Jewish views on homosexuality

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law) recognizes the category of 'constraint' (me'ones) excusing one in circumstances beyond one's control. Because there is no possibility of change to a hetereosexual preference, the homosexual should be considered to be acting under 'constraint'. A decade later, Matt went further and rejected his own suggestion that homosexuals should be tolerated because they are acting out of uncontrollable compulsion. Homosexuality is rather part of God's creation; therefore, gay men and lesbians may be ordained to the rabbinate. Matt went further than many other Conservative Jews, but virtually all Jewish writers support the decriminalization of private sexual acts. Another Conservative Rabbi, Robert Kirshchner, pointed out that 'in the interpretation of Jewish tradition, where there is a halachic will, there is a halachic way. In other words, if our understanding of a situation changes, we Jews have always found a way to make the law fit in with our new understanding.'

1467:. Mishkan HaNefesh can be translated as "sanctuary of the soul". It replaces a line from the Reform movement's earlier prayerbook, "Gates of Repentance", that mentioned the joy of a bride and groom specifically, with the line "rejoicing with couples under the chuppah ", and adds a third, non-gendered option to the way worshippers are called to the Torah, offering "mibeit", Hebrew for "from the house of", in addition to the traditional "son of" or "daughter of". The Mishkan HaNefesh includes several sets of translations for the traditional prayers. Psalm 23 includes the familiar "traditional" translation, an adaptation that is considered "gender-sensitive" but remains faithful to the traditional version, a feminist adaption from Phyllis Appell Bass, and the fourth was published in 1978 by a contemporary rabbi. 773:

therefore, people with same-sex tendencies, men and women, have no invalidation in halacha or tradition. They are obligated by the commandments of the Torah, they can fulfill a obligation on behalf of the public, and carry out all of the community functions just like any member." It also stated, in part, "Just as it inconceivable to mock someone for being physically, behaviorally, or mentally different, so too those with same-sex tendencies should not be mocked. On the contrary, those around them—family and community—should show special feeling for them, and apply to them the Torah commandment of 'Love thy neighbor as thyself' and to be diligent in avoiding the prohibition of insulting another."

1276:, claims to have studied every reference he could find to homosexual activity mentioned in ancient Greek and Latin writers. Every citation he found described an encounter between males where one party, the master, physically abused another, the slave. Rabbi Artson could not find a single example where one partner was not subservient to the other. "Homosexual relationships today", Rabbi Artson says, "should not be compared to the ancient world. I know too many homosexual individuals, including close friends and relatives, who are committed to one another in loving long-term monogamous relationships. I know too many same-sex couples that are loving parents raising good descent [ 578: 1626: 2141:(Kobetz Teshuvot 3:184): דווקא בבא על הזכר, אבל בבא דרך איברים על הזכר לא שייך איסור וחיוב מלקות על הקריבה... שהרי לדעת הרמב"ם בכלל איסור קריבה גם חיבוק ונישוק, ואיסור זה לא שייך באיש לאיש... אמנם ודאי חיבוק ונישוק זכר לזכר אין בכלל הלאו הנ"ל, ובזה יש לומר דהוי ליה כאב לבתו ואם לבנה... אבל בזכר הבא על אחר דרך איברים מנא לן לחלק בזה, והרי לפי המנחת חינוך בבא על הזכר חייב גם על הקריבה? אכן ממה שכתב הרמב"ם בפרק א' מאיסורי ביאה... וכתב המגיד משנה... משמע שאין בזה אלא איסור מדבריהם..." 8135: 1736: 1638: 1117: 1750: 1152:

gay/lesbian/bisexual clergy. Two others completely retained traditional prohibitions. Under the rules of the Conservative movement, the adoption of multiple opinions permits individual Conservative rabbis, congregations, and rabbinical schools to select which opinion to accept, and hence to choose individually whether to maintain a traditional prohibition on homosexual conduct or to permit openly gay/lesbian/bisexual unions and clergy.

8149: 1722: 4265: 1606: 639:(commandments) but only choose to practice three of them: one, they do not draw up marriage contracts for homosexuals – two, they do not merchandise (human) flesh in the marketplace – three, they do have respect for the Torah. Although in passages from the Torah it is quite clear that non-Jews do indeed practice homosexuality and that it’s allowed for them – since in 390:, if there were two witnesses to the act, if the men involved were warned that they committed a capital offense, and the two men—or the willing party, in case of rape—subsequently acknowledged the warning but continued to engage in the prohibited act anyway. In fact, there is no account of capital punishment, in regards to this law, in Jewish history. 1577:

gender identity. We recognize respectful and mutual expressions of adult human sexuality as potentially sacred expressions of love, and therefore, we strive to welcome a variety of constellations of intimate relationships and family forms including gay, lesbian, and heterosexual relationships as well as people choosing to be single."

3760:

Herschell Matt, a Conservative Jewish thinker, moved away from the category of 'illness' to speaking of 'sexual deviance, malfunctioning, or abnormality-usually unavoidable and often irredemediable. Matt recignized traditional reasons for condemning homosexuality, but argued that Halakah (traditional

1410:

to "educate HUC-JIR students on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender issues to help them challenge and eliminate homophobia and heterosexism; and to learn tools to be able to transform the communities they encounter into ones that are inclusive and welcoming of LGBT Jews". It is the first and only

1259:

movement - distinct from but seen as a fraternal counterpart and in some ways spiritual ancestor of the modern Masorti movement - has been more divided. Although not embracing and providing for same-gender marriage or full inclusion in Jewish life, Mazsihisz, the main representative umbrella body for

659:, discussed "individuals who express an inclination towards a particular form of physical relationship in which the libidinal gratification is sought with members of one's own gender". He wrote that "society and government must be to offer a helping hand to those who are afflicted with this problem". 1705:

has, among other things, the Twice Blessed Collection, circa 1966-2000; this collection "consists of materials documenting the Jewish lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender experience, circa 1966-2000, collected by the Jewish Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Archives, founded and operated by

1294:

movement, the largest branch of Judaism in North America, has rejected the traditional view of Jewish Law on homosexuality and bisexuality. As such, they do not prohibit the ordination of openly gay, lesbian, and bisexual people as rabbis and cantors. They view Levitical laws as sometimes seen to be

1264:

that held "the sanctification of the woman-man relationship by marriage is the foundation of human dignity". His critics included Mazsihisz's Chief Rabbi and earlier that same year the movement made a statement widely seen as condemning new Hungarian laws limiting the exposure of children to content

1009:

and Zev Farber have questioned the opposition of Orthodox groups to government recognition of same-sex civil marriages (or in Boteach's case, to state-sanctioned civil unions), arguing that although Judaism does not condone homosexuality, governments should not enforce any particular religion's view

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organization that focuses on "prevention, intervention, and healing of the underlying issues causing same-sex attractions". In 2012, four former clients of JONAH sued the organization for fraud, claiming that it sold them therapies that were ineffective and counterproductive. Soon after in that same

871:

reported about Shua Brick, "experts say that Brick is the first openly gay rabbi to serve on the clergy of an Orthodox synagogue in the U.S.", explaining that Brick "runs the youth program, leads Torah study for adults, and fills in when the senior rabbi is out of town" at Beth Jacob Congregation in

772:

An edict signed by dozens of Israeli Orthodox rabbis and published in 2016 by the Israeli Modern Orthodox rabbinic group Beit Hillel, a group which promotes inclusiveness in Orthodox Judaism, stated, in part, "According to the Torah and halacha, the acts are forbidden, but not the proclivities, and

369:

authority rules that two men cannot be alone together if both of them are homosexual. Opinions also exist that the prohibition only applies to two men who are in a relationship with each other, or that there is no technical prohibition at all if they are confident they can avoid forbidden touch (but

1260:

Neolog Judaism, has affirmed its opposition to exclusion by homophobia and in 2013 dismissed the director of its youth movement for making comments about excluding gay people from all religious life for their sexual orientation. In 2021 the President of Mazsihisz was made to apologise for signing a

1159:, Daniel Nevins, and Avram Reisner. It lifted most restrictions on homosexual conduct and opened the way to the ordination of openly gay/lesbian/bisexual rabbis and cantors and acceptance of homosexual unions, but stopped short of religiously recognizing same-sex marriage. The responsum invoked the 1112:

Conservative Jewish writer Herschell Matt initially argued that homosexuals may be excused because Judaism does recognise 'constraint' as a valid excuse to disobey the law. However, Matt later shifted to outright support for homosexuality, viewing it as part of the natural order. Conservative Rabbi

966:

is reported to have said that the intensity of Orthodox community's condemnation of homosexuality goes beyond what its status as a religious transgression warrants, and that he feels toward homosexual people "criticism, disapproval, but tempered with an element of sympathy". Rabbi Steven Greenberg,

1592:

issued a resolution supporting "the legal recognition of marriage and divorce between adults of the same sex", and affirming "the value of marriage between any two committed adults with the sense of obligations, responsibilities, and consequences thereof". In 2010 they pledged to speak out against

1386:

In 1998, an ad hoc CCAR committee on Human Sexuality issued its majority report (11 to 1, 1 abstention) which stated that the holiness within a Jewish marriage "may be present in committed same-gender relationships between two Jews and that these relationships can serve as the foundation of stable

1366:

However we may understand homosexuality, whether as an illness, as a genetically based dysfunction or as a sexual preference and lifestyle—we cannot accommodate the relationship of two homosexuals as a "marriage" within the context of Judaism, for none of the elements of qiddushin (sanctification)

1343:

announced a national policy declaring lesbian and gay Jews to be full and equal members of the religious community. Also in 1990, the CCAR officially endorsed a report of their own Ad Hoc Committee on Homosexuality and the Rabbinate. This position paper urged that "all rabbis, regardless of sexual

1299:

nations, rather than a blanket condemnation of same-sex intercourse, homosexuality, or bisexuality. Reform authorities consider that, in light of what is seen as current scientific evidence about the nature of homosexuality and bisexuality as inborn sexual orientations, a new interpretation of the

1188:, adopted as a minority opinion by 6 votes, delineated ways in which to ensure that gays and lesbians would be accorded human dignity and a respected place in Conservative communities and institutions while maintaining the authority of the traditional prohibitions against same-sex sexual activity. 1019:

on homosexuality, arguing that he does not deny that there is a biblical prohibition on male same-sex relationships and a commandment for men and women to marry and have children. Still, he understands those in context. "There are 613 commandments in the Torah... So when Jewish gay couples tell me

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movement and hired as the rabbi for congregation P'nai Or of Portland. The Statement of Principles of ALEPH: Alliance for Jewish Renewal (and OHALAH and the Rabbinic Pastors Association) states in part, "We welcome and recognize the sanctity of every individual regardless of sexual orientation or

1426:

issued a statement describing their support for human and civil rights and the struggles of the bisexual and transgender communities, and saying, "Women of Reform Judaism accordingly: Calls for civil rights protections from all forms of discrimination against bisexual and transgender individuals;

1555:

practices; it describes itself as "a worldwide, transdenominational movement grounded in Judaism's prophetic and mystical traditions". The Jewish Renewal movement ordains people of all sexual orientations as rabbis and cantors. In 2005, Eli Cohen became the first openly gay rabbi ordained by the

1398:

In March 2000, the CCAR issued a new resolution stating that "We do hereby resolve that the relationship of a Jewish, same-gender couple is worthy of affirmation through appropriate Jewish ritual and further resolve, that we recognize the diversity of opinions within our ranks on this issue. We

311:. Nevertheless, some sources raise the possibility that the law may be more lenient for two men than for a man and a woman. The consensus seems to be that touch between gay men which involves sexual desire is rabbinically forbidden, while touch which does not involve sexual desire is permitted. 797:

argued that some (although not all) homosexuals should be viewed as diseased and in need of compassion and treatment, rather than willful rebels who should be ostracized. He distinguishes between six varieties of homosexuals, including "genuine homosexuals" who have "strong preferential erotic

906:

generally, or JONAH specifically. In 2015, a New Jersey jury found JONAH guilty of consumer fraud for promising to be able to change its clients' sexual urges and determined its commercial practices to be unconscionable. As part of the sentence, JONAH was required to cease all operations, but

1322:'s principal body, adopted a resolution calling for legislation decriminalizing homosexual acts between consenting adults, and calling for an end to discrimination against gays and lesbians. The resolution called on Reform Jewish organizations to develop programs to implement this stand. 1151:

reflecting very different approaches to the subject. One responsum substantially liberalized Conservative Judaism's approach including lifting most (but not all) classical prohibitions on homosexual conduct and permitted the blessing of homosexual unions and the ordination of openly

1524:. As the President, she is believed to be the first woman and first lesbian to lead a Jewish congregational union, and the first female rabbi and first lesbian to lead a Jewish seminary; the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College is both a congregational union and a seminary. 1232:

Although the American example was initially an outlier in the global Conservative movement, it is now the case that "all Masorti seminaries, except for the one in Argentina, now accept openly gay students". Since 2014 in the United Kingdom the Masorti movement offers a

252:

between two males). Rabbinic thought supports this view, condemning homosexuality as an example of "unnatural intercourse" compared to the "natural intercourse" between non-related men and women. Intercourse in both scenarios only occur if penetration exists.

1252:, wrote to the CJLS protesting its reconsideration of the traditional ban on homosexual conduct. Despite the contention within the Israeli movement however in the same year, Israel's Schechter Rabbinical Seminary sanctioned the training of openly gay Rabbis. 1143:. In 1992, the CJLS action affirmed its traditional prohibition on homosexual conduct, blessing same-sex unions, and ordaining openly gay/lesbian/bisexual clergy. However, these prohibitions grew increasingly controversial within the Conservative movement. 849:

in Israel. Yosef remains in his position as a pulpit Rabbi. Yosef testified that his Yemenite congregation did not accept him being a homosexual very easily and it took them a while to accept it. Yosef received death threats in the year leading up to the

478:

on the same grounds. The penalty for lesbian acts was flagellation, rather than the death penalty. Two reasons that explain the latter include lesbianism not being explicitly prohibited in the Torah and the belief that it did not constitute intercourse.

1660:, established in 1972 in West Los Angeles, was the world's first explicitly-gay-and-lesbian-centered synagogue recognized by the Reform Jewish community, resulting in a slew of non-Orthodox congregations being established along similar lines, including 1043:

In November 2016, dozens of LGBT activists protested in Jerusalem against comments reportedly made by the city's chief rabbi Rabbi Shlomo Amar, who reportedly told an Israeli newspaper that gay people were an "abomination", and homosexuality a "cult".

643:

18:3 there is a strict instruction not to follow the so-called "acts of Egypt" among which there was also homosexuality included in them. Canaanites were also claimed to be engaging in homosexual acts as well. The archetypal model in Judaism is

1407: 854:. In 2013, he stated he was in a relationship with a man. Yosef has stated his approach to the issue of homosexuality in Judaism as follows: "It is clear to me that lying with another man is forbidden, and our starting point is commitment to 784:

rejects the view that homosexuality is to be regarded merely as a disease or as morally neutral... Jewish law holds that no hedonistic ethic, even if called "love", can justify the morality of homosexuality any more than it can legitimize

1307:, the world's first explicitly-gay-and-lesbian-centered synagogue recognized by the Reform Jewish community, was established in West Los Angeles, resulting in a slew of non-Orthodox congregations being established along similar lines. 1492:(RRA) encourages its members to officiate at same-sex marriages/commitment ceremonies, though the RRA does not require its members to officiate at them. In 2007, the Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association elected as president Rabbi 511:

sanctifies the relationship between the spouses rather than the "sexual intimacies" they commit. The permissibility of same-sex marriage is also compared to the permissibility of marriage between a divorcee and a male descendant of a

1169:, which the authors translated as "human dignity", as authority for this approach. The responsum maintained a prohibition on male-male anal sex, which it described as the sole Biblically prohibited homosexual act. This act remains a 998:("Majesty"). In 2012, Hod held an advertising campaign against conversion therapies and for self-acceptance of the religious homosexual community in Israel. Online blogs and support groups have enabled many to find other Orthodox 1427:

Urges that such legislation allows transgender individuals to be seen under the law as the gender by which they identify; and Calls upon sisterhoods to hold informative programs about the transgender and bisexual communities."

1418:

retroactively applied its pro-rights policy on gays and lesbians to the bisexual and transgender communities, issuing a resolution titled, "Support for the Inclusion and Acceptance of the Transgender and Bisexual Communities".

634:

to die rather than do. According to the Talmud, homosexual acts are not necessarily forbidden between non-Jews, as it merely states that the "bnei Noach" i.e. the "descendants of Noah" (the entire world) have accepted thirty

2980: 382:, though minors under 13 years of age were exempt from this, as from any other penalty. However, even in Biblical times, it was very difficult to get a conviction that would lead to this prescribed punishment. The Jewish 1479:

sees homosexuality and bisexuality as normal expressions of sexuality and welcomes gays, bisexuals, and lesbians into Reconstructionist communities to participate fully in every aspect of community life. Since 1985, the

798:

feelings for members of the same sex", "transitory" and "situational" homosexuals who would prefer heterosexual intercourse but are denied it or seek gain in homosexuality, and heterosexuals who are merely curious.

1709:

Recent research by the sociocultural psychologist, Chana Etengoff, has highlighted the therapeutic benefits of LGBTQ petitions to religious leaders, including meaning-making, social action, agency and empowerment.

143:; one opinion continues to follow the Orthodox position while another opinion substantially liberalizes the view of homosexual sex and relationships (while continuing to regard certain sexual acts as prohibited). 600:

community, Orthodox Judaism generally prohibits homosexual conduct. While there is some disagreement about which male homosexual acts come under core prohibitions, the majority of Orthodox Judaism puts male-male

6108:

Halbertal, T. H., & Koren, I. (2006). Between "being" and "doing": Conflict and coherence in the identity formation of gay and lesbian Orthodox Jews. In D. P. McAdams, R. Josselson, and A. Lieblich (Eds.),

1218:) in Los Angeles had previously stated that it will immediately begin admitting gay/lesbian/bisexual students as soon as the law committee passes a policy that sanctions such ordination. On March 26, 2007, the 415:

is inherently sinful. In fact, the mental and emotional feelings two men experience when they engage in intimate relations are not condemned. However, they are condemned if intercourse, commonly interpreted as

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orientation, be accorded the opportunity to fulfill the sacred vocation that they have chosen". The committee endorsed the view that "all Jews are religiously equal, regardless of their sexual orientation".

956:. In the foreword, Rabbi Sacks has written: "Compassion, sympathy, empathy, understanding – these are essential elements of Judaism. They are what homosexual Jews who care about Judaism need from us today." 2534:

Judaism's sexual ideal is marital sex; all other forms of sexual behavior deviate from that ideal. There is a continuum of wrong from premarital sex, to celibacy, to adultery, to homosexuality, incest, and

1361:

In 1996, the CCAR passed a resolution approving the same-sex civil marriage. However, this same resolution made a distinction between civil marriages and religious marriages; this resolution thus stated:

1146:

In 2006, the CJLS shifted its position and paved the way for significant changes regarding the Conservative movement's policies toward homosexuality. On December 6, 2006, The CJLS adopted three distinct

810:, who received Orthodox rabbinic ordination, publicly announced in 1999 that he was homosexual, there was a significant response from rabbis of all denominations reported in the Jewish newspapers. Rabbi 6039:

Etengoff, Chana; Daiute, Colette (2015). "Clinicians' perspective of the relational processes for family and individual development during the mediation of religious and sexual identity disclosure".

428:(repentance), i.e., he ceases his forbidden actions, regrets what he has done, apologizes to God, and makes a binding resolution never to repeat those actions, he is seen to be forgiven by God. 978:

In both the United States and in Israel several groups have sprung up in the last few years that seek to support those who identify as both Orthodox and homosexual; support Orthodox parents of

1508:; she was ordained in June 2018, which made her the first openly homosexual, female, black rabbi in the world. In 2013, the Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association elected as president Rabbi 4749: 3938: 1020:

they have never been attracted to members of the opposite sex and are desperate alone, I tell them "You have 611 commandments left. That should keep you busy. Now, go create a kosher home

1594: 6258: 4364: 6010:

Etengoff, Chana; Daiute, Colette (November 2014). "Online coming-out communications between gay men and their religious family allies: a family of choice and origin perspective".

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formally approved same-sex marriage ceremonies in a 13–0 vote. In 2021, two Conservative Rabbis became the first known example of two Rabbis of the same sex marrying each other.

4809: 1070:

has not been erased from the Torah. But that biblical commandment does not give us license to ignore or abuse the significant number of carefully observant Jews who are LGBTQ."

1395:(rabbinical opinion) that offered detailed argumentation in support of both sides of the question whether a rabbi may officiate at a commitment ceremony for a same-sex couple. 3837:

Rabbi Leonard Levy's responsum, which accepts reparative therapy as a possibility and supports the same public policy as Rabbi Roth, attained the minimum threshold of 6 votes.

1656:

Jewish LGBT rights advocates and sympathetic clergy have created various institutions within Jewish life to accommodate gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender parishioners.

865:

In 2019 Daniel Atwood became the first openly gay Orthodox person to be ordained as a rabbi; he was ordained by the rabbi Daniel Landes, in Jerusalem. In October 2023,

5448: 4440: 1568:, born in Amsterdam and now living in Germany, became the first openly lesbian cantor ordained by the Jewish Renewal movement. In 2011, the bisexual rights activist 1028:

in his life. He believes that the biggest threat to marriage does not come from gay marriage, but heterosexual divorce, which he says afflicts half of marriages. He

826:), he is generally described as the first openly gay Orthodox Jewish rabbi. However, some Orthodox Jews, including many rabbis, dispute his being an Orthodox rabbi. 766: 730: 520:(priest). The latter is accepted by adherents of Conservative Judaism because they believe the ethical components of Judaism, exemplified by justice and compassion, 4005: 1445:

In 2014, the CCAR joined a lawsuit challenging North Carolina's ban on same-sex marriage, which is America's first faith-based challenge to same-sex marriage bans.

2503: 236:

And if a man lie with mankind, as with womankind, both of them have committed a detestable act: They shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them.

4166: 496:

states: "'Like the deeds of the land of Egypt where you dwelt, you shall not do' – What would they do? A man would marry a man, a woman would marry a woman..."

1185: 470:

condemned marriage between two women, considering it within the category of licentious foreign behavior which is forbidden to Jews. Following this lead, later

3908: 2491: 713:

On July 22, 2010, a "Statement of Principles on the Place of Jews with a Homosexual Orientation in Our Community" was released. It was written primarily by

5768:"'Let Us Bless the Twilight': Intersectionality of Traditional Jewish Ritual and Queer Pride in a Reform Congregation in Israel" by Elazar Ben-Lulu (2019). 4201: 3889: 3864: 3503: 982:

children; and promote understanding of homosexuality within Orthodox communities and among Orthodox rabbis. These include an umbrella organization called

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declared that the Jewish values of justice, equality, and dignity lead him to support the cause of gay rights and advocate for same-sex civil marriage.

393:

Rabbinic tradition understands the Torah's system of capital punishment to not be in effect for the past approximately 2,000 years, in the absence of a

6195: 2695: 1460: 5634:

Olyan, Saul M. (1994). ""And with a Male You Shall Not Lie the Lying down of a Woman": On the Meaning and Significance of Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13".

4415: 2416: 1372:

The Central Conference of American Rabbis support the right of gay and lesbian couples to share fully and equally in the rights of civil marriage, and

6472: 5244: 5240: 4718: 3685: 1403: 1333: 902:(RCA), a professional association of more than 1,000 Orthodox rabbis around the world, sent an open email to its members that it no longer supported 818:, stated, "It is very sad that an individual who attended our yeshiva sunk to the depths of what we consider a depraved society." As Greenberg has a 4759: 3942: 3773: 2992: 1698:

from the 1950s until the present, was launched. It is the United Kingdom's first archive of Jewish bisexual, lesbian, gay, and transgender history.

1282:] ethical children. Who's to say their family relationships are less sanctified in the eyes of God than mine is with my wife and our children?" 7639: 5335: 4226: 1203: 1597:

has also issued a pro-LGBT statement titled "In Support of Diverse Sexualities and Gender Identities". It was adopted in 2003 and issued in 2004.

1399:

support the decision of those who choose to officiate at rituals of union for same-sex couples, and we support the decision of those who do not."

8029: 6440: 2762: 3964: 6712: 4307: 4037: 1484:

has admitted openly gay, bisexual, and lesbian candidates to their rabbinical and cantorial programs. In 1993, a movement Commission issued:

872:

Oakland, California, where he started coming out as gay to members of the congregation over a year prior to October 2023. He was ordained by

192: 3706: 1970:

Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 54a and b; Josephus, Against Apion 2.199; and Philo, Abraham 135. Some modern authors stating this view include

6347: 5987:

Etengoff, Chana; Daiute, Colette (February 2014). "Family members' uses of religion in post–coming-out conflicts with their gay relative".

5882: 5493: 1694:

In October 2012 Rainbow Jews, an oral history project showcasing the lives of Jewish bisexual, lesbian, gay, and transgender people in the

971:

in the Torah, homosexual men are disproportionately censured. While some Modern Orthodox congregations may still invite a person up for an

4868: 4368: 4097: 3078: 1904: 1890: 1184:, adopted as a majority opinion by 13 votes, reaffirmed a general complete prohibition on homosexual conduct. A second responsum by Rabbi 1113:

Robert Kirshchner states that Jews have historically adapted their laws to new circumstances, indicating accommodation for homosexuality.

1024:

you are His beloved children." Five years later he wrote that he believed in the equality of all of God's children, and has seen too much

7989: 4143: 1100: 666:

organization appealed to the Orthodox community to recognize them as part of the religious society. Up to 2013, 163 Orthodox rabbis from

4494: 346:

of two men is permitted, because "Jews are not suspected of homosexual sex". Nevertheless, the Shulchan Aruch recommended to avoid such

6507: 6311: 5955: 5673:

Thurston, Thomas (1990). "Leviticus 18:22 and the Prohibition of Homosexual Acts". In Stemmeler, Michael L.; Clark, J. Michael (eds.).

5557: 4816: 3006: 6123: 5021: 4499: 17: 4539: 3594: 1295:

referring to prostitution, making it a stand against Jews adopting the idolatrous fertility cults and practices of the neighbouring

6536: 6248: 5088: 4893: 3801: 3648: 1876: 1489: 1387:

Jewish families, thus adding strength to the Jewish community". The report called for the CCAR to support rabbis in officiating at

5701: 5171:

Etengoff, Chana (2016-04-04). "Petitioning for Social Change: Letters to Religious Leaders From Gay Men and Their Family Allies".

3572: 1675:

LGBT-inclusive services and ceremonies specific to Jewish religious culture have also been created, ranging from LGBT-affirmative

1245:, the seven blessings, the wine, the glass breaking, but without the symbolic act of acquisition in a traditional Jewish wedding. 8035: 6435: 5989: 5950: 2236: 1788: 1222:

in New York followed suit and began accepting openly gay/lesbian/bisexual candidates for admission for their Rabbinical program.

1198:

The consequences of the decision have been mixed. On the one hand, four members of the Committee—Rabbis Joel Roth, Leonard Levy,

4782: 4247: 3484: 3443: 2874: 2735: 1059:

corrupt from beginning to end". This affair caused Dweck to step down from the Sephardic Beth Din but not as a communal leader.

322:(seclusion of two individuals together in a manner that would allow them to have sex). The Talmud records a debate over whether 7135: 6589: 6380: 6188: 5907: 5522: 3103: 1219: 1120: 3666: 2667: 7130: 6390: 5925: 5359: 3753: 3251: 2547: 2527: 1702: 1315: 1132: 1010:

of marriage, and that conferring civil benefits to committed homosexual couples should be viewed as promoting family values.

136: 2709: 139:, which until December 2006 held the same position as Orthodoxy, has since issued multiple opinions under its philosophy of 6462: 6385: 4992: 4471: 3890:"Rabbi Joel Roth, "Op-Ed: Law committee in its gay ruling stepped outside halachic framework", JTS News, December 10, 2006" 3530:"My Jewish Perspective on Homosexuality; I tell gay couples they still have 611 of the Torah's 613 rules to keep them busy" 3465: 1521: 1505: 1481: 648:

with fornication, celibacy, adultery, homosexuality, incest and bestiality seen to be part of a continuous prism of wrong.

356:

dancer-prostitutes in the Ottoman Empire at the time). However, this recommendation was not repeated by later authorities.

7039: 4448: 7150: 7145: 6569: 6240: 5636: 5314: 5047: 4012: 30: 7962: 6839: 6253: 4608: 4170: 3207: 1207: 296: 5398: 4120: 3978: 3172: 6990: 6844: 6370: 6283: 6273: 6181: 5547: 5530: 5285: 4966: 2379: 2362: 851: 4940: 4064: 3832: 725:. Signatories include more than a hundred rabbis and laypeople. Some of the statement's more notable supporters are 694:. In 2010, TorahWeb.org published a brief position statement entitled "Torah View on Homosexuality", co-authored by 6899: 6807: 5577:

and Rosenthol, Gilly, "Hear, I Pray You, This Dream Which I Have Dreamed" and "I Can Love All The Faces of G-d" in

2847: 2819: 1109:

and institutional policy, Conservative ("Masorti") Judaism has wrestled with homosexuality issues since the 1980s.

1055:

is a fantastic development for humanity". These words were condemned by Rabbi Aaron Bassous as "false and misguided

975:

who is known not to keep kosher, the same is not always true of a man known to engage in same-sex sexual activity.

227:.וְאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁכַּב אֶת-זָכָר מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה — תּוֹעֵבָה עָשׂוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם. מוֹת יוּמָתוּ; דְּמֵיהֶם בָּם 5597:

Moss Jacob A., Ulmer Rivka (2008). "Two men under one cloak—the Sages permit it: Homosexual Marriage in Judaism".

4540:"'Gates of Repentance' replacement advances Reform trends | j. the Jewish news weekly of Northern California" 4346: 3916: 8064: 7258: 6430: 6337: 6223: 2897: 1823: 1818: 1661: 1174: 1002:

people with whom to share the conflict between Orthodox religious and social norms and LGBT self-identification.

938: 631: 458:) without explicitly prohibiting it; the main concern was whether or not this activity removed their status as a 4205: 3893: 3868: 1672:

in Chicago. Beth Chayim Chadashim now focuses on the entire LGBT community, rather than just gays and lesbians.

1382:

That this is a matter of civil law, and is separate from the question of rabbinic officiation at such marriages.

8190: 6940: 6500: 6354: 5709: 4841: 3272: 2993:"This Was a Week of Jewish Blessings: Gay, Orthodox Ordination, an 80-Person B'nei Mitzvah, and a Spelling Bee" 1589: 5125: 2258: 8041: 7362: 6467: 6375: 6263: 4624: 1813: 899: 754: 8185: 8104: 7972: 7967: 7155: 7140: 6904: 6859: 6604: 6288: 3529: 1358:; it was the first published argument to the Jewish community on behalf of civil marriage for gay couples. 1237:("partnership") ceremony to same-gender couples wishing to marry in a Conservative religious ceremony. The 986:, the Gay and Lesbian Yeshiva Day School Alumni Association, the women's group OrthoDykes, the youth group 746: 608: 3726: 2237:"Capital Punishment in Jewish Law and its Application to the American Legal System: A Conceptual Overview" 1588:

is a movement in Judaism that offers a non-theistic alternative in contemporary Jewish life. In 2004, the

1564:

in 2006, who became the two first openly lesbian rabbis ordained by the Jewish Renewal movement. In 2007,

8205: 8180: 8069: 8054: 6935: 6795: 6455: 6425: 6278: 6268: 5759:* "The Oxford Handbook of Theology, Sexuality, and Gender" (Judaism, Chapter 25) by Ronit Irshai (2015). 3784: 3398: 3294: 3030: 174: 5951:"Jewish gay men's accounts of negotiating cultural, religious, and sexual identity: A qualitative study" 5942: 5902:

Kulanu = (all of us) : a resource book for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (glbt) inclusion

5513:

Kulanu = (all of us) : a resource book for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (glbt) inclusion

3343: 8195: 8175: 8023: 7917: 7568: 7462: 7170: 7103: 6664: 6554: 6218: 3417: 1273: 1215: 742: 656: 412: 6078:

Glassgold, Judith M. (2008). "Bridging the divide integrating lesbian identity and Orthodox Judaism".

1336:, changed its admission requirements to allow openly gay and lesbian people to join the student body. 125:

as contrary to Judaism, not homosexuality in-and-of-itself. This opinion is often still maintained by

8139: 8079: 7977: 7957: 7827: 7752: 7612: 7479: 7165: 7125: 6493: 6316: 5343: 4872: 1946: 1798: 1476: 691: 150: 5263:

Marc Angel, Hillel Goldberg, and Pinchas Stolper, "Homosexuality and the Orthodox Jewish Community"

4227:"Rabbi Lionel Blue, the first openly gay British rabbi, dies at 86 | Jewish Telegraphic Agency" 1155:

The liberalizing responsum, adopted as a majority opinion by 13 of 25 votes, was authored by Rabbis

8059: 7890: 7189: 7064: 6342: 6204: 6041: 5518: 5406: 4787: 1415: 1340: 1319: 807: 738: 500: 488: 441: 4311: 3048: 8012: 8001: 7595: 7516: 7221: 7120: 7059: 6945: 6918: 3553: 1669: 1423: 1015: 758: 714: 614:, 'die rather than transgress', the small category of biblically-prohibited acts (also including 352:, "in these generations where promiscuous people are common" (possibly a reference to the use of 4514:"Reform rabbis install first openly gay president, Denise Eger | Jewish Telegraphic Agency" 2599: 1051:

gave a class describing "the entire revolution of feminism and even homosexuality in our society

401:. The relative absence of anti-homosexual prosecutions is also linked to the Jewish belief that 8200: 8048: 8018: 7081: 6450: 2790: 2116:, Issurei Biah 21:1; Maimonides and Nahmanides debate whether this law is biblical or rabbinic. 1793: 1773: 1763: 1504:

became the first openly homosexual African-American and first African-American admitted to the

1029: 991: 4897: 3743: 2517: 2479: 596:

While a variety of views regarding homosexuality as an inclination or status exist within the

8074: 7995: 7777: 7484: 7367: 7108: 7098: 7091: 7076: 6962: 3224: 2138: 1828: 1803: 1778: 1657: 1308: 1304: 1211: 968: 445: 290: 140: 2955: 2929: 2574: 8109: 8099: 7602: 6574: 4041: 3711: 2690: 2204: 1768: 1536: 1226: 1140: 1128: 1075: 983: 846: 532:

Reasons suggested by the rabbis for the prohibition on gay male sex include the following:

387: 188: 146: 132: 118: 5351: 5149: 5025: 3504:"Obama's Advocacy of Gay Marriage: An Alternative Orthodox Response – by Rabbi Zev Farber" 2643: 106:(something abhorred or detested) that can be subject to capital punishment by the current 8: 7757: 7725: 7651: 7560: 7506: 7113: 6913: 6647: 6612: 5887: 5765:"Israel Actually Ranks Low in Tolerance of LGBT People, Survey Says" by Ilan Lior (2015). 5498: 4694:"Rabbi Sandra Lawson named associate chaplain for Jewish life, Jewish educator at Hillel" 3623:"Rabbi Sandra Lawson named associate chaplain for Jewish life, Jewish educator at Hillel" 1630: 1354: 1136: 963: 922:, arrived in Palestine in 1940. "His reconciliation of homosexuality and Judaism involved 793:, however genuinely such acts may be performed out of love and by mutual consent." Rabbi 777: 718: 619: 408: 289:

prohibit affectionate touch between an unmarried man and woman (except close relatives),

178: 6152:

Schnoor, Randal F. (2006). "Being gay and Jewish: Negotiating intersecting identities".

3808: 941:, saying "A decent gentile got up and shot him because of his spreading homosexuality". 365:

can apply to two men in a circumstance where homosexual behavior is a concern, a modern

8089: 8084: 7895: 7617: 7494: 7489: 7474: 7444: 7397: 7320: 7226: 7086: 6659: 6564: 6531: 6410: 6295: 6140: 6097: 6080: 6066: 6027: 5972: 5904:, URJ Press, 2007, edited by Richard F. Address, Joel L. Kushner, and Geoffrey Mitelman 5868: 5734: 5726: 5653: 5622: 5515:, URJ Press, 2007, edited by Richard F. Address, Joel L. Kushner, and Geoffrey Mitelman 5480: 5204: 2767: 2068: 1585: 1464: 995: 903: 873: 862:. The goal is not to seek permission. But you need to give us a shoulder and support." 815: 703: 663: 577: 506: 417: 154: 122: 7372: 7248: 5895: 5506: 4347:"Support for the Inclusion and Acceptance of the Transgender and Bisexual Communities" 3849: 1329:

was the first British rabbi to publicly declare himself as gay, which he did in 1980.

501:

some contemporary scholars believe that same-sex marriage is theoretically permissible

121:, and has led to debate and division. Traditionally, Judaism has seen homosexual male 7873: 7804: 7686: 7671: 7454: 7325: 7290: 6579: 6144: 6101: 6058: 6031: 5921: 5762:"Being Gay and Jewish: Negotiating Intersecting Identities" by Randal Schnoor (2006). 5661: 5645: 5614: 5543: 5526: 5423: 5355: 5281: 5196: 5188: 4815:(Press release). Reconstructionst Rabbinical College. October 9, 2013. Archived from 4648: 4587: 3749: 3247: 3203: 3177: 2739: 2523: 2375: 2358: 2060: 1808: 1037: 838: 695: 645: 640: 521: 402: 265: 184: 162: 6070: 5626: 5567:

Kahn, Yoel H. "Judaism and Homosexuality: The Traditionalist/Progressive Debate" in

5208: 3979:"Conservative Judaism has just celebrated its first same-sex wedding between rabbis" 2072: 378:

Like many similar commandments, the stated punishment for willful violation was the

7939: 7907: 7868: 7839: 7822: 7772: 7573: 7382: 7315: 7268: 7216: 7184: 7175: 7160: 7034: 7009: 6985: 6869: 6800: 6717: 6584: 6161: 6132: 6089: 6050: 6019: 5998: 5976: 5964: 5891: 5718: 5693: 5606: 5502: 5415: 5347: 5180: 4577: 3130:"SPLC asks court to enforce order closing fraudulent 'conversion therapy' provider" 3031:"Orthodox Judaism has its first openly gay congregational rabbi. This is his story" 2401: 2397: 2192: 2052: 1561: 1516:

of one of the major Jewish denominations in the United States. Also in 2013, Rabbi

1241:

contains many of the iconic elements of a traditional Jewish wedding service - the

1199: 915: 762: 699: 652: 597: 581: 398: 264:." This has been interpreted as prohibiting the "sons of Israel" from serving as a 249: 126: 5828:

Like Bread on the Seder Plate: Jewish Lesbians and the Transformation of Tradition

5184: 3104:"Group claiming to turn gay men straight committed consumer fraud, N.J. jury says" 1248:

In Israel, the head of the Masorti's Vaad Halakha (equivalent to the CJLS), Rabbi

244:

Several commentators believe that the verses specifically condemn the practice of

7849: 7844: 7656: 7583: 7416: 7387: 7310: 7300: 7263: 7238: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7029: 7024: 7014: 6999: 6790: 6707: 6674: 6632: 6622: 6054: 6023: 5804: 5561: 5537: 5464: 5453: 5301: 5275: 4993:"Society for Humanistic Judaism Pledges to Speak Out Against Homophobic Bullying" 4754: 4669: 4612: 3347: 2852: 2824: 2622: 2551: 2440: 2352: 1684: 1544: 1435: 1206:—resigned from the CJLS following adoption of the change. On the other hand, the 1156: 1081: 1006: 959: 885: 683: 271: 98:) is traditionally regarded as classifying sexual intercourse between males as a 29:"LGBT topics and Judaism" redirects here. For transgender topics in Judaism, see 6121:

Mark, Naomi (2008). "Identities in conflict: forging an Orthodox gay identity".

5981: 5394: 5231:

Like Bread on a Seder Plate: Jewish Lesbians and the Transformation of Tradition

4996: 3485:"What If Government Recognized Only Civil Unions and Left Marriage to Religion?" 3444:"Guerilla Campaign Against Gay Conversion Launched In Orthodox Jewish Community" 2713: 8153: 8128: 7949: 7856: 7814: 7794: 7782: 7762: 7676: 7666: 7634: 7627: 7607: 7578: 7550: 7545: 7511: 7421: 7345: 7335: 7273: 7071: 7019: 6930: 6925: 6687: 6682: 6617: 6546: 5857: 5848: 5839: 5831: 5821: 5808: 5388: 5384: 5236: 5226: 3778:. Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, Rabbinical Assembly, December 6, 2006" 3590: 2184: 2041:""Two Men Under One Cloak"—The Sages Permit it: Homosexual Marriage in Judaism" 1727: 1695: 1688: 1665: 1573: 1557: 1532: 1517: 1456: 1348: 1291: 1269: 1249: 1165: 972: 949: 945: 934: 679: 550: 337: 256:

Deuteronomy 23:17 tells followers: "None of the daughters of Israel shall be a

158: 6136: 6093: 5610: 5051: 4783:"Trailblazing Reconstructionist Deborah Waxman Relishes Challenges of Judaism" 4285: 4065:"The Conservative Movement and Homosexuality: Settled Law in Unsettling Times" 2505:

Homosexuality and Halakah: A Second Look at the Sources – Rabbinical Assembly.

2056: 1934: 1920: 1864: 1860: 1311:

now focuses on the entire LGBT community, rather than just gays and lesbians.

8169: 7922: 7767: 7694: 7501: 7435: 7408: 7357: 7305: 7278: 7253: 7243: 7004: 6950: 6884: 6864: 6854: 6849: 6822: 6768: 6697: 6642: 6321: 6165: 5798: 5790: 5649: 5582: 5574: 5312:

Boyarin, Daniel (1995). "Are there any Jews in 'The History of Sexuality'?".

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In 2017, the Senior Rabbi of the Spanish & Portuguese Sephardi Community

811: 734: 726: 722: 707: 671: 379: 83: 61: 5900:"The Voice of a Wandering Jewish Bisexual: An Update" by Rebecca Gorlin, in 5469:"Homer And Bible: The Origin and Character of East Mediterranean Literature" 5404:

Cohen, Martin (1990). "The Biblical Prohibition of Homosexual Intercourse".

5387:, "Jews, Public Policy and Civil Rights: A Religious Jewish Perspective" at 4918: 4693: 4604: 3466:"For LGBT Orthodox Jews, Growth of Social Media Creates a Safe Space Online" 3155: 2040: 1625: 536:

The rationale for abstaining homosexuality extends beyond not emulating the

7902: 7699: 7661: 7622: 7211: 6955: 6894: 6874: 6834: 6817: 6785: 6773: 6734: 6652: 6627: 6173: 6062: 5688:

Unterman, Alan. "Judaism and Homosexuality: Some Orthodox Perspectives" in

5665: 5618: 5437:

Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte Romantische Abteilung

5200: 5150:"Finding aid of the Twice Blessed Collection, circa 1966-2000 Coll2010.003" 4582: 4565: 3802:"Joel Roth, Homosexuality Revisited, Rabbinical Assembly, December 6, 2006" 3690: 3622: 2795: 2217: 2087:"Deuteronomy 23:17 No daughter or son of Israel is to be a cult prostitute" 2064: 1741: 1493: 1434:, a prayer book written to address the lives and needs of LGBTQ as well as 1388: 1073:

Film documentaries made about Orthodox homosexuals in recent years include

1048: 675: 563: 559:

It may lead a man to abandon his family to pursue a homosexual relationship

333: 5968: 5511:

Gorlin, Rebecca. "The Voice of a Wandering Jewish Bisexual: An Update" in

5427: 5419: 4970: 4566:"Adonai is My Shepherd: Theology, Values, and Sexism in Bible Translation" 3157:

Mordechai Langer (1894–1943) and the Birth of the Modern Jewish Homosexual

2174:, Issurei Biah 22:2; Tur Even Haezer 24:1; Shulchan Aruch Even Haezer 24:1 1377:

That the CCAR oppose governmental efforts to ban gay and lesbian marriage.

780:

describes the traditional opinion on homosexuality as follows: "Jewish law

584:

protesters holding Anti-LGBT Protest signs during the Gay Pride parade in

7912: 7427: 7352: 7330: 7233: 6827: 6756: 6751: 6739: 6729: 6114: 4944: 4416:"Lots of Jewish resources to help you celebrate Pride's 50th anniversary" 4144:"Hungarian Jewish group backpedals after coming out against gay marriage" 4071: 2435: 1650: 1509: 1449: 1326: 1195:

which would have lifted all restrictions on homosexual sexual practices.

1033: 867: 794: 101: 5484: 5435:

Daube, David (1986). "The Old Testament Prohibitions of Homosexuality".

3649:"5 Reasons Being an Orthodox Rabbi Compelled Me to Support Gay Marriage" 291:

because this touch is considered "approaching" a forbidden relationship.

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Bibliography of Contemporary Orthodox Jewish Responses to Homosexuality

5110: 4921:. The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Religious Archives Network 4750:"Reconstructionists Pick First Woman, Lesbian As Denominational Leader" 2318:

Encyclopaedia Judaica | vol 9 | second edition | pg 518 | Homosexuality

2188: 1552: 1367:

normally associated with marriage can be invoked for this relationship.

1106: 1025: 687: 537: 383: 353: 329: 3573:"Run, Rabbi, Run! Shmuley Boteach Goes From Neverland to Capitol Hill" 2903: 2153:

Yonatan Rosensweig, התמודדות מקראית פרשנית הלכתית ומחשבתית עם משכב זכר

213:

Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind; it is detestable.

7927: 7392: 7283: 7194: 6812: 6746: 6002: 5911: 5449:

Jewish, Bisexual, Feminist in a Christian Heterosexual World: Oy Vey!

5378:

Love Between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism

4390: 3982: 3865:"Conflicting Conservative opinions expected to open the way for gays" 3007:"First openly gay Orthodox rabbi ordained in Jerusalem - Israel News" 2453: 1637: 1439: 1353:

The Jewish Condition: Essays on Contemporary Judaism Honoring Rabbi

1181: 1148: 845:'s leading investigative television program, in an episode regarding 830: 750: 662:

In a 2008 open letter distributed to Orthodox community leaders, the

543: 475: 459: 449: 394: 107: 95: 6763: 5722: 2354:

The 613 Mitzvot: A Contemporary Guide to the Commandments of Judaism

1391:. Also in 1998, the Responsa Committee of the CCAR issued a lengthy 1116: 546:, which is unlike God's intention of procreation and sexual activity 161:

have all openly accepted homosexuality, homosexual intercourse, and

7646: 7588: 7533: 7528: 7199: 6485: 5943:

Homosexuality in Jewish medieval society, comparison with the Islam

4845: 4038:"Birth of a new tradition: Masorti ceremonies for same-sex couples" 3686:"Chief rabbi intervenes in Orthodox rabbis' row over homosexuality" 3228: 2959: 2933: 2578: 1680: 1676: 1618: 1614: 1540: 1087: 819: 786: 623: 602: 5793:

and "I Can Love All The Faces of G-d" by Gilly Rosenthol, both in

4605:"Becoming a "Kehillah Mekabelet": The Struggles of Transformation" 3380: 3244:

Wrestling with God and men: homosexuality and the Jewish tradition

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Queer Jewish Lives Between Central Europe and Mandatory Palestine

5880:"The Voice of a Wandering Jewish Bisexual" by Rebecca Gorlin, in 5523:

Wrestling with God and Men: Homosexuality in the Jewish Tradition

4723: 4098:"Israel's Masorti movement to ordain gays and lesbians as rabbis" 3941:. The Jewish Theological Seminary. March 26, 2007. Archived from 2393: 1351:'s essay "Truly Welcoming Lesbian and Gay Jews" was published in 987: 855: 636: 471: 463: 437: 423: 366: 308: 261: 257: 111: 87: 42: 5491:

Gorlin, Rebecca. "The Voice of a Wandering Jewish Bisexual", in

3707:"Rabbi Dweck can remain as Sephardi leader, rabbinic panel says" 1947:"Translations and interpretations of Leviticus 18:22; all views" 1332:

In the late 1980s, the primary seminary of the Reform movement,

204:.וְאֶת-זָכָר, לֹא תִשְׁכַּב מִשְׁכְּבֵי אִשָּׁה — תּוֹעֵבָה הִוא 7932: 7799: 7735: 2493:

Homosexuality, human dignity and halakah – Rabbinical Assembly.

1642: 1610: 1605: 1539:

in Judaism which endeavors to reinvigorate modern Judaism with

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Institute for Judaism, Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity

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Two traditionalist responsa were adopted. A responsum by Rabbi

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for example, argues that there are many sins considered to be

272:

Rabbinic Jewish application and interpretation of these verses

7883: 7878: 7832: 7787: 7708: 7703: 6967: 6722: 6692: 5066: 4758:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. October 10, 2013. Archived from 3340: 2109: 1548: 1513: 1497: 1262:

Joint Declaration of the Churches on the Holiness of Marriage

1030:

opposes government involvement at all in recognizing marriage

999: 979: 890: 859: 834: 823: 822:

from the Orthodox rabbinical seminary of Yeshiva University (

585: 554: 515: 493: 467: 91: 50: 2820:"An Interview With Rabbi Steven Greenberg: Orthodox And Gay" 7982: 6516: 919: 5596: 5336:"Sex in the Talmud: How to Understand Leviticus 18 and 20" 3745:

Homosexuality, Science, and the "plain Sense" of Scripture

3359: 3052: 2763:"Bishop Says Conflict on Gays Distracts From Vital Issues" 2736:"Rabbi Ordained by Yeshiva University Announces He is Gay" 2519:

Homosexuality, Science, and the "plain Sense" of Scripture

373: 276: 5683:

Homosexuality and Judaism: The Reconstructionist Position

4649:"Book Sandra Lawson for Speaking, Events and Appearances" 4495:"Rabbi Denise Eger seeks to open doors wider to all Jews" 2875:"100 Orthodox Rabbis Issue Same Sex Marriage Declaration" 1486:

Homosexuality and Judaism: The Reconstructionist Position

1278: 301:

along with other sexual prohibitions, the prohibition of

117:

The issue has been a subject of contention within modern

5945:, at "Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World", 13 sqq 5016: 5014: 2979:

minute 00:39 in a radio interview with Razi Barkay here

2271:

Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Laws of Repentance, Chapter 2

990:, the American-Israeli group headquartered in Jerusalem 5789:"Hear, I Pray You, This Dream Which I Have Dreamed" by 5702:"Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13: Who Is Doing What To Whom?" 4328: 4286:"Question 18.3.8: Reform's Position On...Homosexuality" 630:) which an Orthodox Jew is obligated under the laws of 5877:, edited by Christie Balka and Andy Rose (Apr 2, 1991) 5257:

The five books of Moses: a translation with commentary

5126:"Trove of Jewish LGBT history goes on display in U.K." 4719:"Gay man chosen to lead U.S. Reconstructionist rabbis" 4469: 4121:"Young Hungarian Jews angle for slice of communal pie" 2662: 2660: 1123:, the main rabbinical seminary of Conservative Judaism 907:

continues to operate under the name JIFGA as of 2018.

5813:

Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia

5784:

Judaism and Homosexuality: An Authentic Orthodox View

5539:

Jonathan Loved David: Homosexuality in Biblical Times

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Judaism and Homosexuality: An Authentic Orthodox View

3160:(PhD). University of California, Berkeley. p. 1. 3079:"Orthodox Rabbis Say Gay 'Cure' Therapy Doesn't Work" 2234: 1512:, the first openly gay man chosen to head a national 954:

Judaism and Homosexuality: An Authentic Orthodox View

568:

It blurs the lines between masculinity and femininity

5855:"Judeo-Christian Tradition" by Warren Johansson, in 5824:, Sue Levi Elwell and Shirley Idelson (Aug 15, 2001) 4844:. Aleph: Alliance for Jewish Renewal. Archived from 3320: 1717: 606: 513: 504: 453: 421: 360: 347: 341: 323: 315: 302: 294: 282: 99: 4894:"P'nai or hires new rabbi | the Jewish Review" 2657: 1452:became the first openly gay president of the CCAR. 386:states that capital punishment would be applicable 5123: 5024:. Association of Humanistic Rabbis. Archived from 4739: 3965:"Conservative Jews approve gay wedding guidelines" 3939:"Chancellor-elect Eisen's Letter to the Community" 3673:. 20 November 2016 – via The New York Times. 3418:"Orthodox gays in Israel find support in Web site" 2009: 1013:In October 2010, Boteach wrote an op-ed column in 930:a sociology of Jewish homosexuality in Hasidism". 440:is not explicitly prohibited in the Hebrew Bible, 388:only if two men were caught in the act of anal sex 5875:Twice Blessed: On Being Lesbian or Gay and Jewish 5837:"Judaism, Post-Biblical" by Warren Johansson, in 5296:Twice Blessed: on Being Lesbian or Gay and Jewish 4625:"Rabbi is latest of many titles for Philly woman" 3646: 3381:"English | בת-קול | ארגון לסביות דתיות" 3110:. New Jersey On-Line. NJ Advance Media for NJ.com 3072: 3070: 2927: 2817: 2760: 2707: 1404:Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion 1334:Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion 8167: 4441:"Rabbis group joins N.C. same-sex marriage suit" 4062: 3527: 3041: 1905:"Issurei Biah - Chapter Twenty One - Chabad.org" 1891:"Issurei Biah - Chapter Twenty One - Chabad.org" 1496:, the first openly LGBT person chosen to head a 4196: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4006:"Denominational perspectives on LGBT inclusion" 3909:"Conservative Panel Votes To Permit Gay Rabbis" 3482: 3415: 1463:was released; it is intended as a companion to 482: 293:As gay male sex is included in the category of 6111:Identity and story: Creating self in narrative 6038: 6009: 5986: 5277:1 and 2 Samuel: An Introduction and Commentary 5089:"An old story finds new life in LGBT haggadah" 4141: 4118: 3906: 3741: 3589: 3076: 3067: 2515: 2183:For example: Yam Shel Shlomo, Kiddushin 4:23; 1600: 801: 527: 462:, making them ineligible to marry a member of 31:Transgender people and religion § Judaism 6501: 6189: 5846:"Judaism, Sephardic" by Daniel Eisenberg, in 5251:, Rutgers University Press, New Jersey, 2001. 4698:E-Net! Elon University News & Information 4641: 3850:"Why the Conservative movement endorsed gays" 3748:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 293–. 3627:E-Net! Elon University News & Information 3570: 3222: 3202:. London; Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell. 2953: 2895: 2788: 2572: 2522:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 293–. 2279: 2277: 2039:Moss, Jacob A.; Ulmer, Rivka B. 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Archived from 1411:institute of its kind in the Jewish world. 1101:Conservative Judaism and sexual orientation 260:, nor shall any of the sons of Israel be a 6508: 6494: 6196: 6182: 6124:Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 5774:, edited by Lawrence Schimel (May 1, 2004) 5571:, Richard Hasbany, ed. Haworth Press, 1989 5556:_______. (Under pseudonym Yaakov Levado). 4780: 4438: 4248:"Reform Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler Dies" 3862: 3501: 2899:Gay Rabbi Comes Out of His Orthodox Closet 2274: 1191:The Committee rejected the third paper by 1139:makes the movement's decisions concerning 918:, who studied in the Hasidic community of 833:became in 2009 the first Israeli Orthodox 431: 6077: 4581: 4527: 4500:The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles 3833:"Conservative Halakhah and Homosexuality" 3776:Homosexuality, Human Dignity, and Halakha 3595:"Jacko's Rabbi Gets Meshugah on Court TV" 3547: 3545: 3543: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3241: 3225:"Top rabbi: Soften attitude towards gays" 2350: 2038: 1877:"Issurei Biah - Chapter One - Chabad.org" 1774:Havruta Religious gay community in Israel 6537:Index of Jewish history-related articles 6115:American Psychological Association Press 5949:Coyle, Adrian; Rafalin, Deborah (2001). 5672: 5170: 5124:Hephzibah Anderson (February 12, 2014). 4365:"Transgender and Bisexual Rights - 2003" 4323: 4321: 3683: 3197: 2411: 2409: 2228: 2075:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 1999: 1636: 1624: 1604: 1490:Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association 1115: 576: 572: 8036:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 6673: 6151: 5990:Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 5587: 5525:. University of Wisconsin Press, 2004. 5375: 5333: 5311: 5270: 4866: 4617: 4487: 4219: 3647:Shmuly Yanklowitz (December 19, 2013). 3551: 3025: 3023: 2928:Nissan Strauchler (February 16, 2010). 2761:Goodstein, Laurie (11 September 2004). 2575:"Religious homosexuals seek acceptance" 2015: 1991: 1979: 1975: 1789:LGBT-affirming denominations in Judaism 1094: 879: 553:involved results in a vain emission of 374:Applicability of Biblical death penalty 277:Prohibitions for homosocial interaction 14: 8168: 5865:Nice Jewish Girls: A Lesbian Anthology 5772:Found Tribe: Jewish Coming Out Stories 5535: 5463: 4563: 4258: 3704: 3564: 3540: 3514: 3170: 3153: 1220:Jewish Theological Seminary of America 1121:Jewish Theological Seminary of America 6489: 6177: 5786:by Rabbi Chaim Rapoport (Apr 1, 2004) 5699: 5633: 5434: 5403: 5326:Boyarin, Itzkovitz, Pellegrini, eds. 5254: 5064: 4472:"Rabbis Join Marriage Equality Fight" 4413: 4318: 4003: 3617: 3615: 3528:Boteach, Shmuley (October 15, 2010). 3416:Ari Rabinovitch (February 14, 2008). 3173:"The Evangelicalization of Orthodoxy" 3101: 3095: 2923: 2921: 2550:. Jonah International. Archived from 2406: 2357:, Schreiber Publishing, p. 325, 2346: 2344: 2342: 2149: 2147: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2003: 1995: 1987: 1983: 1971: 1703:ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives 1580: 1556:Jewish Renewal Movement, followed by 1316:Central Conference of American Rabbis 1225:In June 2012, the American branch of 1133:Committee on Jewish Law and Standards 452:(women rubbing genitals together, or 307:would seem to also apply between two 137:Committee on Jewish Law and Standards 6515: 6463:Religious views on same-sex marriage 6120: 6113:(p. 37–61). Washington, D. C.: 5818:Lesbian Rabbis: The First Generation 5328:Queer theory and the Jewish question 5249:Lesbian Rabbis: The First Generation 4860: 4142:Cnaan Liphshiz (December 24, 2021). 3957: 3020: 2369: 2198: 2162:Mishna Kiddushin 4:14; Kiddushin 82a 1641:A Pride participant wears a rainbow 1522:Reconstructionist Rabbinical College 1520:was elected as the president of the 1506:Reconstructionist Rabbinical College 1482:Reconstructionist Rabbinical College 314:Another issue is the prohibition of 220: 197: 5685:, The Reconstructionist Press, 1993 5637:Journal of the History of Sexuality 5352:10.18574/nyu/9780814720127.003.0030 5315:Journal of the History of Sexuality 4810:"RRC Announces New President Elect" 4470:Michael O'Loughlin (June 6, 2014). 3907:Rebecca Spence (December 8, 2006). 3171:Shanes, Joshua (October 13, 2020). 2573:Kobi Nahshoni (February 10, 2008). 2374:, Jonathan David Publishers, Inc., 2372:The Jewish Way in Love and Marriage 2259:"Orthodox Judaism and LGBTQ Issues" 910: 24: 7983:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 7963:American Jewish Historical Society 5754: 5334:Brodsky, David (28 October 2009). 5050:. JQ International. Archived from 4414:Copel, Rabbi Mychal (2020-06-22). 4167:"Religious "No!" to Proposition 8" 3684:Sherwood, Harriet (18 June 2017). 3612: 3554:"Gay Marriage and the End of Days" 2956:"Rabbis condemn anti-gay shooting" 2918: 2789:Rocker, Simon (26 February 2005). 2646:. Israel National News. 2010-04-27 2339: 2144: 2021: 1208:Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies 70:For men: Issurei Bi'ah 1:14, 21:18 25: 8217: 3552:Boteach, Shmuley (July 1, 2015). 3267:Maayan Jaffe (January 27, 2014). 3223:Kobi Nahshoni (January 1, 2013). 3102:Livio, Susan K. (June 25, 2015). 2877:. algemeiner.com. 5 December 2011 2818:Neroulias, Nicole (7 July 2010). 1939: 1527: 1285: 1272:, Dean of the Rabbinic School at 1032:, but supports state-sanctioned " 852:2009 Tel Aviv gay centre shooting 420:, occurs. If the man caught does 411:do not specifically mention that 409:Classical rabbinic Jewish sources 179:Leviticus 18 § Homosexuality 8147: 8134: 8133: 5690:Jewish Explorations of Sexuality 5542:. Westminster: John Knox Press. 5294:Balka, Christie and Rose, Andy, 5164: 5142: 5117: 5103: 5080: 5058: 5040: 4985: 4959: 4933: 4911: 4886: 4869:"New Renewal cantor looks ahead" 4834: 4802: 4774: 4711: 4686: 4662: 4598: 4557: 4506: 4463: 4432: 4407: 4383: 4357: 4339: 4300: 4278: 4240: 4169:. Jewish Journal. Archived from 4165:Elliot Fein (October 28, 2008). 4158: 4135: 4112: 4089: 4056: 4030: 3997: 3971: 3931: 3571:Hunter Walker (April 11, 2012). 3483:Shmuley Boteach (May 14, 2013). 3269:"Orthodox and out of the closet" 2954:Kobi Nahshoni (August 2, 2009). 1748: 1734: 1720: 1595:Association of Humanistic Rabbis 189:male homosexual sexual practices 56:Leviticus 18:22, Leviticus 20:13 6431:LGBT-affirming religious groups 6224:Transgender people and religion 5152:. Online Archives of California 4781:Anne Cohen (October 18, 2013). 4670:"Elon Rabbi redefines religion" 4288:. Soc.Culture.Jewish Newsgroups 4119:Cnaan Liphshiz (July 6, 2014). 3900: 3882: 3842: 3825: 3794: 3766: 3735: 3719: 3698: 3677: 3659: 3640: 3495: 3476: 3458: 3442:Sarah Karlan (March 19, 2013). 3435: 3409: 3391: 3373: 3352: 3334: 3313: 3287: 3260: 3235: 3216: 3191: 3164: 3147: 3122: 2999: 2985: 2973: 2947: 2889: 2867: 2839: 2811: 2782: 2754: 2728: 2701: 2678: 2636: 2614: 2592: 2566: 2540: 2509: 2497: 2485: 2473: 2464: 2446: 2425: 2387: 2330: 2321: 2312: 2300: 2291: 2265: 2251: 2210: 2205:דיני ייחוד לבעלי נטייה חד־מינית 2177: 2165: 2156: 2131: 2119: 2103: 2079: 1844: 1824:Transgender people and religion 1819:Timeline of LGBT Jewish history 1662:Congregation Beit Simchat Torah 1572:was ordained as a rabbi by the 1177:" offense) under the decision. 1036:" for all. Open Orthodox Rabbi 651:In a speech given in 1986, the 632:Self-sacrifice under Jewish Law 542:It is considered a defiance of 8055:Relations with other religions 6012:Journal of GLBT Family Studies 5780:by Moshe Shokeid (Nov 1, 2002) 5710:Journal of Biblical Literature 5087:Nick Street (April 17, 2008). 5022:"Sexualities & Identities" 4564:Reiner, Fred N. (2016-01-10). 4096:Marcy Oster (April 19, 2012). 3727:"We Need Gay Orthodox Rabbis." 3705:Rocker, Simon (19 July 2017). 3198:Rapoport, Rabbi Chaim (2004). 2621:Nati Helfgot (July 28, 2010). 2336:cf. Babylonian Talmud Yoma 67b 2235:Samuel J. Levine (1997–1998). 1964: 1925: 1911: 1897: 1883: 1869: 1851: 1590:Society for Humanistic Judaism 1500:in the United States. In 2011 45:texts relating to this article 13: 1: 8042:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 5858:Encyclopedia of Homosexuality 5849:Encyclopedia of Homosexuality 5840:Encyclopedia of Homosexuality 5581:, Continuum, 2000, edited by 5185:10.1080/00918369.2016.1174022 4727:. The Forward. March 12, 2013 4204:. Ccarnet.org. Archived from 3732:. 28 May 2019. 28 May 2019. 3077:Jay Michaelson (2012-08-02). 2902:. VJ Movement. Archived from 2791:"Judaism and the gay dilemma" 2600:"Torah View on Homosexuality" 1834: 1814:Same-sex marriage and Judaism 1609:A halachic egalitarian Pride 926:a homosexual Jewish theology; 900:Rabbinical Council of America 837:to come out, by appearing in 755:Hebrew Institute of Riverdale 442:sexual liaisons between women 359:Based on the precedents that 73:For women: Issurei Bi'ah 21:8 7973:Leo Baeck Institute New York 7968:American Sephardi Federation 6055:10.1080/00918369.2014.977115 6024:10.1080/1550428X.2014.964442 5376:Brooten, Bernadette (1996). 4867:Axelrod, Toby (1999-11-30). 4674:projects.elonnewsnetwork.com 3154:Halper, Shaun Jacob (2013). 2846:Merwin, Ted (19 July 2011). 2368:; a similar list appears in 948:wrote the foreword to Rabbi 939:assassination of Harvey Milk 747:Ohr Torah Stone Institutions 483:Same-sex marriage in Midrash 7: 6796:Constantinopolitan Karaites 5920:. transcript Verlag. 2021. 5778:A Gay Synagogue in New York 5473:Hebrew Union College Annual 5330:, Columbia Univ Press, 2003 5298:Boston: Beacon Press, 1989. 4439:Mark Price (June 3, 2014). 4100:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency 3502:Zev Farber (May 22, 2013). 3134:Southern Poverty Law Center 3049:"JONAH'S Mission Statement" 1713: 1601:LGBT-affirmative activities 1265:referencing homosexuality. 802:Prominent Gay Orthodox Jews 607: 528:Reasons for the prohibition 514: 505: 454: 422: 361: 348: 342: 324: 316: 303: 295: 283: 175:The Bible and homosexuality 100: 10: 8222: 8024:National Library of Israel 6665:Zionism, race and genetics 6447:Ordination of LGBT clergy 6219:Homosexuality and religion 5569:Homosexuality and Religion 5219: 4611:November 13, 2007, at the 3321:"Frum Gay Jews' Home Page" 3242:Greenberg, Steven (2004). 2351:Eisenberg, Ronald (2005), 1951:www.religioustolerance.org 1477:Reconstructionist movement 1459:Reform Jewish prayer book 1274:American Jewish University 1216:American Jewish University 1175:die rather than transgress 1098: 883: 657:Menachem Mendel Schneerson 522:trump the legal components 486: 444:are forbidden by Orthodox 172: 169:Homosexuality in the Torah 28: 8122: 7978:Yeshiva University Museum 7958:Center for Jewish History 7948: 7813: 7685: 7559: 7453: 6984: 6603: 6545: 6527: 6403: 6363: 6330: 6304: 6239: 6232: 6211: 6137:10.1080/19359700802111189 6094:10.1300/02703140802145227 5611:10.1080/00918360802129337 5344:New York University Press 4941:"Statement of Principles" 4546:. Jweekly.com. 2015-03-26 3863:Ben Harris (2006-12-06). 3009:. Haaretz.com. 2019-05-28 2623:"Statement of Principles" 2057:10.1080/00918360802129337 1799:LGBT matters and religion 1668:in Washington, D.C., and 1617:on the second Shabbat of 1593:homophobic bullying. The 1471:Reconstructionist Judaism 226: 224: 203: 201: 60: 49: 41: 18:Judaism and homosexuality 6570:Ancient Israel and Judah 6205:Religion and LGBT people 6042:Journal of Homosexuality 5599:Journal of Homosexuality 5460:OH 4:115, 1 Adar I, 5736 5407:Journal of Homosexuality 5173:Journal of Homosexuality 5048:"GLBT Passover Haggadah" 4967:"On Homosexual Marriage" 4943:. OHALAH. Archived from 4919:"Profile: Debra Kolodny" 4788:The Jewish Daily Forward 4516:. Jta.org. 16 March 2015 4308:"On Homosexual Marriage" 4266:"Powered by Google Docs" 3913:The Jewish Daily Forward 2930:"Gay with perfect faith" 2470:cf. Talmud (Chullin 92a) 2327:Sifra, on Leviticus 18:3 2297:Sifra, Acharei Mot 13:10 2045:Journal of Homosexuality 1839: 1416:Union for Reform Judaism 1341:Union for Reform Judaism 1320:Union for Reform Judaism 944:The late UK Chief Rabbi 739:Lincoln Square Synagogue 489:Jewish views on marriage 328:applies to any two men. 6946:North African Sephardim 6919:Jewish tribes of Arabia 6296:United Church of Christ 5588:Milgrom, Jacob (2000). 5280:. Inter-Varsity Press. 5267:53:2 p. 54 (1992). 3742:David L. Balch (2000). 3534:The Wall Street Journal 2708:Rabbi Dr. Norman Lamm. 2644:"RCA: No Female Rabbis" 2516:David L. Balch (2000). 1670:Congregation Or Chadash 1424:Women of Reform Judaism 1066:wrote, "Leviticus 18:22 1016:The Wall Street Journal 829:Orthodox Israeli rabbi 767:The Rabbinic Fellowship 759:Yeshivat Chovevei Torah 731:The Rabbinic Fellowship 646:marital heterosexuality 448:. The Talmud discusses 432:Lesbian sexual activity 94:. The book of Vayikra ( 8049:Holocaust Encyclopedia 8019:Jewish Virtual Library 6381:Unitarian Universalism 6166:10.1093/socrel/67.1.43 5700:Walsh, Jerome (2001). 5255:Alter, Robert (2004). 4842:"About Jewish Renewal" 4583:10.1515/opth-2016-0074 4063:Rabbi Joseph Prouser. 2896:Yermi Brenner (2009). 2420:rabbinicalassembly.org 2370:Lamm, Maurice (1991), 2241:St. Mary's Law Journal 1794:LGBT clergy in Judaism 1653: 1634: 1622: 1514:rabbinical association 1498:rabbinical association 1355:Alexander M. Schindler 1347:In 1995, Reform Rabbi 1124: 994:and the Israeli group 704:Rav Michael Rosensweig 593: 234: 211: 8191:Judaism and sexuality 7996:Encyclopaedia Judaica 7778:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 6963:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 6713:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 6154:Sociology of Religion 5969:10.1300/J056v12n04_02 5420:10.1300/J082v19n04_02 5399:(PDF also available.) 5304:. "Homosexuality" in 5067:"The Stonewall Seder" 5054:on November 12, 2012. 4871:. JTA. Archived from 4607:by Roberta Israeloff 4314:on December 17, 2004. 4229:. Jta.org. 2016-12-20 3346:May 18, 2014, at the 3271:. JNS. Archived from 2139:Yosef Shalom Elyashiv 2112:, Acharei Mot, 13:2; 1829:Abomination (Judaism) 1804:LGBT rights in Israel 1779:Judaism and sexuality 1658:Beth Chayim Chadashim 1640: 1628: 1608: 1442:Jews, was published. 1318:(CCAR), which is the 1309:Beth Chayim Chadashim 1305:Beth Chayim Chadashim 1212:University of Judaism 1171:yehareg ve'al ya'avor 1119: 1099:Further information: 916:Jiří Mordechai Langer 884:Further information: 814:, a leading rabbi at 696:Rav Hershel Schachter 580: 573:Orthodox Jewish views 446:rabbinical literature 413:homosexual attraction 173:Further information: 147:Theologically liberal 6575:Second Temple period 5936:Research References: 5536:Horner, Tom (1978). 5346:. pp. 157–169. 4042:The Jewish Chronicle 4018:on December 22, 2016 3896:on February 5, 2012. 3712:The Jewish Chronicle 2906:on November 12, 2013 2691:Encyclopedia Judaica 2454:"משכב זכר נכלל בגדר 2284:Hebrew-English Bible 2191:, Yoreh Deah 153:3; 2187:, Yoreh Deah 153:1; 1978:, p. 339, 343; 1974:, p. 623, 632; 1932:Hebrew-English Bible 1918:Hebrew-English Bible 1858:Hebrew-English Bible 1227:Conservative Judaism 1129:Conservative Judaism 1105:As a matter of both 1095:Conservative Judaism 1076:Trembling Before G-d 880:Ex-gay organizations 847:conversion therapies 765:, and co-founder of 700:Rav Mordechai Willig 340:rule leniently that 133:Conservative Judaism 119:Jewish denominations 8186:Judaism and society 8013:Jewish Encyclopedia 7758:Hekhalot literature 7569:Religious movements 7104:Judeo-Tripolitanian 6081:Women & Therapy 5888:Alyson Publications 5499:Alyson Publications 5397:" ATID, Jerusalem. 5306:Judaism and Healing 5028:on October 30, 2014 4973:on October 10, 2013 4173:on October 15, 2012 4077:on February 7, 2012 4044:. September 1, 2016 3945:on December 4, 2014 3919:on December 8, 2006 3871:on 11 December 2006 3852:. 14 December 2006. 3653:The Huffington Post 3301:on October 31, 2014 3275:on February 2, 2014 2672:The Times of Israel 2309:, Issurei Biah 21:8 1631:San Francisco Pride 1432:Siddur Sha'ar Zahav 1137:Rabbinical Assembly 964:Aharon Lichtenstein 820:rabbinic ordination 778:Immanuel Jakobovits 735:Rabbi Shlomo Riskin 605:in the category of 38: 8206:Schisms in Judaism 8181:Jewish marital law 8154:Judaism portal 8090:Jews and Halloween 8085:Jews and Christmas 7475:Rabbinic authority 7227:Judaeo-Piedmontese 6660:Xueta Christianity 6565:Origins of Judaism 6532:Outline of Judaism 5890:, 1991, edited by 5869:Evelyn Torton Beck 5501:, 1991, edited by 4848:on October 7, 2014 4445:Charlotte Observer 3985:. November 6, 2021 3790:on April 13, 2008. 3037:. October 5, 2023. 2768:The New York Times 2460:. August 27, 2013. 2218:"Sanhedrin 54a:29" 2195:, Even Haezer 24:6 2128:, Issurei Biah 1:4 2002:, p. 16; and 1664:in New York City, 1654: 1635: 1623: 1586:Humanistic Judaism 1581:Humanistic Judaism 1455:Also in 2015, the 1389:same-sex marriages 1161:Talmudic principle 1125: 904:conversion therapy 874:Yeshiva University 816:Yeshiva University 594: 90:dates back to the 36: 8196:Negative Mitzvoth 8176:LGBTQ and Judaism 8163: 8162: 8129:extinct languages 8030:YIVO Encyclopedia 7805:Hebrew literature 7773:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 7613:Reconstructionist 7291:Judaeo-Portuguese 6980: 6979: 6936:Eastern Sephardim 6580:Synagogal Judaism 6483: 6482: 6399: 6398: 5927:978-3-8394-5332-2 5519:Greenberg, Steven 5447:Dworkin, Sara H. 5361:978-0-8147-2012-7 5272:Baldwin, Joyce G. 4252:www.beliefnet.com 4146:. Times of Israel 4123:. Times of Israel 3814:on April 22, 2007 3755:978-0-8028-4698-3 3725:Landes, Daniel. 3253:978-0-299-19090-3 3055:on March 29, 2007 2529:978-0-8028-4698-3 2415:Rabbi Joel Roth. 1809:List of LGBT Jews 1300:law is required. 1038:Shmuly Yanklowitz 715:Nathaniel Helfgot 708:Rav Mayer Twersky 653:Lubavitcher Rebbe 474:codes prohibited 242: 241: 219: 218: 185:Book of Leviticus 163:same-sex marriage 151:Reconstructionist 149:branches such as 80: 79: 37:LGBTQ and Judaism 16:(Redirected from 8213: 8152: 8151: 8150: 8137: 8136: 7269:Judeo-Golpaygani 6870:Palestinian Jews 6845:Alexandrian Jews 6801:Crimean Karaites 6718:Unterlander Jews 6671: 6670: 6585:Rabbinic Judaism 6510: 6503: 6496: 6487: 6486: 6237: 6236: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6148: 6105: 6074: 6035: 6006: 6003:10.1037/a0035198 5980: 5941:Yaron Ben Naeh: 5931: 5892:Loraine Hutchins 5748: 5746: 5745: 5739: 5733:. Archived from 5706: 5694:Jonathan Magonet 5678: 5669: 5630: 5593: 5553: 5503:Loraine Hutchins 5488: 5465:Gordon, Cyrus H. 5444: 5431: 5381: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5323: 5291: 5260: 5245:Idelson, Shirley 5241:Elwell, Sue Levi 5213: 5212: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5091:. Jewish Journal 5084: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5033: 5018: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4999:on July 25, 2013 4995:. Archived from 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4978: 4969:. Archived from 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4947:on April 3, 2015 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4915: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4905: 4896:. 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Archived from 3045: 3039: 3038: 3027: 3018: 3017: 3015: 3014: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2925: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2911: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2871: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2742:on March 6, 2000 2732: 2726: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2716:on March 2, 2015 2712:. Archived from 2705: 2699: 2696:Keter Publishing 2682: 2676: 2675: 2664: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2651: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2554:on March 2, 2015 2548:"Rights or Ills" 2544: 2538: 2537: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2477: 2471: 2468: 2462: 2461: 2450: 2444: 2429: 2423: 2413: 2404: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2367: 2348: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2325: 2319: 2316: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2289: 2281: 2272: 2269: 2263: 2262: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2196: 2193:Aruch Hashulchan 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2154: 2151: 2142: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2097: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2036: 2019: 2013: 2007: 1994:, p. 1568; 1968: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1943: 1937: 1929: 1923: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1887: 1881: 1880: 1873: 1867: 1855: 1758: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1744: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1730: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1562:Rabbi Lori Klein 1461:Mishkan HaNefesh 1406:established the 1200:Mayer Rabinowitz 1069: 1058: 1054: 1023: 1005:Orthodox Rabbis 929: 925: 911:Other viewpoints 808:Steven Greenberg 783: 763:Yeshivat Maharat 729:, co-founder of 727:Rabbi Marc Angel 613: 519: 510: 457: 455:nashim mesolelot 427: 364: 351: 345: 327: 321: 306: 300: 288: 250:anal intercourse 228: 221: 205: 198: 127:Orthodox Judaism 105: 39: 35: 21: 8221: 8220: 8216: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8210: 8166: 8165: 8164: 8159: 8148: 8146: 8118: 7944: 7809: 7681: 7555: 7449: 7264:Judeo-Borujerdi 7239:Judeo-Malayalam 7185:Judeo-Aragonese 7156:Lishanid Noshan 6988: 6976: 6708:Oberlander Jews 6669: 6599: 6541: 6523: 6514: 6484: 6479: 6395: 6371:Modern paganism 6359: 6326: 6305:Other Abrahamic 6300: 6284:Catholic Church 6228: 6207: 6202: 6172: 5928: 5916: 5896:Lani Kaʻahumanu 5757: 5755:Further reading 5752: 5743: 5741: 5737: 5723:10.2307/3268292 5704: 5590:Leviticus 17–22 5562:Tikkun magazine 5558:Gayness and God 5550: 5507:Lani Kaʻahumanu 5454:Moshe Feinstein 5393:Cohen, Uri C. " 5366: 5364: 5362: 5302:J. David Bleich 5288: 5237:Alpert, Rebecca 5227:Alpert, Rebecca 5222: 5217: 5216: 5169: 5165: 5155: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5122: 5118: 5113:. Rainbow Jews. 5109: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5085: 5081: 5071: 5069: 5063: 5059: 5046: 5045: 5041: 5031: 5029: 5020: 5019: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4976: 4974: 4965: 4964: 4960: 4950: 4948: 4939: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4903: 4901: 4892: 4891: 4887: 4878: 4876: 4865: 4861: 4851: 4849: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4812: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4762:on May 19, 2016 4755:The Jewish Week 4748: 4747: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4703: 4701: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4678: 4676: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4654: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4633: 4631: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4613:Wayback Machine 4603: 4599: 4562: 4558: 4549: 4547: 4538: 4537: 4528: 4519: 4517: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4492: 4488: 4477: 4475: 4468: 4464: 4454: 4452: 4437: 4433: 4424: 4422: 4412: 4408: 4399: 4397: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4374: 4372: 4371:on May 16, 2013 4363: 4362: 4358: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4327: 4326: 4319: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4284: 4283: 4279: 4270: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4246: 4245: 4241: 4232: 4230: 4225: 4224: 4220: 4211: 4209: 4200: 4199: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4163: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4140: 4136: 4126: 4124: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4008: 4002: 3998: 3988: 3986: 3977: 3976: 3972: 3963: 3962: 3958: 3948: 3946: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3905: 3901: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3872: 3861: 3857: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3831: 3830: 3826: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3787: 3780: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3756: 3740: 3736: 3724: 3720: 3703: 3699: 3682: 3678: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3645: 3641: 3632: 3630: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3603: 3601: 3588: 3584: 3569: 3565: 3550: 3541: 3526: 3515: 3500: 3496: 3489:Huffington Post 3481: 3477: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3447: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3414: 3410: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3385:www.bat-kol.org 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3348:Wayback Machine 3339: 3335: 3326: 3324: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3265: 3261: 3254: 3240: 3236: 3221: 3217: 3210: 3196: 3192: 3183: 3181: 3169: 3165: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3100: 3096: 3087: 3085: 3083:The Daily Beast 3075: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3047: 3046: 3042: 3029: 3028: 3021: 3012: 3010: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2952: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2926: 2919: 2909: 2907: 2894: 2890: 2880: 2878: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2858: 2856: 2853:The Jewish Week 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2825:Huffington Post 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2706: 2702: 2683: 2679: 2666: 2665: 2658: 2649: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2583: 2581: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2546: 2545: 2541: 2530: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2456:ייהרג ובל יעבור 2452: 2451: 2447: 2441:Sefer Hachinuch 2432:Pesikta Zutrasa 2430: 2426: 2414: 2407: 2392: 2388: 2382: 2365: 2349: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2282: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2233: 2229: 2222:www.sefaria.org 2216: 2215: 2211: 2203: 2199: 2182: 2178: 2170: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2145: 2136: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2108: 2104: 2095: 2093: 2085: 2084: 2080: 2037: 2022: 2014: 2010: 2000:Thurston (1990) 1998:, p. 185; 1990:, p. 447; 1969: 1965: 1955: 1953: 1945: 1944: 1940: 1935:Leviticus 20:13 1930: 1926: 1921:Leviticus 18:22 1916: 1912: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1875: 1874: 1870: 1865:Leviticus 20:13 1861:Leviticus 18:22 1856: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1706:Johnny Abush". 1603: 1583: 1530: 1473: 1465:Mishkan T'filah 1448:In 2015, Rabbi 1288: 1157:Elliot N. Dorff 1103: 1097: 1082:Keep Not Silent 1067: 1062:In 2019, Rabbi 1056: 1052: 1021: 1007:Shmuley Boteach 960:Modern Orthodox 927: 923: 913: 888: 886:Ex-gay movement 882: 804: 781: 751:Rabbi Avi Weiss 684:Eliezer Melamed 598:Orthodox Jewish 582:Orthodox Jewish 575: 530: 491: 485: 466:. However, the 434: 418:penetrative sex 376: 279: 274: 238: 231: 215: 208: 181: 171: 82:The subject of 76: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8219: 8209: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8157: 8143: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8114: 8113: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8096:non-Christian 8094: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8052: 8045: 8038: 8033: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7992: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7954: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7943: 7942: 7937: 7936: 7935: 7930: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7888: 7887: 7886: 7881: 7871: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7854: 7853: 7852: 7842: 7837: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7819: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7795:Shulchan Aruch 7792: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7783:Sefer Yetzirah 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7763:Pardes Rimonim 7760: 7753:Kabbalah texts 7750: 7749: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7697: 7691: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7599: 7598: 7593: 7592: 7591: 7586: 7565: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7554: 7553: 7548: 7546:Land of Israel 7543: 7542: 7541: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7471: 7470: 7459: 7457: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7432: 7431: 7424: 7422:Judeo-Alsatian 7414: 7413: 7412: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7343: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7274:Judeo-Hamedani 7271: 7266: 7261: 7251: 7249:Judaeo-Occitan 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7230: 7229: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7190:Jewish English 7187: 7182: 7181: 7180: 7179: 7178: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7121:Judaeo-Aramaic 7118: 7117: 7116: 7111: 7109:Judeo-Tunisian 7106: 7101: 7099:Judeo-Moroccan 7096: 7095: 7094: 7092:Judeo-Baghdadi 7079: 7074: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 6996: 6994: 6982: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6960: 6959: 6958: 6948: 6943: 6941:Livornese Jews 6938: 6928: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6832: 6831: 6830: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6804: 6803: 6798: 6788: 6783: 6782: 6781: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6754: 6744: 6743: 6742: 6737: 6727: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6688:Afrikaner-Jode 6679: 6677: 6668: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6656: 6655: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6609: 6607: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6551: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6513: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6490: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6453: 6445: 6444: 6443: 6438: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6393: 6391:Zoroastrianism 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6367: 6365: 6361: 6360: 6358: 6357: 6352: 6351: 6350: 6340: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6308: 6306: 6302: 6301: 6299: 6298: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6245: 6243: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6215: 6213: 6209: 6208: 6201: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6178: 6171: 6170: 6149: 6131:(3): 179–194. 6118: 6106: 6075: 6049:(3): 394–426. 6036: 6018:(3): 278–304. 6007: 5984: 5946: 5933: 5932: 5926: 5914: 5905: 5898: 5878: 5872: 5862: 5853: 5844: 5835: 5834:(Nov 15, 1998) 5832:Rebecca Alpert 5825: 5822:Rebecca Alpert 5815: 5809:Rebecca Alpert 5802: 5787: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5766: 5763: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5750: 5749:Also available 5717:(2): 201–209. 5697: 5686: 5679: 5670: 5644:(2): 179–206. 5631: 5594: 5585: 5583:Kolodny, Debra 5575:Kolodny, Debra 5572: 5565: 5554: 5548: 5533: 5516: 5509: 5489: 5461: 5451: 5445: 5432: 5401: 5391: 5385:Michael Broyde 5382: 5373: 5360: 5340:Torah Queeries 5331: 5324: 5309: 5299: 5292: 5286: 5268: 5261: 5252: 5234: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5214: 5179:(2): 166–194. 5163: 5141: 5116: 5102: 5079: 5057: 5039: 5010: 4984: 4958: 4932: 4910: 4885: 4859: 4833: 4801: 4773: 4738: 4710: 4700:. 20 June 2018 4685: 4661: 4651:. APB Speakers 4640: 4616: 4597: 4556: 4526: 4505: 4486: 4462: 4431: 4406: 4382: 4356: 4353:on 2012-07-20. 4338: 4317: 4299: 4277: 4257: 4239: 4218: 4184: 4157: 4134: 4111: 4088: 4055: 4029: 3996: 3970: 3956: 3930: 3899: 3881: 3855: 3841: 3824: 3793: 3765: 3754: 3734: 3730:Jewish Journal 3718: 3697: 3676: 3658: 3639: 3629:. 20 June 2018 3611: 3591:Roger Friedman 3582: 3563: 3539: 3513: 3494: 3475: 3457: 3434: 3408: 3405:on 2014-11-04. 3390: 3372: 3351: 3341:Orthodykes.org 3333: 3312: 3286: 3259: 3252: 3234: 3215: 3209:978-0853034520 3208: 3190: 3163: 3146: 3121: 3094: 3066: 3040: 3019: 2998: 2995:. 31 May 2019. 2984: 2972: 2946: 2917: 2888: 2866: 2838: 2810: 2781: 2753: 2727: 2700: 2677: 2656: 2635: 2613: 2591: 2565: 2539: 2528: 2508: 2496: 2484: 2472: 2463: 2445: 2424: 2405: 2386: 2380: 2363: 2338: 2329: 2320: 2311: 2299: 2290: 2287:Leviticus 18:3 2273: 2264: 2250: 2227: 2209: 2197: 2176: 2164: 2155: 2143: 2130: 2118: 2102: 2078: 2020: 2016:Brodsky (2009) 2008: 2006:, p. 208. 1992:Milgrom (2000) 1982:, p. 61; 1980:Brooten (1996) 1976:Boyarin (1995) 1963: 1938: 1924: 1910: 1896: 1882: 1868: 1849: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1760: 1759: 1745: 1731: 1728:Judaism portal 1715: 1712: 1696:United Kingdom 1666:Bet Mishpachah 1602: 1599: 1582: 1579: 1574:Jewish Renewal 1558:Chaya Gusfield 1533:Jewish Renewal 1529: 1528:Jewish Renewal 1526: 1518:Deborah Waxman 1472: 1469: 1457:High Holy Days 1422:Also in 2003, 1402:Also in 2000, 1384: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1349:Margaret Wenig 1292:Reform Judaism 1287: 1286:Reform Judaism 1284: 1270:Bradley Artson 1250:David Golinkin 1204:Joseph Prouser 1166:kavod habriyot 1135:(CJLS) of the 1096: 1093: 950:Chaim Rapoport 946:Jonathan Sacks 935:Avigdor Miller 912: 909: 881: 878: 803: 800: 753:, head of the 680:Daniel Sperber 678:, Haim Navon, 574: 571: 570: 569: 566: 560: 557: 551:sexual arousal 547: 544:sexual anatomy 540: 529: 526: 484: 481: 464:the priesthood 433: 430: 375: 372: 338:Shulchan Aruch 278: 275: 273: 270: 240: 239: 232: 217: 216: 209: 195:translation): 170: 167: 159:Reform Judaism 114:(Jewish law). 78: 77: 75: 74: 71: 67: 65: 58: 57: 54: 47: 46: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8218: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8201:Homosexuality 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8173: 8171: 8156: 8155: 8144: 8142: 8141: 8132: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8080:Protestantism 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8058: 8057: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8050: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8031: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8014: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7947: 7941: 7938: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7897: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7889: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7824: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7812: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7768:Sefer HaBahir 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7751: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7728: 7727: 7724: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7695:Sifrei Kodesh 7693: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7684: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7629: 7626: 7625: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7597: 7594: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7570: 7567: 7566: 7564: 7562: 7558: 7552: 7551:Who is a Jew? 7549: 7547: 7544: 7540: 7537: 7536: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7480:Chosen people 7478: 7476: 7473: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7443: 7437: 7436:Scots-Yiddish 7434: 7430: 7429: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7411: 7410: 7409:Klezmer-loshn 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7338: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7279:Judeo-Shirazi 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7254:Judeo-Persian 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7244:Judeo-Marathi 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7222:Judeo-Italian 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7206: 7203: 7201: 7198: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7186: 7183: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 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5773: 5770: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5740:on 2007-01-04 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5711: 5703: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5638: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5605:(1): 71–105. 5604: 5600: 5595: 5591: 5586: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5566: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5549:9780664241858 5545: 5541: 5540: 5534: 5532: 5531:0-299-19090-0 5528: 5524: 5520: 5517: 5514: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5459: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5379: 5374: 5363: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5316: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5287:9780830814268 5283: 5279: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5265:Jewish Action 5262: 5258: 5253: 5250: 5246: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5167: 5151: 5145: 5130: 5127: 5120: 5112: 5106: 5090: 5083: 5068: 5061: 5053: 5049: 5043: 5027: 5023: 5017: 5015: 4998: 4994: 4988: 4972: 4968: 4962: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4920: 4914: 4900:on 2013-04-15 4899: 4895: 4889: 4875:on 2013-04-15 4874: 4870: 4863: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4822:on 2015-09-24 4818: 4811: 4805: 4790: 4789: 4784: 4777: 4761: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4745: 4743: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4714: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4675: 4671: 4665: 4650: 4644: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4570:Open Theology 4567: 4560: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4515: 4509: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4493:Tess Cutler, 4490: 4473: 4466: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4421: 4417: 4410: 4396: 4392: 4386: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4322: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4287: 4281: 4267: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4243: 4228: 4222: 4208:on 2015-03-09 4207: 4203: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4145: 4138: 4122: 4115: 4099: 4092: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4043: 4039: 4033: 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2050: 2046: 2042: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2017: 2012: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986:, p. 6; 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1967: 1952: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1933: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1914: 1906: 1900: 1892: 1886: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1854: 1850: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1784:Keshet Rabbis 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1756:Israel portal 1746: 1743: 1732: 1729: 1718: 1711: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1632: 1627: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1598: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1570:Debra Kolodny 1567: 1566:Jalda Rebling 1563: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502:Sandra Lawson 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1451: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1420: 1417: 1414:In 2003, the 1412: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1350: 1345: 1342: 1339:In 1990, the 1337: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1325:Reform rabbi 1323: 1321: 1317: 1314:In 1977, the 1312: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1298: 1293: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1230: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1193:Gordon Tucker 1189: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1162: 1158: 1153: 1150: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1108: 1102: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1077: 1071: 1065: 1064:Daniel Landes 1060: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1018: 1017: 1011: 1008: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 976: 974: 970: 965: 962:leader Rabbi 961: 957: 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 937:defended the 936: 933:Haredi Rabbi 931: 921: 917: 908: 905: 901: 896: 893:was a Jewish 892: 887: 877: 875: 870: 869: 863: 861: 857: 853: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 812:Moshe Tendler 809: 799: 796: 792: 788: 779: 774: 770: 768: 764: 760: 757:, founder of 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 737:, founder of 736: 732: 728: 724: 723:Yitzchak Blau 720: 719:Aryeh Klapper 716: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 672:Yuval Cherlow 669: 665: 660: 658: 654: 649: 647: 642: 638: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 612: 611:ve'al ya'avor 610: 604: 599: 591: 587: 583: 579: 567: 565: 561: 558: 556: 552: 548: 545: 541: 539: 535: 534: 533: 525: 523: 518: 517: 509: 508: 502: 499:Nonetheless, 497: 495: 490: 480: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 456: 451: 447: 443: 439: 429: 426: 425: 419: 414: 410: 406: 404: 400: 396: 391: 389: 385: 381: 380:death penalty 371: 368: 363: 357: 355: 350: 344: 339: 335: 331: 326: 320: 319: 312: 310: 305: 299: 298: 292: 287: 286: 269: 267: 263: 259: 254: 251: 247: 237: 233: 230: 223: 222: 214: 210: 207: 200: 199: 196: 194: 190: 186: 180: 176: 166: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 144: 142: 138: 134: 130: 128: 124: 120: 115: 113: 109: 104: 103: 97: 93: 89: 85: 84:homosexuality 72: 69: 68: 66: 63: 62:Mishneh Torah 59: 55: 52: 48: 44: 40: 32: 27: 19: 8145: 8138: 8124: 8047: 8040: 8028: 8011: 7994: 7828:perspectives 7662:Samaritanism 7623:Neo-Hasidism 7603:Conservative 7517:Names of God 7426: 7407: 7217:Judaeo-Greek 7212:Judeo-Gascon 7151:Lishán Didán 7146:Lishana Deni 7114:Judeo-Yemeni 7082:Judeo-Arabic 6956:Meshuchrarim 6875:Persian Jews 6808:Kurdish Jews 6786:Kaifeng Jews 6735:Beta Abraham 6698:Galitzianers 6653:Antisemitism 6628:Israeli Jews 6613:Assimilation 6473:Christianity 6456:Christianity 6441:Christianity 6348:Hare Krishna 6312:Bahá'í Faith 6289:Pope Francis 6274:Presbyterian 6241:Christianity 6160:(1): 43–60. 6157: 6153: 6128: 6122: 6110: 6088:(1): 59–73. 6085: 6079: 6046: 6040: 6015: 6011: 5997:(1): 33–43. 5994: 5988: 5963:(4): 21–48. 5960: 5954: 5935: 5934: 5917: 5901: 5881: 5874: 5864: 5856: 5847: 5838: 5827: 5817: 5812: 5805:"Lesbianism" 5797:, edited by 5794: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5742:. 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