689:
Scholarship programmes still exist with 10-15 scholarships being awarded each year. The scholarships are directed at outstanding engineers who, like Sir Joseph
Whitworth, have excellent academic and practical skills and the qualities needed to succeed in industry, who are wishing to embark/or have already commenced on an engineering degree-level programme of any engineering discipline. As of 2018, the Scholarship pays up to £5,450 per year for up to four years in the case of a full time undergraduate. The handling and administration of the awards is now carried out by the
449:
489:
1502:
643:
714:
53:
373:
369:(1811–1891), he was appointed a British commissioner for the New York International Exhibition. They toured around industrial sites of several American states, and the result of their journey was a report 'The Industry of the United States in Machinery, Manufactures and Useful and Applied Arts, compiled from the Official Reports of Messrs Whitworth and Wallis, London, 1854.'
1514:
740:, to complete the front quadrangle of Owens College. He was president of the Whitworth Institute from 1890 to 1895 and was much interested in the medical and other charities of Manchester, especially the Cancer Pavilion and Home, of whose committee he was chairman from 1890 to 1893, and which later became the
688:
One of the most prominent forms of his generosity was his development of the
Whitworth Scholarships with the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Still running to this day, this provides financial opportunities for young engineers with a strong blend of academic and practical abilities. The Whitworth
539:
In 1841 Whitworth devised a standard for screw threads with a fixed thread angle of 55° and having a standard pitch for a given diameter. This soon became the first nationally standardised system; its adoption by the railway companies, who until then had all used different screw threads, led to its
523:
techniques on three trial surfaces. Up until his introduction of the scraping technique, the same three-plate method was employed using polishing techniques, giving less accurate results. This led to an explosion of development of precision instruments using these flat-surface generation techniques
481:
301:
in
Derbyshire. The plan was that Whitworth would become a partner in the business. From the outset he was fascinated by the mill's machinery and soon he mastered the techniques of the cotton spinning industry but even at this age he noticed the poor standards of accuracy and was critical of the
302:
milling machinery. This early exposure to the mechanics of the industry forged in him the ambition to make machinery with much greater precision. His apprenticeship at Amber Mill lasted for a four-year term after which he worked for another four years as a mechanic in a factory in
578:
had a smaller bore of 0.451 inches (11.455 mm) which was hexagonal, fired an elongated hexagonal bullet and had a faster rate of twist rifling than the
Enfield, and its performance during tests in 1859 was superior to the Enfield's in every way. The test was reported in
656:
gun with a 2.75 inches (69.85 mm) bore, a 12 pounds 11 ounces (5.75 kg) projectile and a range of about 6 miles (10 km). The spirally-grooved projectile was patented in 1855. This was rejected by the
British Army, who preferred the guns from
329:
Whitworth developed great skill as a mechanic while working for
Maudslay, developing various precision machine tools and also introducing a box casting scheme for the iron frames of machine tools that simultaneously increased their rigidity and reduced their weight.
664:
While trying to increase the bursting strength of his gun barrels, Whitworth patented a process called "fluid-compressed steel" for casting steel under pressure and built a new steel works near
Manchester. Some of his castings were shown at the Great Exhibition in
728:, each of whom was left more than half a million pounds for their own use, 'they being each of them aware of the objects' to which these funds would have been put by Whitworth. They chose to spend more than a fifth of the money on support for
585:
on 23 April as a great success. However, the new bore design was found to be prone to fouling and it was four times more expensive to manufacture than the
Enfield, so it was rejected by the British government, only to be adopted by the
431:
for the advancement of mechanical engineering. He donated a sum of £128,000 to the government in 1868 (approximately £6.5 million in 2010) to bring "science and industry" closer together and to fund scholarships. In 1869,
527:
His next innovation, in 1840, was a measuring technique called "end measurements" that used a precision flat plane and measuring screw, both of his own invention. The system, with a precision of one millionth of an inch
799:
to support all
Whitworth Scholars and to promote engineering in the UK. The Society brings together those Whitworth Scholars who have benefited from Sir Joseph Whitworth's generosity.
775:
is called
Whitworth Lane. In Darley Dale is another Whitworth Park. In recognition of his achievements and contributions to education in Manchester, the Whitworth Building on the
266:, Cheshire, where the Stockport Courthouse is today. The site is marked by a blue plaque on the back wall of the courthouse. He was the son of Charles Whitworth, a teacher and
1604:
824:
1559:
1292:
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The Industry of the United States in Machinery, Manufactures, and Useful and Ornamental Arts. Compiled from the Official Reports of Messrs. Whitworth and Wallis
405:
1324:
409:
621:
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and other machine tools, which became renowned for their high standard of workmanship. Whitworth is attributed with the introduction of the
1619:
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86:
628:, in 1860 by firing a Whitworth rifle from a fixed mechanical rest. The rifle scored a bull's eye at a range of 400 yards (366 m).
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Whitworth received many awards for the excellence of his designs and was financially very successful. In 1850, then a President of the
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693:. Since 2006, a Whitworth Senior Scholarship was agreed by the trustees to support Postgraduate Research leading to a
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472:. He directed his trustees to spend his fortune on philanthropic projects, which they still do to this day.
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in Darley Dale, Derbyshire and moved there with his second wife Louisa in 1872. He supplied four six-
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where he had travelled in the hope of improving his health. He was buried at St Helen's Church,
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227:
43:
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771:, running from London Road to the south end of Deansgate. Near 'The Firs' a cycleway behind
222:
in 1869. Upon his death in 1887, Whitworth bequeathed much of his fortune for the people of
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1427:
698:
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653:
567:
275:
1322:
Ward, A. W.; Curthoys, M. C. (23 September 2004). "Christie, Richard Copley (1830–1901)".
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8:
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was a friend of Whitworth's. By Whitworth's will, Christie was appointed one of three
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Whitworth's company merged with the W.G. Armstrong & Mitchell Company to become
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736:. In 1897, Christie personally assigned more than £50,000 for the erection of the
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610:" because of its accuracy, which is considered one of the earliest examples of a
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207:" because of its accuracy, which is considered one of the earliest examples of a
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A strong believer in the value of technical education, Whitworth backed the new
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282:; his aptitude for mechanics became apparent when he began work for his uncle.
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239:
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were established as part of his bequest to Manchester after his death. Nearby
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of the British government to design a replacement for the calibre .577-inch
484:
Graphic representation of formulas for the pitches of threads of screw bolts
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358:
319:
208:
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in 1844. In 1853, along with his lifelong friend, artist and art educator
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468:, Derbyshire. A detailed obituary was published in the American magazine
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461:
334:
298:
104:
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Plaque from the memorial in Whitworth Park, Darley Dale erected in 1894
303:
294:
291:
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1118:"Whitworth Scholarship Awards (Undergraduate & Masters) - Details"
1224:
Origins of Street Names in the City Centre of Manchester: A Selection
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529:
271:
263:
191:, entrepreneur, inventor and philanthropist. In 1841, he devised the
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590:. An unspecified number of Whitworth rifles found their way to the
354:
188:
52:
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211:, used by some Confederate forces during the American Civil war.
37:
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Darley's 'Lady Bountiful': Lady Mary Louisa Whitworth, 1829-1896
372:
345:. While at Clement's workshop he helped with the manufacture of
306:. He then moved to London where he found employment working for
460:
In January 1887 at the age of 83, Sir Joseph Whitworth died in
357:, Manchester, in 1833 to start his own business manufacturing
666:
420:
1110:
297:
to his uncle, Joseph Hulse, a cotton spinner at Amber Mill,
1390:
Miscellaneous Papers on Mechanical Subjects: Guns and Steel
702:
376:
The Firs, now the Chancellors Hotel & Conference Centre
16:
English engineer, entrepreneur, inventor and philanthropist
931:
452:
The grave of Sir Joseph Whitworth Bart. In the grounds of
400:
blocks of stone from Darley Dale quarry, for the lions of
1298:
Sir Joseph Whitworth, a Pioneer of Mechanical Engineering
732:, together with the purchase of land now occupied by the
570:, whose shortcomings had been revealed during the recent
397:
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1001:. Vol. 19, no. 6. June 1887. pp. 133–134.
907:
1087:
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Confederate Whitworth Sniper: Hexagonal Bullets in 1860
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as a basis for further construction of precise shapes.
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minister, and at an early age developed an interest in
1490:
1444:
President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers
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Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland
1200:
Sir Joseph Whitworth: "the World's Best Mechanician"
1082:
1034:
1022:
883:
456:, Derbyshire (Whitworth's grave is the central tomb)
187:(21 December 1803 – 22 January 1887) was an English
1605:
People associated with the University of Manchester
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1046:
839:
404:. He was conferred with Honorary Membership of the
895:
548:", abbreviated to BSW and governed by BS 84:1956.
919:
851:
744:. Part of his bequest was used to construct the
1560:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
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755:(formerly the Whitworth Institute) and adjacent
632:Whitworth rifled cannon breech-loading artillery
1369:
1070:
937:
496:
388:in Fallowfield in south Manchester designed by
195:system, which created an accepted standard for
1365:. Vol. 61. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
606:groups at 500 yards. It was often called the "
1328:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1321:
1166:
825:"Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660-2015"
1374:. London, England: G. Routledge & Co.
1370:Whitworth, Joseph; Wallis, George (1854).
965:
661:, but was used in the American Civil War.
551:
511:for producing accurate flat surfaces (see
51:
1386:
889:
540:widespread acceptance. It later became a
410:Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1857
290:After leaving school Whitworth became an
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1402:Professional and academic associations
1325:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1317:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
1280:
1261:
1064:
1052:
1005:
779:'s Main Campus is named in his honour.
242:in Manchester are named in his honour.
1527:
1393:. Longmans, Green, Reader, & Dyer.
1241:
925:
863:
1183:
901:
819:
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454:St Helen's Parish Church, Darley Dale
337:(makers of lathes used primarily for
1625:Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts
1550:19th-century British philanthropists
1187:The Illustrated London Almanack 1869
990:
961:from the original on 3 October 2020.
782:
234:partly funded by Whitworth's money.
1620:19th-century English businesspeople
1610:People of the Industrial Revolution
1418:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
1305:
1291:
1135:
1076:
997:"Scientific: Sir Joseph Whitworh".
857:
797:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
691:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
602:". The rifles were capable of sub-
382:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
262:Whitworth was born in John Street,
136:Institution of Mechanical Engineers
13:
1315:English and American Tool Builders
1190:. London: Illustrated London News.
814:
562:Whitworth was commissioned by the
14:
1636:
1555:American Civil War industrialists
761:Whitworth Park Halls of Residence
176:Sir Joseph Whitworth, 1st Baronet
1512:
1500:
1459:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
1362:Dictionary of National Biography
652:Whitworth also designed a large
620:opened the first meeting of the
21:For the English footballer, see
943:
879:. 8 October 1869. p. 5446.
683:
1143:"Whitworth Scholarship Awards"
951:"Honorary Members and Fellows"
492:Screw-making machine from 1871
1:
1595:History of Greater Manchester
802:
767:, one of the main streets in
763:also bears his name, as does
669:
402:St George's Hall in Liverpool
257:
199:. Whitworth also created the
58:
57:By unknown artist, Whitworth
1585:Fellows of the Royal Society
1565:British mechanical engineers
1342:UK public library membership
1122:whitworthscholarships.org.uk
999:The Manufacturer and Builder
807:
708:
497:Accuracy and standardisation
470:The Manufacturer and Builder
349:'s calculating machine, the
252:
7:
1264:Joseph Whitworth: Toolmaker
1248:Imperial Measures of Length
938:Whitworth & Wallis 1854
532:), was demonstrated at the
425:Manchester School of Design
314:, alongside such people as
10:
1641:
1387:Whitworth, Joseph (1873).
1281:Kilburn, Terrence (1990).
1176:
734:Manchester Royal Infirmary
647:12-pounder Whitworth rifle
638:12-pounder Whitworth rifle
635:
622:National Rifle Association
598:, where they were called "
555:
546:British Standard Whitworth
515:) during the 1830s, using
507:Whitworth popularised the
503:British Standard Whitworth
500:
427:. In 1868, he founded the
408:in 1859. He was elected a
384:, he built a house called
333:Whitworth also worked for
193:British Standard Whitworth
20:
1570:Engineers from Lancashire
1469:
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1449:
1442:
1434:
1424:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1352:"Whitworth, Joseph"
1349:Seccombe, Thomas (1900).
1262:Kilburn, Terence (1987).
973:"Scholarships and Awards"
678:
285:
169:
152:
141:
127:
120:
112:
93:
68:
50:
32:
1167:Ward & Curthoys 2004
795:, then president of the
777:University of Manchester
443:
280:West Riding of Yorkshire
214:Whitworth was created a
1580:English philanthropists
1380:2027/coo.31924030701001
1221:Bradshaw, L.D. (1985).
1093:"Whitworth Scholarship"
722:Richard Copley Christie
600:Whitworth Sharpshooters
552:Whitworth rifled musket
475:
423:) and helped found the
145:Whitworth standardised
1334:10.1093/ref:odnb/32408
1293:Lea, Frederick Charles
769:Manchester city centre
718:
649:
493:
485:
457:
377:
310:, the inventor of the
1600:Machine tool builders
1545:People from Stockport
753:Whitworth Art Gallery
716:
654:rifled breech-loading
645:
491:
483:
451:
429:Whitworth Scholarship
419:in Manchester (later
375:
274:. He was educated at
228:Whitworth Art Gallery
85:, Cheshire, England,
1097:whitworthsociety.org
568:Pattern 1853 Enfield
417:Mechanics' Institute
392:. In 1854 he bought
335:Holtzapffel & Co
203:, often called the "
34:Sir Joseph Whitworth
1615:Bessemer Gold Medal
1307:Roe, Joseph Wickham
1242:Edkins, Jo (2009).
835:on 15 October 2015.
793:Prof. Hele-Shaw FRS
746:Whitworth Institute
509:three-plates method
312:screw-cutting lathe
247:Armstrong Whitworth
142:Significant advance
1311:"Ch. IX Whitworth"
1301:. London: Longman.
1266:. Scarthin Books.
876:The London Gazette
719:
650:
596:American Civil War
494:
486:
458:
378:
339:ornamental turning
122:Engineering career
1590:Firearm designers
1575:English inventors
1489:
1488:
1450:Succeeded by
1425:Succeeded by
1416:President of the
1410:William Fairbairn
1340:(Subscription or
1234:978-0-907511-87-8
916:, pp. 57–58.
789:Whitworth Society
783:Whitworth Society
751:The university's
742:Christie Hospital
436:made Whitworth a
353:. He returned to
351:Difference engine
318:(inventor of the
278:, near Bradford,
232:Christie Hospital
173:
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1196:Atkinson, Norman
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831:. Archived from
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765:Whitworth Street
748:in Darley Dale.
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542:British Standard
534:Great Exhibition
236:Whitworth Street
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79:21 December 1803
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791:was founded by
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576:Whitworth rifle
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558:Whitworth rifle
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517:engineer's blue
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394:Stancliffe Hall
347:Charles Babbage
324:Richard Roberts
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201:Whitworth rifle
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636:Main article:
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564:War Department
556:Main article:
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434:Queen Victoria
390:Edward Walters
343:Joseph Clement
308:Henry Maudslay
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220:Queen Victoria
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101:(aged 83)
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1244:"Small units"
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787:In 1923, the
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23:Joe Whitworth
19:
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1466:New creation
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1253:23 September
1251:. Retrieved
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1186:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:
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1125:. Retrieved
1121:
1112:
1100:. Retrieved
1096:
1072:
1065:Kilburn 1990
1060:
1053:Kilburn 1987
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833:the original
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612:sniper rifle
608:sharpshooter
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320:steam hammer
289:
261:
244:
213:
209:sniper rifle
205:sharpshooter
175:
174:
163:Albert Medal
128:Institutions
121:
99:(1887-01-22)
27:
18:
1540:1887 deaths
1535:1803 births
1357:Lee, Sidney
926:Edkins 2009
871:"No. 23544"
673: 1883
592:Confederate
588:French Army
572:Crimean War
466:Darley Dale
462:Monte Carlo
299:Oakerthorpe
226:, with the
105:Monte Carlo
62: 1846
1529:Categories
1480:1869–1887
1447:1865–1866
1422:1856–1857
1344:required.)
1273:0907758223
1147:imeche.org
1102:7 December
982:30 October
977:imeche.org
902:Anon. 1869
827:. London:
803:References
773:Owens Park
386:'The Firs'
304:Manchester
295:apprentice
292:indentured
258:Early life
224:Manchester
113:Occupation
75:1803-12-21
1519:Biography
1452:John Penn
1428:John Penn
808:Citations
709:Memorials
659:Armstrong
626:Wimbledon
582:The Times
536:of 1851.
528:(25
272:machinery
264:Stockport
253:Biography
249:in 1897.
83:Stockport
1484:Extinct
1309:(1916).
1295:(1948).
1198:(1996).
1152:27 March
1127:27 March
1077:Lea 1948
959:Archived
858:Roe 1916
726:legatees
521:scraping
355:Openshaw
189:engineer
116:Engineer
107:, Monaco
1493:Portals
1472:Baronet
1359:(ed.).
1177:Sources
1018:YouTube
438:baronet
216:baronet
160:(1857)
1338:
1270:
1231:
1210:
1204:Sutton
679:Legacy
574:. The
359:lathes
341:) and
322:) and
286:Career
165:(1868)
153:Awards
1355:. In
955:IESIS
695:MPhil
667:Paris
444:Death
421:UMIST
182:
1268:ISBN
1255:2009
1229:ISBN
1208:ISBN
1154:2020
1129:2020
1104:2018
984:2012
703:EngD
519:and
476:Work
363:thou
276:Idle
238:and
230:and
184:FRSA
94:Died
69:Born
44:FRSA
1376:hdl
1330:doi
1016:on
701:or
699:PhD
624:at
604:MOA
544:, "
398:ton
218:by
180:FRS
158:FRS
41:FRS
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77:)
73:(
25:.
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