359:, quickly came to an agreement with Nasr. Nevertheless, both men remained wary of each other, and separately tried to win the backing of Abu Muslim, who now held the balance of power. The latter eventually chose to support al-Kirmani. On 14 February 748, the Hashimiyya army occupied Mwrv, and Nasr again had to flee the city. While the Hashimiyya forces were launched west in pursuit of Nasr, the fragile alliance between the Yaman under Ali al-Kirmani and Abu Muslim remained in place, and Ali's brother Uthman was even named governor of Balkh. After the defeat and death of Nasr in late 748, Abu Muslim felt himself strong enough to have both brothers and their most prominent followers killed. By the end of 750, the Hashimiyya forces had completed the
343:, but within days al-Kirmani and Ibn Surayj fell out among themselves and clashed, resulting in the death of Ibn Surayj. Al-Kirmani then destroyed the Tamimi quarters in Merv. This was a shocking act, as dwellings were traditionally considered exempt from warfare in Arab culture. As a result, the Mudari tribes, who hitherto had withheld their support from Nasr, now came over to him. With their backing, Nasr resolved to take back the capital. Nasr's and al-Kirmani's armies confronted each other before the walls of Marv, occupying two fortified camps and skirmishing with each other during June–September 747. The fighting stopped only when news came of the uprising of the
336:. When Ibn Surayj arrived at Merv in July 745, he was enthusiastically received by the town's inhabitants, scorned Nasr's proposals for cooperation, and soon rose in rebellion as well. In March 746 Ibn Surayj's army attacked Marv, but was repulsed with many casualties, and he then made common cause with al-Kirmani—of whose activities between his escape in 744 and this point nothing is known. With Marwan II still trying to consolidate his own position in Syria and Mesopotamia, Nasr was bereft of any hopes of reinforcement, and the allied armies of Ibn Surayj and al-Kirmani drove him out of Merv towards the end of 746.
142:
332:. A tentative truce was initially agreed upon, during which fruitless negotiations were conducted, but after Yazid reconfirmed Nasr in his post, al-Kirmani resumed his revolt. Nasr in turn tried to strengthen his own position by enlisting the services of al-Harith ibn Surayj, al-Kirmani's one-time adversary, who enjoyed considerable support among some Arab tribes and especially his own tribe, the northern Arab
265:, a veteran soldier from Khurasan whose own tribe was fairly unimportant, and thus deprived him of any independent power base. As a result, Nasr's rule throughout his tenure was not fully accepted by many Arab tribesmen and especially the Yaman, who still favoured al-Kirmani; Nasr's position was thus heavily reliant on firm backing from the Umayyad imperial government in
212:
an Arab army across the Oxus, and in turn invaded
Khurasan, joined by Ibn Surayj and his men. During the subsequent campaign, Juday was named Asad's deputy and left in charge of the defence of Balkh, which at the time was Khurasan's capital and the main base for the Arab military operations against
314:
leaders. All this resulted in an uprising by the Azd and Rabi'ah under al-Kirmani, with the slogan "revenge for the
Muhallabids", whose downfall at the hands of the Umayyads had become a symbol of Yamani resentment of the Umayyads and their northern Arab-dominated regime.
303:
in 744, the Yaman in
Khurasan hoped to see al-Kirmani appointed governor. Agitation among the Yaman persisted, amidst rumours that Nasr had intercepted letters appointing al-Kirmani as governor, and a dispute on the payment of stipends to the Khurasani Arab militia
354:
Al-Tabari claims that Nasr crucified al-Kirmani's body with a fish beside it, in a ritual humiliation of the Azd 'Uman, who originally were fishermen; but this tradition is considered unlikely by modern historians, as al-Kirmani's son and successor,
225:
was routed and in turn forced to flee across the Oxus, accompanied by Ibn Surayj. The widely dispersed Türgesh detachments sent to raid south of the Oxus were largely destroyed piecemeal by al-Kirmani, ending the threat to
Khurasan.
229:
His successes under Asad rendered al-Kirmani the most prominent man in
Khurasan, according to the judgment of his contemporaries. Al-Tabari reports that when Asad died in 738, Juday was appointed governor of Khurasan by the
253:(southern Arab tribes), to whom al-Kirmani's own Azd tribe belonged; and with the exception of Asad himself, since the downfall of the Muhallabids in 717, Khurasan had been ruled by governors from the northern Arab tribes (
192:, where many of Ibn Surayj's supporters, including some of his relatives and his army's baggage train, had taken refuge. After the fortress surrendered, according to the 10th-century historian
351:, which posed a threat to both. Negotiations commenced, but were almost broken off when a member of Nasr's entourage, an embittered son of Ibn Surayj, attacked and killed al-Kirmani.
318:
On 13 July 744, al-Kirmani was captured and imprisoned by Nasr, but he managed to escape after barely a month. The rebellion spread, with many of the Arab settlers around
124:, in late 746 but soon fell out, and both Ibn Surayj and later al-Kirmani were killed. The turmoil of the revolt opened the way for the start and eventual triumph of the
356:
1105:
1110:
958:
299:. During the civil war, the security of Nasr's position fluctuated depending on the regime ruling in Damascus. Under the brief reign of the pro-Yaman
1115:
120:
tribes against Nasr, in which al-Kirmani was joined by his former enemy, Ibn Surayj. The two allies expelled Nasr from the provincial capital,
1085:
86:
310:). Nasr tried to secure his own position by deposing al-Kirmani from his leadership of the Azd, as well as by trying to win over Azd and
1090:
1095:
1051:
938:
1125:
328:
in the sources, al-Kirmani's followers included most of the Syrian troops in the province as well as many northern Arab
1120:
261:), who favoured their own kin and humiliated the southerners. Junayd was thus not confirmed in office, but replaced by
1030:
1009:
988:
1075:
196:, 400 of the men were executed, and the other defenders, including women and children, were sold into slavery at
930:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXV: The End of Expansion: The Caliphate of Hishām, A.D. 724–738/A.H. 105–120
112:
allies in 736–737, becoming one of the most prominent men in
Khurasan and a rival to the Umayyad governor,
185:
158:
235:
170:
924:
239:
1100:
288:
1046:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
933:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
209:
250:
177:
117:
105:
65:
1043:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132
205:
8:
1070:
952:
214:
360:
278:
166:
150:
125:
188:. With a contingent of 6,000 men, al-Kirmani blockaded the fortress of Tabushkhan, in
1047:
1026:
1005:
984:
962:
934:
372:
364:
189:
101:
57:
231:
1041:
1020:
999:
978:
928:
368:
262:
113:
78:
169:
clan, which was prominent in the
Islamic East; Juday's father had fought under
1064:
974:
966:
948:
1080:
162:
141:
284:
200:. Defeated, Ibn Surayj and the remnants of his followers fled across the
389:
387:
348:
344:
333:
311:
201:
109:
300:
292:
193:
384:
176:
Juday first appears in 736, during the suppression of the revolt of
340:
266:
181:
97:
61:
1022:
Revolt: The Social and
Military Aspects of the ʿAbbāsid revolution
854:
220:
154:
596:
488:
440:
416:
329:
258:
197:
980:
The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750
890:
319:
296:
254:
121:
902:
878:
758:
688:
686:
524:
866:
770:
734:
710:
632:
548:
512:
452:
213:
the Türgesh. The Türgesh invasion was turned back at the
93:
661:
659:
476:
283:
That support was undermined during the civil war of the
218:
818:
782:
722:
683:
671:
608:
560:
830:
794:
698:
406:
404:
402:
806:
656:
644:
620:
584:
500:
842:
746:
536:
464:
428:
323:
305:
983:(Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge.
399:
291:broke out into open fighting; the eventual victor,
572:
145:Map of Khurasan and Transoxiana in the 8th century
1106:Prisoners and detainees of the Umayyad Caliphate
1062:
153:shows, Juday al-Kirmani was born and raised at
1111:8th-century people from the Umayyad Caliphate
116:. The rivalry led in 744 to a revolt of the
923:
602:
530:
494:
458:
446:
422:
393:
1004:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
322:joining it; although collectively called
1116:Rebellions against the Umayyad Caliphate
1039:
896:
836:
140:
973:
908:
884:
860:
800:
764:
704:
650:
638:
434:
367:and physically eliminating most of the
104:. He initially helped defeat the rebel
1063:
1018:
997:
872:
848:
824:
812:
788:
776:
752:
740:
728:
716:
692:
677:
665:
626:
614:
590:
566:
554:
542:
518:
482:
410:
295:, was a champion of the northern Arab
1086:Khurasan under the Umayyad Caliphate
947:
578:
506:
470:
217:in December 737, where the Türgesh
82:
13:
1040:Williams, John Alden, ed. (1985).
954:The Arab Conquests in Central Asia
14:
1137:
1091:Generals of the Umayyad Caliphate
75:Juday ibn Ali al-Kirmani al-Ma'ni
208:. In the next year, the Türgesh
165:, and was closely allied to the
100:during the final decades of the
244:
136:
1096:Muslim conquest of Transoxiana
1025:. Jerusalem: Graph Press Ltd.
1:
378:
161:. His family belonged to the
219:
131:
7:
1126:People from Kerman province
324:
306:
83:جديع بن علي الكرماني المعني
10:
1142:
917:
276:
204:and found refuge with the
186:Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri
1121:People of the Third Fitna
959:The Royal Asiatic Society
925:Blankinship, Khalid Yahya
396:, p. 126 (note 468).
272:
236:Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi
171:al-Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra
52:
44:
32:
25:
18:
863:, pp. 108–109, 115.
26:
1076:8th-century Arab people
1001:The ʿAbbāsid Revolution
240:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
1019:Sharon, Moshe (1990).
998:Shaban, M. A. (1979).
371:; in their place, the
146:
60:; interim governor of
277:Further information:
144:
178:al-Harith ibn Surayj
106:al-Harith ibn Surayj
911:, pp. 116–118.
899:, pp. 104–107.
887:, pp. 115–116.
875:, pp. 159–160.
779:, pp. 136–137.
767:, pp. 107–108.
743:, pp. 135–136.
719:, pp. 134–135.
605:, pp. 188–191.
557:, pp. 127–128.
521:, pp. 125–126.
497:, pp. 139–147.
485:, pp. 122–123.
449:, pp. 131–139.
425:, pp. 126–128.
363:, overthrowing the
287:, during which the
215:Battle of Kharistan
180:by the governor of
68:uprising in 744–747
64:(738); leader of a
975:Hawting, Gerald R.
641:, pp. 90–103.
361:Abbasid Revolution
339:Nasr retreated to
289:Qays–Yaman rivalry
279:Abbasid Revolution
238:. However, Caliph
147:
126:Abbasid Revolution
1053:978-0-87395-884-4
940:978-0-88706-569-9
827:, pp. 46–47.
791:, pp. 45–46.
731:, pp. 44–45.
695:, pp. 43–44.
680:, pp. 42–43.
617:, pp. 36–37.
569:, pp. 26–27.
509:, pp. 83–84.
473:, pp. 80–81.
375:was established.
373:Abbasid Caliphate
365:Umayyad Caliphate
249:) distrusted the
206:Türgesh Khaganate
190:Upper Tokharistan
102:Umayyad Caliphate
72:
71:
58:Umayyad Caliphate
45:Years active
1133:
1057:
1036:
1015:
994:
970:
944:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
681:
675:
669:
663:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
603:Blankinship 1989
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
540:
534:
531:Blankinship 1989
528:
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
495:Blankinship 1989
492:
486:
480:
474:
468:
462:
459:Blankinship 1989
456:
450:
447:Blankinship 1989
444:
438:
432:
426:
423:Blankinship 1989
420:
414:
408:
397:
394:Blankinship 1989
391:
327:
309:
248:
246:
232:governor of Iraq
224:
210:heavily defeated
91:
88:
84:
20:Juday al-Kirmani
16:
15:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1033:
1012:
991:
941:
920:
915:
907:
903:
895:
891:
883:
879:
871:
867:
859:
855:
847:
843:
835:
831:
823:
819:
811:
807:
799:
795:
787:
783:
775:
771:
763:
759:
751:
747:
739:
735:
727:
723:
715:
711:
703:
699:
691:
684:
676:
672:
664:
657:
649:
645:
637:
633:
625:
621:
613:
609:
601:
597:
589:
585:
577:
573:
565:
561:
553:
549:
541:
537:
529:
525:
517:
513:
505:
501:
493:
489:
481:
477:
469:
465:
457:
453:
445:
441:
433:
429:
421:
417:
409:
400:
392:
385:
381:
369:Umayyad dynasty
281:
275:
263:Nasr ibn Sayyar
243:
139:
134:
114:Nasr ibn Sayyar
89:
56:General of the
40:
37:
28:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1139:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1016:
1010:
995:
989:
971:
949:Gibb, H. A. R.
945:
939:
927:, ed. (1989).
919:
916:
914:
913:
901:
889:
877:
865:
853:
841:
829:
817:
815:, p. 137.
805:
803:, p. 108.
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
721:
709:
707:, p. 107.
697:
682:
670:
668:, p. 134.
655:
643:
631:
629:, p. 131.
619:
607:
595:
593:, p. 127.
583:
571:
559:
547:
535:
533:, p. 187.
523:
511:
499:
487:
475:
463:
461:, p. 141.
451:
439:
427:
415:
398:
382:
380:
377:
274:
271:
247: 724–743
138:
135:
133:
130:
90: 736–747
70:
69:
54:
53:Known for
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
38:
34:
30:
29:
23:
22:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1138:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Arab generals
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1032:965-223-388-9
1028:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1013:
1011:0-521-29534-3
1007:
1003:
1002:
996:
992:
990:0-415-24072-7
986:
982:
981:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
955:
950:
946:
942:
936:
932:
931:
926:
922:
921:
910:
905:
898:
897:Williams 1985
893:
886:
881:
874:
869:
862:
857:
851:, p. 47.
850:
845:
839:, p. 85.
838:
837:Williams 1985
833:
826:
821:
814:
809:
802:
797:
790:
785:
778:
773:
766:
761:
755:, p. 45.
754:
749:
742:
737:
730:
725:
718:
713:
706:
701:
694:
689:
687:
679:
674:
667:
662:
660:
653:, p. 96.
652:
647:
640:
635:
628:
623:
616:
611:
604:
599:
592:
587:
581:, p. 81.
580:
575:
568:
563:
556:
551:
545:, p. 36.
544:
539:
532:
527:
520:
515:
508:
503:
496:
491:
484:
479:
472:
467:
460:
455:
448:
443:
437:, p. 87.
436:
431:
424:
419:
413:, p. 34.
412:
407:
405:
403:
395:
390:
388:
383:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
352:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
326:
321:
316:
313:
308:
302:
298:
294:
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211:
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183:
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174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
143:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:commander in
95:
80:
76:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
35:
31:
27:جديع الكرماني
24:
17:
1042:
1021:
1000:
979:
953:
929:
909:Hawting 2000
904:
892:
885:Hawting 2000
880:
868:
861:Hawting 2000
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
801:Hawting 2000
796:
784:
772:
765:Hawting 2000
760:
748:
736:
724:
712:
705:Hawting 2000
700:
673:
651:Hawting 2000
646:
639:Hawting 2000
634:
622:
610:
598:
586:
574:
562:
550:
538:
526:
514:
502:
490:
478:
466:
454:
442:
435:Hawting 2000
430:
418:
353:
338:
317:
282:
228:
175:
148:
137:Early career
74:
73:
873:Shaban 1979
849:Sharon 1990
825:Sharon 1990
813:Shaban 1979
789:Sharon 1990
777:Shaban 1979
753:Sharon 1990
741:Shaban 1979
729:Sharon 1990
717:Shaban 1979
693:Sharon 1990
678:Sharon 1990
666:Shaban 1979
627:Shaban 1979
615:Sharon 1990
591:Shaban 1979
567:Sharon 1990
555:Shaban 1979
543:Sharon 1990
519:Shaban 1979
483:Shaban 1979
411:Sharon 1990
285:Third Fitna
173:in Kirman.
1071:747 deaths
1065:Categories
957:. London:
379:References
349:Abu Muslim
345:Hashimiyya
202:Oxus River
167:Muhallabid
967:499987512
579:Gibb 1923
507:Gibb 1923
471:Gibb 1923
325:Yamaniyya
301:Yazid III
293:Marwan II
194:al-Tabari
163:Azd 'Uman
132:Biography
92:) was an
977:(2000).
951:(1923).
341:Nishapur
307:muqatila
267:Damascus
182:Khurasan
108:and his
98:Khurasan
62:Khurasan
918:Sources
312:Rabi'ah
149:As his
110:Türgesh
48:736–747
1050:
1029:
1008:
987:
965:
937:
347:under
273:Revolt
221:khagan
159:Kirman
155:Jiruft
118:Yamani
79:Arabic
334:Tamim
330:Mudar
259:Mudar
251:Yaman
198:Balkh
151:nisba
66:Yaman
1048:ISBN
1027:ISBN
1006:ISBN
985:ISBN
963:OCLC
935:ISBN
320:Merv
297:Qays
255:Qays
122:Merv
94:Azdi
39:Merv
33:Died
1081:Azd
357:Ali
257:or
157:in
87:fl.
36:747
1067::
961:.
685:^
658:^
401:^
386:^
269:.
245:r.
234:,
184:,
128:.
85:;
81::
1056:.
1035:.
1014:.
993:.
969:.
943:.
304:(
242:(
77:(
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