431:) that "better" in God’s sight is "one day" of study in the Law "than a thousand" sacrifices. Though learning was of paramount importance, still he also insisted on piety. He said that those who attends the synagogue service morning and evening will have their days prolonged, and those who move their lips in prayer will surely be heard. He instituted a number of rules regulating the reading of the Law in the synagogue on weekdays and other matters relating to the service, many of which are to this day observed in synagogues.
315:, but his mission is not known. Although Rabbi Joshua was connected through family ties with the patriarchal house, and always manifested his high esteem for its members, it is largely due to him that the friendship between the southern schools and the patriarchal house diminished. Joshua was the first to ordain fully his own pupils in all cases where ordination was requisite, thus assuming a power that hitherto had lain in the hands of the head of the
25:
122:
966:
438:). He conceived the relation between Israel and God as most intimate, and he expresses it in the words, "Not even a wall of iron could separate Israel from his Father in heaven." In his doctrine of future reward and punishment, paradise will receive those who have performed the will of God, while the underworld becomes the home of the wicked. In
379:
In the field of legal interpretation, Joshua was of considerable importance, his decisions being generally declared valid even when disputed by his contemporaries Rabbi
Johanan and Resh Lakish. He was lenient, especially in cases where cleanliness and the preservation of health were involved. Joshua
302:
Joshua devoted much of his time to furthering the public welfare. His wealth, and his alliance to the patriarchal family through the marriage of his son Joseph, must have added to his authority. He was recognized as a representative of the Land of Israel Jewry, for he was found in company with his
412:
There is also a reference to a book ("pinkes") by Joshua ben Levi which is presumed by some to have presented aggadic themes, but this can not be well reconciled with Joshua’s disparaging of the writing down of homiletic exegesis. Nonetheless, homiletic exegesis occupied an important place in the
298:
mercies extend over all His creatures". His love of justice and his concern that the innocent might suffer on account of the guilty led him to speak against the custom then prevailing of removing from office a reader who, by omitting certain benedictions, had aroused the suspicion of heresy.
286:, whose piety and sincerity must have exerted a powerful influence upon the character of Joshua. Joshua himself had a gentle disposition. He was known for his modesty and piety, and whenever he instituted public fasting and prayer, it was said that his appeals were answered.
442:
he found
Biblical authority for the resurrection of the dead, and in Genesis Rabbah 26 he expressed the liberal view that immortality is the portion not only of Israel, but of all other nations as well. In a legend, Joshua inquired of the Messiah when he was coming, and
423:(6:2-7) including his 48 attributes of excellent students—the 48th being that of attributing a saying to its original speaker. Joshua ben Levi’s emphasis of study was seen when he spoke of God as saying to
289:
His love of peace prevented him from making any attacks against the theology of the minim (heretics). He was tolerant, though they often annoyed him. And he forbore cursing one of them, pronouncing rather
358:
through the submissive Angel of Death. Many of the legends relating to Joshua have been collected in separate small works entitled "Ma'aseh deRabbi
Yehoshua ben Levi" and "Massekhet Gan Eden veGehinnom."
416:
As an exegete, Rabbi Joshua ben Levi was of some importance, his interpretations often enabling him to deduce legal rulings. Some of his explanations have been accepted by later commentators.
797:
Jerusalem Talmud
Shabbat 15c; Midrash Tehillim 22:4; Bacher, "Ag. Pal. Amor." 1:129, against Weiss, "Dor," 3:60, who assumes that the "pinkes" was the work of another rabbi of the same name.
282:, whom he often quoted. But Joshua considered his greatest indebtedness to Rabbi Judah ben Pedaiah, from whom he learned a great number of legal rulings. Another of his teachers was
434:
Some of Joshua's philosophical and theological opinions are recorded. Speaking of the attributes of God, he represented God as "great, mighty, and awe-inspiring" (
371:
claims to have found Rabbi Joshua ben Levi's gravesite while doing construction on his property in
Tzipori. The grave may be that of another man by the same name.
311:
was besieged because a political fugitive had found refuge there, Joshua saved the city and its inhabitants by surrendering the refugee. He also made a journey to
447:
answered that it will be when Israel heeds God's voice. In another connection, he spoke of the futility of estimating the time of the coming of the
Messiah.
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For evidence that such friendship once existed, see
Babylonian Talmud Eruvin 65b; Jerusalem Talmud Pesachim 32a.
57:
493:
Between Rome and
Babylon: Studies in Jewish Leadership and Society, Aharon Oppenheimer and Nili Oppenheimer
235:
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1208:
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teaching of Rabbi Joshua. His disciples and contemporaries quoted many such propositions in his name.
307:, who accorded Joshua and his colleague much honor and respect. On another occasion, when the city of
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397:), however, he was even more influential. He had a high opinion of that study, and he explained
295:
35:
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528:
Grätz, "Gesch." 4:263; Frankel, "Mebo," 91b; Weiss, "Dor," 3:60; Bacher, "Ag. Pal. Amor." 1:124.
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Rabbi Joshua ben Levi was a favorite hero in legend. He was often made to be the companion of
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1023:
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384:. And his own legal interpretations resemble in their form and brevity the writings of the
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It is uncertain whether the name "ben Levi" meant the son of Levi, whom some identify with
8:
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Babylonian Talmud Yoma 69b; Jerusalem Talmud
Berakhot 11c; Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 74c.
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168:. With Johanan bar Nappaha, he often engaged in homiletic exegetical discussions.
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friend Rabbi Hanina interceding on behalf of his people before the proconsul in
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and the nether world, and he sent a description of what he saw there to Rabban
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in the first half of the third century. He lived and taught in the city of
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A number of his teachings were recorded in the sixth and final chapter of
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969: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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401:, "the works of God," as referring to homiletic exegesis. Similarly in
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Exodus Rabbah 6; Ecclesiastes Rabbah 7:7; Genesis Rabbah 94
312:
1008:
758:
Babylonian Talmud
Shabbat 121b; Jerusalem Talmud Yoma 44d
308:
153:
367:
The site of his grave is not known, but Mitch Pilcer of
342:
in the latter's wanderings on earth. See, for example,
832:
Babylonian Talmud Makkot 10a; Midrash Tehillim 122:2.
724:"Court to Decide on Fate of Rabbi Yehoshua's Grave"
859:Leviticus Rabbah 16; Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 9d
2052:
632:Jerusalem Talmud Terumot 46b; Genesis Rabbah 94.
1024:
350:. While yet alive, he was permitted to visit
243:
947:Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (January 1863).
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322:His son and student Joseph, also a notable
1031:
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519:Bava Batra 116a; Megillah 27a; Shevuot 18b
380:devoted himself to the elucidation of the
346:. He also had legendary dealings with the
250:
236:
895:Babylonian Talmud Pesachim 85b; Sotah 38b
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
746:"רצה לבנות צימר, ומצא את קברו של הריב"ל"
120:
16:3rd century Judean scholar of the Talmud
2053:
1580:
45:Please improve this article by adding
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677:Shabbat 68a; Berachot 8b; Yevamot 9a
278:Rabbi Joshua ben Levi studied under
125:Title page from Rachlin, I. (1906).
18:
716:
13:
1973:Seventh Generation (until 465 CE):
573:
562:
164:, who presided over the school in
156:. He was an elder contemporary of
14:
2082:
2061:Talmud rabbis of Syria Palaestina
2009:Eighth Generation (until 500 CE):
1785:Fourth Generation (until 340 CE):
1637:Second Generation (until 280 CE):
1414:Fourth Generation (until 340 CE):
1132:Second Generation (until 280 CE):
993:
978:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
925:; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 98a
1927:Sixth Generation (until 430 CE):
1866:Fifth Generation (until 380 CE):
1718:Third Generation (until 310 CE):
1590:First Generation (until 250 CE):
1541:Sixth Generation (until 410 CE):
1510:Fifth Generation (until 380 CE):
1223:Third Generation (until 310 CE):
1061:First Generation (until 250 CE):
988:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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344:The Messiah at the Gates of Rome
23:
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913:Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 91b
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949:"The Legend of Rabbi Ben Levi"
841:Babylonian Talmud Megillah 27a
704:Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 51a
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1:
868:Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 8a
850:Babylonian Talmud Berakhot 8a
668:Babylonian Talmud Nedarim 42b
479:
47:secondary or tertiary sources
1004:. New York: A. H. Rosenberg.
904:Babylonian Talmud Eruvin 19a
623:Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 9a
596:Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 9c
461:The Legend of Rabbi Ben Levi
374:
362:
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273:
171:
129:. New York: A. H. Rosenberg.
7:
1776:Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzchak
1209:Hillel, son of Gamaliel III
1038:
877:Babylonian Talmud Sotah 39b
467:
409:) with homiletic exegesis.
10:
2087:
587:Babylonian Talmud Yoma 19b
457:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
326:, married the daughter of
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266:, or a descendant of the
1873:Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak
1699:Raba Bar Jeremiah (Abba)
1123:Simeon ben Judah ha-Nasi
937:9:1; Leviticus Rabbah 19
788:Weiss, "Dor," p. 60
1476:Abba bar Hiyya bar Abba
985:The Jewish Encyclopedia
814:; see Exodus Rabbah 23.
605:Ecclesiastes Rabbah 7:7
405:he identified "glory" (
391:In homiletic exegesis (
1771:Rav Shmuel bar Yehudah
1563:Samuel b. Jose b. Boon
1548:Judah IV (Nesi'ah III)
1421:Judah III (Nesi'ah II)
1380:Shila of Kefar Tamarta
463:was published in 1863.
130:
34:relies excessively on
1827:Hiyya b. Abin Naggara
124:
1350:Tachlifa of the West
1139:Judah II (Nesi'ah I)
1118:Simeon ben Jehozadak
1000:Rachlin, I. (1906).
144:, a scholar of the
1822:Idi b. Abin Naggara
1756:Rabbah bar Rav Huna
1751:Rav Yosef bar Hiyya
1558:Hanina of Sepphoris
1290:Rabbah bar bar Hana
1144:Johanan bar Nappaha
1088:Epes the Southerner
953:www.theatlantic.com
713:Derekh Eretz Zuta 1
158:Johanan bar Nappaha
148:, who lived in the
2071:3rd-century rabbis
1725:Rabbah bar Nahmani
1603:Samuel of Nehardea
1461:Isaac ben Eliashiv
1395:Kahana bar Tahlifa
1360:Luliani ben Tabrin
641:Genesis Rabbah 33.
451:In popular culture
131:
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2044:
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1832:Mar son of Ravina
1669:Jeremiah bar Abba
1649:Judah bar Ezekiel
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1491:Pedat ben Eleazar
1275:Samuel ben Nahman
1154:Eleazar ben Pedat
1149:Shimon ben Lakish
474:Shimon bar Yochai
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138:Yehoshua ben Levi
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118:
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58:"Joshua ben Levi"
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2036:Samuel b. Abbahu
2016:Rabbah Tosafa'ah
2000:Judah b. Meremar
1985:Mar bar Rav Ashi
1684:Hiyya bar Joseph
1664:Rabbah bar Abuha
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1553:Tanhuma bar Abba
1471:Hasa of Eshtemoa
1325:Jose of Yokereth
1320:Hanina ben Pappa
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1908:Rav Mesharshiya
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1847:Rabbah b. Shela
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1761:Joseph bar Hama
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1704:Adda bar Ahavah
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1441:Jose bar Zevida
1436:Rabbi Berekhiah
1409:
1385:Anani ben Sason
1370:Shimon ben Pazi
1355:Avdimi of Haifa
1315:Hanina bar Papi
1305:Abba bar Kahana
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1194:Hama bar Hanina
1164:Jose bar Hanina
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1083:Hoshaiah Rabbah
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264:Levi ben Sisi
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1949:Rami b. Abba
1766:Ammi b. Abba
1659:Hamnuna Saba
1405:Abin Naggara
1365:Abba of Acre
1113:Jeremiah (I)
1092:
1078:Rabbi Yannai
1068:Gamaliel III
1054:Eretz Israel
1001:
983:
952:
942:
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873:
864:
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837:
828:
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763:
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728:. Retrieved
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328:Judah haNasi
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261:
137:
133:
132:
126:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
33:
2026:Rabbah Jose
1995:Aha b. Rava
1746:Hamnuna III
1731:Rav Nachman
1597:Abba Arikha
1581:Amoraim of
1446:Rabbi Jonah
1335:Hoshaiah II
1230:Gamaliel IV
1108:Bar Kappara
1052:Amoraim of
923:Psalm 95:7.
812:Exodus 15:1
806:See, e.g.,
695:Pesikta 36a
566:Berakhot 7a
549:Taanit 66c.
515:Babylonian
436:Deut. 10:17
429:Psalm 84:11
421:Pirkei Avot
292:Psalm 145:9
280:Bar Kappara
162:Resh Lakish
2055:Categories
1837:Rav Shizbi
1741:Rav Chisda
1689:Rav Giddel
1679:Rav Berona
1654:Hamnuna II
1522:Gamaliel V
1466:Rabbi Aibu
1240:Rabbi Assi
1235:Rabbi Ammi
480:References
440:Psalm 84:5
399:Psalm 28:5
69:newspapers
36:references
2021:Ravina II
1990:Rafram II
1980:Rav Yemar
1903:Mar Zutra
1893:Rav Zevid
1812:Rav Safra
1618:Rav Shela
1517:Hillel II
1431:Rabbi Aha
1390:Alexandri
1310:Rav Avira
1002:Bar Levoi
730:24 August
375:Teachings
363:Gravesite
334:In legend
317:Sanhedrin
274:Biography
224:Acharonim
172:Etymology
140:) was an
127:Bar Levoi
99:June 2022
1939:Ravina I
1934:Rav Ashi
1883:Rav Papi
1878:Rav Papa
1727:(Rabbah)
1644:Rav Huna
1623:Rav Assi
1608:Mar Ukva
1179:Hezekiah
1073:R. Hiyya
468:See also
459:'s poem
356:Gamaliel
352:paradise
305:Caesarea
219:Rishonim
207:Savoraim
166:Tiberias
2066:Levites
1944:Maremar
1736:Sheshet
1583:Babylon
1375:Me'asha
1295:Levi II
1040:Amoraim
973::
394:aggadah
386:Tannaim
382:Mishnah
369:Tzipori
319:alone.
202:Amoraim
197:Tannaim
83:scholar
1898:Amemar
1456:Zerika
1340:Hanina
1280:Abin I
1245:Abbahu
1204:Simlai
570:Talmud
559:Talmud
517:Talmud
445:Elijah
340:Elijah
214:Geonim
187:Chazal
146:Talmud
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1792:Abaye
1613:Karna
1599:(Rav)
1481:Rabin
1270:Helbo
1265:Zeira
1214:Zeiri
425:David
407:kavod
324:amora
296:God's
192:Zugot
142:amora
90:JSTOR
76:books
1797:Rava
1709:Anan
1250:Ulla
770:28:5
732:2009
313:Rome
160:and
62:news
309:Lod
294:, "
154:Lod
38:to
2057::
982:.
951:.
574:b.
572:,
568:;
563:b.
561:,
506:94
330:.
270:.
49:.
1032:e
1025:t
1018:v
748:.
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427:(
251:e
244:t
237:v
136:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
43:.
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