Judiciary of New York

271: 874:

City, an Administrator (or Administrative Judge if a judge) is responsible for supervising all courts and agencies, while inside New York City an Administrator (or Administrative Judge) supervises each major court. Administrators are assisted by Supervising Judges who are responsible in the on-site management of the trial courts, including court caseloads, personnel, and budget administration, and each manage a particular type of court within a county or judicial district. District Executives (outside New York City) and Chief Clerks (inside New York City) assist the local administrators in carrying out their responsibilities for supervising the day-to-day operations of the trial courts. The district administrative offices are responsible for personnel, purchasing, budgets, revenue, computer automation, court interpreters, court security, and case management.

878: 514: 1025:. Judges of the Court of Claims are appointed in the same manner, without the requirement of a commission recommendation. All other justices are elected, with the exception of those of the New York City Criminal Courts, New York City Family Court, and some other city courts, which are appointed by the mayor. Supreme Court justices are nominated by judicial district nominating conventions (with judicial delegates themselves elected from assembly districts), while New York City Civil Court and Surrogate's Court judges are nominated in primary elections. 60: 381: 1260: 833: 687: 1103: 5011: 31: 1337:, and unsecured bonds, which do not require any up front payment. The Court of Appeals ruled in 1991 that most people arrested must be released if they are not arraigned within 24 hours, and in 2013, for the first time since 2001, the average time it took to arraign defendants fell below 24 hours in all five boroughs of New York City. But there have been accusations of systematic trial delays, especially with regards to the 1029:

city court judges serve six-year terms. District Court judges are elected to six-year terms. Justice court justices are elected to four-year terms. The majority of justice court justices are not attorneys, and non-attorney justices must successfully complete a certification course and participate in continuing judicial education. New York City Criminal Court judges are appointed by the

1528:

Article VI, § 10. "a. The county court is continued in each county outside the city of New York. There shall be at least one judge of the county court in each county and such number of additional judges in each county as may be provided by law. The judges shall be residents of the county and shall be

1143:

by one of the Appellate Division departments rather than by the Court of Appeals, though once admitted to any of the Appellate Division departments the attorney is admitted to practice and appear before all New York courts, including the Court of Appeals. Applicants must be interviewed in person by a

1037:

Once a judge is elected or appointed, the Chief Judge, in consultation with the Chief Administrative Judge, Administrative Judges, Supervising Judges and the Presiding Justice of the relevant Appellate Division, assigns judges to a court and a part, not necessarily the court and county in which they

1392:

Historically, county superior courts—like New York's county-by-county Supreme Court—were the highest level of trial court, overseeing a network of inferior trial courts (e.g., municipal courts, recorder's courts, courts of referees and commissioners), the decisions of which could be appealed within

1363:

as one of America's most corrupt judicial systems. New York's judicial nominating conventions have been criticized as opaque, brief and dominated by county party leaders. When one New York judge brought an unsuccessful challenge to the constitutionality of the state's judicial nomination system to

1028:

Family Court judges serve 10-year terms; those outside New York City are elected, while those in New York City are appointed to by the Mayor. Surrogates serve 14-year terms within New York City and 10-year terms elsewhere in the state. Full-time city court judges serve 10-year terms, and part-time

975:

All courts, except justice courts (town and village courts), are financed by the state in a single court budget. During 2009, the judiciary had approximately 1300 judges, 4.6 million new cases, and a budget in excess of $ 2.5 billion. As of 2015 it had a $ 2 billion budget, 3,600 state and locally

1383:

In her 1999 State of the Judiciary address, Chief Judge Judith Kaye called the system of New York trial courts "absurdly complex difficult to understand, hard to navigate and a burden to administer" and endorsed a proposal for a two-tier trial court structure with a statewide Supreme Court and a

711:

department panels are binding on the lower courts in that department, and also on lower courts in other departments unless there is contrary authority from the Appellate Division of that department. Decisions by the Supreme Court, Appellate Term must be followed by courts whose appeals lie to it.

467:

has exclusive jurisdiction over certain matters involving minors, including juvenile delinquency charges, status offenses, child abuse and neglect, termination of parental rights, adoption, and guardianships. It also handles aspects of domestic relations disputes including child support and child

1332:

procedures have been criticized. For example, New York is one of only four states that does not allow judges to consider public safety when making a bail determination. And almost without exception, New York judges only set two kinds of bail at arraignment, straight cash or commercial bail bond,

873:

The court system is currently divided into thirteen judicial districts: seven upstate districts each comprising between five and eleven counties, five districts corresponding to the boroughs or counties of New York City, and one district on Long Island. In each judicial district outside New York

575:

matters. They also arraign defendants accused of felonies. These courts may hear civil lawsuits involving claims of up to $ 3,000 (including small claims cases of up to $ 3,000). Unlike all other courts, which are state funded, the town and village justice courts are locally funded. Justices are

358:

is the state's highest court. In civil cases, appeals are taken almost exclusively from decisions of the Appellate Divisions. In criminal cases, depending on the type of case and the part of the state in which it arose, appeals can be heard from decisions of the Appellate Division, the Appellate

371:

is the state's second-highest court, and is regionally divided into four judicial departments. It primarily hears appeals from the superior courts in civil cases, the Supreme Court in criminal cases, and the County Court in felony criminal cases in the Third and Fourth Judicial Departments. In

1082:) have the right to juries selected from a fair cross section of the community and that all eligible citizens shall have both the opportunity and the obligation to serve. Potential jurors are randomly selected from lists of registered voters, holders of a driver's licenses or ID issued by the 1033:

to 10-year terms from a list of candidates submitted by the Mayor's Advisory Committee on the Judiciary. New York City Civil Court judges are elected from districts to 10-year terms, with vacancies filled by the mayor and service continuing until the last day of December after next election.

410:

cases; outside New York City, these cases are generally heard in the County Court. The Supreme Court hears civil cases seeking money damages that exceed the monetary limits of the local courts' jurisdiction. The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over most cases in which a party seeks

1007: 1274:

The county clerk acts as clerk of the Supreme Court, Civil Branch, and commissioner of jurors for the Supreme Court for both the Civil and Criminal branches. They summon people for jury duty, keep court records, and collect revenue. They are appointed by the presiding justice of the

823:

The judiciary's 2014–2015 budget request stated that the "expansion of electronic filing continues as a high priority", and stated that it launched a new website that permits the public to order criminal history searches for which it collects $ 92 million annually.

1301:

A court attorney is a lawyer who works with and assists the judge by researching legal questions and helping to write decisions. The court attorney may also meet with the attorneys or parties to a case to try to reach an agreement without the need for a trial.

576:

chosen by local election and are not required to have a law degree, license to practice or any other formal legal or law enforcement training, although upon election they are provided with training and are subject to an annual continuing education requirement.

1416:, by the constitution of 1821, were abolished and replaced by the district benches of the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals was established in July 1847, consisting of four statewide elected judges and four justices chosen annually from the Supreme Court. 1065:

Along with the unusual names for the courts, judges in the Supreme Court and the justice courts are called justices, while in the Court of Appeals and in other courts such as the Family Court, County Court, and Surrogates' courts, they are called judges.

858:. In addition, the Chief Judge establishes standards and administrative policies after consultation with the Administrative Board and approval by the Court of Appeals. The Administrative Board is composed of the chief judge and presiding justices of each 4012: 2039:(enacted August 31, 2015). "Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no paper or document that is filed by electronic means in a criminal proceeding in supreme court or county court shall be available for public inspection on-line. " 533:

are the local courts in the 5 boroughs of New York City. Some city courts have small claims parts for the informal disposition of matters involving claims of up to $ 5,000 and/or housing parts to handle landlord-tenant matters and housing

655:

In the 1st and 2nd Departments: the New York City Civil Court, New York City Criminal Court, other City Courts, District Court, Town Justice Courts, Village Justice Courts, and County Court non-felony criminal cases appeal to the

1243:

article 18-B). For a comparison of relative activity in 2009 in New York City, legal aid societies handled 290,251 cases, of which 568 went to trial, whereas 18-B lawyers represented 42,212 defendants of which 623 went to trial.

1251:(MHLS) provides legal representation, advice, and assistance to mentally disabled persons under the care or jurisdiction of state-operated or licensed facilities concerning their admission, retention, care, or treatment. 1297:

Support magistrates hear support cases (petitions filed seeking support for a child or spouse) and paternity cases (petitions filed requesting the court to enter an order declaring someone to be the father of a child).

866:(or Chief Administrative Judge if a judge) is appointed by the Chief Judge with the advice and consent of the Administrative Board and oversees the administration and operation of the court system, assisted by the 1055: 5364: 727:

contain the opinions, memorandums, and motions sent by the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court Appellate Division, respectively. The appellate term and trial court opinions are published selectively in the

563:(town and village courts) try misdemeanors and lesser offenses in towns and villages. These courts are the starting point for all criminal cases outside cities, and handle a variety of other matters including 1053:

receives complaints, investigates, and makes initial determinations regarding judicial conduct and may recommend admonition, censure, or removal from office to the Chief Judge and Court of Appeals. The

5354: 450:

and Supreme Court operate in place of a typical County Court). In many counties, this court primarily hears criminal cases (whereas the Supreme Court primarily hears civil cases), and usually only

612:

that conducts administrative hearings, overseeing the operations of four tribunals: the OATH Tribunal, the Environmental Control Board, the Health Tribunal, and the Taxi & Limousine Tribunal.

1129: 4031: 1820: 937: 922: 723: 1022: 87: 83: 1470: 79: 730: 1239:

is run by county governments. Each county must provide representation by any combination of a public defender, legal aid society, and/or panel of qualified lawyers (pursuant to

1529:

chosen by the electors of the county. b. The terms of the judges of the county court shall be ten years from and including the first day of January next after their election."

1290:

monitor substance abuse program defendants, conduct pre-trial suppression hearings and make recommended findings of fact and law to sitting judges. JHOs are appointed by the

1160: 399:. (Unlike in most other states, the Supreme Court is a trial court and is not the highest court in the state.) There is a branch of the New York Supreme Court in each of 1423:

had been established in 1686 in New York City, extended in 1691 throughout the state, had been again restricted to New York City in 1846, and was abolished in 1895. The

5046: 1352:

found that the county public defender system provided "an unconstitutional level of representation impugning the fairness of New York's criminal justice system". The

605: 918: 372:

addition, in civil cases it may hear appeals from the appellate terms of the Supreme Court when these courts have heard appeals from one of the lower trial courts.

4914: 3925: 3484: 498:

hears actions seeking monetary damages against the State of New York itself. The judges are appointed by the Governor subject to confirmation by the State Senate.

1427:

was established by the New York State Constitution of 1777 and was split from the Court for the Correction of Errors upon that court's disestablishment in 1846.

948:

is responsible for surveying current practice in the administration of the state's courts, compiling statistics, and suggesting legislation and regulations. The

3190: 2982: 4276: 1248: 1356:

has claimed that public defenders in New York are so overworked and overmatched that poor people essentially receive no legal aid in local criminal courts.

929:

and is required to publish every opinion, memorandum, and motion sent to it by the Court of Appeals and the Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court in the

1059: 4286: 1227:'s Legal Bureau has a memorandum of understanding with the district attorneys, at least in Manhattan, allowing the NYPD to selectively prosecute them. 1167:

that investigate complaints of attorney misconduct and may issue reprimands or recommend censure, suspension, or disbarment to the Appellate Division.

1149: 931: 717: 423:

actions, or proceedings for review of many administrative-agency rulings. The court also has exclusive jurisdiction over matrimonial actions seeking a

171: 3463: 525:

City courts handle the arraignment of felonies, try misdemeanors and lesser offenses, and try civil lawsuits involving claims of up to $ 15,000. The

641: 4238: 863: 1219:

District attorneys are legally permitted to delegate the prosecution of petty crimes or offenses. For example, prosecutors do not normally handle

285:

In general, the judicial system is composed of the appellate courts and the trial courts, consisting of the superior courts and the local courts.

5390: 3824: 3526: 3029: 3547: 5039: 4123: 4045: 3358: 2781: 2746: 2583: 2457: 2203: 2175: 2150: 2108: 2009: 1050: 1038:

were elected or appointed, including to the Supreme Court (but not its Appellate Division or Appellate Term) as Acting Supreme Court Judges.

867: 17: 1341:. There have also been allegations that excessive pre-trial detention and systematic trial delays are used to pressure defendants to accept 4924: 4281: 4261: 2961: 1424: 1405: 1014: 945: 841: 616: 1049:

adopted by the New York State Bar Association, and the relevant rules of the respective Appellate Division departments. The eleven-member

3505: 3383: 1609: 598: 346:

There are also other tribunals that are not normally considered part of the New York State Unified Court System or the judiciary proper.

3304: 4082: 3071: 1276: 859: 708: 368: 220: 75: 3726: 5032: 1113: 1083: 4313: 3003: 2622: 2332: 952:

serves as a statewide center for the education, training, and research facility for judges, justices, and other personnel. In the

3258: 3248: 2879: 3609: 5385: 4864: 1631: 164: 1021:

Judges of the Court of Appeals are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of Senate upon recommendation of the

5328: 4266: 4016: 3870: 3698: 3324: 3266: 3209: 2905: 2823: 2810: 2724: 2673: 2645: 2390: 2378: 2366: 2354: 1731: 1525: 855: 4213: 4128: 2624:

Judicial Selection Methods in the State of New York: A Guide to Understanding and Getting Involved in the Selection Process

2334:

Judicial Selection Methods in the State of New York: A Guide to Understanding and Getting Involved in the Selection Process

1342: 1338: 648:

The Supreme Court, County Court civil and felony cases, Family Court, Surrogate's Court, and Court of Claims appeal to the

508: 255: 4193: 1441: 1121: 1086:, New York state income tax filers, recipients of unemployment insurance or family assistance, and from volunteers. The 435:

of a marriage. In several counties the Supreme Court has a specialized Commercial Division that hears commercial cases.

4992: 4233: 4138: 3833: 3690: 2448: 279: 5112: 3903: 3798: 2835: 2555: 1965: 1910: 1566: 1291: 1207: 1191: 949: 817: 259: 157: 5336: 4982: 4148: 4133: 3649: 3442: 3115: 1216:

for four-year terms, whose duty it is to prosecute all crimes and offenses cognizable by the courts of the county.

1106: 624: 553:

felonies and tries misdemeanors and lesser offenses, as well as civil lawsuits involving claims of up to $ 15,000,

1981: 1926: 5297: 4188: 1224: 1203: 1163:), and rules adopted by each department of the Appellate Division. Each department of the Appellate Division has 355: 3421: 4957: 4298: 4228: 4173: 4075: 3998: 3934: 3921: 3172: 2849: 2836: 1987: 1932: 1436: 1420: 1353: 1199: 1195: 1171: 193: 1376:, remarking on numerous occasions: 'The Constitution does not prohibit legislatures from enacting stupid laws. 1333:

while other options exist such as partially secured bonds, which only require a tenth of the full amount as a

4794: 4401: 4293: 4163: 4158: 4007: 3985: 3402: 3305:"Daily News analysis finds racial disparities in summonses for minor violations in 'broken windows' policing" 3232: 3225: 3221: 3090: 2931: 2917: 2685: 2631: 2618: 2603: 2522: 2509: 2496: 2495: 2401: 2394: 2341: 2328: 2313: 2128: 2029: 1305: 1264: 1240: 1179: 1091: 1075: 985: 472: 140: 49: 3990: 3752: 3588: 3282: 2228: 877: 4919: 4876: 4804: 4587: 4559: 4248: 4218: 4208: 1283: 1220: 756: 692: 663:

In the 3rd and 4th Departments: City Courts, Town Justice Courts, and Village Justice Courts appeal to the

526: 447: 333: 244: 224: 116: 1316:), and enforce state and city laws at all facilities operated by the New York State Unified Court System. 5344: 5262: 5227: 4934: 4859: 4779: 4707: 4692: 4597: 4178: 4153: 4115: 3146: 2049: 854:

Chief Judge of New York. The Chief Judge supervises the seven-judge Court of Appeals and is chair of the

785: 609: 5302: 5207: 5167: 4904: 4896: 4809: 4677: 4461: 4366: 4356: 4331: 4223: 1397: 953: 385: 3837: 3105: 5267: 5257: 5252: 5232: 4972: 4909: 4844: 4834: 4814: 4799: 4789: 4739: 4672: 4667: 4647: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4607: 4572: 4198: 4143: 4068: 3633: 1409: 808:(e-filing) system used in the New York State Unified Court System. E-filing in criminal cases in the 700: 594: 530: 443: 400: 329: 275: 240: 212: 112: 69: 3924:

Committee on Legal Education and Admission to the Bar; NYSBA Membership Committee (September 2012).

3754: 5359: 5182: 5097: 4881: 4829: 4824: 4754: 4744: 4729: 4697: 4657: 4612: 4602: 4500: 4396: 4271: 4183: 2246: 619:, often referred to as the Impeachment Court or sometimes as the High Court of Impeachment, is for 546: 495: 270: 135: 106: 35: 820:, but it is unlawful for such documents to be made available to the public online through NYSCEF. 601:

that adjudicates non-criminal traffic violations (other than parking violations) in New York City.

239:

criminal cases. There are a number of local courts in different parts of the state, including the

5217: 5212: 5087: 5015: 4854: 4849: 4819: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4749: 4734: 4719: 4702: 4662: 4652: 4592: 4582: 4567: 4491: 4341: 4303: 3994: 3981: 3862: 3589:"Accused of Stealing a Backpack, High School Student Jailed for Nearly Three Years Without Trial" 2500: 2242: 1721: 1446: 1413: 805: 789: 676: 628: 560: 542: 538: 121: 2947: 2617: 1144:

member of the Appellate Division department's Character and Fitness Committee after passing the

5307: 5272: 5177: 5152: 4886: 4871: 4839: 4712: 4687: 4642: 3155: 2839:

Committee on Legal Education and Admission to the Bar; NYSBA Membership Committee (June 2018).

2272: 1287: 1030: 809: 781: 476: 396: 312: 101: 93: 3889: 3856: 3684: 3050: 2539: 1951: 1896: 1552: 442:

operates in each county except for the five counties of New York City (in those counties, the

5292: 5242: 5197: 5187: 5172: 5162: 5147: 5127: 5102: 5092: 5082: 4637: 4505: 4473: 2224: 965: 926: 813: 513: 464: 439: 380: 232: 227:

is the trial court of general jurisdiction in civil cases statewide and in criminal cases in

145: 3252: 2840: 1687: 1659: 1282:

Judicial hearing officers (JHOs) adjudicate most universal summons (summons court) cases in

712:

Published trial court decisions are persuasive authority for all other courts in the state.

640:

As New York has 11 separate trial courts, and some courts appeal differently based on which

5312: 5287: 5192: 5132: 5107: 5077: 5067: 4962: 4482: 4386: 4321: 4256: 4168: 3732: 3354: 991: 586: 420: 205: 976:

paid judges and over 15,000 nonjudicial employees in over 300 locations around the state.

707:

on all other courts, and persuasive authority for itself in later cases. Decisions of the

8: 5247: 5202: 5142: 5117: 5072: 4549: 4530: 4515: 4406: 3654: 3309: 3055: 2966: 2417: 1983:

Report on the Progress Toward Implementing Statewide Electronic Filing in New York Courts

1928:

Report on the Progress Toward Implementing Statewide Electronic Filing in New York Courts

3943: 2579: 5277: 5157: 5122: 4967: 4535: 4520: 4336: 4027: 3669: 3552: 3531: 3510: 3489: 3468: 3447: 3405: 3388: 3228: 3076: 3034: 1605: 1369: 1325: 1124:

promulgates standards for law school education (which defer to the requirements of the

262:, other administrative judges, the Office of Court Administration, and other agencies. 223:

of the New York State Supreme Court is the principal intermediate appellate court. The

3628: 3093: 2397: 2032: 5349: 5282: 5237: 5137: 4977: 4487: 4326: 3949: 3909: 3899: 3876: 3866: 3812: 3804: 3794: 3763: 3753:

New York State Special Commission on the Future of the New York State Courts (2007),

3704: 3694: 3607: 3568: 3426: 3262: 3235: 3127: 3008: 2561: 2551: 2461: 1961: 1906: 1727: 1660:"The Practice of Law in New York State: An Introduction For Newly Admitted Attorneys" 1632:"A court system for the future: the promise of court restructuring in New York State" 1572: 1562: 1396:

The constitution of 1846 made several changes to the organization of the courts. The

1373: 1365: 1213: 620: 201: 59: 3173:"Presiding Justice Announces the Appointment of the County Clerk of New York County" 2934: 2920: 2606: 2131: 788:. Many counties use the New York State Courts Electronic Filing System (NYSCEF) for 5322: 5024: 4510: 4496: 4469: 4451: 4446: 4436: 4411: 4391: 4371: 4351: 4346: 4105: 4095: 4040: 4022: 3927:

The Practice of Law in New York State: An Introduction For Newly-Admitted Attorneys

3756:

A Court System for the Future: The Promise of Court Restructuring in New York State

3123: 3119: 3110: 2842:

The Practice of Law in New York State: An Introduction For Newly-Admitted Attorneys

2688: 2525: 2404: 2316: 2171: 2036: 1957: 1902: 1286:, assist in Criminal Court compliance parts in domestic violence cases, and in the 1145: 840:

The Judiciary of New York is a unified state court system that functions under the

428: 254:

actions are 25% of all lawsuits in state courts. The system is administered by the

3283:"Caseload and Trial Capacity Issues in the Criminal Court of the City of New York" 4952: 4540: 1236: 1175: 1133: 1117: 777: 251: 4003: 3785: 2146: 957: 4987: 4947: 4544: 4477: 3593: 3573: 3195: 2987: 2875: 1259: 761: 568: 2005: 1128:

pertaining to legal education and prerequisites to the study of law), and the

832: 5379: 4784: 4525: 4421: 4376: 3767: 3131: 1816: 1688:"Justice most local: the future of town and village courts in New York State" 1312:

who provide police services to the New York State Unified Court System (i.e.

1309: 228: 216: 4036: 3816: 2469: 2465: 1212:

All counties (including each of the five counties of New York City) elect a

4997: 4361: 4203: 3953: 3191:"Justice Tingling, Who Struck Down 'Soda Ban,' Named New York County Clerk" 2772: 2737: 2241: 1880: 1401: 1334: 1268: 765: 564: 554: 484: 412: 2223: 2104: 1865: 4431: 4416: 4381: 3977: 3722: 1349: 1010: 941:, respectively. The State Reporter is appointed by the Court of Appeals. 793: 769: 550: 2247:

2022 Annual Report of the New York State Standing Committee on Judiciary

4426: 4091: 3111:

Laws of the State of New York Passed at the Sessions of the Legislature

2547: 1558: 1087: 1079: 969: 848: 686: 416: 3608:

Commission on the Future of Indigent Defense Services (18 June 2006),

2297: 2295: 2293: 2199: 1991: 1936: 1102: 557:

and small commercial claims up to $ 5000, and landlord-tenant actions.

4724: 4577: 3527:"For 3 Years After Killing, Evidence Fades as a Suspect Sits in Jail" 1588: 1586: 1140: 961: 704: 518: 432: 389: 317:

specialized courts (Family Court, Surrogate's Court, Court of Claims)

4060: 3894:. Reference Guides to the State Constitutions of the United States. 4682: 4441: 3895: 3464:"Ruling Forces New York to Release Or Arraign Suspects in 24 Hours" 2753: 2727:§ 101.1; "There shall be an Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics " 2290: 1408:

was abolished and jurisdiction over appeals was transferred to the

1360: 804:

The New York State Courts Electronic Filing System (NYSCEF) is the

773: 589:

that are not considered part of the judicial branch of government.

488: 215:, sitting in Albany and consisting of seven judges, is the state's 30: 3880: 3808: 3708: 1583: 1062:

issues confidential advisory opinions regarding judicial conduct.

3548:"Even for Minor Crimes in Bronx, No Guarantee of Getting a Trial" 1576: 1313: 995: 799: 480: 424: 3913: 3290:

The Record of the Association of the Bar of the City of New York

1006: 881:

Map of the departments of the Supreme Court, Appellate Division

644:

they are located in, the sequence of appeals is fairly complex:

4942: 4774: 3030:"Holder Backs Suit in New York Faulting Legal Service for Poor" 2962:"Judge: NYPD can act as prosecutor in Black Lives Matter cases" 2565: 572: 451: 407: 236: 2705: 1720:

Birnbaum, Edward L.; Belen, Ariel E.; Grasso, Carl T. (2012).

1495: 468:

custody (although only the Supreme Court can grant a divorce).

3303:

Ryley, Sarah; Bult, Laura; Gregorian, Dareh (4 August 2014).

2856: 2693: 406:

In New York City, the Supreme Court in each county hears all

197: 2793: 2791: 2656: 2654: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1782: 1780: 483:

and related matters, and also has jurisdiction over certain

3970: 3355:"New York City Family Court -- Who's Who in the Courtroom?" 3136:

Chapter 789, enacted 1 August 1985, effective 1 April 1986.

1485: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1329: 2774:

New York State Unified Court System Grand Juror's Handbook

2739:

New York State Unified Court System Trial Juror's Handbook

606:

New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings

362: 3485:"New York Courts Cut Time Between Arrest and Arraignment" 2983:"Occupy Wall Street Judge Refuses to Throw Out Summonses" 2886: 2788: 2651: 2253: 2080: 2061: 1846: 1834: 1792: 1777: 517:

100 Centre Street Criminal Courts Building, connected to

3611:

Final Report to the Chief Judge of the State of New York

3004:"Protesters Sue to Stop NYPD from Acting as Prosecutors" 2499:

Special Committee to Encourage Judicial Service (2012).

1532: 1507: 1476: 4055: 4049: 3051:"Upstate trial could change course for defense of poor" 2876:"New Attorney Rules of Professional Conduct Announced" 2771: 2759: 2736: 1950:

Miller, Roger LeRoy; Meinzinger, Mary (25 June 2013).

3823: 3673:, 552 U.S. 196, 209 (2008) (Stevens, J., concurring). 2301: 1592: 972:

on the judicial branch, both state and local courts.

487:

matters (concurrent with the Supreme Court) and over

395:

The court of general jurisdiction in New York is the

5054: 3384:"Top Judge Says Bail in New York Isn't Safe or Fair" 3023: 3021: 3019: 1895:

Miller, Roger LeRoy; Meinzinger, Mary (2013-06-25).

1060:

New York State Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics

3440: 2035:(2)(d)(ii), as amended/added by chapter 237 of the 1753:, 102 A.D.2d 663, 476 N.Y.S.2d 918 (2d Dept. 1984). 1719: 1078:states that all litigants (who have the right to a 1058:administers financial disclosure requirements. The 1045:promulgated by the Chief Administrative Judge, the 3891:The New York State Constitution: A Reference Guide 3330: 3302: 1150:Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination 3415: 3413: 3016: 2621:Council on Judicial Administration (March 2014). 2331:Council on Judicial Administration (March 2014). 1726:(6th ed.). James Publishing. pp. 1–23. 1155:Lawyers are regulated by various state laws, the 5377: 2450:The New York State Courts: An Introductory Guide 2443: 2441: 2439: 1949: 1894: 27:Judicial branch of the New York state government 3920: 3776: 3670:New York State Bd. of Elections v. Lopez Torres 1501: 1393:the trial court system to the superior courts. 491:proceedings (concurrent with the Family Court). 4023:New York State Courts Electronic Filing System 3629:"In Brooklyn, fixing a 'corrupt' court system" 3410: 2051:State of New York Judiciary Budget: FY 2014-15 2006:"New York State Courts Electronic Filing FAQs" 1762:28 NY Jur 2d, Courts and Judges § 220, at 274 1348:In 2006 a commission appointed by Chief Judge 1152:, New York Law Course, and New York Law Exam. 1056:Ethics Commission for the Unified Court System 800:New York State Courts Electronic Filing System 454:as lesser crimes are handled by local courts. 321:And the inferior courts are the local courts: 5040: 4076: 3506:"Courts in Slow Motion, Aided by the Defense" 3359:New York State Office of Court Administration 3292:, vol. 54, no. 6, p. 771, 1999 2782:New York State Office of Court Administration 2747:New York State Office of Court Administration 2584:New York State Office of Court Administration 2458:New York State Office of Court Administration 2436: 2273:"Chief Administrative Judge A. Gail Prudenti" 2204:New York State Office of Court Administration 2176:New York State Office of Court Administration 2172:"Court Administration - Local Administrators" 2151:New York State Office of Court Administration 2109:New York State Office of Court Administration 2010:New York State Office of Court Administration 1051:New York State Commission on Judicial Conduct 165: 3855:Galie, Peter J.; Bopst, Christopher (2012). 3482: 3148:New York State bill jackets - L-1985-CH-0789 2644:New York Constitution, Article VI, § 26. 22 1372:: "s I recall my esteemed former colleague, 1090:is organized pursuant to article 190 of the 946:Judicial Conference of the State of New York 842:Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals 617:New York Court for the Trial of Impeachments 3784:Gibson, Ellen M.; Manz, William H. (2004). 3167: 3165: 2243:NYS Assembly Standing Committee on Judicary 1715: 1713: 1711: 1610:New York State Department of Motor Vehicles 1112:The Court of Appeals promulgates rules for 846: 5047: 5033: 4083: 4069: 3854: 3783: 3349: 3347: 3345: 2892: 2862: 2797: 2711: 2699: 2660: 2259: 2225:NYS Senate Standing Committee on Judiciary 2091: 2074: 1882:Article 16, Civil Practice Law & Rules 1852: 1840: 1803: 1786: 1774:, 188 Misc.2d 489, 729 N.Y.S.2d 286 (2001) 1749:, 66 N.Y.2d 473, 497 N.Y.S.2d 890 (1985); 1538: 1513: 1489: 1404:was transferred to the Supreme Court. The 709:New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division 369:New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division 172: 158: 3648:Williams, Milton L. (19 September 2012). 3566: 3545: 3524: 3503: 3106:"An Act to amend the mental hygiene law…" 2980: 1867:Article 2, Civil Practice Law & Rules 1550: 1319: 541:is the local criminal and civil court in 3793:(3rd ed.). Wm. S. Hein Publishing. 3647: 3483:McKinley Jr., James C. (19 March 2014). 3381: 3162: 2540:"The Government of New York State Today" 2491: 2489: 2194: 2192: 2141: 2139: 1708: 1258: 1101: 1005: 968:, budget advocacy, and otherwise report 876: 831: 690:The McKinney's annotated version of the 685: 512: 379: 342:justice courts (town and village courts) 269: 29: 3991:Lawyer Referral and Information Service 3941: 3422:"Bail is Busted: How Jail Really Works" 3377: 3375: 3342: 2880:New York Office of Court Administration 2327: 1953:Paralegal Today: The Legal Team at Work 1898:Paralegal Today: The Legal Team at Work 1178:of New York, but others exist such the 1161:ABA Model Rules of Professional Conduct 1139:Attorneys are admitted to the New York 580: 363:Appellate Division of the Supreme Court 295:Appellate Division of the Supreme Court 14: 5391:State judiciaries in the United States 5378: 3945:The Constitutional History of New York 3787:Gibson's New York Legal Research Guide 3650:"A better way to pick New York judges" 3567:Gonnerman, Jennifer (6 October 2014). 3027: 2959: 2229:2023 Judiciary Committee Annual Report 1126:Rules of the New York Court of Appeals 301:appellate sessions of the County Court 5028: 4090: 4064: 4017:New York Codes, Rules and Regulations 3887: 3626: 3419: 3336: 3247: 3210:Constitution of the State of New York 3188: 3069: 3048: 3001: 2981:Dolmetsch, Chris (14 December 2011). 2537: 2486: 2391:Constitution of the State of New York 2379:Constitution of the State of New York 2367:Constitution of the State of New York 2355:Constitution of the State of New York 2189: 2136: 1956:. West Legal Studies (6th ed.). 1901:. West Legal Studies (6th ed.). 1526:Constitution of the State of New York 1279:of the relevant judicial department. 1185: 1130:New York State Board of Law Examiners 457: 3721: 3682: 3525:Glaberson, William (16 April 2013). 3504:Glaberson, William (15 April 2013). 3461: 3441:The Editorial Board (10 July 2015). 3372: 3259:New York County Lawyers' Association 3254:New York City Criminal Courts Manual 3249:New York County Lawyers' Association 2960:Jacobs, Shayna (19 September 2016). 1598: 1400:was abolished and jurisdiction over 1384:series of regional district courts. 1339:New York City stop-and-frisk program 509:Administrative divisions of New York 298:appellate terms of the Supreme Court 256:Chief Judge of the State of New York 4032:New York State Law Reporting Bureau 3948:. Lawyers Co-operative Publishing. 3627:Marks, Alexandra (12 August 2003). 3443:"Trapped by New York's Bail System" 2422:New York State Unified Court System 2277:New York State Unified Court System 1998: 1821:New York State Law Reporting Bureau 1751:Mountain View Coach Lines v. Storms 1695:New York State Unified Court System 1639:New York State Unified Court System 1425:Court for the Trial of Impeachments 1230: 1122:New York State Education Department 923:New York State Law Reporting Bureau 635: 349: 190:New York State Unified Court System 24: 4993:New York in the American Civil War 3834:New York State Department of State 3382:Buettner, Russ (5 February 2013). 3178:(Press release). 24 November 2014. 3072:"The Defense Can't Afford to Rest" 3049:Yakin, Heather (14 October 2014). 3028:Apuzzo, Matt (25 September 2014). 2249:(Report). New York State Assembly. 1624: 1406:Court for the Correction of Errors 856:Administrative Board of the Courts 375: 25: 5402: 4037:New York Official Reports Service 3962: 3546:Glaberson, William (1 May 2013). 1772:Yellow Book of NY L.P. v. Dimilia 1747:Duffy v. Horton Memorial Hospital 1208:Richmond County District Attorney 1192:New York County District Attorney 1023:Commission on Judicial Nomination 950:New York State Judicial Institute 827: 650:Supreme Court, Appellate Division 5055:Judiciaries of the United States 5009: 4983:New York and New Jersey campaign 4056:National Center for State Courts 3746: 3715: 3676: 3662: 3641: 3620: 3601: 3581: 3560: 3539: 3518: 3497: 3476: 3455: 3434: 3189:Tolan, Casey (1 December 2014). 3002:Pinto, Nick (November 3, 2016). 2523:New York City Criminal Court Act 2231:(Report). New York State Senate. 2105:"Office of Court Administration" 1469:, __ F.3d ____ ( 1364:the U.S. Supreme Court, Justice 1043:Rules Governing Judicial Conduct 994:, including judges, jurors, and 860:Supreme Court Appellate Division 665:County Court, Appellate Session. 192:) is the judicial branch of the 58: 3858:The New York State Constitution 3396: 3317: 3296: 3275: 3241: 3215: 3203: 3182: 3139: 3098: 3084: 3063: 3042: 2995: 2974: 2953: 2940: 2925: 2911: 2898: 2868: 2829: 2816: 2803: 2765: 2730: 2717: 2679: 2666: 2638: 2611: 2597: 2572: 2531: 2516: 2410: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2348: 2321: 2307: 2265: 2235: 2217: 2164: 2122: 2097: 2042: 2023: 1990:, 30 March 2012, archived from 1974: 1943: 1935:, 30 March 2012, archived from 1919: 1888: 1873: 1858: 1809: 1765: 1756: 1740: 1680: 1652: 1641:. February 2007. p. 18, 27 1204:Queens County District Attorney 1132:administers the New York State 734:. The current versions are the 623:of state officers who had been 502: 356:New York State Court of Appeals 4958:History of slavery in New York 4046:Office of Court Administration 3999:New York State Bar Association 3935:New York State Bar Association 2850:New York State Bar Association 1988:New York State Bar Association 1933:New York State Bar Association 1667:New York State Bar Association 1551:Stonecash, Jeffrey M. (2001). 1544: 1519: 1458: 1437:Government of New York (state) 1359:Some watchdog groups consider 1354:New York Civil Liberties Union 1200:Kings County District Attorney 1196:Bronx County District Attorney 1172:New York State Bar Association 868:Office of Court Administration 545:and the five western towns of 288:The appellate courts are the: 13: 1: 5386:New York (state) state courts 4028:New York Slip Opinion Service 3986:New York City Bar Association 3462:Sack, Kevin (27 March 1991). 3420:Pinto, Nick (25 April 2012). 2632:New York City Bar Association 2619:New York City Bar Association 2604:New York City Civil Court Act 2510:New York City Bar Association 2497:New York City Bar Association 2342:New York City Bar Association 2329:New York City Bar Association 1306:New York State Court Officers 1223:summons court cases, and the 1180:New York City Bar Association 1165:attorney grievance committees 1157:Rules of Professional Conduct 986:Elections in New York (state) 740:Appellate Division Reports 3d 658:Supreme Court, Appellate Term 597:(TVB) is a part of the state 305:The superior courts are the: 231:. Outside New York City, the 18:Judiciary of New York (state) 3942:Lincoln, Charles Z. (1906). 3777:General and cited references 2542:. In Colby, Peter W. (ed.). 1817:"About the Official Reports" 1697:. September 2008. p. 64 1466:Upsolve, Inc. et al v. James 1452: 1284:New York City Criminal Court 1265:New York State Court Officer 1249:Mental Hygiene Legal Service 1221:New York City Criminal Court 1097: 1041:Judges are regulated by the 979: 964:standing committees conduct 792:(e-filing, like the federal 757:Civil Practice Law and Rules 749: 693:Civil Practice Law and Rules 681: 599:Department of Motor Vehicles 527:New York City Criminal Court 401:New York State's 62 counties 359:Term, and the County Court. 245:New York City Criminal Court 225:New York State Supreme Court 7: 5016:New York (state) portal 3691:Rockefeller Institute Press 3070:Feuer, Alan (20 May 2011). 1606:"Traffic Violations Bureau" 1442:Law enforcement in New York 1430: 786:joint and several liability 776:, as well certain areas of 608:(OATH) is an agency of the 440:New York State County Court 233:57 individual County Courts 10: 5407: 3728:The State of the Judiciary 1387: 1328:(pre-trial detention) and 1189: 1084:Division of Motor Vehicles 983: 938:Appellate Division Reports 818:Chief Administrative Judge 742:(cited as A.D.3d) and the 724:Appellate Division Reports 674: 506: 386:New York County Courthouse 278:hearing oral arguments in 260:Chief Administrative Judge 5335: 5321: 5060: 5006: 4973:Invasion of Canada (1775) 4933: 4895: 4558: 4460: 4312: 4247: 4114: 4102: 3826:Local Government Handbook 3686:New York State Government 3634:Christian Science Monitor 2418:"Court Type Descriptions" 2302:Local Government Handbook 1593:Local Government Handbook 1069: 1001: 836:Map of judicial districts 816:may be authorized by the 701:New York Court of Appeals 595:Traffic Violations Bureau 531:New York City Civil Court 265: 241:New York City Civil Court 204:(excluding extrajudicial 5355:Northern Mariana Islands 4925:Census-designated places 4262:Administrative divisions 3888:Galie, Peter J. (1991). 3683:Ward, Robert B. (2006). 3118:: III: 3110–3132. 1985. 2538:Colby, Peter W. (1985). 1554:Governing New York State 1310:law enforcement officers 1254: 1047:Code of Judicial Conduct 744:Miscellaneous Reports 3d 610:New York city government 4267:Congressional districts 3995:lawyer referral service 3982:lawyer referral service 3863:Oxford University Press 3233:Vehicle and Traffic Law 3124:2027/nyp.33433107706321 2200:"9th Judicial District" 1723:New York Trial Notebook 1414:New York circuit courts 1107:SUNY Buffalo Law School 998:, and other personnel. 919:New York State Reporter 806:electronic court filing 790:electronic court filing 738:(cited as N.Y.3d), the 677:Law of New York (state) 3978:Legal Referral Service 3836:. 2009. Archived from 3403:Criminal Procedure Law 3226:Criminal Procedure Law 3156:New York State Library 2893:Gibson & Manz 2004 2863:Gibson & Manz 2004 2798:Gibson & Manz 2004 2760:Trial Juror's Handbook 2712:Gibson & Manz 2004 2700:Gibson & Manz 2004 2661:Gibson & Manz 2004 2648:Part 33. 22 NYCRR 121. 2460:. 2000. pp. 4–5. 2260:Galie & Bopst 2012 2147:"Court Administration" 2092:Gibson & Manz 2004 2075:Gibson & Manz 2004 2030:Criminal Procedure Law 1853:Gibson & Manz 2004 1841:Gibson & Manz 2004 1804:Gibson & Manz 2004 1787:Gibson & Manz 2004 1669:. June 2018. p. 2 1539:Gibson & Manz 2004 1514:Gibson & Manz 2004 1490:Gibson & Manz 2004 1320:Analysis and criticism 1288:New York Supreme Court 1271: 1109: 1092:Criminal Procedure Law 1031:Mayor of New York City 1018: 914: 847: 837: 782:statute of limitations 696: 670: 521: 477:exclusive jurisdiction 397:New York Supreme Court 392: 328:New York City courts ( 282: 194:Government of New York 38: 3693:. pp. 140, 146. 2502:How To Become a Judge 1421:Court of Common Pleas 1262: 1105: 1009: 992:officers of the court 966:legislative oversight 927:reporter of decisions 880: 835: 731:Miscellaneous Reports 689: 675:Further information: 587:administrative courts 516: 383: 280:Court of Appeals Hall 273: 206:administrative courts 196:, comprising all the 186:Judiciary of New York 33: 4963:Province of New York 4322:Adirondack Mountains 4050:https://data.ny.gov/ 3725:(February 8, 1999), 2714:, pp. 132, 134. 2544:New York State Today 2245:(15 December 2022). 2227:(21 February 2024). 1502:Practice of Law 2012 746:(cited as Misc.3d). 581:Extrajudicial courts 421:declaratory judgment 52:Unified Court System 5365:U.S. Virgin Islands 4915:Indian reservations 4407:St. Lawrence Seaway 4239:Tourist attractions 3735:on January 30, 2004 3655:New York Daily News 3310:New York Daily News 3056:Times Herald-Record 2967:New York Daily News 2946:People v Jeffreys, 2882:. 17 December 2008. 2865:, pp. 136–138. 2702:, pp. 133–134. 1994:on October 24, 2020 1939:on October 24, 2020 1292:Chief Administrator 864:Chief Administrator 736:New York Reports 3d 642:Judicial Department 585:There are numerous 258:, working with the 44:Part of a series on 4968:Stamp Act Congress 4337:Catskill Mountains 4006:as amended in the 3553:The New York Times 3532:The New York Times 3511:The New York Times 3490:The New York Times 3469:The New York Times 3448:The New York Times 3389:The New York Times 3212:Article XIII, § 13 3091:Mental Hygiene Law 3077:The New York Times 3035:The New York Times 2393:Article VI, § 17. 1473: 24 May 2022). 1370:concurring opinion 1324:New York's use of 1277:Appellate Division 1272: 1186:District attorneys 1110: 1019: 990:There are several 915: 909:Fourth Department 895:Second Department 838: 697: 522: 458:Specialized courts 415:relief such as an 393: 334:NYC Criminal Court 283: 221:Appellate Division 76:Appellate Division 39: 5373: 5372: 5022: 5021: 4978:Saratoga campaign 4327:Allegheny Plateau 4008:Consolidated Laws 3872:978-0-19-986056-2 3700:978-1-930912-16-8 3597:. 1 October 2014. 3427:The Village Voice 3268:978-1-105-20162-2 3261:. pp. 3, 6. 3009:The Village Voice 2878:(Press release). 2852:. pp. 15–17. 2344:. pp. 23–27. 1733:978-1-58012-104-0 1398:Court of Chancery 1374:Thurgood Marshall 1366:John Paul Stevens 1214:district attorney 1120:in New York. The 1017:from 1993 to 2008 954:State Legislature 913: 912: 705:binding authority 699:Decisions of the 473:Surrogate's Court 250:By one estimate, 202:State of New York 182: 181: 141:Surrogate's Court 16:(Redirected from 5398: 5329:Washington, D.C. 5323:Federal district 5049: 5042: 5035: 5026: 5025: 5014: 5013: 5012: 4437:Thousand Islands 4402:Ridge and Valley 4392:Niagara Frontier 4372:Hudson Highlands 4367:Holland Purchase 4352:Champlain Valley 4347:Central New York 4332:Capital District 4085: 4078: 4071: 4062: 4061: 3974: 3973: 3971:Official website 3957: 3938: 3932: 3917: 3884: 3861:(2nd ed.). 3851: 3849: 3848: 3842: 3832:(6th ed.). 3831: 3820: 3792: 3771: 3770: 3761: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3740: 3731:, archived from 3719: 3713: 3712: 3680: 3674: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3645: 3639: 3638: 3624: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3585: 3579: 3578: 3569:"Before the Law" 3564: 3558: 3557: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3417: 3408: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3379: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3351: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3287: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3245: 3239: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3186: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3169: 3160: 3159: 3153: 3143: 3137: 3135: 3102: 3096: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3067: 3061: 3060: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3025: 3014: 3013: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2957: 2951: 2944: 2938: 2929: 2923: 2915: 2909: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2872: 2866: 2860: 2854: 2853: 2847: 2833: 2827: 2820: 2814: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2779: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2744: 2734: 2728: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2683: 2677: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2649: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2629: 2615: 2609: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2535: 2529: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2493: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2480: 2474: 2468:. Archived from 2455: 2445: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2414: 2408: 2388: 2382: 2381:Article VI, § 16 2376: 2370: 2369:Article VI, § 12 2364: 2358: 2357:Article VI, § 13 2352: 2346: 2345: 2339: 2325: 2319: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2221: 2215: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2196: 2187: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2143: 2134: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2078: 2072: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2046: 2040: 2027: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1978: 1972: 1971: 1958:Cengage Learning 1947: 1941: 1940: 1923: 1917: 1916: 1903:Cengage Learning 1892: 1886: 1885: 1877: 1871: 1870: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1790: 1784: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1754: 1744: 1738: 1737: 1717: 1706: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1692: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1664: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1636: 1628: 1622: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1612:. 12 August 2014 1602: 1596: 1590: 1581: 1580: 1557:(4th ed.). 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1505: 1504:, pp. 9–10. 1499: 1493: 1487: 1474: 1468: 1462: 1410:Court of Appeals 1379: 1237:public defenders 1231:Public defenders 1146:Uniform Bar Exam 932:New York Reports 925:is the official 908: 903:Third Department 902: 894: 889:First Department 888: 883: 882: 862:department. The 852: 718:New York Reports 636:Appeal structure 571:cases and local 429:legal separation 350:Court of Appeals 292:Court of Appeals 276:Court of Appeals 213:Court of Appeals 188:(officially the 174: 167: 160: 70:Court of Appeals 62: 41: 40: 36:flag of New York 21: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5395: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5331: 5317: 5056: 5053: 5023: 5018: 5010: 5008: 5002: 4953:Rensselaerswyck 4929: 4891: 4554: 4456: 4308: 4287:Representatives 4243: 4110: 4098: 4089: 3969: 3968: 3965: 3960: 3930: 3906: 3873: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3829: 3801: 3790: 3779: 3774: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3738: 3736: 3720: 3716: 3701: 3681: 3677: 3667: 3663: 3646: 3642: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3606: 3602: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3565: 3561: 3544: 3540: 3523: 3519: 3502: 3498: 3481: 3477: 3460: 3456: 3439: 3435: 3418: 3411: 3401: 3397: 3380: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3353: 3352: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3322: 3318: 3301: 3297: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3269: 3246: 3242: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3163: 3158:, 1 August 1985 3151: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3089: 3085: 3068: 3064: 3047: 3043: 3026: 3017: 3000: 2996: 2979: 2975: 2958: 2954: 2948:53 Misc 3d 1205 2945: 2941: 2930: 2926: 2916: 2912: 2903: 2899: 2891: 2887: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2845: 2834: 2830: 2821: 2817: 2808: 2804: 2796: 2789: 2777: 2770: 2766: 2758: 2754: 2742: 2735: 2731: 2722: 2718: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2680: 2671: 2667: 2659: 2652: 2643: 2639: 2627: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2558: 2550:. p. 105. 2536: 2532: 2521: 2517: 2512:. pp. 3–8. 2505: 2494: 2487: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2453: 2447: 2446: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2416: 2415: 2411: 2389: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2365: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2337: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2308: 2300: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2258: 2254: 2240: 2236: 2222: 2218: 2208: 2206: 2198: 2197: 2190: 2180: 2178: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2155: 2153: 2145: 2144: 2137: 2127: 2123: 2113: 2111: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2090: 2081: 2073: 2062: 2057:. pp. i–v. 2054: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2028: 2024: 2014: 2012: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1968: 1960:. p. 156. 1948: 1944: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1913: 1905:. p. 156. 1893: 1889: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1851: 1847: 1839: 1835: 1825: 1823: 1815: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1793: 1785: 1778: 1770: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1745: 1741: 1734: 1718: 1709: 1700: 1698: 1690: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1672: 1670: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1644: 1642: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1591: 1584: 1569: 1561:. p. 172. 1549: 1545: 1537: 1533: 1524: 1520: 1512: 1508: 1500: 1496: 1488: 1477: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1447:Law of New York 1433: 1390: 1377: 1322: 1257: 1233: 1210: 1188: 1176:bar association 1174:is a voluntary 1134:bar examination 1100: 1072: 1004: 988: 982: 906: 900: 892: 886: 830: 802: 778:substantive law 762:legal procedure 760:(CPLR) governs 752: 684: 679: 673: 638: 583: 511: 505: 496:Court of Claims 460: 378: 376:Superior courts 365: 352: 330:NYC Civil Court 268: 252:debt collection 178: 136:Court of Claims 111:New York City: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5404: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5345:American Samoa 5341: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5327: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5263:South Carolina 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5228:North Carolina 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5052: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5029: 5020: 5019: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4988:State cessions 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4948:New Netherland 4945: 4939: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4901: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4868: 4867: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4795:Saint Lawrence 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4564: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4552: 4547: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4480: 4466: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4357:Tri-State area 4354: 4349: 4344: 4342:Central Region 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4290: 4289: 4284: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4253: 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4236: 4234:Transportation 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4139:Climate change 4136: 4131: 4126: 4120: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4088: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4043: 4034: 4025: 4020: 4010: 4001: 3988: 3975: 3964: 3963:External links 3961: 3959: 3958: 3939: 3918: 3904: 3885: 3871: 3852: 3821: 3799: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3762:, p. 67, 3745: 3714: 3699: 3675: 3661: 3640: 3619: 3600: 3594:Democracy Now! 3580: 3574:The New Yorker 3559: 3538: 3517: 3496: 3475: 3454: 3433: 3409: 3395: 3371: 3341: 3329: 3316: 3295: 3274: 3267: 3240: 3214: 3202: 3196:Gotham Gazette 3181: 3161: 3138: 3097: 3083: 3062: 3041: 3015: 2994: 2988:Bloomberg News 2973: 2952: 2939: 2924: 2910: 2897: 2895:, p. 138. 2885: 2867: 2855: 2828: 2815: 2802: 2800:, p. 135. 2787: 2764: 2752: 2729: 2716: 2704: 2692: 2678: 2665: 2663:, p. 132. 2650: 2637: 2610: 2596: 2571: 2556: 2530: 2515: 2485: 2435: 2424:. nycourts.gov 2409: 2383: 2371: 2359: 2347: 2320: 2306: 2289: 2264: 2262:, p. 161. 2252: 2234: 2216: 2188: 2163: 2135: 2121: 2096: 2094:, p. 131. 2079: 2077:, p. 130. 2060: 2041: 2022: 1997: 1973: 1966: 1942: 1918: 1911: 1887: 1872: 1857: 1855:, p. 155. 1845: 1843:, p. 151. 1833: 1808: 1806:, p. 153. 1791: 1789:, p. 149. 1776: 1764: 1755: 1739: 1732: 1707: 1679: 1651: 1623: 1597: 1582: 1567: 1543: 1541:, p. 128. 1531: 1518: 1516:, p. 127. 1506: 1494: 1492:, p. 123. 1475: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1432: 1429: 1389: 1386: 1321: 1318: 1256: 1253: 1235:The system of 1232: 1229: 1187: 1184: 1159:(based on the 1099: 1096: 1071: 1068: 1003: 1000: 981: 978: 911: 910: 904: 897: 896: 890: 829: 828:Administration 826: 801: 798: 751: 748: 683: 680: 672: 669: 668: 667: 661: 653: 637: 634: 633: 632: 629:State Assembly 613: 602: 582: 579: 578: 577: 569:traffic ticket 561:Justice courts 558: 547:Suffolk County 539:District Court 535: 504: 501: 500: 499: 492: 469: 459: 456: 448:Criminal Court 377: 374: 364: 361: 351: 348: 344: 343: 340: 337: 326: 325:District Court 319: 318: 315: 310: 303: 302: 299: 296: 293: 267: 264: 180: 179: 177: 176: 169: 162: 154: 151: 150: 149: 148: 143: 138: 127: 126: 125: 124: 122:Justice courts 119: 109: 107:District Court 104: 98: 97: 91: 73: 64: 63: 55: 54: 50:New York State 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5403: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5383: 5381: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5303:West Virginia 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5208:New Hampshire 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5168:Massachusetts 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5038: 5036: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5017: 5005: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4932: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4526:New York City 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4492:Niagara Falls 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4422:Southern Tier 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4397:North Country 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4387:Mohawk Valley 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4377:Hudson Valley 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4279: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4113: 4108: 4107: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4081: 4079: 4074: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4004:Judiciary Law 4002: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3966: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3905:0-313-26156-3 3901: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3853: 3843:on 2016-01-13 3839: 3835: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3800:1-57588-728-2 3796: 3789: 3788: 3782: 3781: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3757: 3749: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3679: 3672: 3671: 3665: 3657: 3656: 3651: 3644: 3636: 3635: 3630: 3623: 3613: 3612: 3604: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3584: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3563: 3556:. p. A1. 3555: 3554: 3549: 3542: 3535:. p. A1. 3534: 3533: 3528: 3521: 3514:. p. A1. 3513: 3512: 3507: 3500: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3479: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3458: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3437: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3416: 3414: 3407: 3404: 3399: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3378: 3376: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3338: 3333: 3326: 3320: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3299: 3291: 3284: 3278: 3270: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3244: 3237: 3234: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3222:Judiciary Law 3218: 3211: 3206: 3198: 3197: 3192: 3185: 3174: 3168: 3166: 3157: 3150: 3149: 3142: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3112: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3087: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3066: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3045: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3011: 3010: 3005: 2998: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2977: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2956: 2949: 2943: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2914: 2907: 2901: 2894: 2889: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2864: 2859: 2851: 2844: 2843: 2838: 2832: 2825: 2819: 2812: 2806: 2799: 2794: 2792: 2783: 2776: 2775: 2768: 2761: 2756: 2748: 2741: 2740: 2733: 2726: 2720: 2713: 2708: 2701: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2686:Judiciary Law 2682: 2675: 2669: 2662: 2657: 2655: 2647: 2641: 2634:. p. 13. 2633: 2626: 2625: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2557:0-87395-960-4 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2527: 2524: 2519: 2511: 2504: 2503: 2498: 2492: 2490: 2475:on 2016-03-04 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2423: 2419: 2413: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2380: 2375: 2368: 2363: 2356: 2351: 2343: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2315: 2314:Judiciary Law 2310: 2304:, p. 21. 2303: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2278: 2274: 2268: 2261: 2256: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2230: 2226: 2220: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2193: 2177: 2173: 2167: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2133: 2130: 2129:Judiciary Law 2125: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2093: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2076: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2053: 2052: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2011: 2007: 2001: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1977: 1969: 1967:9781133591078 1963: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1946: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1922: 1914: 1912:9781133591078 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1891: 1884: 1883: 1876: 1869: 1868: 1861: 1854: 1849: 1842: 1837: 1822: 1818: 1812: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1788: 1783: 1781: 1773: 1768: 1759: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1735: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1696: 1689: 1683: 1668: 1661: 1655: 1640: 1633: 1627: 1611: 1607: 1601: 1595:, p. 19. 1594: 1589: 1587: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1568:0-7914-4888-6 1564: 1560: 1556: 1555: 1547: 1540: 1535: 1527: 1522: 1515: 1510: 1503: 1498: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1472: 1467: 1461: 1457: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1385: 1381: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1344: 1343:plea bargains 1340: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1252: 1250: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1228: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1215: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1108: 1104: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1076:Judiciary Law 1067: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1026: 1024: 1016: 1012: 1008: 999: 997: 993: 987: 977: 973: 971: 967: 963: 960:and Assembly 959: 956:, the Senate 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 939: 934: 933: 928: 924: 920: 905: 899: 898: 891: 885: 884: 879: 875: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 851: 850: 843: 834: 825: 821: 819: 815: 811: 810:Supreme Court 807: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 758: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 732: 726: 725: 720: 719: 713: 710: 706: 702: 695: 694: 688: 678: 666: 662: 659: 654: 651: 647: 646: 645: 643: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 611: 607: 603: 600: 596: 592: 591: 590: 588: 574: 570: 566: 562: 559: 556: 552: 548: 544: 543:Nassau County 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 523: 520: 515: 510: 497: 493: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 461: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 409: 404: 402: 398: 391: 387: 382: 373: 370: 360: 357: 347: 341: 338: 335: 331: 327: 324: 323: 322: 316: 314: 311: 309:Supreme Court 308: 307: 306: 300: 297: 294: 291: 290: 289: 286: 281: 277: 272: 263: 261: 257: 253: 248: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 229:New York City 226: 222: 218: 217:highest court 214: 209: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 175: 170: 168: 163: 161: 156: 155: 153: 152: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 133: 132: 129: 128: 123: 120: 118: 114: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 99: 95: 94:Supreme Court 92: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74: 71: 68: 67: 66: 65: 61: 57: 56: 53: 48: 47: 43: 42: 37: 32: 19: 5360:Puerto Rico 5268:South Dakota 5258:Rhode Island 5253:Pennsylvania 5233:North Dakota 5222: 4998:9/11 attacks 4362:Finger Lakes 4272:Constitution 4184:Homelessness 4149:Demographics 4134:Bibliography 4104: 4048:on Open NY ( 3944: 3926: 3890: 3857: 3845:. Retrieved 3838:the original 3825: 3786: 3755: 3748: 3737:, retrieved 3733:the original 3727: 3723:Kaye, Judith 3717: 3685: 3678: 3668: 3664: 3653: 3643: 3632: 3622: 3610: 3603: 3592: 3583: 3572: 3562: 3551: 3541: 3530: 3520: 3509: 3499: 3488: 3478: 3467: 3457: 3446: 3436: 3425: 3398: 3387: 3362:. Retrieved 3339:, p. 6. 3332: 3319: 3308: 3298: 3289: 3277: 3253: 3243: 3224:article 22. 3217: 3205: 3194: 3184: 3147: 3141: 3109: 3100: 3086: 3075: 3065: 3054: 3044: 3033: 3007: 2997: 2986: 2976: 2965: 2955: 2942: 2927: 2913: 2900: 2888: 2870: 2858: 2841: 2831: 2818: 2805: 2784:. p. 1. 2773: 2767: 2762:, p. 2. 2755: 2749:. p. 1. 2738: 2732: 2719: 2707: 2695: 2681: 2668: 2640: 2623: 2613: 2599: 2587:. Retrieved 2574: 2543: 2533: 2518: 2501: 2477:. Retrieved 2470:the original 2449: 2426:. Retrieved 2421: 2412: 2386: 2374: 2362: 2350: 2333: 2323: 2309: 2280:. Retrieved 2276: 2267: 2255: 2237: 2219: 2207:. Retrieved 2179:. Retrieved 2166: 2154:. Retrieved 2124: 2112:. Retrieved 2099: 2050: 2044: 2037:laws of 2015 2025: 2013:. Retrieved 2000: 1992:the original 1982: 1976: 1952: 1945: 1937:the original 1927: 1921: 1897: 1890: 1881: 1875: 1866: 1860: 1848: 1836: 1824:. Retrieved 1811: 1771: 1767: 1758: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1722: 1699:. Retrieved 1694: 1682: 1671:. Retrieved 1666: 1654: 1643:. Retrieved 1638: 1626: 1614:. Retrieved 1600: 1553: 1546: 1534: 1521: 1509: 1497: 1465: 1460: 1418: 1395: 1391: 1382: 1358: 1347: 1335:down payment 1323: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1281: 1273: 1269:Times Square 1246: 1234: 1218: 1211: 1169: 1164: 1156: 1154: 1138: 1125: 1118:practice law 1111: 1073: 1064: 1046: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1027: 1020: 989: 974: 943: 936: 930: 916: 872: 845: 839: 822: 814:County Court 803: 780:such as the 766:jurisdiction 755: 753: 743: 739: 735: 729: 722: 716: 714: 698: 691: 664: 657: 649: 639: 584: 565:small claims 555:small claims 503:Local courts 485:guardianship 465:Family Court 437: 405: 394: 366: 353: 345: 320: 313:County Court 304: 287: 284: 249: 210: 189: 185: 183: 146:Family Court 131:Specialized 130: 102:County Court 5337:Territories 5183:Mississippi 5098:Connecticut 4877:Westchester 4805:Schenectady 4588:Cattaraugus 4506:Glens Falls 4474:Schenectady 4462:Metro areas 4432:Tech Valley 4417:Ski country 4412:Shawangunks 4382:Long Island 4277:Delegations 4189:LGBT rights 3997:) from the 3984:) from the 3739:December 5, 3116:208th sess. 2395:Village Law 2209:1 September 2181:26 December 2156:1 September 1368:wrote in a 1350:Judith Kaye 1267:cruiser in 1015:Chief Judge 1011:Judith Kaye 844:who is the 534:violations. 444:Civil Court 339:city courts 96:(1st level) 5380:Categories 5298:Washington 5218:New Mexico 5213:New Jersey 5088:California 4860:Washington 4780:Rensselaer 4708:Montgomery 4693:Livingston 4598:Chautauqua 4483:Binghamton 4427:Southtowns 4299:Government 4174:Healthcare 4019:(22 NYCRR) 3881:2011051555 3847:2014-03-09 3809:2004042477 3709:2006050402 3337:NYCLA 2011 3231:, 255.20. 2932:County Law 2918:County Law 2548:SUNY Press 2479:2014-09-28 1701:2022-01-28 1673:2022-01-29 1645:2022-01-28 1559:SUNY Press 1247:The state 1241:County Law 1190:See also: 1088:grand jury 1080:jury trial 984:See also: 849:ex officio 507:See also: 475:exercises 417:injunction 5308:Wisconsin 5273:Tennessee 5178:Minnesota 5153:Louisiana 4865:Charlotte 4810:Schoharie 4678:Jefferson 4550:Watertown 4531:Rochester 4516:Jamestown 4294:Elections 4164:Geography 4159:Education 4109:(capital) 4030:from the 4013:Judiciary 3768:132693381 3364:15 August 3132:0892-287X 2589:17 August 1826:20 August 1577:00-032955 1453:Citations 1114:admission 1098:Attorneys 980:Personnel 962:Judiciary 958:Judiciary 796:system). 774:pleadings 750:Procedure 682:Precedent 625:impeached 621:the trial 519:the Tombs 433:annulment 413:equitable 390:Manhattan 72:(highest) 5293:Virginia 5243:Oklahoma 5223:New York 5198:Nebraska 5188:Missouri 5173:Michigan 5163:Maryland 5148:Kentucky 5128:Illinois 5103:Delaware 5093:Colorado 5083:Arkansas 4920:Villages 4845:Tompkins 4835:Sullivan 4815:Schuyler 4800:Saratoga 4790:Rockland 4785:Richmond 4740:Onondaga 4725:New York 4673:Herkimer 4668:Hamilton 4648:Franklin 4633:Dutchess 4628:Delaware 4623:Cortland 4618:Columbia 4608:Chenango 4573:Allegany 4560:Counties 4536:Syracuse 4521:Kingston 4442:Tug Hill 4282:Senators 4257:Abortion 4249:Politics 4219:Politics 4204:Nickname 4169:Gun laws 4129:Airports 4096:New York 3914:90-36627 3896:ABC-CLIO 3817:54455036 3406:§ 520.10 3327:part 122 3251:(2011). 3229:§ 350.20 2908:§ 1240.4 2676:§ 7000.9 2580:"Judges" 2466:68710274 2402:Town Law 1616:3 August 1471:S.D.N.Y. 1431:See also 1361:Brooklyn 1314:bailiffs 996:bailiffs 764:such as 551:arraigns 529:and the 489:adoption 452:felonies 117:Criminal 5313:Wyoming 5288:Vermont 5193:Montana 5133:Indiana 5113:Georgia 5108:Florida 5078:Arizona 5068:Alabama 4935:History 4882:Wyoming 4830:Suffolk 4825:Steuben 4755:Orleans 4745:Ontario 4730:Niagara 4698:Madison 4658:Genesee 4613:Clinton 4603:Chemung 4501:Corning 4488:Buffalo 4452:Western 4447:Upstate 4314:Regions 4229:Symbols 4194:Museums 4179:History 4154:Economy 4015:in the 3954:1337955 3094:§ 47.01 2826:§ 520.1 2566:84-8737 2428:13 July 2398:§ 3-302 2114:13 July 2033:§ 10.40 1388:History 921:of the 627:by the 481:probate 425:divorce 200:of the 86:, 3rd, 5248:Oregon 5203:Nevada 5143:Kansas 5118:Hawaii 5073:Alaska 5061:States 4943:Lenape 4905:Cities 4897:Places 4855:Warren 4850:Ulster 4820:Seneca 4775:Queens 4770:Putnam 4765:Otsego 4760:Oswego 4750:Orange 4735:Oneida 4720:Nassau 4703:Monroe 4663:Greene 4653:Fulton 4593:Cayuga 4583:Broome 4568:Albany 4511:Ithaca 4497:Elmira 4470:Albany 4224:Sports 4214:People 4116:Topics 4106:Albany 3952: 3912: 3902: 3879: 3869: 3815: 3807: 3797: 3766: 3707: 3697: 3265: 3236:§ 1690 3130: 2950:(2016) 2813:§ 52.6 2564: 2554: 2464: 2282:7 July 2015:12 May 1964: 1909: 1730: 1575: 1565: 1412:. The 1402:equity 1326:remand 1206:, and 1070:Jurors 1002:Judges 907: 901: 893: 887: 772:, and 573:zoning 408:felony 266:Courts 237:felony 219:. The 198:courts 5278:Texas 5158:Maine 5123:Idaho 4910:Towns 4887:Yates 4872:Wayne 4840:Tioga 4713:Tryon 4688:Lewis 4683:Kings 4643:Essex 4578:Bronx 4541:Utica 4209:Parks 4199:Music 4144:Crime 4124:Index 4092:State 4039:from 3931:(PDF) 3922:NYSBA 3841:(PDF) 3830:(PDF) 3791:(PDF) 3760:(PDF) 3615:(PDF) 3325:NYCRR 3286:(PDF) 3176:(PDF) 3152:(PDF) 2937:, 927 2935:§ 700 2921:§ 926 2906:NYCRR 2846:(PDF) 2837:NYSBA 2824:NYCRR 2811:NYCRR 2778:(PDF) 2743:(PDF) 2725:NYCRR 2674:NYCRR 2646:NYCRR 2628:(PDF) 2607:§ 110 2506:(PDF) 2473:(PDF) 2454:(PDF) 2338:(PDF) 2132:§ 140 2055:(PDF) 1691:(PDF) 1663:(PDF) 1635:(PDF) 1255:Other 970:bills 794:PACER 770:venue 549:. It 479:over 431:, or 235:hear 113:Civil 5350:Guam 5283:Utah 5238:Ohio 5138:Iowa 4638:Erie 4545:Rome 4478:Troy 4041:West 3950:OCLC 3910:LCCN 3900:ISBN 3877:LCCN 3867:ISBN 3813:OCLC 3805:LCCN 3795:ISBN 3764:OCLC 3741:2015 3705:LCCN 3695:ISBN 3366:2015 3263:ISBN 3128:ISSN 2689:§ 44 2591:2014 2562:LCCN 2552:ISBN 2526:§ 22 2462:OCLC 2430:2015 2405:§ 24 2317:§ 62 2284:2015 2211:2014 2183:2015 2158:2014 2116:2013 2017:2014 1962:ISBN 1907:ISBN 1828:2014 1728:ISBN 1618:2015 1573:LCCN 1563:ISBN 1419:The 1330:bail 1308:are 1225:NYPD 1170:The 1074:The 1013:was 944:The 935:and 917:The 812:and 784:and 754:The 721:and 715:The 703:are 615:The 604:The 593:The 537:The 494:The 471:The 463:The 438:The 384:The 367:The 354:The 274:The 243:and 211:The 184:The 34:The 4304:Law 4094:of 3993:(a 3980:(a 3323:22 3120:hdl 2904:22 2822:22 2723:22 2672:22 2528:(2) 1141:bar 1116:to 671:Law 388:in 208:). 88:4th 84:2nd 80:1st 5382:: 4543:/ 4499:/ 4490:/ 4476:/ 4472:/ 3933:. 3908:. 3898:. 3875:. 3865:. 3811:. 3803:. 3703:. 3689:. 3652:. 3631:. 3591:. 3571:. 3550:. 3529:. 3508:. 3487:. 3466:. 3445:. 3424:. 3412:^ 3386:. 3374:^ 3357:. 3344:^ 3307:. 3288:, 3257:. 3193:. 3164:^ 3154:, 3126:. 3114:. 3108:. 3074:. 3053:. 3032:. 3018:^ 3006:. 2985:. 2964:. 2848:. 2809:8 2790:^ 2780:. 2745:. 2653:^ 2630:. 2582:. 2560:. 2546:. 2508:. 2488:^ 2456:. 2438:^ 2420:. 2400:. 2340:. 2292:^ 2275:. 2202:. 2191:^ 2174:. 2149:. 2138:^ 2107:. 2082:^ 2063:^ 2008:. 1986:, 1931:, 1819:. 1794:^ 1779:^ 1710:^ 1693:. 1665:. 1637:. 1608:. 1585:^ 1571:. 1478:^ 1380:" 1345:. 1294:. 1263:A 1202:, 1198:, 1194:, 1182:. 1148:, 1136:. 1094:. 870:. 768:, 567:, 446:, 427:, 419:, 403:. 332:, 247:. 115:, 82:, 5048:e 5041:t 5034:v 4084:e 4077:t 4070:v 4052:) 3956:. 3937:. 3916:. 3883:. 3850:. 3819:. 3711:. 3658:. 3637:. 3577:. 3493:. 3472:. 3451:. 3430:. 3392:. 3368:. 3313:. 3271:. 3238:. 3199:. 3134:. 3122:: 3080:. 3059:. 3038:. 3012:. 2991:. 2970:. 2593:. 2568:. 2482:. 2432:. 2407:. 2286:. 2213:. 2185:. 2160:. 2118:. 2019:. 1970:. 1915:. 1830:. 1736:. 1704:. 1676:. 1648:. 1620:. 1579:. 1378:' 660:. 652:. 631:. 336:) 173:e 166:t 159:v 90:) 78:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.