482:. Josefa Llanes Escoda, as the president of the National Federation of Women's Clubs, continued her social work but also supported underground wartime activities against the Japanese. The two-story building of the NFWC headquarters was used as a dormitory for stranded students and teachers, and a restaurant was set up to raise funds for community kitchens in Manila and provisions for prisoners of war. The Girl Scouts of the Philippines also supported wartime activities by providing funds for social work and relief to prisoners of war in the Bataan Death March and concentration camps. The Japanese allowed the NFWC to operate in community relief and support operations without interference during the occupation period.
497:"I have done my duty to my country and God! To my mind the most I have done is having helped with the little I could do to save the lives of the surrendered soldiers of Bataan and Corregidor. I have offered myself as a guarantor for men later released by the enemy, that they commit no anti-Japanese act, men who, if they had the guts left would continue their resistance. I have acted as guarantors not only for the sake of humanity, but also to encourage them to fight again. If you happen to survive, and I fail, tell our people that the women of the Philippines did their part also in making the ember sparks of truth and liberty alive till the last moment."
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to the United States in 1939 to undergo extensive training in girl scouting in preparation for formally organizing a girl scout's organization in the
Philippines. In her trip, she observed boy and girl scouting work in various cities in the US. She also visited the World Bureau of Girl Scouts and
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from
Columbia University in 1925. She also held a position in the National Federation of Women's Clubs (NFWC), serving as executive secretary in 1923, and later serving as president from 1941 to 1944. While in the United States, Josefa joined a group of foreign students who supported an
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from 1930 to 1932. She was appointed as the field secretary of the
Philippine Chapter of the American Red Cross from 1926 to 1929, where she managed civilian relief activities in rural communities and assisted in finding jobs for the unemployed.
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occupied by the
Japanese. She was last seen alive on 6 January 1945, severely beaten and weak, and was transferred into a Japanese transport truck. It is presumed that she was executed and buried in an unmarked grave, either in the
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as Josefa Llanes y
Madamba. She was the eldest of the seven children of Mercedes Madamba and Gabriel Llanes. Josefa's siblings were Florencio, Luisa, Elvira, Rosario, Purita, and Eufrocina. Josefa's nickname was Pepa as a child.
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project in New York. During her free time in the
International House, she accepted speaking engagements around the United States to lecture about the Philippines to American audiences. It was also her practice to wear a
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was the
Chairman of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines Central Committee, while Josefa became the group's first National Executive. At the time of the charter, there were 1,000 Girl Scouts in the Philippines.
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Lt. José L. Llanes, Commander of Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur, said he saw Escoda on 14 January 1944 in the presence of her husband, Antonio Escoda. Escoda left this final message to Lt. José L. Llanes:
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pushed deeper into the country, the couple intensified their activities of supplying medicine, food, clothes, and messages to both
Filipino war prisoners and American internees in concentration camps.
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After her stay in the United States from 1922 to 1925, Escoda returned to the
Philippines in 1926. She became a lecturer in sociology at the University of the Philippines from 1927 to 1930 and at the
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A street in Manila has been named after Josefa Llanes Escoda, and monuments has been dedicated to her memory in Ermita, Manila, and her birthplace in
Dingras, Ilocos Norte. In 2007, a portion of the
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Escoda returned to the Philippines again in 1940. Afterward, she began to train young women to become girl scout leaders, then organized the Girl Scouts of the Philippines. On 26 May 1940, President
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With the formation of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines in 1936, an initiative was formed to organize a girl scout's organization in the Philippines. Escoda traveled with sponsorship from the
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pay homage to Josefa Llanes Escoda every 20 September by celebrating her birth anniversary with activities that commemorate her contributions to youth development and her martyrdom.
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During her first trip to the United States, while she was at the Women's International League for Peace 1925, she met Antonio Escoda, a Philippine Press Bureau reporter from
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Various Proclamations were issued to declare 20 September, the birthday of Escoda, as Josefa Llanes Escoda Day. The first was in 1959, when President
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to earn her teaching degree and graduated with honors in 1919. While working as a teacher, she earned a high school teacher's certificate from the
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Declaring 1998 as Josefa Llanes Escoda Centennial Year and September 20, 1998 as a Special Day in the Province of Ilocos Norte
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An Act to Create a Public Corporation to Be Known as the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, and to Define Its Powers and Purposes
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Antonio was first arrested in June 1944, and Escoda was also arrested two months later on 27 August. She was imprisoned in
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An Act Naming the San Nicolas—Solsona Portion of the Ilocos Norte—Apayao Road as the Josefa Llanes Escoda National Highway
509:, who was imprisoned with him. On 6 January 1945, Josefa Llanes Escoda was then taken and held in one of the buildings of
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An Act to Create a Corporation to Be Known as the Girl Scouts of the Philippines, and to Define Its Powers and Purposes
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declared 1998 as the Josefa Llanes Centennial Year and 20 September 1998 as a Special Day in Ilocos Norte.
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However, by 1944, news of the underground activities of Escoda and her husband Antonio had spread. As the
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After obtaining her teacher's certificate, she became a social worker for the Philippine Chapter of the
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An Ordinance Renaming California Street, From Taft Avenue Dart Street, as "Josefa Llanes Escoda Street"
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declared September 20, 1986, as Josefa Llanes Escoda Day in Ilocos Norte. On 29 May 1998, President
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whom she later married. They had two children: Maria Teresa (who later became the President of the
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722:"Filipino Heritage Month: Social Worker Josefa Llanes Escoda | Rutgers School of Social Work"
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Declaring September 20, 1986, as Josefa Llanes Escoda Day in the Province of Ilocos Norte.
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Her father, Gabriel Llanes, died in 1918 due to an influenza epidemic in the Philippines.
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dress during her lecture tours to promote foreigners' interest in the Philippines.
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1075:"PH Girl Scouts celebrate 122nd birth anniversary of founder Josefa Llanes Escoda"
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Josefa Llanes Escoda: a life dedicated to humanitarian service: a biography
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1201:"LOOK: Google pays tribute to Josefa Llanes Escoda on her 120th birthday"
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Road was also renamed in her honor. She is depicted on the current 1000-
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278: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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to the United States in 1922, where she earned a master's degree in
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1140:"Google pays tribute to Josefa Llanes Escoda on her 120th birthday"
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Declaring Friday, September 20, 1986, as Josefa Llanes Escoda Day
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as one of three Filipinos martyred by the Japanese Armed Forces.
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from her provincial high school in Ilocos Norte. She went to
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Presidential Proclamation No. 443 (17 September 1957),
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Presidential Proclamation No. 31 (9 September 1986),
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signed the charter of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines.
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Manila City Ordinance No. 4619 (19 September 1962),
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Presidential Proclamation No. 1214 (29 May 1998),
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People executed in the Philippines during World War II
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in grade school from Dingras Elementary School and as
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depicting Filipinos who fought and died resisting the
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940:"ExecutedToday.com » 1945: Josefa Llanes Escoda"
1229:"PBBM declares special non-working days in 7 towns"
1259:. Ermita, Manila: Girl Scouts of the Philippines.
1107:"Girl Scouts of the Philippines to honor founder"
794:Commonwealth Act No. 111 (31 October 1936),
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1323:
454:Girl Guides in 1940 in London for her training.
1317:108th Birth Anniversary of Josefa Llanes-Escoda
578:was created to commemorate her 120th birthday.
392:. The Red Cross granted her a scholarship as a
41:, the birth surname or paternal family name is
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988:. Makati City, Philippines: Tower Book House.
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193:; September 20, 1898 – January 6, 1945) was a
1412:People executed by Japanese occupation forces
1227:Gita Carlos, Ruth Abbey (14 September 2024).
822:Commonwealth Act No. 542 (26 May 1940),
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1257:Josefa Llanes Escoda: portrait of a heroine
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1138:Cabeco, Gaea Katreena (20 September 2018).
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1372:Enforced disappearances in the Philippines
1009:Republic Act No. 9463 (15 May 2007),
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338:Learn how and when to remove this message
556:signed Proclamation No. 443. Afterward,
441:Escoda talking to young girls about the
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1407:Missing person cases in the Philippines
1172:"Josefa Llanes Escoda's 120th birthday"
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230:Japanese occupation of the Philippines
1073:Unite, Betheena (25 September 2020).
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845:from the original on 25 November 2005
616:, in episodes "Josefa Llanes Escoda".
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1417:University of the Philippines alumni
1199:Galvez, Daphne (20 September 2018).
1152:from the original on 1 November 2018
585:, September 20, 2024 was declared a
276:adding citations to reliable sources
247:
205:. She is most known for campaigning
111:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1392:Philippine Normal University alumni
1255:Hernandez, Yolanda Canseco (1998).
1119:from the original on 31 August 2024
984:De la Torre, Visitacion R. (2006).
13:
946:from the original on 26 March 2019
421:during the 1980s) and Antonio Jr.
419:Cultural Center of the Philippines
14:
1433:
1300:
72:Josefa Llanes Escoda Monument in
1402:Civilians killed in World War II
1312:Girl Scouting in the Philippines
1087:from the original on 8 June 2023
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226:Philippines' 1,000-Peso banknote
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839:"Girl Scout of the Philippines"
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263:needs additional citations for
16:Filipino heroine and suffragist
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627:List of people who disappeared
569:Girl Scouts of the Philippines
443:Girl Scouts of the Philippines
433:Girl Scouts of the Philippines
224:, she was memorialized on the
211:Girl Scouts of the Philippines
165:Girl Scouts of the Philippines
1:
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583:Presidential Proclamation 680
451:Boy Scouts of the Philippines
380:University of the Philippines
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197:civic leader, social worker,
187:Josefa Madamba Llanes Escoda
7:
1387:Burials at La Loma Cemetery
1357:Scouting in the Philippines
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1337:1940s missing person cases
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1206:Philippine Daily Inquirer
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426:University of Santo Tomas
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143:Unmarked grave in either
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1362:People from Ilocos Norte
1352:Filipino women educators
902:I Saw the Nation Travail
574:On 20 September 2018, a
372:Philippine Normal School
209:and as a founder of the
1397:Filipino schoolteachers
1377:Executed Filipino women
1278:. Manila: Fortune Pub.
1274:Gwekoh, Soh H. (1952).
587:special non-working day
524:the Japanese occupation
520:Manila Chinese Cemetery
480:invaded the Philippines
191:Josefa Llanes y Madamba
149:Manila Chinese Cemetery
133:Philippine Commonwealth
89:Josefa Llanes y Madamba
1234:Philippine News Agency
726:socialwork.rutgers.edu
593:as tribute to Escoda.
511:Far Eastern University
499:
446:
287:"Josefa Llanes Escoda"
238:Far Eastern University
1115:. 17 September 2012.
606:in 1997 TV series of
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1367:Filipino suffragists
900:Llane, Jose (1967).
362:Josefa graduated as
272:improve this article
207:for women's suffrage
60:Josefa Llanes Escoda
1180:. 20 September 2018
1145:The Philippine Star
986:The Ilocos heritage
927:Y.C. Hernandez 1998
915:Y.C. Hernandez 1998
876:Y.C. Hernandez 1998
864:Y.C. Hernandez 1998
709:Y.C. Hernandez 1998
682:Y.C. Hernandez 1998
658:Y.C. Hernandez 1998
646:Y.C. Hernandez 1998
403:International House
350:Escoda was born in
180:Antonio Escoda, Sr.
942:. 6 January 2008.
904:. Manila: The Aid.
597:In popular culture
478:, Japanese forces
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390:American Red Cross
99:September 20, 1898
1266:978-971-91823-0-6
995:978-971-91030-9-7
784:, pp. 30–31.
558:Corazon C. Aquino
463:Helena Z. Benitez
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261:This section
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201:heroine, and
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155:, Philippines
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27:married women
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1240:14 September
1238:. Retrieved
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1212:20 September
1210:. Retrieved
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1184:20 September
1182:. Retrieved
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1156:20 September
1154:. Retrieved
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1121:. Retrieved
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107:Ilocos Norte
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1332:1898 births
562:Fidel Ramos
507:Vicente Lim
408:Filipiniana
328:August 2024
240:in Manila.
232:during the
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203:suffragette
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31:middle name
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394:pensionado
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