
6607:
6578:
6287:
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5577:
4491:(end of chap. 120), and it is therefore likely that the latter was composed around 160 CE."
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445:
366:
306:
9936:
9468:
5688:
Composite Citations in Antiquity: Volume 1: Jewish, Graeco-Roman, and Early Christian Uses
5434:
Composite Citations in Antiquity: Volume 1: Jewish, Graeco-Roman, and Early Christian Uses
4977:, Justin reproduces the source rather faithfully, only rearranging the material... In the
4030:
1554:
1274:
8:
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8516:
8256:
8251:
8178:
7896:
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7476:
7373:
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6783:
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6272:
6126:
6111:
6096:
6091:
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6057:
6052:
6038:
5960:
3035:
2817:
2815:. There are close literary parallels between the Christology of Justin's source and the
2182:
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1964:
1845:
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994:
929:
734:
662:
541:
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5606:
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cluster of sayings for this particular context. He use an already existing collection."
5319:
here proves the existence of this harmonization of Matthew and Luke previous to Justin."
5094:. 103:6: As the devil led Adam astray, he thought he could seduce the second Adam also."
4369:
2075:; the date of composition of the latter, judging from the fact that it was addressed to
1971:, and other writers, but this attribution is now generally admitted to be spurious. The
1169:
1129:
1084:
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9553:
9493:
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9378:
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6483:
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From Logos to Trinity: The Evolution of Religious Beliefs from Pythagoras to Tertullian
3793:
3358:
2630:
2533:
1807:
1700:
1632:
1616:. His family may have been pagan, since he was uncircumcised, and defined himself as a
1558:
1507:
1387:
1314:
939:
919:
889:
839:
714:
709:
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267:
212:
194:
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49:
20:
9735:
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pp. 22–25; pp. 24–25 – "These consistent features of harmonization found in
2431:(c. 160), sometimes refers to written sources consisting of narratives of the life of
1019:
9931:
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9805:
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5857:
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5771:
5747:
5712:
5655:
5634:
4784:
pp. 382–383 – "In the discussion of the prophecy for the place of Jesus' birth (
4657:
4349:
Dialogue avec Tryphon, édition critique. Vol. I: Introduction, Texte grec, Traduction
4296:
4271:
4230:
4100:
3940:
3822:
3781:
3771:
3741:
3713:
3683:
3543:
3448:—and how he came to found his institution. He chooses the name Justin Martyr for his
3430:
3334:
3274:
Justin's statements are some of the earliest Christian expressions on the Eucharist.
2998:
2647:
2495:
to emphasize the connections between the historical testimony of the gospels and the
2002:
1944:
1757:
1399:
1299:
1224:
1209:
1204:
1174:
1144:
1109:
1104:
1029:
959:
869:
640:
403:
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9659:
9488:
9478:
8271:
1264:
1069:
9840:
9835:
9760:
9745:
9725:
9513:
9438:
9299:
9183:
9168:
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9093:
9073:
9060:
9005:
8897:
8729:
8168:
8108:
7496:
7481:
7182:
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7140:
7120:
6701:
6528:
6417:
6332:
6239:
6211:
6186:
6116:
5998:
5908:
4025:
3818:
3325:
3071:
3013:
attributed to Aristo of Pella is believed to have furnished Justin with scriptural
2960:
2864:
2836:
2515:
2436:
2294:
2033:
1841:
1534:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1304:
1234:
1159:
984:
894:
799:
774:
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512:
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279:
187:
124:
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9845:
9584:
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pp. 32–34; p. 32 – "It is obvious that Justin's quotation of IS 7:14 in
9966:
9855:
9790:
9780:
9704:
9599:
9594:
9498:
9473:
9304:
9284:
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9222:
9163:
8907:
8734:
8541:
8443:
8381:
8123:
8074:
7620:
7275:
6887:
6867:
6847:
6793:
6706:
6657:
6568:
6312:
6302:
6061:
5804:
4651:
3999:
2968:
2956:
2936:
2812:
2683:
2667:
2609:, either directly, as in the case of Matthew, or indirectly through the use of a
2580:
2448:
2336:
2080:
2052:
2047:
1994:
1704:
1692:
1662:
1605:
1573:
A bearded Justin Martyr presenting an open book to a Roman emperor. Engraving by
1569:
1542:
1324:
1284:
1229:
1164:
1154:
1124:
1119:
1094:
1049:
1034:
1014:
954:
899:
829:
764:
200:
159:
9398:
5894:
Philippe Bobichon's Greek edition with a French translation and notes. Volume I
5151:. 103:5 contains the only two Hebrew–Aramaic etymologies in the entire work: of
4703:
Introduction to the New Testament: History and literature of Early Christianity.
3237:
Justin connected the Second Advent with the climax of the prophecy of Daniel 7.
2964:
1518:. This notion allows him to claim many historical Greek philosophers (including
9795:
9770:
9699:
9639:
9413:
9408:
9388:
9343:
9178:
9173:
9118:
9040:
9020:
8957:
8833:
8694:
8611:
8545:
8531:
8506:
8501:
8292:
8266:
8196:
8011:
7913:
7908:
7891:
7831:
7725:
7672:
7501:
7421:
7270:
6914:
6909:
6882:
6751:
6729:
6667:
6642:
6028:
5878:
5767:
Introduction to the New Testament: History and literature of Early Christianity
5726:
4957:
pp. 143,425; p. 143 – "Taking as a working hypothesis that Justin in
4053:, Saint in the Graveyard: How did the bones of St. Justin wind up in Annapolis?
3124:
3123:
4:5. This harmonized text also appears in a large number of quotations by the
2906:
2634:
2614:
2610:
2564:
2557:
2525:
2444:
2314:
2076:
1867:
1746:
1680:
1636:
1574:
1527:
1503:
1447:
1319:
1309:
1134:
1054:
1044:
914:
854:
608:
581:
546:
482:
395:
311:
9880:
3785:
3228:
Zechariah forecasts His entry into Jerusalem on the foal of an ass (a donkey).
2808:
2687:
1631:
philosopher, who was unable to explain God's being to him. He then attended a
1492:
Most of his works are lost, but two apologies and a dialogue did survive. The
1269:
10146:
10028:
9976:
9946:
9875:
9568:
9523:
9262:
9232:
9133:
9113:
9098:
8990:
8980:
8867:
8448:
8385:
8374:
8261:
8148:
8051:
8039:
7903:
7876:
7816:
7115:
6904:
6837:
6822:
6798:
6734:
6622:
5624:
4428:
4422:
4147:
3597:
3591:
3445:
2804:
2503:
2496:
2348:
2309:
2298:
1862:
1726:
1643:
after encountering a Platonist thinker who had recently settled in his city.
1499:
1219:
1149:
964:
949:
909:
824:
769:
630:
556:
502:
477:
316:
6832:
5204:
pp. 99–100 – "It has already been argued above that the entire section
5038:
close to that of Matthew, but also to the Christology of Justin's source in
4384:
in P. de Navascués Benlloch, M. Crespo Losada and A. Sáez Gutiérrez (dir.),
3403:. Edited by Henry Chadwick, Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: OUP, 2009.
10052:
9961:
9900:
9810:
9619:
9279:
9083:
8922:
8862:
8473:
8403:
8281:
8090:
8061:
7928:
7625:
7368:
7327:
6788:
6488:
6407:
6347:
5933:
5222:
than Matthew's version. ... This evidence would seem to indicate that
3765:
2860:
2735:
2386:
2084:
1708:
1344:
884:
759:
598:
222:
182:
132:
9885:
9674:
6934:
349:
9895:
9865:
9830:
9825:
9800:
9785:
9755:
9353:
9348:
9325:
9217:
9212:
9193:
9158:
9068:
8857:
8113:
7974:
7945:
7886:
7861:
7856:
7720:
7635:
7529:
7510:
7219:
6919:
6862:
6827:
6647:
3625:
3438:
3365:
3026:
3022:
2872:
2770:
2743:
2706:
2524:
because they preserve the authentic teachings of Jesus. However, scholar
2507:
2322:
2321:, but he believes firmly in a millennium, and generally in the Christian
1840:, calls Justin a philosopher and a martyr and the earliest antagonist of
1799:
of the third century who was martyred during the persecution of Maximus.
1506:
to abandon the persecution of the Church. Further, he also indicates, as
1354:
1349:
1259:
1249:
1239:
1139:
979:
974:
944:
879:
859:
495:
399:
227:
208:
171:
5810:
The Proof From Prophecy: A Study in Justin Martyr's Proof Text Tradition
5063:
4386:
Filiación. Cultura pagana, religión de Israel, orígenes del cristianismo
3493:
A pre-fourth-century anonymous work wrongly attributed to Justin Martyr.
3070:. 16:5 shows a combination of sayings material found in Matthew and the
10047:
9981:
9358:
9274:
8942:
8802:
8493:
8243:
8191:
7996:
7826:
7471:
7300:
7244:
7239:
6756:
6377:
6141:
6101:
6081:
5946:
5861:
5659:
5090:
by Justin. The gist of the whole material is succinctly summarized in
3434:
3361:(Patristische Texte und Studien 47, Berlin/New York: de Gruyter, 1997).
3251:
3213:
The prophecies concerning the Messiah, and the particulars of His life.
3021:
Christology – Christ as the incarnation of preexistent Wisdom – with a
2910:
2898:
2897:
And when Jesus came to the Jordan, and being supposed to be the son of
2568:
2367:
2251: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1831:
1486:
804:
517:
425:
326:
10133:
5877:(a text that has entered the public domain and is available online at
3209:
Justin listed the following events as fulfillments of Bible prophecy:
2532:
was used to describe the oral transmission of the sayings of Jesus in
1886:, a discussion with Greek philosophers on the character of their gods;
9517:
9203:
8797:
8488:
8438:
8364:
8359:
8133:
8118:
7846:
7836:
7539:
7525:
7249:
6612:
6553:
6462:
6392:
6337:
6201:
6181:
6018:
5983:
3120:
3083:
3056:
3014:
2796:
2715:
2563:
Justin expounded on the gospel texts as an accurate recording of the
2549:
2518:
should be understood as referring to a written biography such as the
1781:
1738:
1640:
536:
440:
321:
5385:
4368:
New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge 3rd ed. 1914.
4265:
2851:. 103:5–6) of Jesus, which are believed to have originated from the
2678:
as a "kerygma source". A second source, which was used only in the
2463:) which, Justin says, were read every Sunday in the church at Rome (
2226:
2112:
2032:
450. This codex was completed on 11 September 1364 somewhere in the
9996:
9417:
8995:
8947:
8852:
8842:
8812:
8792:
8756:
8332:
8211:
7851:
7630:
7544:
7290:
7280:
7234:
7229:
7224:
6498:
6467:
6422:
6397:
6355:
6292:
6262:
6156:
5917:
5913:
2545:
2470:
The designation "memoirs of the apostles" occurs twice in Justin's
2398:
2363:
2352:
1930:
1827:
1628:
1519:
1382:
749:
719:
625:
615:
593:
522:
5159:. The source of these is apparently the work of Aristo of Pella,
3680:
Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culture
2213:, besides perhaps Irenaeus and Tertullian, seems to have used it.
1902:, in which he makes use of pagan authorities as well as Christian;
10035:
9449:
9338:
9188:
8927:
8902:
8817:
8745:
8699:
8369:
8299:
7959:
7923:
6513:
6508:
6447:
6367:
6106:
4656:. Novum Testamentum. Supplements. E.J. Brill. pp. 130, 163.
4534:
66.3 indicates that Justin knew of more than one written gospel."
4267:
Jewish-Christian Relations - The First Centuries (Mascarat, 2019)
2994:
2868:
2576:
2492:
2390:
2382:
2318:
2279:
1952:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1074:
729:
694:
652:
647:
526:
9030:
8912:
8807:
7385:
7305:
7172:
6538:
6327:
6216:
4476:
3018:
2880:
2701:
2456:
2356:
2042:
1979:, but it is probably a work of as late as the 6th century. The
1938:
1823:
1742:
1688:
1672:
1658:
1593:
1589:
834:
794:
754:
5929:
Opera Omnia ex Migne Patrologia Graeca with analytical indexes
5430:"Composite Citations and Textual Composition in Justin Martyr"
4295:. Peabody, Mass.: Westminster John Knox Press. p. 510-4.
3025:
Christology – the first Adam was conquered by Satan, but this
1856:
deals with him at some length, and names the following works:
1772:
10058:
7933:
6257:
6013:
5952:
5578:
Early Christian Fathers | Christian Classics Ethereal Library
4645:
4643:
3329:
2952:
2940:
2932:
2902:
2432:
2375:
1948:
1538:
1523:
83:
4589:
3955:
Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 1969), p. 94
3527:
St. Justin Martyr, patron of philosophers, honored on June 1
1929:
Eusebius implies that other works were in circulation; from
9000:
5942:
5271:
3902:
Patrology, Volume 1: The Beginnings of Patristic Literature
2977:
1684:
864:
144:
102:
5194:
5166:
4947:
4761:
4640:
4479:, which occurred in 155 or 156; he finds allusions in the
5322:
5285:
5211:
5010:
4993:
4537:
4507:
4118:
https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190278359.003.0005
2993:
The quotations refer to the fulfillment of a prophecy of
2572:
2506:
has argued that the gospels were modeled after classical
1537:, along with some of his students, and is venerated as a
57:
5939:
Martyr Justin the Philosopher and those with him at Rome
5758:
ancient christian gospels their history and development.
5742:
Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development
5336:
5097:
5027:
4901:
4774:
4709:
4625:
Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development
4611:
Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development
4597:
Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development
4545:
Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development
4515:
Ancient Christian Gospels: Their History and Development
3626:"Justin the Philosopher & Martyr and his Companions"
3131:. 16:11 is part of a larger unit of sayings material in
2177:
exists in extensive fragments that are preserved in the
1989:, an exhortation to Christian living, is dependent upon
1784:, a few miles north of Rome, claims to have his relics.
53:
4922:
3849:
Early Christian authors on Samaritans and Samaritanism,
2700:
composed an early harmony along the lines of his pupil
8551:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
5382:
existed and that Justin himself did not compose them."
5350:
4809:
4697:
4695:
4334:"The Early Church and the Beginnings of Anti-Semitism"
3896:
3894:
3710:
After the Apostles: Christianity in the Second Century
3351:, ed. G.J. Goodspeed, (Göttingen, 1914; reprint 1984).
3222:
Isaiah predicted that Jesus would be born of a virgin.
2875:
fluttered down upon Him in the form of a dove, as the
10253:
Converts to Christianity from ancient Roman religions
10012:
5879:
New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
5872:
New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
5651:
The Sayings of Jesus in the Writings of Justin Martyr
5607:"The Orcadian File | Austin Macauley Publishers"
5136:
5045:
4855:
4752:
New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge
4744:
4021:"Italian Martyr's 1,600-Year-Old Remains Put to Rest"
3682:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
3328:, Paris, 1742 (the Benedictine edition, reprinted in
2980:, he fancied that he could in some way harm him also.
2777:
of all things about our savior Jesus Christ taught...
2359:, it was brought into immediate connection with him.
4731:
2682:, may be identical to a lost dialogue attributed to
2552:", and Justin also uses it in reference to Peter in
2486:. The single passage where Justin uses both terms (
5371:
5257:
5180:
5122:
4884:
4841:
4823:
4795:
4692:
4603:
3891:
3344:
Krüger, G., Leipzig, 1896 (3d ed., Tübingen, 1915).
3225:
Micah mentions Bethlehem as the place of His birth.
1461:
5853:A general survey of the canon of the New Testament
5739:
4739:A general survey of the canon of the New Testament
4617:
4494:
4229:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 3–13.
3433:'s best-regarded novel, is the tale of a renowned
2718:is an ongoing subject of scholarly investigation.
2024:, around 1540 in Venice. Pellicier sent it to the
6692:
2824:
2556:106.3, followed by a quotation found only in the
10144:
8641:
4453:
4437:. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company
4154:Contra Apionem (Brill Publishers, 1996), p. 379.
3606:. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company
2028:where it remains today under the catalog number
4559:
4227:Justin, philosopher and martyr : Apologies
3939:, page 139 (Cambridge University Press, 2012).
2976:you serve'. For, since the Devil had deceived
2905:, when he said, impersonating Christ, what the
1895:(known now not to have been written by Justin);
1818:The earliest mention of Justin is found in the
5680:162 /3-4 (juillet-décembre 2003), pp. 403-419.
3156:Justin includes a tract on Greek mythology in
3017:on the divinity of the Messiah by combining a
2633:directly, yet he clearly refers to it, naming
2185:the command to keep the body in moral purity.
2036:. The name of the scribe is unknown, although
1514:acting in history) actually predated Christ's
8627:
6950:
5968:
5630:The New Testament in its Literary Environment
4873:is demonstrated by the close parallel in the
4567:The New Testament in its Literary Environment
3904:(Allen, TX: Christian Classics, 1983), p.197.
3767:Palestine : a four thousand year history
3232:
3062:The following example of an ethical teaching
2721:
1420:
52:. Consider transferring direct quotations to
4475:to the martyrdom of Polycarp, the bishop of
4249:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3990:Sacrofano – Church of Saint John the Baptist
3341:Otto, J. C., Jena, 1842 (3d ed., 1876–1881).
2575:to demonstrate a proof from prophecy of the
6964:
4352:, Fribourg, 2003, Introduction, pp. 73-108.
4010:Knowledge article on Church of the Jesuits.
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3319:(Egyptian Exploration Society, 4th century)
2567:, which he combined with quotations of the
2141:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1612:, and had only a passing acquaintance with
8634:
8620:
6957:
6943:
5975:
5961:
5647:
5436:, , London, Bloomsbury, 2015, pp. 158-181.
4410:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4263:
3798:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3740:. Princeton University Press. p. 14.
3677:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3540:What Every Catholic Should Know about Mary
3257:
2548:accurately recorded the "recollections of
2540:uses a similar term meaning "remembered" (
2510:biographies, and Justin's use of the term
2414:
2362:Thus he does not hesitate to declare that
1958:
1526:), in whose works he was well studied, as
1427:
1413:
95:
16:2nd century Christian apologist and martyr
5868:
5827:
5803:
5770:(2 ed.). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.
5698:Recherches augustiniennes et patristiques
4649:
4630:
4321:Recherches augustiniennes et patristiques
4290:
3867:
3401:Justin, Philosopher and Martyr: Apologies
3370:Justin, Philosopher and Martyr: Apologies
3299:Saint Justin Martyr, patron saint archive
2474:(66.3, 67.3–4) and thirteen times in the
2293:, who considered him a Jewish Christian,
2267:Learn how and when to remove this message
2216:
2161:Learn how and when to remove this message
188:Pre-Congregation for the Causes of Saints
5997:
5846:
5709:The Johannine Corpus in the Early Church
4426:
3854:
3595:
3051:. 15–17 and smaller sayings clusters in
2087:, must fall between 147 and 161. In the
2012:
1806:
1771:
1667:
1568:
1502:arguments to convince the Roman emperor
8375:Fostering of early experimental science
5763:
5737:
5725:
5432:in S. A. Adams and S. M. Ehorn (dir.),
5020:pp. 154–56; p. 156 – "In the
4355:
3763:
3735:
3574:
3537:
3047:Justin quotes many sayings of Jesus in
3042:
2058:
1691:was one of his pupils. In the reign of
10145:
9635:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
8479:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
6476:
5784:
4388:, vol. III, Madrid, 2011, pp. 337-378
4224:
3707:
3420:
3355:Iustini Martyris Dialogus cum Tryphone
2765:...the power of God, coming down upon
2351:. But at the same time he adopted the
2100:
1780:The church of St. John the Baptist in
8615:
6938:
5956:
5250:Adv. Her. XIX 6,21; Gregory of Nyssa
5161:The Altercation of Jason and Papiscus
4833:p. 370 footnote 2: "Bellinzoni (
3703:
3701:
3699:
3196:Then Justin told his own experience:
3183:
3175:
3144:. 15–17 and parallel passages in the
2859:And then, when Jesus had come to the
2591:
2459:(Greek: εὐαγγέλιον; transliteration:
2378:, while the whole appears in Christ.
43:too many or overly lengthy quotations
10065:
5706:
5668:Revue de Théologie et de Philosophie
5623:
3871:Justin Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho
3542:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 185.
3377:Justin Martyr, Dialogue avec Tryphon
3219:The Gentiles accepting Christianity.
2661:
2249:adding citations to reliable sources
2220:
2139:adding citations to reliable sources
2106:
1812:Iustini Philosophi et martyris Opera
1596:) near the ancient biblical city of
217:14 April (Roman Calendar, 1882–1969)
25:
10248:State of Palestine in the Roman era
10213:People executed by the Roman Empire
2909:was going to say to Him – 'You are
2803:. 31–53) is believed to have had a
2499:prophecies which Marcion rejected.
2401:on redemption is derived from him.
13:
10243:Ancient Romans from unknown gentes
5856:(4 ed.). MacMillan & Co.
3696:
2205:to which Justin himself refers in
1975:was assigned by Johann Dräseke to
1592:family, at Flavia Neapolis (today
14:
10274:
10168:2nd-century Christian theologians
5888:
5545:Dialogue with Trypho, Chapter 110
5358:Sayings of Jesus in Justin Martyr
5330:Sayings of Jesus in Justin Martyr
5293:Sayings of Jesus in Justin Martyr
5219:Sayings of Jesus in Justin Martyr
5202:Sayings of Jesus in Justin Martyr
4835:Sayings of Jesus in Justin Martyr
4817:Sayings of Jesus in Justin Martyr
3399:Minns, Denis, & Paul Parvis.
2447:: ἀπομνημονεύματα τῶν ἀποστόλων;
2317:seems to have no connection with
1870:, his sons, and the Roman Senate;
1675:of the beheading of Justin Martyr
114:Theologian, Apologist, and Martyr
10125:
10108:
10091:
10074:
10046:
10034:
10022:
9995:
5921:
5690:, Bloomsbury, 2015, pp. 158-181.
5599:
5582:
5571:
5560:
5556:Dialogue with Trypho, Chapter 32
5549:
5538:
5534:Dialogue with Trypho, chapter 31
5527:
5516:
5505:
5494:
5483:
5472:
5461:
5450:
5240:De Ador. et Verit. VI; Eusebius
4517:pp. 38,40–41; p. 38 –
4431:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
4416:
4116:Oxford Academic, 22 June 2017),
4099:, page 2 (Leiden, Brill, 2002).
3600:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
3585:
3151:
2831:The following excerpts from the
2730:. 33:1,4–5 (partial parallel in
2225:
2111:
2026:Bibliothèque nationale de France
1749:since at least the 9th century.
1393:
1381:
389:
381:
373:
348:
30:
10218:People executed by decapitation
8953:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
6584:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
5905:Works by or about Justin Martyr
5633:. Westminster John Knox Press.
5457:Dialogue with Trypho, Chapter 8
5446:Dialogue with Trypho, Chapter 7
5439:
5422:
4932:pp. 380–81 – "The text of
4394:
4374:
4340:
4326:
4309:
4284:
4270:. WA: Mascarat. p. 201-2.
4257:
4218:
4201:
4190:
4178:
4166:
4157:
4132:
4123:
4109:
4089:
4077:
4068:
4056:
4045:
4013:
4004:
3983:
3958:
3949:
3929:
3916:
3907:
3878:
3841:
3832:
3806:
3757:
3729:
3712:. Fortress Press. p. 158.
3487:
3478:
3468:
3392:Halton, TP and M Slusser, eds,
3002:Hebrew, which was probably the
2629:Justin does not quote from the
2335:were tame compared to those of
2289:In opposition to the school of
2236:needs additional citations for
1892:Hortatory Address to the Greeks
1876:Second Apology of Justin Martyr
8666:History of the Catholic Church
8338:Separation of church and state
8007:Formal and material principles
7992:Separation of church and state
5982:
5648:Bellinzoni, Arthur J. (1967).
4586:), a "biography" of Socrates."
4225:Justin, Martyr, Saint (2009).
3671:
3639:
3618:
3565:
3556:
3531:
3520:
3507:
3294:List of early Christian saints
3204:
3004:Dialogue of Jason and Papiscus
2853:Dialogue of Jason and Papiscus
2826:Dialogue of Jason and Papiscus
2693:Dialogue of Jason and Papiscus
2586:
2342:
1912:A treatise in scholastic form
1879:addressed to the Roman Senate;
1:
10198:Executed ancient Roman people
10173:2nd-century Christian martyrs
9315:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
8712:History of Christian theology
8002:Hymnody of continental Europe
7153:Apostles in the New Testament
6717:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
5617:
4831:The Ancient Christian Gospels
4150:and Levison, John R. (eds.),
3538:McNally, Terrence J. (2009).
3500:
3245:
3216:The destruction of Jerusalem.
2674:and parallel passages in the
2624:
2453:apomnêmoneúmata tôn apostólôn
1720:
1582:
1467:
19:For the Latin historian, see
8643:History of Catholic theology
5315:V). Further, the witness of
5238:. VII 11,67; Cyril of Alex.
4264:Bibliowicz, Abel M. (2019).
3269:
3086:quotations and twice in the
2915:this day I have begotten you
2686:on the divine nature of the
1987:Epistola ad Zenam et Serenum
1852:also mention or quote him.
1687:and started his own school.
7:
7450:Eastern Orthodox opposition
5920:(public domain audiobooks)
5731:Theol. Habilitationsschrift
5711:. Oxford University Press.
5588:Auchincloss, Louis (1964),
5130:Ancients Christians Gospels
5105:Ancients Christians Gospels
4120:, accessed 16 October 2022.
3926:pp.245–6 and notes 1 and 2.
3678:Hanegraaff, Wouter (2012).
3304:
3282:
2795:. The "kerygma source" of
2775:those who have made memoirs
2726:The following excerpt from
1802:
1695:, after disputing with the
1462:
10:
10279:
9741:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
9731:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
9016:Transubstantiation dispute
7467:Art patronage of Julius II
5832:. Hendrickson Publishers.
5787:Justin Martyr and the Jews
5234:. V 14,99; Clem. of Alex.
5144:Justin Martyr and the Jews
4756:Martyrdom of Justin Martyr
4471:pp. 53–54) links the
4461:Justin Martyr and the Jews
4097:Justin Martyr and the Jews
3708:Wagner, Walter H. (1994).
3322:Thirlby, S., London, 1722.
3233:Second Advent and Daniel 7
2653:
2596:
2203:Refutation of all Heresies
1551:Oriental Orthodox Churches
436:Principle of Double Effect
18:
10208:Christian anti-Gnosticism
10203:Saints from the Holy Land
9990:
9909:
9718:
9577:
9447:
9323:
9202:
9059:
8966:
8826:
8720:
8658:
8649:
8559:
8394:
8313:
8242:
8177:
8099:
8030:
7970:Calvinist–Arminian debate
7944:
7711:
7594:
7430:
7321:
7203:
7101:
6990:
6972:
6895:
6814:
6807:
6743:
6683:
6676:
6600:
6346:
6238:
6192:Metrodorus of Stratonicea
6174:
6134:
6125:
6006:
5990:
5830:Jewish Believers in Jesus
5828:Skarsaune, Oskar (2007).
5707:Hill, Charles E. (2004).
5670:, 139, 2007, pp. 101-126
5567:First Apology, Chapter 66
5523:First Apology, Chapter 35
5512:First Apology, Chapter 34
5501:First Apology, Chapter 33
5490:First Apology, Chapter 49
5479:First Apology, chapter 47
5468:First Apology, Chapter 31
5379:Ancient Christian Gospels
5344:Ancient Christian Gospels
5279:Ancient Christian Gospels
5265:Ancient Christian Gospels
5230:. 16:5." (Clem. of Alex.
5188:Ancient Christian Gospels
5174:Jewish Believers in Jesus
5035:Jewish Believers in Jesus
5001:Jewish Believers in Jesus
4930:Ancient Christian Gospels
4892:Ancient Christian Gospels
4849:Ancient Christian Gospels
4803:Ancient Christian Gospels
4782:Ancient Christian Gospels
4769:Jewish Believers in Jesus
4754:, p. 284; Also see,
4717:Ancient Christian Gospels
4650:Skarsaune, Oskar (1987).
4502:Ancient Christian Gospels
4291:Skarsaune, Oskar (2007).
3375:Philippe Bobichon (ed.),
2455:) and less frequently as
2389:, animal sacrifices, the
2069:is a later work than the
1969:Photius of Constantinople
1900:On the Sovereignty of God
1767:
1683:(138–161), he arrived in
1451:
339:
335:
297:
285:
273:
263:
259:
245:
237:
221:
193:
181:
155:
138:
118:
113:
94:
81:
9655:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
8848:Athanasius of Alexandria
8740:First Epistle of Clement
8459:Christian existentialism
6388:Eustathius of Cappadocia
5764:Koester, Helmut (2000).
5738:Koester, Helmut (1990).
5594:Houghton Mifflin Company
4427:Lebreton, Jules (1910).
4404:3/2 (2004), pp. 238-254
4215:57/2 (2004), pp. 157-172
4146:: Points of Contact" in
4074:IV., vi. 2, V., xxvi. 2.
3924:The proof from prophecy,
3851:Mohr Siebeck, 2002 p.14.
3596:Lebreton, Jules (1910).
3461:
3338:, Vol. VI. Paris, 1857).
2291:Ferdinand Christian Baur
1442:, known posthumously as
50:summarize the quotations
9766:Dietrich von Hildebrand
9630:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
9504:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
9484:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
9026:Paulinus II of Aquileia
9021:Predestination disputes
6966:History of Christianity
6453:Gaius Marius Victorinus
6048:Demetrius of Amphipolis
5678:Revue des Études Juives
5393:The Proof From Prophecy
5311:XXXII 8,11; Pamphilius
5107:pp. 394–395 – "In
5071:The Proof From Prophecy
5053:The Proof From Prophecy
5018:The Proof From Prophecy
4955:The Proof From Prophecy
4909:The Proof From Prophecy
4863:The Proof From Prophecy
3349:Die ältesten Apologeten
3264:time, times, and a half
3258:Time, times, and a half
2973:memoirs of the apostles
2951:, and was addressed as
2813:Messiah to the Gentiles
2565:fulfillment of prophecy
2521:Memorabilia of Xenophon
2415:Memoirs of the apostles
1997:to the Novatian Bishop
1977:Apollinaris of Laodicea
1959:Spurious medieval works
1884:Discourse to the Greeks
1604:. He knew little or no
1581:Justin Martyr was born
1564:
1547:Eastern Orthodox Church
552:Theological determinism
205:Eastern Orthodox Church
164:Eastern Orthodox Church
10263:Ancient Greeks in Asia
10178:2nd-century executions
10002:Catholicism portal
9851:Hans Urs von Balthasar
9650:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
9590:Félicité de La Mennais
9269:The Cloud of Unknowing
8770:The Shepherd of Hermas
8527:Fourth Great Awakening
8414:Second Great Awakening
7653:Fall of Constantinople
7445:Development of primacy
6072:Lastheneia of Mantinea
6067:Hestiaeus of Perinthus
5914:Works by Justin Martyr
5869:Bonwetsch, N. (1914).
5785:Rokeah, David (2002).
3868:Justin Martyr. "2–8".
3770:. London. p. 85.
3736:Finegan, Jack (2014).
3116:
3111:
3080:
2991:
2928:
2894:
2788:
2762:
2544:) when describing how
2482:66.3 and twice in the
2435:and quotations of the
2419:Justin Martyr, in his
2217:Role within the Church
1993:, and was assigned by
1973:Expositio rectae fidei
1837:Adversus Valentinianos
1815:
1777:
1718:
1676:
1654:
1623:In the opening of the
1578:
1479:Justin the Philosopher
1388:Catholicism portal
740:Gregory (of Nazianzus)
604:Christian Neoplatonism
241:Justin the Philosopher
10238:Catholic philosophers
10233:Executed philosophers
9776:Marie-Dominique Chenu
9695:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
9680:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
9564:Clement Mary Hofbauer
9559:Johann Michael Sailer
8986:Maximus the Confessor
8678:History of the papacy
8522:Reformed epistemology
8464:Third Great Awakening
8434:Seventh-day Adventist
8355:First Great Awakening
8228:Book of Common Prayer
8022:Protestant work ethic
7565:Independent Catholics
7516:Monastery dissolution
6878:Nicholas Wolterstorff
6653:Theodoric of Freiberg
6323:Clement of Alexandria
6253:Eudorus of Alexandria
6207:Aeschines of Neapolis
5848:Westcott, Brooke Foss
5746:. SCM/Trinity Press.
4984:Schriftbeweistraktate
4875:Proteuangelium Iakobi
4434:Catholic Encyclopedia
4144:Antiquatates Judaicae
3998:13 March 2013 at the
3970:The Church of England
3764:Masalha, Nur (2018).
3603:Catholic Encyclopedia
3408:Georgian translation:
3387:English translations:
3112:
3107:
3076:
2929:
2895:
2877:apostles have written
2857:
2763:
2748:
2740:virgin birth of Jesus
2666:According to scholar
2407:Catholic Encyclopedia
2079:and his adopted sons
1991:Clement of Alexandria
1982:Cohortatio ad Graecos
1810:
1789:Church of the Jesuits
1775:
1713:
1671:
1649:
1572:
1400:Philosophy portal
107:Theophanes the Cretan
10183:Christian apologists
9952:Raniero Cantalamessa
9922:Alice von Hildebrand
9871:Edward Schillebeeckx
9549:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
9434:Lawrence of Brindisi
9364:Francisco de Vitoria
9154:Beatrice of Nazareth
9129:Hugh of Saint Victor
9109:Bernard of Clairvaux
9089:Anselm of Canterbury
9051:John Scotus Eriugena
9046:Paschasius Radbertus
8893:Gregory of Nazianzus
8787:Epistle to Diognetus
8345:Edicts of toleration
8154:Three Forms of Unity
7919:Bohemian Reformation
7492:Catholic Reformation
7349:Roman state religion
7168:Council of Jerusalem
6663:Berthold of Moosburg
6608:John Scotus Eriugena
6579:David the Invincible
6288:Alexander Peloplaton
5700:34 (2005), pp. 1-61
5590:The Rector of Justin
5005:The Kerygma of Peter
4554:Dialogue with Trypho
4487:is mentioned in the
4323:34 (2005), pp. 1-61.
4138:Hardwick, Michael, "
3647:"For All the Saints"
3427:The Rector of Justin
3394:Dialogue with Trypho
3289:Epistle to Diognetus
3043:Catechetical sources
2833:Dialogue with Trypho
2643:Brooke Foss Westcott
2428:Dialogue with Trypho
2332:Dialogue with Trypho
2245:improve this article
2135:improve this section
2090:Dialogue with Trypho
2060:Dialogue with Trypho
2038:Manuel Kantakouzenos
1922:Dialogue with Trypho
1854:Eusebius of Caesarea
1850:Methodius of Olympus
1528:unknowing Christians
636:Second scholasticism
105:of Justin Martyr by
10188:Christian pacifists
9927:Carlo Maria Martini
9891:Johann Baptist Metz
9861:Frederick Copleston
9685:Friedrich von Hügel
9645:Joseph Hergenröther
9625:Gaetano Sanseverino
9605:Ignaz von Döllinger
9529:Nicolas Malebranche
9369:Thomas of Villanova
9330:Counter-Reformation
9310:Girolamo Savonarola
9124:Hildegard of Bingen
8933:Cyril of Alexandria
8776:Aristides of Athens
8763:Epistle of Barnabas
8752:Ignatius of Antioch
8690:Ecumenical councils
8517:Liberation theology
8424:Jehovah's Witnesses
8257:Radical Reformation
7985:Resistance theories
7872:Christian mysticism
7867:Early Scholasticism
7579:Ecclesial community
7477:Counter-Reformation
7342:Constantinian shift
6784:Ralph Waldo Emerson
6258:Philo of Alexandria
6097:Menedemus of Pyrrha
6092:Heraclides Ponticus
6077:Timolaus of Cyzicus
6053:Euaeon of Lampsacus
5428:Philippe Bobichon,
5244:III 3,13; Eusebius
4429:"St. Justin Martyr"
4380:Philippe Bobichon,
4346:Philippe Bobichon,
4315:Philippe Bobichon,
4207:Philippe Bobichon,
3913:Plummer, 2002 p.15.
3598:"St. Justin Martyr"
3421:Literary references
3088:Clementine Homilies
3036:Ascension of Isaiah
2935:himself,... called
2818:Apocalypse of Peter
2439:as "memoirs of the
2201:is lost, as is the
2175:On the Resurrection
2102:On the Resurrection
2022:Guillaume Pellicier
1965:Arethas of Caesarea
1483:Christian apologist
1463:Ioustînos ho Mártys
466:Liberation Theology
367:Catholic philosophy
10223:People from Nablus
10163:2nd-century Romans
9942:Alasdair MacIntyre
9821:Nouvelle théologie
9710:Thérèse of Lisieux
9554:Alfonso Muzzarelli
9494:Jean-Jacques Olier
9464:Tommaso Campanella
9379:Francisco de Osuna
9374:Ignatius of Loyola
9243:Catherine of Siena
9139:Robert Grosseteste
9036:Benedict of Aniane
8976:Isidore of Seville
8918:Augustine of Hippo
8883:Cyril of Jerusalem
8878:Hilary of Poitiers
8591:Oriental Orthodoxy
8234:King James Version
8046:Ninety-five Theses
7842:Apostolic Brethren
7616:Church of the East
7611:Oriental Orthodoxy
7457:Crusading movement
6977:Early Christianity
6779:Emanuel Swedenborg
6712:Cristoforo Landino
6694:Florentine Academy
6484:Plutarch of Athens
6433:Eusebius of Myndus
6428:Maximus of Ephesus
6413:Theodorus of Asine
6308:Numenius of Apamea
6087:Axiothea of Phlius
6043:Erastus of Scepsis
5934:EarlyChurch.org.uk
5356:Bellinzoni (1967)
5328:Bellinzoni (1967)
5291:Bellinzoni (1967)
5217:Bellinzoni (1967)
5200:Bellinzoni (1967)
5147:sources. ...
5056:Jesus' baptism in
4815:Bellinzoni (1967)
3888:Brill, 1987 p.246.
3838:Allert, ibid. p.28
3515:Commentary on John
3364:Minns, Denis, and
3359:Miroslav Marcovich
3184:Belief in prophecy
3176:Prophetic exegesis
2799:(contained within
2631:Book of Revelation
2592:Scriptural sources
2569:prophets of Israel
2534:early Christianity
1816:
1778:
1677:
1579:
1452:Ἰουστῖνος ὁ Μάρτυς
745:Gregory (of Nyssa)
473:Christian Humanism
268:Ancient philosophy
168:Oriental Orthodoxy
21:Justin (historian)
10228:Middle Platonists
10010:
10009:
9937:Gustavo Gutiérrez
9932:Pope Benedict XVI
9917:Pope John Paul II
9816:Josemaría Escrivá
9806:Henri Daniel-Rops
9690:Vladimir Solovyov
9670:Neo-scholasticism
9610:John Henry Newman
9544:Louis de Montfort
9539:Alphonsus Liguori
9534:Giambattista Vico
9469:Pierre de Bérulle
9455:French Revolution
9424:Robert Bellarmine
9404:John of the Cross
9290:Julian of Norwich
9248:Bridget of Sweden
9238:John of Ruusbroec
9228:William of Ockham
9144:Francis of Assisi
9134:Dominic de Guzmán
9104:Decretum Gratiani
9079:Berengar of Tours
8968:Early Middle Ages
8938:Peter Chrysologus
8888:Basil of Caesarea
8873:Ephrem the Syrian
8813:Antipope Novatian
8609:
8608:
8586:Eastern Orthodoxy
8454:Finnish Awakening
8409:Holiness movement
8350:Congregationalism
8309:
8308:
8169:Metrical psalters
7606:Eastern Orthodoxy
7550:Neo-Scholasticism
7257:Canon development
7158:Jewish Christians
6932:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6873:Peter van Inwagen
6843:Roderick Chisholm
6769:
6768:
6725:
6724:
6596:
6595:
6592:
6591:
6438:Priscus of Epirus
6240:Middle Platonists
6234:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6222:Dio of Alexandria
6147:Diocles of Cnidus
5839:978-1-56563-763-4
5753:978-0-334-02459-0
5718:978-0-19-926458-2
5640:978-0-664-21912-3
5391:Skarsaune (1987)
5252:In Cant. of Cant.
5172:Skarsaune (2007)
5069:Skarsaune (1987)
5051:Skarsaune (1987)
5033:Skarsaune (2007)
5016:Skarsaune (1987)
4999:Skarsaune (2007)
4953:Skarsaune (1987)
4907:Skarsaune (1987)
4861:Skarsaune (1987)
4767:Skarsaune (2007)
4750:Bonwetsch (1914)
4663:978-90-04-07468-2
4302:978-0-664-25018-8
4197:De vir. ill., ix.
4148:Feldman, Louis H.
3945:978-1-107-01330-8
3884:Oskar Skarsaune,
3847:Reinhold Plummer,
3827:978-9-004-31329-3
3812:Craig D. Allert,
3777:978-1-78699-272-7
3747:978-1-4008-6318-1
3719:978-1-4514-1986-3
3549:978-1-4415-1051-8
3431:Louis Auchincloss
3335:Patrologia Graeca
3064:On Swearing Oaths
2999:Western text-type
2712:Arthur Bellinzoni
2662:Testimony sources
2648:canonical gospels
2577:Christian kerygma
2370:were Christians (
2277:
2276:
2269:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2051:was published by
2030:Parisinus graecus
2014:Parisinus graecus
2003:Adolf von Harnack
1947:borrows from his
1820:Oratio ad Graecos
1758:Church of England
1737:composed for his
1555:Lutheran Churches
1477:), also known as
1460:
1437:
1436:
1370:
1369:
1255:Garrigou-Lagrange
564:Divine Attributes
343:
342:
232:Philosophy career
156:Venerated in
75:
74:
10270:
10138:
10130:
10129:
10128:
10121:
10113:
10112:
10111:
10104:
10096:
10095:
10094:
10087:
10079:
10078:
10077:
10067:
10051:
10050:
10039:
10038:
10027:
10026:
10025:
10018:
10000:
9999:
9841:Emmanuel Mounier
9836:Bernard Lonergan
9761:Georges Bernanos
9746:Jacques Maritain
9726:G. K. Chesterton
9615:Henri Lacordaire
9514:Cornelius Jansen
9509:François Fénelon
9439:Francis de Sales
9429:Francisco Suárez
9300:Nicholas of Cusa
9184:Siger of Brabant
9169:Boetius of Dacia
9149:Anthony of Padua
9094:Joachim of Fiore
9074:Gregory of Narek
9061:High Middle Ages
9006:John of Damascus
8898:Gregory of Nyssa
8636:
8629:
8622:
8613:
8612:
8028:
8027:
7415:Non-Chalcedonian
7396:Constantinople I
7188:General epistles
7183:Pauline epistles
7163:Paul the Apostle
7141:Great Commission
6959:
6952:
6945:
6936:
6935:
6812:
6811:
6690:
6689:
6681:
6680:
6529:Ammonius Hermiae
6474:
6473:
6333:Origen the Pagan
6212:Philo of Larissa
6187:Hagnon of Tarsus
6132:
6131:
6117:Crates of Athens
6004:
6003:
5995:
5994:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5954:
5953:
5925:
5924:
5909:Internet Archive
5876:
5865:
5843:
5824:
5805:Skarsaune, Oskar
5800:
5781:
5760:
5745:
5734:
5722:
5663:
5644:
5611:
5610:
5603:
5597:
5586:
5580:
5575:
5569:
5564:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5542:
5536:
5531:
5525:
5520:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5476:
5470:
5465:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5443:
5437:
5426:
5420:
5389:
5383:
5375:
5369:
5354:
5348:
5340:
5334:
5326:
5320:
5289:
5283:
5275:
5269:
5261:
5255:
5215:
5209:
5198:
5192:
5184:
5178:
5170:
5164:
5140:
5134:
5126:
5120:
5101:
5095:
5067:
5061:
5049:
5043:
5031:
5025:
5014:
5008:
4997:
4991:
4951:
4945:
4926:
4920:
4905:
4899:
4888:
4882:
4859:
4853:
4845:
4839:
4827:
4821:
4813:
4807:
4799:
4793:
4778:
4772:
4765:
4759:
4748:
4742:
4737:Westcott (1875)
4735:
4729:
4713:
4707:
4701:Koester, (2000)
4699:
4690:
4689:
4672:
4670:
4647:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4621:
4615:
4607:
4601:
4593:
4587:
4563:
4557:
4541:
4535:
4511:
4505:
4498:
4492:
4469:Greek Apologists
4463:p. 2 – His
4457:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4408:
4398:
4392:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4353:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4324:
4313:
4307:
4306:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4248:
4240:
4222:
4216:
4205:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4155:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4121:
4113:
4107:
4093:
4087:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4033:on 3 August 2020
4029:. Archived from
4026:Associated Press
4017:
4011:
4008:
4002:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3947:
3933:
3927:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3905:
3898:
3889:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3852:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3830:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3797:
3789:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3705:
3694:
3693:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3652:. Archived from
3651:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3572:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3513:Thomas Whitlaw,
3511:
3494:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3476:
3472:
3450:Episcopal school
3429:(1964), perhaps
3072:Epistle of James
2989:
2926:
2892:
2879:about this very
2786:
2760:
2722:"Kerygma source"
2516:Synoptic Gospels
2514:to mean all the
2437:sayings of Jesus
2295:Albrecht Ritschl
2272:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2229:
2221:
2166:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2146:
2115:
2107:
2034:Byzantine Empire
1941:mention Justin.
1905:A work entitled
1587:
1586: AD 90–100
1584:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1385:
775:John of Damascus
683:
682:
513:Moderate realism
421:Cardinal virtues
393:
392:
388:
385:
384:
380:
377:
376:
352:
345:
344:
280:Middle Platonism
248:
238:Other names
99:
79:
78:
70:
67:
61:
34:
33:
26:
10278:
10277:
10273:
10272:
10271:
10269:
10268:
10267:
10258:Anglican saints
10143:
10142:
10141:
10131:
10126:
10124:
10120:from Wikisource
10114:
10109:
10107:
10097:
10092:
10090:
10080:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10066:sister projects
10063:at Knowledge's
10057:
10045:
10033:
10023:
10021:
10013:
10011:
10006:
9994:
9986:
9967:Jean-Luc Marion
9905:
9856:Marcel Lefebvre
9781:Romano Guardini
9736:Joseph Maréchal
9714:
9705:Maurice Blondel
9600:Antonio Rosmini
9595:Luigi Taparelli
9573:
9499:Louis Thomassin
9474:Pierre Gassendi
9457:
9453:
9443:
9394:Teresa of Ávila
9332:
9328:
9319:
9305:Marsilio Ficino
9295:Thomas à Kempis
9285:Devotio Moderna
9258:Johannes Tauler
9253:Meister Eckhart
9223:Dante Alighieri
9198:
9164:Albertus Magnus
9055:
8962:
8908:John Chrysostom
8836:
8832:
8822:
8735:Clement of Rome
8716:
8654:
8645:
8640:
8610:
8605:
8555:
8542:Christian right
8444:Oxford Movement
8419:Restorationists
8390:
8305:
8238:
8173:
8124:Presbyterianism
8095:
8075:Book of Concord
8026:
7950:
7948:
7940:
7707:
7597:
7590:
7426:
7325:
7317:
7276:Clement of Rome
7206:
7199:
7103:
7097:
6986:
6968:
6963:
6933:
6924:
6891:
6888:Edward N. Zalta
6868:Alvin Plantinga
6848:Michael Dummett
6803:
6794:Bernard Bolzano
6765:
6739:
6721:
6707:Marsilio Ficino
6672:
6658:Meister Eckhart
6588:
6569:John Philoponus
6472:
6342:
6313:Ammonius Saccas
6303:Maximus of Tyre
6226:
6170:
6121:
6062:Python of Aenus
5986:
5981:
5922:
5891:
5840:
5821:
5797:
5778:
5754:
5727:Koester, Helmut
5719:
5641:
5620:
5615:
5614:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5587:
5583:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5561:
5554:
5550:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5528:
5521:
5517:
5510:
5506:
5499:
5495:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5473:
5466:
5462:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5440:
5427:
5423:
5390:
5386:
5377:Koester (1990)
5376:
5372:
5355:
5351:
5342:Koester (1990)
5341:
5337:
5327:
5323:
5313:Apol. pro Orig.
5290:
5286:
5277:Koester (1990)
5276:
5272:
5263:Koester (1990)
5262:
5258:
5246:Comm. in Ps. 14
5216:
5212:
5199:
5195:
5186:Koester (1990)
5185:
5181:
5171:
5167:
5141:
5137:
5128:Koester (1990)
5127:
5123:
5103:Koester (1990)
5102:
5098:
5068:
5064:
5050:
5046:
5032:
5028:
5015:
5011:
4998:
4994:
4952:
4948:
4928:Koester (1990)
4927:
4923:
4906:
4902:
4894:p. 379 – "
4890:Koester (1990)
4889:
4885:
4865:p. 145 – "
4860:
4856:
4847:Koester (1990)
4846:
4842:
4829:Koester (1990)
4828:
4824:
4814:
4810:
4801:Koester (1990)
4800:
4796:
4780:Koester (1990)
4779:
4775:
4771:pp. 380–81
4766:
4762:
4749:
4745:
4736:
4732:
4715:Koester (1990)
4714:
4710:
4700:
4693:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4648:
4641:
4635:
4631:
4622:
4618:
4608:
4604:
4594:
4590:
4584:apomnemoneumata
4572:apomnemoneumata
4564:
4560:
4542:
4538:
4513:Koester (1990)
4512:
4508:
4500:Koester (1990)
4499:
4495:
4458:
4454:
4440:
4438:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4399:
4395:
4379:
4375:
4367:
4356:
4345:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4327:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4289:
4285:
4278:
4262:
4258:
4242:
4241:
4237:
4223:
4219:
4206:
4202:
4195:
4191:
4183:
4179:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4137:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4114:
4110:
4094:
4090:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4019:
4018:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4000:Wayback Machine
3988:
3984:
3974:
3972:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3935:Marian Hillar,
3934:
3930:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3899:
3892:
3883:
3879:
3866:
3855:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3811:
3807:
3791:
3790:
3778:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3706:
3697:
3690:
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3586:
3584:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3557:
3550:
3536:
3532:
3525:
3521:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3423:
3307:
3285:
3272:
3260:
3248:
3235:
3207:
3186:
3178:
3154:
3045:
2990:
2984:
2943:, the Devil by
2927:
2921:
2893:
2887:
2829:
2809:return in glory
2787:
2781:
2761:
2755:
2724:
2684:Aristo of Pella
2668:Oskar Skarsaune
2664:
2656:
2637:as its author (
2627:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2581:Charles E. Hill
2530:apomnemoneumata
2512:apomnemoneumata
2449:transliteration
2417:
2345:
2337:John Chrysostom
2273:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2242:
2230:
2219:
2199:Against Marcion
2190:Sacra parallela
2179:Sacra parallela
2167:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2132:
2116:
2105:
2081:Marcus Aurelius
2063:
2053:Robert Estienne
2048:editio princeps
2018:
1995:Pierre Batiffol
1961:
1822:by his student
1805:
1770:
1762:Lesser Festival
1723:
1705:Junius Rusticus
1693:Marcus Aurelius
1663:Syria Palestina
1585:
1567:
1543:Catholic Church
1481:, was an early
1474:
1470:
1433:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1009:
1001:
1000:
999:
819:
811:
810:
809:
689:
680:
670:
669:
577:
569:
568:
498:
488:
487:
461:Social teaching
416:
406:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
331:
300:
288:
246:
230:
216:
201:Catholic Church
174:
170:
166:
162:
160:Catholic Church
143:
125:Flavia Neapolis
123:
109:
90:
87:
86:
71:
65:
62:
56:or excerpts to
47:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10276:
10266:
10265:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10245:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10193:Church Fathers
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10140:
10139:
10122:
10105:
10103:from Wikiquote
10088:
10059:
10056:
10055:
10043:
10031:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10004:
9991:
9988:
9987:
9985:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9913:
9911:
9907:
9906:
9904:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9798:
9796:Henri de Lubac
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9771:Gabriel Marcel
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9751:Étienne Gilson
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9722:
9720:
9716:
9715:
9713:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9700:George Tyrrell
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9660:Émile Boutroux
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9640:Giuseppe Pecci
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9587:
9581:
9579:
9575:
9574:
9572:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9511:
9506:
9501:
9496:
9491:
9489:António Vieira
9486:
9481:
9479:René Descartes
9476:
9471:
9466:
9460:
9458:
9450:Baroque period
9448:
9445:
9444:
9442:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9414:Luis de Molina
9411:
9409:Peter Canisius
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9389:Francis Xavier
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9344:Thomas Cajetan
9341:
9335:
9333:
9324:
9321:
9320:
9318:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9275:Heinrich Seuse
9272:
9265:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9215:
9209:
9207:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9179:Thomas Aquinas
9176:
9174:Henry of Ghent
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9119:Anselm of Laon
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9065:
9063:
9057:
9056:
9054:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9041:Rabanus Maurus
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8972:
8970:
8964:
8963:
8961:
8960:
8958:Pope Gregory I
8955:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8839:
8837:
8834:Pope Gregory I
8827:
8824:
8823:
8821:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8766:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8726:
8724:
8718:
8717:
8715:
8714:
8709:
8708:
8707:
8705:Biblical canon
8702:
8695:Catholic Bible
8692:
8687:
8686:
8685:
8675:
8674:
8673:
8662:
8660:
8656:
8655:
8650:
8647:
8646:
8639:
8638:
8631:
8624:
8616:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8603:
8598:
8593:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8577:
8576:
8571:
8560:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8548:
8539:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8507:Pentecostalism
8504:
8502:Jesus movement
8499:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8400:
8398:
8392:
8391:
8389:
8388:
8379:
8378:
8377:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8342:
8341:
8340:
8330:
8325:
8319:
8317:
8311:
8310:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8296:
8293:Martyrs Mirror
8289:
8284:
8279:
8277:Martyrs' Synod
8274:
8269:
8267:Swiss Brethren
8264:
8259:
8254:
8248:
8246:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8183:
8181:
8175:
8174:
8172:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8105:
8103:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8071:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8036:
8034:
8025:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8012:Law and Gospel
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7988:
7987:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7956:
7954:
7942:
7941:
7939:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7764:
7763:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7717:
7715:
7709:
7708:
7706:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7693:Ottoman Empire
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7638:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7602:
7600:
7592:
7591:
7589:
7588:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7507:
7506:
7505:
7504:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7436:
7434:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7422:Biblical canon
7419:
7418:
7417:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7333:
7331:
7323:Late antiquity
7319:
7318:
7316:
7315:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7271:Church Fathers
7264:
7259:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7211:
7209:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7144:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7113:
7107:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6994:
6992:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6984:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6962:
6961:
6954:
6947:
6939:
6930:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6915:Roman Ingarden
6912:
6910:Edmund Husserl
6907:
6901:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6885:
6883:Crispin Wright
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6853:W. V. O. Quine
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6818:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6770:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6752:Ralph Cudworth
6749:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6730:Giordano Bruno
6726:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6719:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6696:
6687:
6678:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6668:Paul of Venice
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6643:Henry of Ghent
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6604:
6602:
6598:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
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6526:
6521:
6516:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
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6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
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6380:
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6364:
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6352:
6350:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6231:
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6227:
6225:
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6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
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6163:
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6138:
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6129:
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6122:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6036:
6031:
6029:Philip of Opus
6026:
6021:
6016:
6010:
6008:
6001:
5992:
5988:
5987:
5980:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5911:
5902:
5890:
5889:External links
5887:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5866:
5844:
5838:
5825:
5819:
5801:
5795:
5782:
5776:
5761:
5752:
5735:
5723:
5717:
5704:
5694:
5684:
5682:article online
5674:
5664:
5645:
5639:
5625:Aune, David E.
5619:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5598:
5581:
5570:
5559:
5548:
5537:
5526:
5515:
5504:
5493:
5482:
5471:
5460:
5449:
5438:
5421:
5384:
5370:
5349:
5335:
5321:
5307:II 49; Origen
5284:
5270:
5256:
5248:4; Epiphanius
5210:
5193:
5179:
5165:
5142:Rokeah (2002)
5135:
5121:
5096:
5062:
5044:
5026:
5009:
4992:
4946:
4921:
4900:
4883:
4854:
4840:
4822:
4808:
4794:
4773:
4760:
4743:
4730:
4708:
4691:
4662:
4639:
4629:
4616:
4602:
4588:
4558:
4536:
4506:
4493:
4459:Rokeah (2002)
4452:
4409:
4402:Revue Biblique
4393:
4373:
4354:
4339:
4325:
4308:
4301:
4283:
4277:978-1513616483
4276:
4256:
4236:978-0199542505
4235:
4217:
4200:
4189:
4177:
4175:, IV., xi. 10.
4173:Church History
4165:
4156:
4140:Contra Apionem
4131:
4122:
4108:
4095:David Rokéah,
4088:
4084:Church History
4076:
4067:
4065:I., xxviii. 1.
4055:
4044:
4012:
4003:
3982:
3966:"The Calendar"
3957:
3948:
3928:
3915:
3906:
3890:
3877:
3853:
3840:
3831:
3805:
3776:
3756:
3746:
3728:
3718:
3695:
3688:
3670:
3659:on 24 May 2010
3638:
3617:
3573:
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3499:
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3226:
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3214:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3193:
3185:
3182:
3177:
3174:
3153:
3150:
3125:Church Fathers
3044:
3041:
2982:
2963:tongue means "
2919:
2885:
2843:. 88:3,8) and
2828:
2823:
2779:
2753:
2723:
2720:
2663:
2660:
2655:
2652:
2626:
2623:
2615:Gospel of John
2611:gospel harmony
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2558:Gospel of Mark
2542:apomnemoneusen
2526:Helmut Koester
2416:
2413:
2344:
2341:
2315:millenarianism
2275:
2274:
2233:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2169:
2168:
2119:
2117:
2110:
2104:
2099:
2077:Antoninus Pius
2062:
2057:
2017:
2011:
1960:
1957:
1927:
1926:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1868:Antoninus Pius
1804:
1801:
1769:
1766:
1747:Byzantine Rite
1722:
1719:
1681:Antoninus Pius
1575:Jacques Callot
1566:
1563:
1504:Antoninus Pius
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1390:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
821:
820:
817:
816:
813:
812:
808:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
691:
690:
687:
686:
681:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
666:
665:
660:
650:
645:
644:
643:
638:
628:
623:
618:
613:
612:
611:
609:Friends of God
601:
596:
591:
590:
589:
582:Augustinianism
578:
575:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
561:
560:
559:
554:
547:Predestination
544:
539:
534:
520:
515:
510:
505:
499:
494:
493:
490:
489:
486:
485:
483:Works of mercy
480:
475:
470:
469:
468:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
417:
412:
411:
408:
407:
394:
370:
369:
363:
362:
354:
353:
341:
340:
337:
336:
333:
332:
330:
329:
324:
319:
314:
312:Virtuous pagan
309:
303:
301:
298:
295:
294:
289:
287:Main interests
286:
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
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243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
225:
219:
218:
197:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
157:
153:
152:
151:, Roman Empire
140:
136:
135:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
100:
92:
91:
88:
82:
73:
72:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10275:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10254:
10251:
10249:
10246:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10234:
10231:
10229:
10226:
10224:
10221:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10150:
10148:
10137:from Wikidata
10136:
10135:
10123:
10119:
10118:
10106:
10102:
10101:
10089:
10085:
10084:
10072:
10071:
10068:
10062:
10061:Justin Martyr
10054:
10049:
10044:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10030:
10020:
10019:
10016:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9992:
9989:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9977:Aidan Nichols
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9957:Michał Heller
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9947:Walter Kasper
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9914:
9912:
9908:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9876:Thomas Merton
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9846:Jean Daniélou
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9717:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9585:Joseph Görres
9583:
9582:
9580:
9576:
9570:
9569:Bruno Lanteri
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9524:Blaise Pascal
9522:
9519:
9515:
9512:
9510:
9507:
9505:
9502:
9500:
9497:
9495:
9492:
9490:
9487:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9419:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9384:John of Ávila
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9331:
9327:
9322:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9270:
9266:
9264:
9263:Walter Hilton
9261:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9233:Richard Rolle
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9216:
9214:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9201:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9114:Peter Lombard
9112:
9110:
9107:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9099:Peter Abelard
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9066:
9064:
9062:
9058:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8991:Monothelitism
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8981:John Climacus
8979:
8977:
8974:
8973:
8971:
8969:
8965:
8959:
8956:
8954:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8868:Monophysitism
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8788:
8784:
8782:
8781:Justin Martyr
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8767:
8765:
8764:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8747:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8727:
8725:
8723:
8719:
8713:
8710:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8684:
8683:Papal primacy
8681:
8680:
8679:
8676:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8667:
8664:
8663:
8661:
8657:
8653:
8648:
8644:
8637:
8632:
8630:
8625:
8623:
8618:
8617:
8614:
8602:
8599:
8597:
8596:Protestantism
8594:
8592:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8566:
8565:
8562:
8561:
8558:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8543:
8540:
8537:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8497:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8469:Azusa Revival
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8449:Laestadianism
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8397:
8393:
8387:
8386:Old Lutherans
8383:
8380:
8376:
8373:
8372:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8343:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8320:
8318:
8316:
8312:
8302:
8301:
8297:
8295:
8294:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8245:
8241:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8229:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8176:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8102:
8098:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8076:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8063:
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8052:Diet of Worms
8050:
8048:
8047:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8038:
8037:
8035:
8033:
8029:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7953:
7952:Protestantism
7947:
7943:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7810:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7772:
7771:
7768:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7714:
7710:
7704:
7703:North America
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7633:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7603:
7601:
7599:
7593:
7587:
7584:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7503:
7500:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7441:
7438:
7437:
7435:
7433:
7429:
7423:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7335:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7324:
7320:
7314:
7313:Early African
7311:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7296:Justin Martyr
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7217:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7208:
7202:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7118:
7117:
7116:Life of Jesus
7114:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:Apostolic Age
7100:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6989:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6967:
6960:
6955:
6953:
6948:
6946:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6905:Henri Bergson
6903:
6902:
6900:
6898:
6894:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6838:Alonzo Church
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6823:Gottlob Frege
6821:
6819:
6817:
6813:
6810:
6806:
6800:
6799:Aleksei Losev
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6774:Thomas Taylor
6772:
6771:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6736:
6735:Blaise Pascal
6733:
6731:
6728:
6727:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6623:Peter Abelard
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6599:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6534:Asclepiodotus
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6349:
6348:Neoplatonists
6345:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6268:Justin Martyr
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6173:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
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6011:
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5993:
5989:
5985:
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5955:
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5927:
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5915:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5883:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5822:
5820:90-04-07468-6
5816:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5796:90-04-12310-5
5792:
5788:
5783:
5779:
5777:3-11-014693-2
5773:
5769:
5768:
5762:
5759:
5755:
5749:
5744:
5743:
5736:
5733:. Heidelberg.
5732:
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5705:
5703:
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5693:
5689:
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5363:
5359:
5353:
5345:
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5325:
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5314:
5310:
5306:
5305:Contra Celsum
5302:
5298:
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5288:
5280:
5274:
5266:
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4832:
4826:
4818:
4812:
4804:
4798:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4770:
4764:
4758:at Wikisource
4757:
4753:
4747:
4740:
4734:
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4723:
4718:
4712:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4688:
4686:
4683:, Mic 5:1 in
4682:
4678:
4665:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4646:
4644:
4633:
4626:
4623:Koester 1990
4620:
4612:
4609:Koester 1990
4606:
4598:
4595:Koester 1990
4592:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4562:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4543:Koester 1990
4540:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4503:
4497:
4490:
4486:
4485:First Apology
4482:
4478:
4474:
4473:First Apology
4470:
4466:
4465:First Apology
4462:
4456:
4450:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4423:public domain
4413:
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3592:public domain
3582:
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3528:
3523:
3517:(1885), p. xl
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3152:Other sources
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2805:Two Parousias
2802:
2798:
2794:
2793:First Apology
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2734:. 84) on the
2733:
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2717:
2713:
2709:
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2703:
2697:
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2689:
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2672:First Apology
2669:
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2651:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2603:First Apology
2584:
2582:
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2566:
2561:
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2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
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2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:David E. Aune
2500:
2498:
2497:Old Testament
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2472:First Apology
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2425:(c. 155) and
2424:
2423:
2422:First Apology
2412:
2409:
2408:
2402:
2400:
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2388:
2384:
2379:
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2349:Old Testament
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:Old Testament
2296:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2268:
2260:
2257:December 2015
2250:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2234:This section
2232:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2194:1 Corinthians
2191:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2173:The treatise
2165:
2162:
2154:
2151:December 2015
2144:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2120:This section
2118:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2072:First Apology
2068:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2007:To the Greeks
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1935:St Epiphanius
1932:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1866:addressed to
1865:
1864:
1863:First Apology
1859:
1858:
1857:
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1847:
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1839:
1838:
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1829:
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1765:
1763:
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1732:
1728:
1727:Pope Leo XIII
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1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:St. Augustine
1505:
1501:
1500:philosophical
1497:
1496:
1495:First Apology
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475: AD 165
1471: AD 100
1464:
1458:
1449:
1445:
1444:Justin Martyr
1441:
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1060:Chateaubriand
1058:
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1038:
1036:
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931:
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926:
925:Gundissalinus
923:
921:
918:
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911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
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801:
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791:
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786:
783:
781:
778:
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773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
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723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
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708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
685:
684:
679:
674:
673:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
654:
651:
649:
646:
642:
639:
637:
634:
633:
632:
631:Scholasticism
629:
627:
624:
622:
621:Ressourcement
619:
617:
614:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
585:
584:
583:
580:
579:
573:
572:
565:
562:
558:
557:Compatibilism
555:
553:
550:
549:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
532:
528:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
503:Conceptualism
501:
500:
497:
492:
491:
484:
481:
479:
478:Virtue ethics
476:
474:
471:
467:
464:
463:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
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427:
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397:
372:
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365:
364:
360:
356:
355:
351:
347:
346:
338:
334:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
317:Second Coming
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
302:
299:Notable ideas
296:
293:
290:
284:
281:
278:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
258:
255:
254:
253:First Apology
250:
244:
240:
236:
233:
229:
226:
224:
220:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
196:
192:
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177:
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169:
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
121:
117:
112:
108:
104:
101:15th-century
98:
93:
89:Justin Martyr
85:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
28:
27:
22:
10132:
10115:
10098:
10086:from Commons
10081:
10060:
10041:Christianity
9962:Peter Kreeft
9910:21st century
9901:Henri Nouwen
9811:Jean Guitton
9791:Fulton Sheen
9719:20th century
9620:Jaime Balmes
9578:19th century
9399:Luis de León
9280:Geert Groote
9267:
9084:Peter Damian
8923:John Cassian
8863:Nestorianism
8785:
8780:
8768:
8761:
8744:
8722:Early Church
8512:Charismatics
8495:
8474:Gospel music
8404:Camp meeting
8396:1789–present
8328:Missionaries
8298:
8291:
8282:Menno Simons
8226:
8222:Church music
8073:
8044:
7929:Conciliarism
7914:Papal Schism
7756:Scandinavian
7648:Great Schism
7626:Nestorianism
7598:Christianity
7530:priest holes
7411:Chalcedonian
7374:Christianity
7328:Great Church
7295:
7136:Resurrection
6858:David Kaplan
6808:Contemporary
6789:Josiah Royce
6574:Olympiodorus
6489:Asclepigenia
6408:Chrysanthius
6267:
5870:
5852:
5829:
5809:
5786:
5766:
5757:
5741:
5730:
5708:
5697:
5687:
5677:
5667:
5650:
5629:
5601:
5589:
5584:
5573:
5562:
5551:
5540:
5529:
5518:
5507:
5496:
5485:
5474:
5463:
5452:
5441:
5433:
5424:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5378:
5373:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5352:
5343:
5338:
5329:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5299:. 16:11 and
5296:
5292:
5287:
5278:
5273:
5264:
5259:
5254:Homily XIII)
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5227:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5205:
5201:
5196:
5191:quotations."
5187:
5182:
5173:
5168:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5129:
5124:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5099:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5082:. 103:5 and
5079:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5021:
5017:
5012:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4961:. 32/35 and
4958:
4954:
4949:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4924:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4857:
4848:
4843:
4834:
4830:
4825:
4816:
4811:
4802:
4797:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4776:
4768:
4763:
4751:
4746:
4738:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4702:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4674:
4667:. Retrieved
4652:
4632:
4624:
4619:
4610:
4605:
4596:
4591:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4566:
4565:Aune (1987)
4561:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4501:
4496:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4447:
4439:. Retrieved
4432:
4412:
4401:
4396:
4385:
4381:
4376:
4348:
4342:
4328:
4320:
4311:
4292:
4286:
4266:
4259:
4226:
4220:
4212:
4203:
4192:
4184:
4180:
4172:
4168:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4139:
4134:
4125:
4111:
4096:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4070:
4062:
4058:
4047:
4035:. Retrieved
4031:the original
4024:
4015:
4006:
3989:
3985:
3973:. Retrieved
3969:
3960:
3951:
3936:
3931:
3923:
3918:
3909:
3901:
3900:J. Quasten,
3885:
3880:
3870:
3848:
3843:
3834:
3814:
3808:
3766:
3759:
3751:
3737:
3731:
3723:
3709:
3679:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3654:the original
3641:
3629:. Retrieved
3620:
3608:. Retrieved
3601:
3567:
3558:
3539:
3533:
3522:
3514:
3509:
3489:
3480:
3470:
3444:—similar to
3426:
3407:
3406:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3385:
3376:
3369:
3354:
3348:
3333:
3309:
3308:
3273:
3261:
3249:
3236:
3208:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3101:. 16:11 and
3098:
3096:
3091:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3034:
3030:
3010:
3008:
3003:
2992:
2985:
2972:
2930:
2922:
2896:
2888:
2876:
2861:river Jordan
2858:
2852:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2830:
2825:
2816:
2800:
2792:
2789:
2782:
2774:
2764:
2756:
2749:
2736:annunciation
2731:
2727:
2725:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2657:
2638:
2628:
2618:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2562:
2553:
2541:
2529:
2519:
2511:
2501:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2405:
2403:
2395:
2387:circumcision
2380:
2371:
2361:
2346:
2339:and others.
2330:
2327:
2307:
2303:
2288:
2278:
2263:
2254:
2243:Please help
2238:verification
2235:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2183:follows from
2178:
2174:
2172:
2157:
2148:
2133:Please help
2121:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2085:Lucius Verus
2070:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2046:
2029:
2019:
2013:
2006:
1986:
1980:
1972:
1962:
1951:original of
1943:
1928:
1920:
1913:
1907:The Psalmist
1906:
1899:
1890:
1883:
1874:
1861:
1835:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1751:
1724:
1714:
1699:philosopher
1678:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1624:
1622:
1580:
1532:
1493:
1491:
1478:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1300:John Paul II
1225:Benedict XVI
1198:Contemporary
779:
678:Philosophers
599:Cartesianism
542:Quinque Viae
251:
247:Notable work
231:
228:Philosophers
133:Roman Empire
76:
66:January 2023
63:
48:Please help
40:
9972:Tomáš Halík
9896:Jean Vanier
9881:René Girard
9866:Alfred Delp
9831:Yves Congar
9826:Karl Rahner
9801:Dorothy Day
9786:Edith Stein
9756:Ronald Knox
9354:John Fisher
9349:Thomas More
9326:Reformation
9218:Duns Scotus
9213:Ramon Llull
9206:and reforms
9194:Roger Bacon
9159:Bonaventure
9069:Roscellinus
8858:Pelagianism
8829:Constantine
8652:Key figures
8601:Catholicism
8538:Protestants
8532:Evangelical
8207:39 Articles
8202:Elizabethan
8179:Anglicanism
8159:Westminster
8069:Melanchthon
8032:Lutheranism
7997:Nicodemites
7975:Arminianism
7946:Reformation
7887:Bonaventure
7862:Inquisition
7857:Waldensians
7807:Investiture
7785:Kievan Rus'
7741:Anglo-Saxon
7721:Pelagianism
7713:Middle Ages
7636:Iconodulism
7511:Thomas More
7432:Catholicism
7354:Monasticism
7337:Constantine
7262:Persecution
7220:Adoptionism
7205:Ante-Nicene
7148:Holy Spirit
7131:Crucifixion
7102:Origins and
7003:2nd and 3rd
6920:Leo Strauss
6897:Continental
6863:Saul Kripke
6828:G. E. Moore
6762:Anne Conway
6685:Renaissance
6648:Bonaventure
6197:Clitomachus
6034:Aristonymus
4580:Memorabilia
4213:Scriptorium
3922:Skarsaune,
3475:philosophy.
3442:prep school
3439:New England
3366:Paul Parvis
3310:Greek texts
3205:Fulfillment
3027:Fall of Man
3023:Second Adam
2873:Holy Spirit
2771:Holy Spirit
2744:Isaiah 7:14
2707:Diatesseron
2587:Composition
2508:Greco-Roman
2343:Christology
2323:eschatology
1955:'s letter.
1931:St Irenaeus
1914:On the Soul
1898:A treatise
1764:on 1 June.
1637:Pythagorean
1633:Peripatetic
1559:Anglicanism
1533:Justin was
1516:incarnation
1487:philosopher
1115:Malebranche
975:Roscellinus
920:Grosseteste
880:Bonaventure
700:Athenagoras
496:Metaphysics
456:Personalism
451:Natural law
446:Probabilism
292:Apologetics
213:Anglicanism
209:Lutheranism
176:Anglicanism
172:Lutheranism
10158:165 deaths
10153:100 births
10147:Categories
10100:Quotations
9982:Scott Hahn
9359:Johann Eck
9011:Iconoclasm
8943:Pope Leo I
8803:Tertullian
8323:Revivalism
8244:Anabaptism
8192:Henry VIII
8017:Literature
7641:Iconoclasm
7621:Chrysostom
7574:Vatican II
7540:Jansenists
7526:Mass rocks
7462:Lateran IV
7381:Athanasius
7301:Tertullian
7245:Marcionism
7240:Gnosticism
7193:Revelation
7111:Background
6833:Kurt Gödel
6757:Henry More
6559:Simplicius
6378:Iamblichus
6142:Arcesilaus
6102:Xenocrates
6082:Speusippus
6058:Heraclides
5984:Platonists
5949:for 1 June
5947:Synaxarion
5898:Volume II
5862:B00086L640
5660:B0007ISJW6
5618:Literature
5407:. 54f and
4973:. In the
4669:10 October
4637:writings".
4582:(in Greek
4441:2 November
4187:, xlvi. 1.
4152:Josephus'
3786:1046449706
3663:8 November
3610:2 November
3501:References
3435:headmaster
3317:P.Oxy.5129
3262:Daniel's "
3252:Antichrist
3246:Antichrist
3015:prooftexts
2967:", while "
2845:temptation
2797:prooftexts
2767:the virgin
2716:prooftexts
2625:Apocalypse
2461:euangélion
2368:Heraclitus
2310:millennium
2211:Hegesippus
2097:in Jesus.
1846:Hippolytus
1832:Tertullian
1797:St. Justin
1754:remembered
1752:Justin is
1721:Veneration
1707:, and was
1473: – c.
1295:Hildebrand
1235:Chesterton
1100:La Mennais
1030:Bellarmine
1025:Azpilcueta
970:Paschasius
850:Autrecourt
805:Tertullian
765:Chrysostom
705:Athanasius
587:Victorines
518:Nominalism
426:Just price
327:Second Eve
58:Wikisource
9886:Hans Küng
9675:Léon Bloy
9665:Modernism
9518:Jansenism
9204:Mysticism
8798:Montanism
8489:Ecumenism
8439:Adventism
8429:Mormonism
8365:Millerism
8360:Methodism
8315:1640–1789
8217:Civil War
8164:Orthodoxy
8119:Huguenots
8101:Calvinism
8086:Eucharist
8081:Orthodoxy
7965:Eucharist
7897:Five Ways
7847:Dulcinian
7800:Pomerania
7726:Gregory I
7570:Vatican I
7560:Modernism
7545:Molinists
7535:Guadalupe
7406:Chalcedon
7401:Ephesus I
7391:Augustine
7267:Apostolic
7250:Montanism
7215:Diversity
6991:Centuries
6745:Cambridge
6613:Al-Farabi
6554:Damascius
6544:Zenodotus
6494:Hierocles
6463:Macrobius
6458:Augustine
6443:Antoninus
6393:Sosipatra
6338:Calcidius
6248:Antiochus
6202:Charmadas
6182:Carneades
6166:Hegesinus
6019:Aristotle
5999:Academics
5941:Orthodox
5813:. Brill.
5789:. Brill.
5654:. Brill.
5596:, p. 163.
5317:2 Clement
5155:, and of
5042:. 31–53."
4786:1 Apology
4728:. 61.4.."
4679:; in the
4550:Apologies
4245:cite book
4086:, iv. 18.
3821:, 2002).
3794:cite book
3326:Maran, P.
3270:Eucharist
3160:. 54 and
3121:2 Clement
3084:Patristic
3057:catechism
2995:Psalm 2:7
2988:. 103:5–6
2949:Zachariah
2869:baptizing
2650:by name.
2571:from the
2404:The 1913
2209:, i. 26;
2122:does not
2055:in 1551.
1999:Sisinnius
1939:St Jerome
1834:, in his
1782:Sacrofano
1739:feast day
1665:to Rome.
1641:Platonism
1588:, into a
1557:, and in
1457:romanized
1315:MacIntyre
1275:Gutiérrez
1245:Copleston
1215:Balthasar
1070:Descartes
930:Hildegard
915:Gregory I
890:Catherine
840:Alexander
790:Dionysius
710:Augustine
663:Salamanca
537:Haecceity
441:Casuistry
322:Last Adam
223:Patronage
183:Canonized
142:c. AD 165
122:c. AD 100
54:Wikiquote
41:contains
9418:Molinism
8996:Ecthesis
8948:Boethius
8853:Arianism
8843:Eusebius
8793:Irenaeus
8757:Polycarp
8671:Timeline
8581:Theology
8569:Missions
8564:Timeline
8536:Mainline
8484:Pacifism
8333:Baptists
8252:Theology
8212:Puritans
8187:Timeline
8129:Scotland
8057:Theology
7904:Wycliffe
7852:Crusades
7827:Bogomils
7780:Bulgaria
7736:Germanic
7688:Ethiopia
7586:Timeline
7364:Nicaea I
7359:Councils
7291:Irenaeus
7286:Ignatius
7281:Polycarp
7235:Donatism
7230:Docetism
7225:Arianism
7126:Ministry
6816:Analytic
6601:Medieval
6564:Priscian
6499:Syrianus
6468:Boethius
6423:Salutius
6403:Dexippus
6398:Aedesius
6373:Porphyry
6361:Students
6356:Plotinus
6318:Longinus
6293:Apuleius
6283:Alcinous
6263:Plutarch
6157:Telecles
6127:Skeptics
6039:Coriscus
5918:LibriVox
5850:(1875).
5807:(1987).
5627:(1987).
5366:Homilies
5242:Dem. Ev.
4979:Dialogue
4971:Dialogue
4969:and the
4677:Dialogue
4552:and his
4489:Dialogue
3996:Archived
3975:27 March
3305:Editions
3283:See also
3146:Dialogue
3105:. 76:5:
3011:Dialogue
2983:—
2965:apostate
2920:—
2886:—
2883:of ours.
2785:. 33:4–5
2780:—
2754:—
2680:Dialogue
2676:Dialogue
2607:Dialogue
2605:and the
2484:Dialogue
2476:Dialogue
2441:apostles
2399:Irenaeus
2364:Socrates
2067:Dialogue
1842:heretics
1828:Irenaeus
1803:Writings
1725:In 1882
1709:beheaded
1701:Crescens
1625:Dialogue
1535:martyred
1520:Socrates
1330:Maritain
1305:Lonergan
1285:Guardini
1210:Anscombe
1185:Caramuel
1095:Krasicki
1090:Kołłątaj
1045:Brentano
905:Eriugena
870:Berengar
818:Medieval
770:Climacus
750:Irenaeus
720:Boethius
715:Benedict
658:Analytic
626:Occamism
616:Molinism
594:Llullism
523:Quiddity
431:Just war
359:a series
357:Part of
199:1 June (
10015:Portals
9339:Erasmus
9189:Thomism
8928:Orosius
8903:Ambrose
8818:Cyprian
8746:Didache
8700:Vulgate
8659:General
8574:Martyrs
8370:Pietism
8300:Ausbund
8272:Müntzer
8197:Cranmer
8144:Baptism
8109:Zwingli
7960:Erasmus
7909:Avignon
7892:Aquinas
7882:Francis
7877:Dominic
7837:Cathars
7832:Bosnian
7822:Bernard
7817:Abelard
7790:Moravia
7775:Bohemia
7761:Iceland
7683:Serbian
7663:Georgia
7658:Armenia
7596:Eastern
7497:Jesuits
7173:Gospels
7121:Baptism
6702:Plethon
6638:Thierry
6633:Gilbert
6628:Bernard
6549:Agapius
6524:Isidore
6519:Marinus
6514:Proclus
6509:Aedesia
6504:Hermias
6477:Academy
6448:Hypatia
6383:Sopater
6368:Amelius
6298:Atticus
6278:Albinus
6161:Evander
6152:Lacydes
6112:Polemon
6107:Crantor
6024:Eudoxus
5991:Ancient
5907:at the
5417:Apology
5309:Ev. Jo.
5268:James."
5157:yisrael
5022:Apology
4975:Apology
4967:Apology
4681:Apology
4570:Though
4532:1 Apol.
4524:1 Apol.
4481:Apology
4425::
4037:16 June
3631:2 April
3594::
3170:Apology
2953:Satanas
2937:serpent
2931:...the
2837:baptism
2835:of the
2811:as the
2688:Messiah
2654:Letters
2597:Gospels
2493:Marcion
2488:1 Apol.
2480:1 Apol.
2457:gospels
2391:Sabbath
2383:Messiah
2319:Judaism
2280:Flacius
2207:Apology
2143:removed
2128:sources
1953:Hadrian
1945:Rufinus
1760:with a
1756:in the
1743:Paschal
1733:and an
1659:martyrs
1657:of the
1618:Gentile
1614:Judaism
1610:Aramaic
1602:Samaria
1598:Shechem
1545:, the
1541:by the
1459::
1340:Mounier
1335:McLuhan
1290:Haldane
1230:Blondel
1180:Vitoria
1155:Rosmini
1130:Mercado
1125:Meinong
1120:Mariana
1110:Maistre
1105:Liguori
1085:Gracián
1080:Fénelon
1075:Erasmus
1055:Cajetan
1040:Bossuet
1015:Arnauld
995:Thierry
950:Lombard
940:Isidore
900:Eckhart
885:Buridan
875:Bernard
855:Aquinas
825:Abelard
785:Maximus
760:Cassian
730:Cyprian
725:Clement
695:Ambrose
688:Ancient
653:Thomism
648:Scotism
576:Schools
527:essence
508:Realism
396:Aquinas
10029:Saints
9031:Alcuin
8913:Jerome
8808:Origen
8262:Grebel
8114:Calvin
8040:Luther
7934:Synods
7812:Anselm
7795:Poland
7751:Gothic
7746:Franks
7731:Celtic
7698:Russia
7678:Syriac
7668:Greece
7555:Teresa
7502:Xavier
7440:Papacy
7386:Jerome
7306:Origen
7207:period
6982:Spread
6677:Modern
6618:Anselm
6539:Hegias
6418:Julian
6328:Origen
6217:Cicero
6135:Middle
5900:online
5896:online
5860:
5836:
5817:
5793:
5774:
5750:
5715:
5702:online
5658:
5637:
5413:1 Apol
5405:1 Apol
5401:1 Apol
5397:1 Apol
5088:ad hoc
5040:1 Apol
4988:1 Apol
4959:1 Apol
4942:1 Apol
4938:1 Apol
4934:1 Apol
4917:1 Apol
4913:1 Apol
4896:1 Apol
4881:. 84."
4871:ad hoc
4867:1 Apol
4838:text."
4790:1 Apol
4726:1 Apol
4685:1 Apol
4660:
4576:memory
4526:66.3,
4477:Smyrna
4406:online
4390:online
4370:Pg 284
4299:
4274:
4233:
4103:
3943:
3825:
3784:
3774:
3744:
3716:
3686:
3546:
3446:Groton
3381:online
3166:1 Apol
3158:1 Apol
3138:1 Apol
3133:1 Apol
3129:1 Apol
3099:1 Apol
3068:1 Apol
3049:1 Apol
3019:Wisdom
2961:Syrian
2957:Hebrew
2925:. 88:8
2911:My Son
2907:Father
2899:Joseph
2891:. 88:3
2881:Christ
2863:where
2801:1 Apol
2783:1 Apol
2759:. 33:1
2757:1 Apol
2751:1:23).
2728:1 Apol
2702:Tatian
2690:, the
2619:1 Apol
2538:Papias
2465:1 Apol
2357:Christ
2284:Semler
2043:Mistra
1824:Tatian
1814:(1636)
1768:Relics
1735:Office
1729:had a
1689:Tatian
1673:Mosaic
1606:Hebrew
1594:Nablus
1549:, the
1440:Justin
1360:Taylor
1350:Rahner
1345:Pieper
1325:Marion
1320:Marcel
1280:Dávila
1270:Girard
1265:Gilson
1250:Finnis
1240:Congar
1220:Barron
1170:Suárez
1150:Pascal
1145:Newman
1135:Molina
1065:Cortés
1050:Botero
1035:Bonald
1008:Modern
990:Symeon
980:Scotus
965:Oresme
960:Ockham
955:Martin
845:Anselm
835:Alcuin
830:Albert
795:Origen
780:Justin
755:Jerome
531:nature
414:Ethics
404:Ockham
402:, and
400:Scotus
387:
379:
275:School
149:Italia
129:Judaea
10117:Texts
10083:Media
10053:Books
8496:solae
8494:Five
8287:Smyth
8139:TULIP
8062:Bible
7770:Slavs
7673:Egypt
7631:Icons
7482:Trent
7472:Leo X
7369:Creed
6273:Gaius
6014:Plato
5236:Strom
5232:Strom
5153:satan
4528:Dial.
4519:Dial.
4185:Haer.
4163:i. 26
4063:Haer.
3829:p.28.
3819:Brill
3657:(PDF)
3650:(PDF)
3462:Notes
3437:of a
3357:, ed
3330:Migne
2941:Moses
2933:Devil
2903:David
2554:Dial.
2550:Peter
2445:Greek
2433:Jesus
2376:Logos
2372:Apol.
2353:Stoic
1949:Latin
1916:; and
1697:cynic
1629:Stoic
1600:, in
1590:Greek
1539:saint
1524:Plato
1512:Logos
1448:Greek
1355:Stein
1310:Lubac
1260:Geach
1205:Adler
1160:Sales
1020:Ávila
985:Siger
945:Llull
910:Giles
860:Bacon
735:Cyril
307:Logos
195:Feast
84:Saint
10134:Data
9001:Bede
8730:Paul
8546:left
8544:and
8534:and
8384:and
8382:Neo-
8149:Dort
8134:Knox
7980:Wars
7572:and
7528:and
7521:Wars
7178:Acts
7093:21st
7088:20th
7083:19th
7078:18th
7073:17th
7068:16th
7063:15th
7058:14th
7053:13th
7048:12th
7043:11th
7038:10th
6159:and
6060:and
6041:and
5945:and
5943:Icon
5858:ASIN
5834:ISBN
5815:ISBN
5791:ISBN
5772:ISBN
5748:ISBN
5713:ISBN
5692:text
5656:ASIN
5635:ISBN
5409:Dial
5362:Apol
5301:Dial
5297:Apol
5228:Apol
5224:Apol
5206:Apol
5149:Dial
5117:Dial
5113:Dial
5109:Dial
5092:Dial
5084:Dial
5080:Dial
5076:Dial
5058:Dial
4963:Dial
4879:Dial
4722:Dial
4671:2023
4658:ISBN
4443:2013
4297:ISBN
4272:ISBN
4251:link
4231:ISBN
4142:and
4101:ISBN
4039:2019
3977:2021
3941:ISBN
3823:ISBN
3800:link
3782:OCLC
3772:ISBN
3742:ISBN
3714:ISBN
3684:ISBN
3665:2012
3633:2011
3612:2013
3544:ISBN
3162:Dial
3142:Apol
3103:Dial
3053:Dial
3031:Dial
3009:The
2986:Dial
2978:Adam
2959:and
2947:and
2923:Dial
2889:Dial
2867:was
2865:John
2849:Dial
2841:Dial
2738:and
2732:Dial
2639:Dial
2635:John
2546:Mark
2366:and
2126:any
2124:cite
2083:and
2065:The
1937:and
1919:The
1882:The
1860:The
1848:and
1787:The
1731:Mass
1685:Rome
1608:and
1565:Life
1522:and
1485:and
1175:Vico
1165:Soto
1140:More
935:Hugh
895:Cusa
865:Bede
800:Paul
145:Rome
139:Died
119:Born
103:icon
8091:Art
7949:and
7924:Hus
7487:Art
7033:9th
7028:8th
7023:7th
7018:6th
7013:5th
7008:4th
6998:1st
6175:New
6007:Old
5916:at
5333:7."
3347:In
3127:.
3092:Hom
3066:in
2969:nas
2945:Job
2939:by
2917:'."
2704:'s
2573:LXX
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2247:by
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