1237:. The plan included concepts like a strong central government, with each province having its own subsequent representatives to the crown as the head of the state, but the plan was amended to include further provincial legislatures themselves, as would be the operation in modern Canada of provincial and municipal levels of government with their own levels of jurisdiction that cannot be infringed upon by the other municipalities, provinces, or federal government if applicable. More often than not, the provinces work together to "cut out the middle man" and keep everything within their jurisdiction.
167:
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all,” and that "since the root of the executive (council)’s problems in the colony was (Sewell felt) a lack of sway over the people, (Sewell commented to Milnes the opinion) that the method to the control of the church was the best means to obtain it (the sway of the people)." Finally, Sewell threw in his legal opinion for how they could accomplish this without upset or alarm on behalf of the people recognizing this infiltration as he stated that the "right of nominating the
32:
675:" and that because "no incorporation of two such Extremes (as British and French mannerisms) can ever be effected." Sewell concluded that "the province (of Lower Canada) must be converted to an English Colony, or, it will ultimately be lost to England." Finally, Sewell spoke on why he thought these political ills arose in the colony in the first place: 1) "From the French
1048:, especially if government political interests were involved. He called those cases "a pleasure" to do. However, if Sewell's work was biased towards the Crown, it was still done expertly and with elegance, being notably "remarkable for their clarity of expression, their search for general principle, and the depth of scholarship that underpins them."
1033:." Furthermore, until the very end of Sewell's life, he would "persist in efforts to lessen recourse to the death penalty through reduction in the number of crimes punishable by death and through transportation of felons", but more often than not these attempts would be "thwarted by the indifference of the (House of)
910:
decided to petition the king for legal recognition of his office in the form of letters patent under conditions to be determined by the crown - Sewell saw that as "a tactical victory." However, Sewell was ultimately not successful in that goal as the Bishop died in 1806, and Sewell was not able to
885:
that "given the independence of the church and the ignorance and superstition of the population, the influence exerted over the inhabitants by the clergy and the bishop was (both) immense and highly dangerous (in opposing the government's will)". Sewell also commented that “to direct is to direct
569:(outright punishing the guilty for what was committed) as much as possible when it came to delegating punishment for criminal cases specifically; Sewell saw the certainty of punishment over the seriousness of punishment as enough to alter the intentions of non-violent or non-hardened criminals. In
927:
and Sir Milnes) "worked out the details of a scheme for government-financed and -directed elementary schools in the countryside staffed by loyal
Canadian teachers who would instruct habitant children in the English language and the blessings of British rule." Sewell would be the one to draft the
865:
of the (Roman
Catholic) church by British law should be exploited to oblige it to accept royal supremacy." That is evidence of both crossing opinions and hypocrisy on the part of Sewell, as "by 1801 Sewell had come to fear 'with too much certainty' that it (royal supremacy for the Roman Catholic
967:
In 1814, the
Legislative Assembly voted to impeach Sewell and Monk on the grounds that some of their rules of practice were actually legislation, the responsibility of the legislature. Sewell successfully defended himself against the charges in London. On the bench, he endorsed the use of
1233:
1175:
Sewell preferred the high-society life in Quebec more than that of
Montreal and found the high-society life of the latter "scandalous and frivolous" and "particularly deplored the coldness shown to their wives by Montreal’s businessmen, with their
1017:
was involved, or imprisonment with hardened criminals were relevant. His criminal sentences were designed to prevent crime rather than punish the guilty, and he felt that it was the certainty, not the severity, of punishment that deterred crime."
1167:
Sewell and his wife had 16 children, 12 surviving past infancy, and he, by all accounts, was a fair father and good husband: "Sewell was a highly attentive father; on one occasion, for example, he protested angrily when a son in school received
814:
Some time within 1796-1797, Sewell established an intelligence network within Lower Canada (alongside others like
Montreal magistrate and merchant John Richardson) that "would function for more than a decade with relative effectiveness".
671:," and he was under the impression that "those links did not exist in the colony." Sewell claimed that the British and the Canadians (used to refer generally to people of British and/or French descent at this time) nurtured a "national
1191:
into Quebec, then popular in
Britain and the U.S." when he moved his family into a mansion of that style located inside the Porte Saint-Louis (aka the Saint-Louis Gate, an entrance in the fortified walls of Old Quebec) in 1805.
922:
When that scheme for control over the population failed, Sewell provided a back up plan that "executive influence over the
Canadian population could also be obtained through control of education." Therefore, Sewell (along with
1275:
Sewell was on time and present at work a large amount of the time that he was expected to be as a government official as "from 1809 to 1823 he was present on 90 per cent of all court days during which he was in the colony."
643:
It is noted that Sewell's "extreme faith" in his attendance and due to his varying roles within his life caused him to be "easily the most powerful official (in Lower Canada and
Montreal) under the Governor in the colony."
955:
and Lower Canada. However, in 1822, he opposed a legislative union because of the strong opposition in the province. In 1809, he published rules of practice for the Quebec Court of King's Bench and the Court of
Appeals;
798:
for
William-Henry (later Sorel) in 1796. In the house, he was often called on to draft bills, but with regard to government business, he normally played a role secondary to that of leaders of the English party such as
623:
in the colony, and through control of the educational system the colonial government was responsible with delegating. The latter could be argued as successful as the institution created under the "mind control to
1438:
845:), which was not something that he normally liked to do, as he "considered that the Church of England in the colony lacked in law certain rights essential to its functioning (such as the legal existence of
976:
modelled after English norms. Sewell resigned from the Executive Council in 1830 after the assembly requested that judges to be excluded from serving on the council. He resigned from his position of
1147:
In October 1818, Sewell was appointed to the board of the Royal Institution (of the Advancement of Learning, later McGill University) and headed a meeting of the managers of the Quebec Dispensary.
60:
632:, but the parameters of Canadian and Quebec education changed with the ever-mutable nature of the colonial (the colony would become "united" multiple times with the rest of the
1051:
Sewell was magnificent with civil suits by "probably doing more than anyone to professionalize the administration of civil justice prior to codification of civil law in 1866."
659:) to "analyze the political ills of the colony." Sewell believed and mentioned in this report that "the great links of connection between a Government and its subjects are
1530:
1550:
1535:
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in the great Mass of the Inhabitants" (a fancy way of saying "to prefer the political traditions that many of the French colonists have within them for political
1064:
1095:
790:. In 1796, he was appointed judge in the Vice-Admiralty Court at Quebec. On September 24 that same year, he married Henrietta, daughter of chief justice
1098:
as incumbent. Sewell then purchased a lot on Rue Saint-Stanislas and constructed a building there based on a model of Ranelagh Chapel in London, called
1545:
837:
In the early 1800s, Sewell crossed "his opinions based in law and his opinions based in (government) policy preference" with legal cases involving the
1059:
Sewell also led an amateur orchestra and performed violin in a quartet at Quebec City and opened the Theatre Royal there in 1832. He helped found the
826:
for treason, who was executed. He prepared legislation which led to the establishment of the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning (later
929:
704:
1540:
786:. In 1793, Sewell was named solicitor general and inspector of the king's domain and, in 1795, he became attorney general and advocate general in
64:
853:
and took on cases for them. However, when it came to a religion that Sewell was not directly involved with legally or personally (such as the
1172:, a means of discipline he abhorred" and "the marriage (of Sewell and his wife Henrietta) was born out of love and would be lived in love."
782:
from New Brunswick and qualified as a lawyer there. In 1790, he served as interim attorney general for the province, which after went to
680:
1520:
1212:
1132:, to repeal the prohibition on theatre for Catholics - Sewell's efforts were not successful and could possibly have been an attempt at
928:
legislative bill for this plan which "amended by the assembly to impotence with respect to the education of Canadians, established the
597:
1060:
1525:
40:
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1286:
On Sewell's death, there were some 1,476 books in his personal library; 1,120 were on law, politics, or public administration.
1079:
469:
114:
1256:, even though not covered by law," and that serious crime was "on the rise" in Canada due to those acts, and to places like
1029:
carrying the death sentence, and in some cases, including convictions for murder, he intervened to save a prisoner from the
86:
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the French Canadian population because of his previous attempts to control the Catholic Church in Canada by attacking its
1228:
948:
324:
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691:) and 2) "From want of Influence and power in the Executive Government." This is also why Sewell sought out to control
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1118:
1082:. Sewell had offered to build a new chapel in 1824 as the cathedral was "too small" on the condition that he and his
1075:
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He died on November 11, 1839, in Quebec City. His residence, at 87 Saint-Louis Street, Quebec City, was designated a
944:
878:
807:. He supported the party, except on two controversial issues — the financing of prisons in 1805 and the expulsion of
381:
133:
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899:
791:
100:
1323:
An Essay on the juridical history of France so far as it relates to the law of the province of Lower Canada...'
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882:
580:
Before being highly successful in politics, Sewell proved to be an extremely adept law student, performed as a
1462:
615:(at the time Montreal and the colony of Lower Canada) in the early 1800s through both a failed attack on the
212:
588:, who once was selectively placed in "the lead position of an amateur orchestra" by the first member of the
82:
830:) in 1801, in an attempt to gain "control over the population" after a failed attempt to do it through the
1485:
1493:
811:, a Jew — in which his legal opinions obliged him to break rank. He remained in the assembly until 1808.
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to control their "ignorant" and "superstitious" followers. Sewell expressed to Colonial Administrator,
56:
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and Esther Quincy. After a group of patriots attacked the family's residence, the Sewalls moved to
732:
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45:
1302:
Orders and rules of practice in the Court of King's Bench for the district of Quebec Lower Canada
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1157:" to the Agriculture Society, as it is noted that Sewell was "long a subscriber" to the society.
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940:
823:
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Lower Canada to "secure the colony for England" and later (to Prince Edward Augustus during the
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903:
874:
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766:" which caused somewhat of a sensation in 1800 when they were sung on stage in London by actor
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stop the Colonial Administrator Thomas Dunn from appointing a man not under Sewell's control (
1204:
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Sewell helped introduce the Better Preservation Act of 1797, which allowed the suspension of
800:
633:
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107:
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was a member of the Legislative Assembly and served as solicitor general for Lower Canada.
756:
655:" around the early 1800s. Sewell was retained by the Governor of Lower Canada at the time (
589:
1414:"Biography – SEWELL, JONATHAN – Volume VII (1836-1850) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography"
861:(that Sewell) believed was sanctioned in law, and (Sewell) argued that a supposed lack of
743:, England; they adopted the spelling Sewell for the family name at this time. He attended
8:
1413:
1177:
1169:
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16 (4 died during infancy) (10 alive at his death, plus 2 orphaned grandchildren in will)
1074:
Some time in the 1820s "for many years", Sewell presided over the Quebec branch of the
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915:) as Bishop until after the deceased Bishop's petition for legal recognition from the
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in this case), Sewell "asserted that (government) policy dictated the exercise of a
1224:
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in law, Sewell was much more attracted to the "British Enlightenment arguments of
759:
for New Brunswick in 1787. In 1788, he was called to the bar and set up practice.
577:(in Lower Canada and Montreal) prior to the codification of civil laws in 1866."
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20:
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that would influence the French population of Lower Canada at the time like the
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and served as its president from 1830 to 1831. Sewell was also a member of the
1026:
924:
850:
573:, Sewell "likely did more than anyone to professionalize the administration of
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1328:
Plan for a general legislative union of the British provinces in North America
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on the building and it opened in November of 1825. The new chapel held 800.
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Additionally, Sewell attempted to infiltrate the Roman Catholic Church with
166:
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An abstract from precedents of proceedings in the British House of Commons
1308:
A plan for the federal union of British provinces in North America (1814)
1257:
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1220:
1181:
1141:
1083:
1071:(who built the Union Hotel as "a focal point of social life at Quebec)."
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called the chapel "neat" but called Willoughby "unfit and unqualified."
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1231:. The plan would later apparently be published in 1814 under the name
1009:." Sewell, more often than not, would strive to lower the severity of
1241:
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Sewell had attempted to influence the French-Canadian population in
219:
Solicitor General of Lower Canada and Inspector of the King's Domain
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688:
668:
660:
640:) and federal education guidelines and government recommendations.
608:
585:
565:(shaping how people should act through distilling punishment) over
1234:
A plan for the federal union of British provinces in North America
1021:
Sewell more than once had "stretched the evidence so as to invite
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours
546:
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but has never yet exercised." Later, in 1805, (Head Bishop)
1151:
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and was named speaker in 1809. Sewell supported a union of
374:
None; position abolished on suspension of the constitution
664:
762:
From 1799-1800 Sewell had conducted updated verses for "
1128:
and tried to get the Catholic Bishop in Lower Canada,
1005:" over the "theological school of selective terror of
822:
in cases of suspected treason. In 1797, he prosecuted
1351:
Member of the Massachusetts Historical Society (1839)
1348:
Election to the American Philosophical Society (1830)
1150:
In 1819, Sewell donated "a fine imported cow and her
1113:
In December 1808, Sewell "assumed the patronage of a
1013:
if the person involved was penitent (sorrowful), the
770:, after an assassination attempt on King George III.
1223:) to protect British and Canadian interests against
235:
Attorney General and Counsel General of Lower Canada
1531:
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
1551:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
1536:Members of the Legislative Council of Lower Canada
1187:Sewell was responsible with "helping to introduce
930:Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning
705:Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning
596:during any term longer than a visit (1791-1800),
1502:
1203:and the other (established eastern) colonies of
1195:Sewell was in favour of political unity between
932:" in 1801 - this Royal Institution later became
636:colonies and change systems of government until
541:; June 6, 1766 – November 11, 1839) was a
1279:In Paris, France, he purchased 600 volumes of
1215:. That was first argued (to Craig) at further
866:church) had, in fact, been established by the
1094:accepter the offer and Sewell named his son
651:was in danger of being "lost to England and
883:Lieutenant Governor Sir Robert Shore Milnes
598:Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
165:
63:about living persons that is unsourced or
1546:People educated at Bristol Grammar School
1061:Literary and Historical Society of Quebec
947:. Later in 1808, he was appointed to the
849:), but Sewell still believed it to be an
134:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Lower Canada lawyer, politician and judge
1213:Prince Edward Augustus, the Duke of Kent
1541:Lawyers in Lower Canada and Canada East
851:established church (aka state religion)
1503:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
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1283:for the Advocates' Library at Quebec.
1078:, and was a leading member within the
983:Sewell was elected as a member of the
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1244:of the time, that "any fundamentally
1117:formed by (one of his former pupils)
1468:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1207:, as he argued that concept to both
796:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
277:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
25:
1044:, however, Sewell tended to favour
877:employees and leaders loyal to the
751:in 1785, where he studied law with
647:Sewell believed that the colony of
325:Legislative Council of Lower Canada
13:
1365:
342:Speaker of the Legislative Council
14:
1572:
1521:Attorneys-general of Lower Canada
1313:For Mrs Sewell My own dear Jewell
1121:plus other young men of Quebec."
1076:British and Foreign Bible Society
1067:and an active shareholder in the
1037:and the Colonial Administrator."
945:Executive Council of Lower Canada
382:Executive Council of Lower Canada
1054:
992:National Historic Site of Canada
768:Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan
755:. He was named registrar of the
480:Henrietta Smith (called Harriet)
30:
1478:
1240:Sewell believed, following the
1119:Philippe-Joseph Aubert de Gaspe
972:based on French traditions and
561:. Sewell utilized the idea of
1526:Chief justices of Lower Canada
1456:
1431:
1102:. Sewell spent more than 3500
985:American Philosophical Society
941:Chief Justice for Lower Canada
1:
1561:19th-century Canadian lawyers
1358:
1080:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
718:
470:Cathedral of the Holy Trinity
178:Chief Justice of Lower Canada
41:biography of a living person
7:
1494:National Assembly of Quebec
1330:(1824, with J. B. Robinson)
960:published similar rules at
943:and became a member of the
711:) to increase the colonial
699:and (when that failed) the
68:must be removed immediately
10:
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628:" guidelines later became
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1471:. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
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980:in 1838 for ill health.
794:. He was elected to the
725:Cambridge, Massachusetts
460:Province of Lower Canada
436:Cambridge, Massachusetts
1069:Union Company of Quebec
405:June 1838–November 1838
1189:Palladian architecture
1003:Sir William Blackstone
939:In 1808, he was named
805:Pierre-Amable de Bonne
634:British North American
602:Prince Edward Augustus
600:(at the time known as
55:Please help by adding
1225:American expansionism
1209:Sir James Henry Craig
1205:British North America
1130:Joseph-Octave Plessis
855:Roman Catholic Church
832:Roman Catholic Church
778:In 1789, he moved to
697:Roman Catholic Church
621:Roman Catholic Church
594:British North America
1443:search.amphilsoc.org
1439:"APS Member History"
1124:Sewell promoted the
757:Vice Admiralty Court
735:attorney general of
590:British royal family
61:Contentious material
19:For his father, see
1180:, companies, &
1170:corporal punishment
1100:Holy Trinity Chapel
949:Legislative Council
586:orchestral composer
1227:in what is modern
1108:Governor Dalhousie
919:was decided upon.
904:conquest of Canada
900:British government
868:Quebec Act of 1774
1345:), Harvard (1823)
1096:Edmund Willoughby
934:McGill University
902:) assumed by the
879:Executive Council
863:legal recognition
839:Church of England
764:God Save the King
747:and then went to
709:McGill University
630:McGill University
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514:Brasenose College
449:November 11, 1839
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83:"Jonathan Sewell"
44:needs additional
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1418:www.biographi.ca
1410:
1115:literary society
1040:When it came to
1025:for non-violent
1011:legal punishment
997:When it came to
964:, Lower Canada.
701:education system
555:political figure
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1318:An Orderly Room
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1086:could name the
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1027:property crimes
917:King of England
859:royal supremacy
843:Anglican Church
776:
729:Jonathan Sewall
723:He was born in
721:
715:of the colony.
563:substantive law
539:Jonathan Sewall
535:Jonathan Sewell
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1092:Jacob Mountain
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828:McGill College
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567:procedural law
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85: –
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79:Find sources:
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1479:Bibliography
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1463:Sewell House
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
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1423:September 4,
1421:. Retrieved
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1217:anglicizeing
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1160:His brother
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1065:Barons' Club
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974:criminal law
966:
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824:David McLane
817:
813:
809:Ezekiel Hart
788:Lower Canada
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722:
703:through the
693:institutions
649:Lower Canada
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559:Lower Canada
549:, defensive
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451:(1839-11-11)
433:June 6, 1766
400:
389:
373:
369:Succeeded by
348:
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312:Succeeded by
289:
269:Edward Bowen
264:Succeeded by
241:
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213:James Stuart
207:Succeeded by
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50:verification
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1516:1839 deaths
1511:1766 births
1486:"Biography"
1254:misdemeanor
1221:War of 1812
1142:legislature
1134:anglicizing
1042:civil suits
898:which (the
875:centralized
780:Quebec City
731:, the last
592:to live in
571:civil suits
456:Quebec City
359:Preceded by
305:John Barnes
300:Preceded by
252:Preceded by
195:Preceded by
1505:Categories
1359:References
1281:French Law
1252:act was a
1178:male clubs
1138:legitimacy
958:James Monk
801:John Young
784:James Monk
719:Early life
685:revolution
617:legitimacy
521:Profession
429:1766-06-06
257:James Monk
94:newspapers
1246:dishonest
1242:orthodoxy
1090:. Bishop
1088:incumbent
1046:the Crown
1023:acquittal
994:in 1969.
987:in 1830.
970:civil law
892:Coadjutor
673:antipathy
661:religious
657:Sir Craig
653:the Crown
626:Anglicize
584:, and an
582:violinist
551:spymaster
510:Education
401:In office
394:1808–1830
390:In office
353:1809–1838
349:In office
337:1808–1838
333:In office
294:1796–1808
290:In office
246:1795–1808
242:In office
230:1793–1795
226:In office
189:1808–1838
185:In office
159:(Harvard)
46:citations
1448:April 8,
1270:brothels
1035:assembly
962:Montreal
894:and the
847:parishes
689:loyalism
669:Language
609:Montreal
516:, Oxford
502:(father)
485:Children
72:libelous
1341:LL.D. (
1336:Honours
1262:taverns
1250:immoral
1211:and to
1162:Stephen
1126:theatre
1031:gallows
913:Plessis
741:Bristol
733:British
707:(later
681:rioting
619:of the
155:LL.D.,
108:scholar
1325:(1824)
1304:(1809)
1298:(1792)
1268:, and
1229:Canada
908:Denaut
890:, the
888:Bishop
774:Career
613:Quebec
543:lawyer
537:(born
493:Parent
477:Spouse
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1290:Works
1084:heirs
953:Upper
841:(the
687:over
547:judge
115:JSTOR
101:books
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1450:2021
1425:2023
1199:and
1155:calf
1152:bull
803:and
683:and
667:and
665:Laws
638:1867
611:and
553:and
446:Died
419:Born
279:for
211:Sir
157:h.c.
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23:.
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