3858:"The high frequency of the Y-chromosomal Jomon haplotype (~30%) clearly shows that Jomon ancestry in the present-day Japanese population is much stronger on the Y chromosomes than on autosomes (Sato et al., 2014b). In contrast, the Jomon ancestry proportion of mitochondrial genomes is less certain because the frequency of M7a and N9b haplogroups in Jomon people are somewhat variable across the Japanese archipelago (Adachi et al., 2009). If we assumed that the proportion of M7a and N9b haplogroups in Jomon was around 70%, the mitochondrial Jomon ancestry would be around 15% in present-day Japanese individuals. The observed imbalance of Jomon ancestry among autosomal, Y-chromosomal, and mitochondrial genomes, which we refer to as the ‘admixture paradox’, seems confusing but worthwhile to study further to elucidate the process of admixture of Jomon and Yayoi genetic components."
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archaeological, biological and cultural evidence, our phylogeographic reconstruction of the Ainu language strongly suggests that the conventional dual-structure model must be refined to explain these new bodies of evidence. The case of the Ainu language origin we report here also contributes additional detail to the global pattern of language evolution, and our language phylogeny might also provide a basis for making further inferences about the cultural dynamics of the Ainu speakers .
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1899:, related to facial structure and features among some Ainu individuals, which largely descended from local Hokkaido Jōmon groups. These alleles are typically associated with Europeans but absent from other East Asians (including Japanese people), which suggests geneflow from a currently unidentified source population into the Jōmon period population of
1018:(1,250–500). The fact that this entire period is given the same name by archaeologists should not be taken to mean that there was not considerable regional and temporal diversity; the time between the earliest Jōmon pottery and that of the more well-known Middle Jōmon period is about twice as long as the span separating the building of the
4261:"The dual nature of Japanese population structure was advanced by Miller, who proposed that the resident Jōmon population spoke an Altaic language ancestral to modern Japanese, and this Altaic tongue underwent Austronesian influence when the islanders absorbed the bearers of the incursive Yayoi culture.
1104:
is characterized by the cord-marking that gives the period its name and has now been found in large numbers of sites. The pottery of the period has been classified by archaeologists into some 70 styles, with many more local varieties of the styles. The antiquity of Jōmon pottery was first identified
3966:
In this paper, we reconstructed spatiotemporal evolution of 19 Ainu language varieties, and the results are in strong agreement with the hypothesis that a recent population expansion of the
Okhotsk people played a critical role in shaping the Ainu people and their culture. Together with the recent
1532:
appeared very early at Jōmon sites in 6700–6400 BP (4700–4400 BC). This was already similar to modern cultivated forms. This domesticated type of peach was apparently brought into Japan from China. Nevertheless, in China, itself, this variety is currently attested only at a later date of
3889:
Adachi et al. (2013) described the craniometrics and aDNA sequence from a Jomon individual from Nagano (Yugora cave site) dated to the middle of the initial Jomon Period (7920–7795 cal BP). This individual carried ancestry, which is widely distributed among modern East Asians (Nohira et al. 2010;
1703:
At the end of the Jōmon period the local population declined sharply. Scientists suggest that this was possibly caused by food shortages and other environmental problems. They concluded that not all Jōmon groups suffered under these circumstances but the overall population declined. Examining the
3886:
These results suggest a level of inter-regional heterogeneity not expected among Jomon groups. This observation is further substantiated by the studies of
Kanzawa-Kiriyama et al. (2013) and Adachi et al. (2013). Kanzawa-Kiriyama et al. (2013) analysed craniometrics and extracted aDNA from museum
3417:
Nakao, Hisashi, Tamura, Kohei, Arimatsu, Yui, Nakagawa, Tomomi, Matsumoto, Naoko, & Matsugi, Takehiko. (2016). Violence in the prehistoric period of Japan: the spatio-temporal pattern of skeletal evidence for violence in the Jomon period. Biology letters (2005), 12(3), 20160028. Historical
1992:
migrants, associated with the spread of
Japonic languages. These Austronesian-speakers were subsequently assimilated into the Japanese ethnicity. Evidence for non-Ainuic, non-Austronesian, and non-Korean loanwords are found among Insular Japonic languages, and probably derived from unknown and
1987:
within the
Japanese archipelago during the Jōmon period, based on previous linguistic research and specific Austronesian vocabulary loaned into the core vocabulary of (Insular) Japanese. He suggests that Austronesian-speakers arrived in Japan during the Jōmon period and prior to the arrival of
1113:
and the size of the vessels may have been limited by a need for portability. As later bowls increase in size, this is taken to be a sign of an increasingly settled pattern of living. These types continued to develop, with increasingly elaborate patterns of decoration, undulating rims, and flat
4258:
The
Japonic-speaking Early Jōmon people must have been drawn in to avail themselves of the pickings of Yayoi agricultural yields, and the Yayoi may have prospered and succeeded in multiplying their paternal lineages precisely because they managed to accommodate the Jōmon linguistically and in
3887:
samples that came from the
Sanganji shell mound site in Fukushima Prefecture dated to the Final Jomon Period. They tested for regional differences and found the Tokoku Jomon (northern Honshu) were more similar to Hokkaido Jomon than to geographically adjacent Kanto Jomon (central Honshu).
1952:, contributed ancestry to the Jōmon period population of Japan, and less to ancient Southeast Asians. The authors concluded that this points to an inland migration through southern or central China towards Japan during the Paleolithic. Another ancestry component seem to have arrived from
1336:
is near enough to be intermittently influenced by continental developments, but far enough removed for the peoples of the
Japanese islands to develop independently. The main connection between the Japanese archipelago and Mainland Asia was through the Korean Peninsula to Kyushu and
4053:
Yang, Melinda A.; Fan, Xuechun; Sun, Bo; Chen, Chungyu; Lang, Jianfeng; Ko, Ying-Chin; Tsang, Cheng-hwa; Chiu, Hunglin; Wang, Tianyi; Bao, Qingchuan; Wu, Xiaohong (2020-07-17). "Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China".
3332:
Kusaka, Soichiro, Hyodo, Fujio, Yumoto, Takakazu, & Nakatsukasa, Masato. (2010). Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis on the diet of Jomon populations from two coastal regions of Japan. Journal of archaeological science, 37(8), 1968–1977. LONDON: Elsevier
1932:, Japan) and an ancient sample from the Tibetan Plateau (Chokhopani, China) found only partially shared ancestry, pointing towards a "positive genetic bottleneck" regarding the spread of haplogroup D from ancient "East Asian Highlanders" (related to modern day
1752:
Some elements of modern
Japanese culture may date from the period and reflect the influences of a mingled migration from the northern Asian continent and the southern Pacific areas and the local Jōmon peoples. Among those elements are the precursors to
3342:
Noshiro, Shuichi, & Sasaki, Yuka. (2014). Pre-agricultural management of plant resources during the Jomon period in Japan—a sophisticated subsistence system on plant resources. Journal of archaeological science, 42(1), 93–106. LONDON: Elsevier
1557:
figurines and vessels, such as the so-called "flame style" vessels, and lacquered wood objects remain from that time. Although the ornamentation of pottery increased over time, the ceramic fabric always remained quite coarse. During this time
1923:
is associated with the D1a2a (previously D1b) and D1a1 (previously D1a) lineages. Geneflow from ancient
Siberia into the northern Jōmon people of Hokkaido was also detected, with later geneflow from Hokkaido into parts of northern Honshu
2012:
In the 1970s, a movement started to reproduce the ancient techniques of Jōmon-style ceramics. Contemporary Jōmon pottery is based on Jōmon-style ceramics and earthenware that has been replicated with ancient techniques, such as a
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component" which spread southwards. They further concluded that the "dual structure theory" regarding the population history of Japan must be revised and that the Jōmon people had more diversity than originally suggested.
1720:
extend back to periods now regarded as part of the Jōmon period, but they show little or no relation to the current archaeological understanding of Jōmon culture. The traditional founding date of the
Japanese nation by
1960:. A common culture, known as the "broadleafed evergreen forest culture", ranged from southwestern Japan through southern China towards Northeast India and southern Tibet, and was characterized by the cultivation of
1817:
studies indicate the Jōmon people were closely related to modern-day East Asians. The contemporary Japanese people descended from a mixture of the various ancient hunter-gatherer tribes of the Jōmon period and the
1431:-like tubers, and freshwater fish. Supported by the highly productive deciduous forests and an abundance of seafood, the population was concentrated in Honshu and Kyushu, but Jōmon sites range from Hokkaido to the
1137:
over the whole archipelago. It seems that food sources were so abundant in the natural environment of the Japanese islands that they could support fairly large, semi-sedentary populations. The Jōmon people used
1906:
Full genome analyses in 2020 and 2021 revealed further information regarding the origin of the Jōmon peoples. The genetic results suggest early admixture between different groups in Japan already during the
1979:
period rice-agriculturalists. Japonic-speakers then expanded during the Yayoi period, assimilating the newcomers, adopting rice-agriculture, and fusing mainland Asian technologies with local traditions.
4583:
Temple, DH (2008). "What can stature variation reveal about environmental differences between prehistoric Jomon foragers? Understanding the impact of developmental stress on environmental stability".
1837:
contribution of 10% to the Japanese population. This imbalanced inheritance has been referred to as the "admixture paradox", and is thought to hold clues as to how the admixture between the Jōmon and
963:. The pottery style characteristic of the first phases of Jōmon culture was decorated by impressing cords into the surface of wet clay and is generally accepted to be among the oldest in the world.
1109:
methods. The earliest vessels were mostly smallish round-bottomed bowls 10–50 cm high that are assumed to have been used for boiling food and, perhaps, storing it beforehand. They belonged to
1903:. Although these specific alleles can explain the unusual physical appearance of certain Ainu individuals, compared to other Northeast Asians, the exact origin of these alleles remains unknown.
1646:, becomes essential, not only as a nut bearing tree, but also because it was extremely durable in wet conditions and became the most used timber for building houses during the Late Jōmon phase.
2045:
4172:
Watanabe, Yusuke; Ohashi, Jun (2021-03-08). "Comprehensive analysis of Japanese archipelago population history by detecting ancestry-marker polymorphisms without using ancient DNA data".
1704:
remains of the people who lived throughout the Jōmon period, there is evidence that these deaths were not inflicted by warfare or violence on a large enough scale to cause these deaths.
1911:, followed by constant geneflow from coastal East Asian groups, resulting in a heterogeneous population which then homogenized until the arrival of the Yayoi people. Geneflow from
2061:
1874:
In this respect, the biological identity of the Jōmon is heterogeneous, and it may be indicative of diverse peoples who possibly belonged to a common culture, known as the Jōmon
1872:" by Schmidt and Seguchi (2014), the prehistoric Jōmon people descended from diverse paleolithic populations with multiple migrations into Jōmon-period Japan. They concluded: "
1562:
stone beads make a transition from being a common jewelry item found in homes into serving as a grave good. This is a period where there are large burial mounds and monuments.
2005:
In the early 21st century, Jōmon cord marking style was revived and used on clothing, accessories, and tattoos. Archaeologist Jun Takayama has theorized that the patterns on
2479:
Koyama, Shuzo, and David Hurst Thomas (eds.). (1979). Affluent Foragers: Pacific Coasts East and West. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 9. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.
1928:). The lineages K and F are suggested to have been presented during the early Jōmon period but got replaced by C and D. The analysis of a Jōmon sample (Ikawazu shell-mound,
1320:
onwards. The earliest "Incipient Jōmon" phase began while Japan was still linked to continental Asia as a narrow peninsula. As the glaciers melted following the end of the
1601:, the most commonly used method of housing at the time, with some even having paved stone floors. A study in 2015 found that this form of dwelling continued up until the
1040:
started between 500 and 300 BC according to radio-carbon evidence, while Yayoi styled pottery was found in a Jōmon site of northern Kyushu already in 800 BC.
1605:. Using archaeological data on pollen count, this phase is the warmest of all the phases. By the end of this phase the warm climate starts to enter a cooling trend.
1451:
The Early Jōmon period saw an explosion in population, as indicated by the number of larger aggregated villages from this period. This period occurred during the
1419:(mounds of discarded shells and other refuse) that are now prized sources of information for archaeologists. Other food sources meriting special mention include
2754:"The Temporal Correspondences between the Archaeological: Chronology and Environmental Changes from to 11,500 to 2,800 cal BP on the Kanto Plain, Eastern Japan"
1956:
into Hokkaido. Archeological and biological evidence link the southern Jōmon culture of Kyushu, Shikoku and parts of Honshu to cultures of southern China and
1415:, was another major food source. Settlements along both the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean subsisted on immense amounts of shellfish, leaving distinctive
2101:
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was practiced by Jōmon people is debated. Currently, there is no scientific consensus to support a conceptualization of Jōmon period culture as only
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consisted of two distinctive populations which later merged to form the proto-Ainu in northern Hokkaido. The Ainu language can be connected to an "
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4654:
2543:
3053:
Hasegawa, Y.; Tomida, Y.; Kohno, N.; et al. (1988). "Quaternary vertebrates from Shiriya area, Shimokita Pininsula, northeastern Japan".
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Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki; Kryukov, Kirill; Jinam, Timothy A.; Hosomichi, Kazuyoshi; Saso, Aiko; Suwa, Gen; et al. (February 2017).
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4195:"Comparison of the Pattern of Crop Domestication between Two Asian Beans, Azuki Bean (Vigna angularis) and Rice Bean (V. umbellata)"
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is not clear. Morphological studies of dental variation and genetic studies suggest that the Jōmon people were rather diverse, and
1781:
3549:
Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, Tatiana M.; Park, Hwayong; Omoto, Keiichi; Harihara, Shinji; Stoneking, Mark; Horai, Satoshi (2006).
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Jinam, Timothy A.; Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki; Inoue, Ituro; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Omoto, Keiichi; Saitou, Naruya (October 2015).
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Habu, Junko, "Subsistence-Settlement systems in intersite variability in the Moroiso Phase of the Early Jōmon Period of Japan"
4322:
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Umetsu et al. 2005) and resembled modern Northeast Asian comparison samples rather than geographical close Urawa Jomon sample.
1665:. The settlements of these new arrivals seem to have coexisted with those of the Jōmon and Yayoi for around a thousand years.
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Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan, the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.
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Ohashi, Jun; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Hitomi, Yuki; Sawai, Hiromi; Khor, Seik-Soon; Naka, Izumi; Watanabe, Yusuke (2019-06-17).
1625:, and populations seem to have contracted dramatically. Comparatively few archaeological sites can be found after 1500 BC.
966:
The Jōmon period was rich in tools and jewelry made from bone, stone, shell and antler; pottery figurines and vessels; and
4532:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Center for Japanese Studies, The University of Michigan. (main text 496 pages; Jōmon text 92 pages)
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Nara, Takashi; Adachi, Noboru; Yoneda, Minoru; Hagihara, Yasuo; Saeki, Fumiko; Koibuchi, Ryoko; Takahashi, Ryohei (2019).
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2016:
The motifs of Jōmon artifacts are used as inspiration for vessels and origami, cookies, candies, notebooks, and neckties.
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because in these settings cultural complexity developed within a primarily hunting-gathering context with limited use of
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is February 11, 660 BC. That version of Japanese history, however, comes from the country's first written records, the
1077:
The earliest pottery in Japan was made at or before the start of the Incipient Jōmon period. Small fragments, dated to
414:
389:
2576:
Sakaguchi, Takashi (2009). "Storage adaptations among hunter–gatherers: A quantitative approach to the Jomon period".
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3078:"Responses of Amazonian ecosystems to climatic and atmospheric carbon dioxide changes since the Last Glacial Maximum"
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rice-agriculturalists, and these two major ancestral groups came to Japan over different routes at different times.
1649:
During the Final Jōmon period, a slow shift was taking place in western Japan: steadily increasing contact with the
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3784:"Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the human skeletons excavated from the Shomyoji shell midden site, Kanagawa, Japan"
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Matsui, A.; Kanehara, M. (2006). "The question of prehistoric plant husbandry during the Jomōn Period in Japan".
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The approximately 14,000-year Jōmon period is conventionally divided into several phases, progressively shorter:
701:
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the Jōmon people are an admixture of several Paleolithic populations. He suggests that Y-chromosome haplogroups
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in 1998. Pottery of roughly the same age was subsequently found at other sites such as in Kamikuroiwa and the
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and cultural complexity. The name "cord-marked" was first applied by the American zoologist and orientalist
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2903:"Pottery production during the Late Jomon period: insights from the chemical analyses of Kasori B pottery"
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Within the archipelago, the vegetation was transformed by the end of the Ice Age. In southwestern Honshu,
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1525:, among others. These characteristics place them somewhere in between hunting-gathering and agriculture.
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produced edible nuts and acorns. These provided substantial sources of food for both humans and animals.
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Crawford, G.W. (1992). "The transitions to agriculture in Japan". In Gebauer, A.B.; Price, T.D. (eds.).
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4641:. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2002)
4463:. Ed. Simon Kaner with Oki Nakamura. Oxford, England: Oxbow Books. (main text 186 pages, all on Jōmon)
1489:
1328:), sea levels rose, separating the Japanese archipelago from the Asian mainland; the closest point (in
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3355:"Analysis of whole Y-chromosome sequences reveals the Japanese population history in the Jomon period"
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1133:. However, this does not seem to have been the case with the first Jōmon people, who perhaps numbered
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Modern public perception of Jōmon has gradually changed from primitive and obsolete to captivating:
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4039:. A genome-wide association study identifies five loci influencing facial morphology in Europeans.
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2942:"Eastern Japanese pottery during the Jomon-Yayoi transition: a study in forager-farmer interaction"
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eventually led to the establishment of Korean-type settlements in western Kyushu, beginning around
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3484:"Ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences of Jōmon teeth samples from Sanganji, Tohoku district, Japan"
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Pacific northeast Asia in prehistory: hunter-fisher-gatherers, farmers, and sociopolitical elites
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3828:"Exploring models of human migration to the Japanese archipelago using genome-wide genetic data"
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Azuki bean cultivation was common in southern Jōmon period Japan and also in southern China and
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4350:. Studies in Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. (main text 337 pages; Jōmon text 92 pages)
3551:"Dual origins of the Japanese: Common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes"
2345:
Kuzmin, Y.V. (2006). "Chronology of the Earliest Pottery in East Asia: Progress and Pitfalls".
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Jōmon-style pit houses have been recreated in places such as the Jōmon Village Historic Garden.
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Radiocarbon measures of carbonized material from pottery artifacts (uncalibrated): Fukui Cave
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3637:"Paleolithic contingent in modern Japanese: Estimation and inference using genome-wide data"
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Hanihara, K. (1984). "Origins and affinities of Japanese viewed from cranial measurements".
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during the Jōmon period is associated with the C1a1 and C2 lineages, geneflow from the
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3289:"A Study of the Utilization of Wood to Build Pit Dwellings from the Epi-Jomon Culture"
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and bronze and iron metallurgy, as well as new pottery styles similar to those of the
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2314:
2283:
2241:
2052:
1880:
1830:
1814:
1614:
1590:
1092:
1063:
1036:
Recent findings have refined the final phase of the Jōmon period to 300 BC. The
956:
883:
791:
774:
721:
706:
394:
356:
234:
4638:
4554:
Temple, DH (2007). "Stress and dietary variation among prehistoric Jomon foragers".
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8345:
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Jōmon Reflections: Forager Life and Culture in the Prehistoric Japanese Archipelago
4400:
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4363:
4330:
4286:
4239:
4221:
4144:
4126:
4071:
4035:
Liu, F., van der Lijn, F., Schurmann, C., Zhu, G., Chakravarty, M. M., Hysi, P. G.
3992:
3947:
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3795:
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3097:
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3019:
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2585:
2354:
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1850:
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1602:
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1333:
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975:
891:
830:
341:
250:
42:
7677:
7633:
4866:
4674:
3436:
3010:
Crawford, Gary W. (2011). "Advances in understanding early agriculture in Japan".
2259:
1967:
Some linguists suggest that the Japonic languages were already present within the
1117:
1101:
1059:
1049:
952:
50:
8490:
8405:
8390:
8375:
8066:
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7798:
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7704:
7662:
7557:
7527:
7392:
7387:
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6161:
6126:
6081:
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5763:
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5728:
5641:
5607:
5526:
5219:
5111:
5030:
5010:
4911:
4771:
4655:
The Prehistoric Archaeology of Japan by the Niigata Prefectural Museum of History
4409:
3942:
3696:"Overview of genetic variation in the Y chromosome of modern Japanese males"
3208:
2689:
2662:
2490:
2429:
1957:
1916:
1888:
1806:
1798:
1757:, marriage customs, architectural styles, and technological developments such as
1684:
1480:
1428:
1408:
1353:, and Kyushu constitute a continuous chain of islands, connecting the Jōmon with
1130:
1110:
944:
932:
731:
539:
524:
514:
424:
212:
2262:"Human genetic diversity in the Japanese Archipelago: dual structure and beyond"
1972:
1948:). The genetic evidence suggests that an East Asian source population, near the
1794:
1776:
909:
906:
8564:
8534:
8505:
8440:
8175:
8102:
7924:
7889:
7820:
7709:
7581:
7289:
6874:
6864:
6685:
6666:
5943:
5879:
5831:
5788:
5681:
5582:
4960:
4766:
4113:
Boer, Elisabeth de; Yang, Melinda A.; Kawagoe, Aileen; Barnes, Gina L. (2020).
3378:
3073:
2658:
1945:
1941:
1920:
1912:
1578:
1432:
1354:
1129:
because pottery is heavy, bulky, and fragile and thus generally unsuitable for
887:
796:
331:
262:
219:
4291:
4178:
3569:
3550:
3138:
3031:
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2589:
2358:
8604:
8539:
8475:
8470:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8370:
8061:
8046:
7992:
7970:
7867:
7855:
7771:
7640:
7522:
7483:
7471:
7459:
7171:
7082:
7011:
6752:
6695:
6673:
6582:
6514:
6509:
6487:
6340:
5841:
5753:
5742:
5511:
5375:
5131:
4504:
4499:
Michael, Henry N., "The Neolithic Age in Eastern Siberia." Henry N. Michael.
4300:
4235:
4140:
4083:
4006:
3853:
3809:
3386:
3217:
2926:
2831:
1929:
1838:
1802:
1722:
1676:
Outside Hokkaido, the Final Jōmon is succeeded by a new farming culture, the
1622:
1484:
1147:
589:
584:
6602:
5084:
4856:
4669:
4664:
4650:
Memory of the Jōmon Period by The University Museum, The University of Tokyo
4075:
3269:
1971:
and coastal Korea, before the Yayoi period, and can be linked to one of the
460:
8269:
7980:
7936:
7917:
7872:
7672:
7596:
7353:
7348:
7304:
6931:
6813:
6777:
6757:
6609:
6587:
6499:
5933:
5909:
5852:
5718:
5546:
5365:
4890:
4878:
4873:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4604:
4575:
4528:
Pearson, Richard J., Gina Lee Barnes, and Karl L. Hutterer (eds.). (1986).
4392:
4253:
4158:
4091:
4014:
3961:
3768:
3680:
3621:
3578:
3404:
3235:
3111:
3093:
2622:
2287:
2156:
2135:
1989:
1976:
1933:
1819:
1691:(post-Jōmon) or Epi-Jōmon culture, which later replaced or merged with the
1677:
1143:
1037:
983:
621:
285:
179:
151:
137:
123:
8029:
5101:
4928:
3535:
2233:
492:
229:
8360:
8019:
8009:
7965:
7960:
7912:
7850:
7813:
7786:
7687:
7657:
7532:
7454:
7375:
7363:
7124:
7109:
7099:
7070:
7028:
6943:
6911:
6859:
6792:
6629:
6504:
6361:
6350:
5121:
4885:
4361:
Craig, O.E; Saul, H. (2013). "Earliest evidence for the use of pottery".
3750:
3482:
Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki; Saso, Aiko; Suwa, Gen; Saitou, Naruya (2013).
2785:"Jomon Lithic Raw Material Exploitation in the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan"
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2456:
1961:
1908:
1810:
1758:
1733:
1713:
1658:
1522:
1440:
1311:
967:
559:
165:
4955:
4481:. Senri Ethnological Studies No. 9. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology.
4384:
4226:
3997:
3980:
3612:
3593:
3307:
2839:
2815:
2140:
8520:
8277:
8259:
8163:
8056:
8014:
7830:
7793:
7756:
7652:
7239:
7151:
6978:
6879:
6852:
6772:
6570:
6524:
6435:
6403:
5778:
5143:
5045:
4993:
4906:
4644:
4596:
4567:
4131:
3844:
3827:
3800:
3712:
3695:
3500:
2278:
2261:
1937:
1306:
The Japanese archipelago, during the last glaciation in about 20,000 BC
1086:
631:
614:
361:
310:
196:
3662:
3052:
2310:
Diachrony of Verb Morphology: Japanese and the Transeurasian Languages
8071:
7840:
7825:
7423:
7408:
7333:
7316:
7234:
7119:
7060:
7050:
7045:
6968:
6847:
6735:
6661:
6428:
6418:
5868:
5171:
5015:
5005:
4210:"Munda languages are father tongues, but Japanese and Korean are not"
3726:
3252:) in Jōmon Period Japan and the Development of Individual Ownership.
3178:
Yang, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Yunfei; Crawford, Gary W.; Chen, Xugao (2014).
1834:
1680:(c. 300 BC – AD 300), named after an archaeological site near Tokyo.
1598:
1439:
once existed in the Japanese archipelago, but they became extinct in
1424:
1420:
1381:
1377:
1126:
940:
657:
377:
351:
1737:, dating from the 6th to the 8th centuries, after Japan had adopted
8591:
8380:
7845:
7781:
7628:
7586:
7321:
7229:
7104:
6926:
6889:
6869:
4530:
Windows on the Japanese Past: Studies in Archaeology and Prehistory
3023:
2107:
Clay statue, late Jōmon period (1000–400 BC), Tokyo National Museum
1900:
1884:
1570:
1559:
1510:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1384:
trees and conifers were common in northeastern Honshu and southern
1362:
1358:
1302:
5954:
5862:
4639:
Department of Asian Art. "Jōmon Culture (ca. 10,500–ca. 300 B.C.)"
3978:
7907:
7699:
7645:
7591:
7413:
7219:
7129:
6983:
6884:
6842:
6705:
6624:
6577:
6565:
5874:
5801:
5796:
4682:
3981:"Unique characteristics of the Ainu population in Northern Japan"
2188:
1953:
1618:
1545:
Jōmon clay mask, bearing similarities to clay masks found in the
1518:
1506:
1407:
In the northeast, the plentiful marine life carried south by the
1373:
1366:
979:
4115:"Japan considered from the hypothesis of farmer/language spread"
2006:
1554:
1293:
57:
7975:
7512:
7490:
7343:
7279:
7224:
6614:
6592:
6560:
6534:
5884:
5806:
5783:
5768:
5723:
5057:
3164:. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 117–132.
2260:
Timothy Jinam; Hideaki Kanzawa-Kiriyama; Naruya Saitou (2015).
1925:
1896:
1754:
1746:
1727:
1468:
1436:
1416:
1412:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1329:
1054:
1025:
Dating of the Jōmon sub-phases is based primarily upon ceramic
336:
3481:
2742:
UCL Institute of Archaeology. Pristupljeno 18. studenoga 2023.
2461:
Comprehensive Database of Archaeological Site Reports in Japan
1573:
is jewelry from Jōmon period Japan, and was also found in the
1463:
1150:, and were evidently skillful coastal and deep-water fishers.
972:
pre-Columbian cultures of the North American Pacific Northwest
955:
in 1877 and subsequently translated "straw-rope pattern" into
8228:
8041:
7761:
7495:
7449:
7311:
7166:
7114:
6690:
6656:
5858:
5708:
5704:
4713:
2544:"Archaeology | Studies examine clues of transoceanic contact"
1825:
The modern-day Japanese population carries approximately 30%
1742:
1529:
1389:
1342:
1071:
935:
and early agriculturalist population united through a common
3879:"Jōmon culture and the peopling of the Japanese archipelago"
3594:"Revisiting the peopling of Japan: An admixture perspective"
7987:
7948:
7428:
7284:
7214:
7134:
7006:
6519:
4516:
An Archaeological History of Japan: 10,000 B.C. to A.D. 700
2431:
An Archaeological History of Japan, 30,000 B.C. to A.D. 700
1763:
1565:
1546:
1514:
3591:
3430:"日本の漢字1600年の歴史 (1600 years of history in Japanese Kanji)"
2215:"Hunting dogs as environmental adaptations in Jōmon Japan"
1870:
Jōmon culture and the peopling of the Japanese archipelago
1657:. The settlers brought with them new technologies such as
1125:
The manufacture of pottery typically implies some form of
7299:
7065:
7023:
3352:
1427:(with possible wild-pig management), wild plants such as
1401:
3781:
2416:
Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia
2389:. Birmingham, AL: Birmingham Museum of Art. p. 40.
2379:
1853:
are two of the Jōmon lineages. The maternal haplogroups
1487:
was practiced in the form of tending groves of lacquer (
1314:
culture, mainly stone tools, occur in Japan from around
4433:
Ruins of Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese Islands
3635:
He, Yungang; Wang, Wei R.; Xu, Shuhua; Jin, Li (2012).
2854:"Japanese art – Jomon, Pottery, Sculpture | Britannica"
2664:
Ruins of Identity: Ethnogenesis in the Japanese islands
2386:
Birmingham Museum of Art : Guide to the Collection
1455:, when the local climate became warmer and more humid.
3867:崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版 2009年）(in Japanese)
3548:
2183:
Kamaki & Serizawa (1967), Kamikuroiwa rockshelter
1975:
of southwestern Japan, rather than the later Yayoi or
1597:
This period saw a rise in complexity in the design of
886:. It shares cultural similarities with settlements of
4538:
A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations
4112:
3248:
Nishimura, Y. (2018). The Evolution of Curved Beads (
3177:
2708:
2605:
2384:
1983:
Vovin (2021) presented arguments for the presence of
1829:
ancestry from the Jōmon. This is far higher than the
1608:
4503:, New Ser., Vol. 48, No. 2 (1958), pp. 1–108. (
2116:
2946:
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
2878:"Jōmon Pottery at the World's Columbian Exposition"
2789:
Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association
2023:
saw 350,000 visitors, 3.5 times more than expected.
1865:have been identified from ancient Jōmon specimens.
4501:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
3918:"Evolution of the Ainu Language in Space and Time"
3729:"A partial nuclear genome of the Jōmons who lived
3314:
2627:Bulletin of the Society for East Asian Archaeology
2623:"A comment on the Yayoi Period dating controversy"
2434:. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated.
2299:
2297:
4346:Aikens, C. Melvin, and Takayasu Higuchi. (1982).
3173:
3171:
1672:Reconstruction of a Yayoi period house in Kyushu.
1153:
8602:
3876:
3687:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2255:
2253:
2251:
931:, during which Japan was inhabited by a diverse
4479:Affluent Foragers: Pacific Coasts East and West
4208:Chaubey, Gyaneshwer; Driem, George van (2020).
3838:(1). Anthropological Society of Nippon: 45–58.
3775:
3082:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences
2294:
1683:Within Hokkaido, the Jōmon is succeeded by the
1380:trees dominated the forests, whereas broadleaf
1114:bottoms so that they could stand on a surface.
915:
69:
4675:The life of Jōmon people, Tamagawa University
4171:
4052:
3168:
3124:
2596:
1883:concluded that the Jōmon period population of
1536:
904:
63:
8244:
6377:
5970:
4698:
4279:International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics
4266:
4106:
3916:Lee, Sean; Hasegawa, Toshikazu (April 2013).
3909:
2998:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2248:
1589:Reconstruction of Jōmon period houses in the
1446:
855:
4207:
4046:
3901:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2331:
2329:
2208:
2206:
4670:Yayoi Culture by Professor Charles T Keally
4665:Jōmon Culture by Professor Charles T Keally
4535:
4484:Mason, Penelope E., with Donald Dinwiddie,
3915:
3634:
3475:
3076:; William D. Gosling; Mark B. Bush (2004).
2816:"Jomon Pottery Production in Central Japan"
2738:Jomon pottery as hunter-gatherer technology
1332:) about 190 km (120 mi) from the
8251:
8237:
6391:
6384:
6370:
5977:
5963:
4705:
4691:
4518:, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002,
3825:
3720:
3065:
2637:
2410:
2408:
2406:
1770:
862:
848:
4556:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
4544:
4360:
4290:
4243:
4225:
4177:
4148:
4130:
3996:
3951:
3941:
3843:
3799:
3758:
3711:
3670:
3611:
3568:
3499:
3394:
3296:Journal of the Graduate School of Letters
3225:
3207:
3184:) cultivation and domestication in China"
3101:
2970:
2939:
2782:
2714:
2575:
2427:
2421:
2326:
2277:
2203:
939:, which reached a considerable degree of
894:, as well as with later Japanese culture.
3821:
3819:
3585:
3521:
3259:(1), 105–158. doi:10.1353/asi.2018.0004.
3162:Transitions to Agriculture in Prehistory
3159:
3009:
2813:
2584:(3). San Diego: Elsevier Inc.: 290–303.
2303:
1780:
1667:
1627:
1584:
1564:
1540:
1462:
1301:
1116:
1091:
1053:
873:
4978:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
4488:, 2nd edn 2005, Pearson Prentice Hall,
4315:
4275:"Austronesians in the Northern Waters?"
4192:
2614:
2454:
2418:. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press
2403:
14:
8603:
4582:
4553:
3542:
3320:
3286:
3055:Memoirs of the National Science Museum
2657:
2651:
2578:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2515:
2488:
2344:
1833:Jōmon contribution of around 15%, and
1528:An apparently domesticated variety of
1096:Jōmon pottery in the Yamanashi museum.
8232:
7555:
7194:
6460:
6365:
5958:
4686:
4632:A History of the World in 100 Objects
4540:. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
4449:, University of Hawai`i Press, 1996,
4435:, University of Hawai`i Press, 1999,
4272:
3816:
3592:Rita Rasteiro; Lounès Chikhi (2009).
2620:
2212:
1785:Forensic reconstruction from a local
1698:
8636:Archaeological cultures of East Asia
7556:
4549:. New York: Oxford University Press.
4407:
3826:Osada, Naoki; Kawai, Yosuke (2021).
3693:
3180:"Archaeological evidence for peach (
3046:
2940:Kobayashi, Seiji (24 January 2008).
2900:
2783:Motohashi, Emiko (25 January 1996).
2751:
2687:
2681:
2051:Late Jōmon clay statue, Kazahari I,
1483:. There is evidence to suggest that
1475:The degree to which horticulture or
1458:
1388:. Many native tree species, such as
5984:
4547:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology
4329:. December 21, 2019. Archived from
3694:Sato, Youichi; et al. (2014).
3418:Article, LONDON: The Royal Society.
2814:Habu, Junko; Hall, Mark E. (1999).
2560:
2373:
2019:In 2018, a Jōmon exhibition at the
1996:
1707:
24:
5154:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
4712:
4414:. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge Press.
1632:Jōmon period clay figure from the
1609:Late and Final Jōmon (2470–500 BC)
1178:Initial Jōmon (7500–4000 BC)
25:
8662:
7508:Megalithic architectural elements
5021:Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)
4620:
4585:American Journal of Human Biology
2960:– via Open Journal Systems.
2907:Journal of Archaeological Science
2803:– via Open Journal Systems.
2095:Final Jōmon jar, Kamegaoka style.
1895:A 2015 study found specific gene
1105:after World War II, through
8651:5th-century BC disestablishments
7195:
6345:
6336:
6335:
5939:
5938:
5927:
4660:Chronologies of the Jōmon Period
3458:"Out of Sunda by Jōmon Japanese"
2119:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2067:Late Jōmon clay head, Shidanai,
2060:
2044:
1879:A study by Lee and Hasegawa of
49:
8127:Evolutionary origin of religion
4273:Vovin, Alexander (2021-12-21).
4201:
4186:
4165:
4029:
3972:
3870:
3861:
3628:
3515:
3450:
3421:
3411:
3346:
3336:
3326:
3280:
3262:
3242:
3153:
3118:
2964:
2933:
2894:
2870:
2846:
2807:
2776:
2745:
2729:
2720:
2536:
2509:
2482:
2473:
2169:
8646:14th-century BC establishments
8411:Liaoning bronze dagger culture
8258:
6303:British Indian Ocean Territory
5507:Agriculture, forestry, fishing
4545:Silberman, Neil Asher (2012).
2694:. Cambridge University Press.
2667:. University of Hawaii Press.
2522:. Cambridge University Press.
2448:
2338:
1505:) producing trees, as well as
1154:Chronological ceramic typology
13:
1:
7740:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
7270:British megalith architecture
2197:
2033:cover the prehistoric period.
1294:Incipient and Initial Jōmon (
989:
925:
27:Japanese prehistorical period
8461:South-Western Iberian Bronze
7735:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
7275:Nordic megalith architecture
4629:. Discussion of Jōmon pots.
4536:Schirokauer, Conrad (2013).
3943:10.1371/journal.pone.0062243
3209:10.1371/journal.pone.0106595
2752:Kudo, Yuichiro (June 2007).
2611:Schirokauer et al., 133–143.
2163:
2083:A Middle Jōmon jar. 2000 BC.
1236:Middle Jōmon (3520–2470 BC)
1022:from the 21st century.
7:
5095:1923 Great Kantō earthquake
5041:Abolition of the han system
4627:BBC audio file (15 minutes)
4459:Kobayashi, Tatsuo. (2004).
4214:Evolutionary Human Sciences
4119:Evolutionary Human Sciences
3464:. Earth & Life Sciences
2901:Hall, Mark E (2004-10-01).
2266:Genes & Genetic Systems
2112:
1621:cooled entering a stage of
1537:Middle Jōmon (3520–2470 BC)
1213:Early Jōmon (5000–3520 BC)
916:
70:
10:
8667:
8511:Wilburton-Wallington Phase
7883:British Isles and Brittany
7804:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
4340:
4193:Isemura, Takehisa (2011).
3379:10.1038/s41598-019-44473-z
3270:"Early Jomon hamlet found"
2971:Kushihara, Koichi (2014).
2602:Silberman et al., 154–155.
2519:Prehistory of the Americas
2516:Fiedel, Stuart J. (1992).
2489:Aikens, C. Melvin (1992).
2313:, De Gruyter, p. 26,
2037:
1774:
1447:Early Jōmon (5000–3520 BC)
1261:Final Jōmon (1250–500 BC)
1250:Late Jōmon (2470–1250 BC)
1047:
1043:
970:. It is often compared to
8588:
8519:
8396:Indus Valley Civilisation
8306:Armorican Tumulus culture
8276:
8266:
8085:
7898:
7725:
7572:
7568:
7551:
7437:
7401:
7250:
7207:
7203:
7190:
6997:
6828:
6801:
6726:
6652:
6643:
6548:
6473:
6469:
6461:
6456:
6399:
6331:
6290:
6250:
5992:
5922:
5690:
5568:
5559:
5502:
5493:
5428:
5305:
5301:
5292:
5205:
5196:
5164:
5107:Japan during World War II
5077:
4986:
4924:Mongol invasions of Japan
4899:
4824:
4751:
4742:
4724:
4292:10.1163/25898833-00320006
4179:10.1101/2020.12.07.414037
3985:Journal of Human Genetics
3877:Schmidt; Seguchi (2014).
3738:Journal of Human Genetics
3599:Journal of Human Genetics
3570:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0
3556:Journal of Human Genetics
3287:Moriya, Toyohito (2015).
3139:10.1080/00438240600708295
2919:10.1016/j.jas.2004.03.004
2590:10.1016/j.jaa.2009.05.001
2359:10.1017/s0003598x00093686
2213:Perri, Angela R. (2016).
1993:extinct Jōmon languages.
1841:took place. According to
1761:, laminated bows called "
1490:Toxicodendron verniciflua
1453:Holocene climatic optimum
1365:connected the Jōmon with
1121:Spray style Jōmon pottery
1029:, and to a lesser extent
905:
898:In Japanese history, the
415:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
390:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
64:
6052:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
5381:House of Representatives
5177:2019 imperial transition
5149:Great Hanshin earthquake
5117:Second Sino-Japanese War
5090:Japan during World War I
3733:ago in Fukushima, Japan"
2428:Mizoguchi, Koji (2002).
2381:Birmingham Museum of Art
1950:Himalayan mountain range
1695:around the 7th century.
1376:, and Kyushu, broadleaf
929: 14,000 and 300 BC
627:Great Hanshin earthquake
545:Second Sino-Japanese War
8356:Deverel–Rimbury culture
8115:Evolutionary musicology
7518:Oldest extant buildings
7445:Archaeological features
6964:Prepared-core technique
6313:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5064:First Sino-Japanese War
4486:History of Japanese art
4076:10.1126/science.aba0909
3832:Anthropological Science
3788:Anthropological Science
3700:Anthropological Science
3488:Anthropological Science
2758:The Quaternary Research
2735:Dresner, Melvyn. 2016.
2151:Unofficial nengō system
1771:Origin and ethnogenesis
1640:The Japanese chestnut,
1477:small-scale agriculture
473:Intervention in Siberia
400:First Sino-Japanese War
8077:Unchambered long cairn
7925:Mound Builders culture
7258:Neolithic architecture
6393:Prehistoric technology
5532:Science and technology
4971:Council of Five Elders
4966:Azuchi–Momoyama period
4411:Ancient Jomon of Japan
3094:10.1098/rstb.2003.1434
2691:Ancient Jomōn of Japan
2621:Shōda, Shinya (2007).
2455:長野県立歴史館 (1996-07-01).
1790:
1673:
1637:
1594:
1582:
1553:Highly ornate pottery
1550:
1472:
1307:
1122:
1097:
1074:
974:and especially to the
895:
878:Reconstruction of the
802:Science and technology
555:Attack on Pearl Harbor
478:Great Kantō earthquake
420:Colonization of Taiwan
347:Convention of Kanagawa
187:Former Nine Years' War
130:1000 BC – 300 AD
116:14,000 – 1000 BC
78:figurine, 4000–400 BCE
7752:List of Stone Age art
6954:Microblade technology
6902:Langdale axe industry
6500:Ard / plough
5477:Deputy Prime Minister
4862:Asuka Kiyomihara Code
3524:Acta Anthropogenetica
2980:Archaeologia Japonica
2715:Craig & Saul 2013
2548:The Columbus Dispatch
2234:10.15184/aqy.2016.115
2021:Tokyo National Museum
1784:
1767:", and metalworking.
1718:Japanese civilization
1671:
1631:
1588:
1568:
1544:
1466:
1305:
1120:
1095:
1068:Tokyo National Museum
1057:
1020:Great Pyramid of Giza
877:
520:Invasion of Manchuria
445:Colonization of Korea
405:Treaty of Shimonoseki
144:300 AD – 538 AD
8641:Archaeology of Japan
8426:Mumun pottery period
8159:Prehistoric medicine
8154:Prehistoric counting
8137:Prehistoric religion
8132:Paleolithic religion
8110:Behavioral modernity
7467:Causewayed enclosure
7359:Abri de la Madeleine
6483:Neolithic Revolution
6227:United Arab Emirates
5386:House of Councillors
5280:World Heritage Sites
4408:Habu, Junko (2004).
4333:on January 20, 2022.
3751:10.1038/jhg.2016.110
3012:Current Anthropology
2772:– via J-Stage.
2770:10.4116/jaqua.46.187
2688:Habu, Junko (2004).
2127:Ancient Japan portal
1985:Austronesian peoples
1969:Japanese archipelago
1868:According to study "
1793:The relationship of
1663:Mumun pottery period
1634:Yamanashi Prefecture
1083:Odai Yamamoto I site
924:is the time between
880:Sannai-Maruyama Site
812:World Heritage Sites
530:February 26 incident
435:Treaty of Portsmouth
296:Battle of Sekigahara
192:Later Three-Year War
71:"earthenware figure"
8421:Minoan civilization
8351:Deer stones culture
8311:Atlantic Bronze Age
8291:Aegean civilization
8198:Prehistoric warfare
6944:Magdalenian culture
6907:Levallois technique
6838:Earliest toolmaking
6254:limited recognition
5403:Self-Defense Forces
4473:Koyama, Shuzo, and
4385:10.1038/nature12109
4377:2013Natur.496..351C
4348:Prehistory of Japan
4227:10.1017/ehs.2020.14
4068:2020Sci...369..282Y
4043:8, e1002932 (2012).
3998:10.1038/jhg.2015.79
3934:2013PLoSO...862243L
3655:2012NatSR...2E.355H
3613:10.1038/jhg.2009.39
3371:2019NatSR...9.8556W
3308:10.14943/jgsl.10.71
3200:2014PLoSO...9j6595Z
2414:Imamura, K. (1996)
1533:5300–4300 BP.
1322:last glacial period
1140:chipped stone tools
1014:(2,470–1,250), and
998:(13,750–8,500 BC),
642:Imperial transition
580:Occupation of Japan
570:Soviet–Japanese War
535:Anti-Comintern Pact
410:Triple Intervention
8570:Leyla-Tepe culture
8527:and Transcaucasia)
8341:Chinese Bronze Age
8321:Bronze Age Britain
8149:Origin of language
8142:Spiritual drug use
8052:Rectangular dolmen
7954:Dartmoor kistvaens
7767:Carved stone balls
7479:Circular enclosure
7438:Other architecture
7381:Alp pile dwellings
6969:Solutrean industry
6880:Gravettian culture
6530:Secondary products
5537:Telecommunications
5069:Russo-Japanese War
4999:Tokugawa shogunate
4949:Nanboku-chō period
4944:Ashikaga shogunate
4917:Kamakura shogunate
4597:10.1002/ajhb.20756
4568:10.1002/ajpa.20645
4475:David Hurst Thomas
4132:10.1017/ehs.2020.7
3845:10.1537/ase.201215
3801:10.1537/ase.190307
3713:10.1537/ase.140709
3642:Scientific Reports
3501:10.1537/ase.121113
3460:. Southeast Asia.
3359:Scientific Reports
3254:Asian Perspectives
3072:Francis E. Mayle;
2858:www.britannica.com
2820:Asian Perspectives
2279:10.1266/ggs.90.147
2228:(353): 1166–1180.
2029:Magazines such as
1791:
1739:Chinese characters
1699:Population decline
1674:
1638:
1595:
1583:
1551:
1502:Aesculus turbinata
1473:
1308:
1146:tools, traps, and
1135:20,000 individuals
1123:
1107:radiocarbon dating
1098:
1081:were found at the
1075:
1031:radiocarbon dating
896:
702:Capital punishment
678:2019–present
600:Asset price bubble
575:Surrender of Japan
440:Japan–Korea Treaty
430:Russo-Japanese War
385:Ryūkyū Disposition
327:Invasion of Ryukyu
322:Tokugawa shogunate
258:Nanboku-chō period
8598:
8597:
8481:Terramare culture
8436:Nordic Bronze Age
8386:Hallstatt culture
8331:Canegrate culture
8326:Bronze Age Europe
8296:Andronovo culture
8226:
8225:
8222:
8221:
8218:
8217:
8171:Prehistoric music
8120:music archaeology
7777:Cup and ring mark
7602:Clothing/textiles
7547:
7546:
7543:
7542:
7186:
7185:
7182:
7181:
6989:Yubetsu technique
6974:Striking platform
6939:Lithic technology
6824:
6823:
6809:Game drive system
6728:Projectile points
6620:Mortar and pestle
6359:
6358:
6296:other territories
5952:
5951:
5918:
5917:
5667:Sexual minorities
5555:
5554:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5484:
5398:Political parties
5337:Foreign relations
5288:
5287:
5192:
5191:
5182:COVID-19 pandemic
5051:Satsuma Rebellion
5036:Meiji Restoration
4934:Kenmu Restoration
4794:Foreign relations
4514:Mizoguchi, Koji,
4469:978-1-84217-088-5
4447:Prehistoric Japan
4431:Hudson, Mark J.,
4421:978-0-521-77670-7
4062:(6501): 282–288.
3663:10.1038/srep00355
3127:World Archaeology
3088:(1443): 499–514.
3018:(S4): S331–S345.
2913:(10): 1439–1450.
2882:web.sas.upenn.edu
2701:978-0-521-77670-7
2674:978-0-8248-2156-2
2502:978-0-87422-092-6
2441:978-0-8122-3651-4
2396:978-1-904832-77-5
2320:978-3-11-039994-3
2305:Robbeets, Martine
2053:Aomori Prefecture
2009:depicted tattoos.
1973:Jōmon populations
1881:Waseda University
1815:mitochondrial DNA
1591:Aomori Prefecture
1459:Early agriculture
1064:8th millennium BC
947:, who discovered
884:Aomori Prefecture
872:
871:
737:Foreign relations
682:
681:
670:Abe assassination
665:COVID-19 pandemic
637:Tōhoku earthquake
395:Satsuma Rebellion
357:Meiji Restoration
235:Kenmu Restoration
16:(Redirected from
8658:
8528:
8501:Urnfield culture
8466:Srubnaya culture
8431:Mycenaean Greece
8416:Lusatian culture
8366:Ewart Park Phase
8346:Cycladic culture
8336:Catacomb culture
8301:Apennine culture
8286:Abashevo culture
8253:
8246:
8239:
8230:
8229:
8186:Divje Babe flute
8093:Archaeoastronomy
7836:Petrosomatoglyph
7570:
7569:
7553:
7552:
7402:Water management
7205:
7204:
7192:
7191:
7095:Denticulate tool
6917:Lithic reduction
6650:
6649:
6471:
6470:
6458:
6457:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6363:
6362:
6349:
6339:
6338:
6308:Christmas Island
5994:Sovereign states
5986:History of Asia
5979:
5972:
5965:
5956:
5955:
5942:
5941:
5934:Japan portal
5932:
5931:
5930:
5847:National symbols
5566:
5565:
5500:
5499:
5303:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5203:
5202:
5137:Economic miracle
4939:Muromachi period
4749:
4748:
4707:
4700:
4693:
4684:
4683:
4616:
4579:
4562:(4): 1035–1046.
4550:
4541:
4477:(eds.). (1979).
4445:Imamura, Keiji,
4425:
4404:
4335:
4334:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4294:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4247:
4229:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4152:
4134:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4050:
4044:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4000:
3976:
3970:
3969:
3955:
3945:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3900:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3868:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3847:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3803:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3762:
3732:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3674:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3615:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3572:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3530:(1–2): 149–158.
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3503:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3435:. Archived from
3425:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3293:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3266:
3260:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3229:
3211:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3007:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2977:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2749:
2743:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2635:
2634:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2573:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2425:
2419:
2412:
2401:
2400:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2353:(308): 362–371.
2342:
2336:
2333:
2324:
2323:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2281:
2257:
2246:
2245:
2219:
2210:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2146:Prehistoric Asia
2129:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2069:Iwate Prefecture
2064:
2048:
1997:Cultural revival
1843:Mitsuru Sakitani
1708:Foundation myths
1693:Satsumon culture
1659:wet rice farming
1651:Korean Peninsula
1643:Castanea crenata
1603:Satsumon culture
1575:Korean Peninsula
1496:Castanea crenata
1357:, while Honshu,
1334:Korean Peninsula
1327:
1319:
1297:
1161:
1160:(14,000–7500 BC)
1158:Incipient Jōmon
1136:
1131:hunter-gatherers
1111:hunter-gatherers
1080:
976:Valdivia culture
930:
927:
923:
922:
919:
913:
912:
892:Korean Peninsula
864:
857:
850:
694:
595:Economic miracle
510:Nanking incident
505:Financial crisis
342:Perry Expedition
316:
225:Mongol invasions
104:before 14,000 BC
94:
93:
89:
77:
76:
73:
67:
66:
53:
43:History of Japan
30:
29:
21:
8666:
8665:
8661:
8660:
8659:
8657:
8656:
8655:
8631:Ancient peoples
8601:
8600:
8599:
8594:
8584:
8580:Khojaly–Gadabay
8550:Shulaveri-Shomu
8526:
8525:(North Caucasus
8524:
8523:
8515:
8496:Únětice culture
8491:Tumulus culture
8406:Karasuk culture
8391:Helladic period
8381:Argaric culture
8376:Glazkov culture
8272:
8262:
8257:
8227:
8214:
8081:
8067:Stone box grave
8037:Megalithic tomb
7942:Cotswold-Severn
7894:
7799:Guardian stones
7727:Prehistoric art
7721:
7564:
7539:
7528:Timber trackway
7433:
7397:
7393:Wattle and daub
7246:
7225:Standing stones
7199:
7178:
6993:
6820:
6797:
6722:
6639:
6549:Food processing
6544:
6493:New World crops
6465:
6452:
6395:
6390:
6360:
6355:
6327:
6295:
6286:
6267:Northern Cyprus
6253:
6246:
5988:
5983:
5953:
5948:
5928:
5926:
5914:
5734:Class S (genre)
5686:
5662:Sex trafficking
5637:Life expectancy
5573:Anti-monarchism
5551:
5481:
5424:
5391:List of members
5371:Law enforcement
5284:
5188:
5160:
5112:Mukden Incident
5073:
5031:Meiji oligarchy
5011:Empire of Japan
4982:
4912:Kamakura period
4895:
4820:
4738:
4720:
4711:
4680:
4623:
4507:from Korekawa,
4496:, 9780131176027
4422:
4371:(7445): 351–4.
4343:
4338:
4327:The Japan Times
4323:"Jomon revival"
4321:
4320:
4316:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4259:material ways."
4206:
4202:
4191:
4187:
4170:
4166:
4111:
4107:
4051:
4047:
4034:
4030:
3991:(10): 565–571.
3977:
3973:
3914:
3910:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3862:
3824:
3817:
3780:
3776:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3692:
3688:
3633:
3629:
3590:
3586:
3547:
3543:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3480:
3476:
3467:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3442:
3440:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3412:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3276:. May 27, 1997.
3274:The Japan Times
3268:
3267:
3263:
3247:
3243:
3176:
3169:
3158:
3154:
3123:
3119:
3070:
3066:
3051:
3047:
3008:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2975:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2938:
2934:
2899:
2895:
2886:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2781:
2777:
2750:
2746:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2659:Hudson, Mark J.
2656:
2652:
2647:
2638:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2574:
2561:
2552:
2550:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2463:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2426:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2397:
2378:
2374:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2302:
2295:
2258:
2249:
2217:
2211:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2185:12 165 ± 350 BP
2184:
2181:12 500 ± 500 BP
2180:
2177:12 500 ± 350 BP
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2096:
2093:
2084:
2081:
2072:
2071:, 1500–1000 BC.
2065:
2056:
2055:, 1500–1000 BC.
2049:
2040:
1999:
1958:Northeast India
1917:Tibetan Plateau
1779:
1773:
1710:
1701:
1685:Okhotsk culture
1611:
1539:
1481:hunter-gatherer
1461:
1449:
1409:Oyashio Current
1341:. In addition,
1325:
1324:(approximately
1315:
1300:
1296:13,750–5,000 BC
1295:
1171:Cord impression
1168:Nail impression
1165:Linear applique
1159:
1156:
1134:
1078:
1052:
1046:
1010:(3,520–2,470),
1006:(5,000–3,520),
1002:(8,500–5,000),
992:
945:Edward S. Morse
933:hunter-gatherer
928:
920:
902:
868:
818:
817:
816:
696:
695:
692:
684:
683:
675:
674:
650:1989–2019
647:
646:
607:1926–1989
604:
565:Atomic bombings
540:Tripartite Pact
525:May 15 incident
515:Mukden Incident
486:1912–1926
483:
482:
453:1868–1912
450:
449:
425:Boxer Rebellion
370:1603–1868
367:
366:
314:
304:1573–1603
301:
300:
279:Azuchi–Momoyama
271:1336–1573
268:
267:
243:1185–1333
240:
239:
202:
201:
172:710 – 794
169:
158:538 – 710
155:
141:
127:
91:
90:
87:
79:
74:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8664:
8654:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8613:
8596:
8595:
8589:
8586:
8585:
8583:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8565:Maykop culture
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8531:
8529:
8517:
8516:
8514:
8513:
8508:
8506:Wessex culture
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8441:Okunev culture
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8282:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8256:
8255:
8248:
8241:
8233:
8224:
8223:
8220:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8213:
8212:
8211:
8210:
8200:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8176:Alligator drum
8168:
8167:
8166:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8145:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8112:
8107:
8106:
8105:
8103:lunar calendar
8100:
8089:
8087:
8086:Other cultural
8083:
8082:
8080:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7990:
7985:
7984:
7983:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7957:
7956:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7922:
7921:
7920:
7915:
7904:
7902:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7890:Venus figurine
7887:
7886:
7885:
7880:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7859:
7858:
7853:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7821:Megalithic art
7818:
7817:
7816:
7811:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7790:
7789:
7779:
7774:
7772:Cave paintings
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7748:
7747:
7737:
7731:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7712:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7655:
7650:
7649:
7648:
7638:
7637:
7636:
7631:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7610:
7609:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7578:
7576:
7574:Material goods
7566:
7565:
7549:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7504:
7503:
7493:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7476:
7475:
7474:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7384:
7383:
7373:
7368:
7367:
7366:
7361:
7356:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7297:
7292:
7290:Cliff dwelling
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7266:
7265:
7254:
7252:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7244:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7222:
7217:
7211:
7209:
7201:
7200:
7188:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7068:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7009:
7003:
7001:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6935:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6898:
6897:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6875:Fire hardening
6872:
6867:
6865:Clovis culture
6862:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6834:
6832:
6826:
6825:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6816:
6805:
6803:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6788:Manis Mastodon
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6732:
6730:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6688:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6667:throwing stick
6659:
6653:
6647:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6574:
6573:
6563:
6558:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6479:
6477:
6467:
6466:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6400:
6397:
6396:
6389:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6366:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6343:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6299:
6297:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5982:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5959:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5936:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5865:
5856:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5791:
5789:Henohenomoheji
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5702:
5696:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5465:Prime Minister
5462:
5457:
5455:Foreign policy
5452:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5434:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5351:
5350:
5349:
5339:
5334:
5332:Imperial House
5329:
5328:
5327:
5317:
5312:
5306:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5240:Extreme points
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5092:
5081:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5013:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4961:Sengoku period
4958:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4903:
4901:
4900:Post-Classical
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4755:
4753:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4687:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4622:
4621:External links
4619:
4618:
4617:
4591:(4): 431–439.
4580:
4551:
4542:
4533:
4526:
4512:
4497:
4482:
4471:
4457:
4443:
4429:
4426:
4420:
4405:
4358:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4314:
4285:(2): 272–300.
4265:
4200:
4185:
4164:
4105:
4045:
4028:
3971:
3908:
3869:
3860:
3815:
3774:
3745:(2): 213–221.
3719:
3706:(3): 131–136.
3686:
3649:(355): 47–58.
3627:
3606:(6): 349–354.
3584:
3541:
3514:
3474:
3449:
3428:OKimori Takuya
3420:
3410:
3345:
3335:
3325:
3313:
3279:
3261:
3250:Magatama 勾玉/曲玉
3241:
3194:(9): e106595.
3182:Prunus persica
3167:
3152:
3133:(2): 259–273.
3117:
3074:David Beerling
3064:
3045:
3032:10.1086/658369
3024:10.1086/658369
2997:
2973:"Jomon Period"
2963:
2932:
2893:
2869:
2845:
2806:
2775:
2764:(3): 187–194.
2744:
2728:
2719:
2707:
2700:
2680:
2673:
2650:
2636:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2559:
2535:
2528:
2508:
2501:
2481:
2472:
2447:
2440:
2420:
2402:
2395:
2372:
2337:
2325:
2319:
2293:
2272:(3): 147–152.
2247:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2075:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2017:
2014:
2010:
1998:
1995:
1946:Tripuri people
1921:Southern China
1913:Northeast Asia
1839:Yayoi cultures
1797:to the modern
1775:Main article:
1772:
1769:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1610:
1607:
1579:Northeast Asia
1538:
1535:
1460:
1457:
1448:
1445:
1433:Ryukyu Islands
1355:Southeast Asia
1299:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:Kita-Shirakawa
1221:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1155:
1152:
1127:sedentary life
1048:Main article:
1045:
1042:
991:
988:
888:Northeast Asia
870:
869:
867:
866:
859:
852:
844:
841:
840:
839:
838:
833:
828:
820:
819:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
749:
747:Historiography
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
698:
697:
691:
690:
689:
686:
685:
680:
679:
676:
673:
672:
667:
661:
655:
652:
651:
648:
645:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
618:
612:
609:
608:
605:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
496:
488:
487:
484:
481:
480:
475:
470:
464:
458:
455:
454:
451:
448:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
381:
375:
372:
371:
368:
365:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
332:Siege of Osaka
329:
324:
318:
309:
306:
305:
302:
299:
298:
293:
288:
282:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
265:
263:Sengoku period
260:
254:
248:
245:
244:
241:
238:
237:
232:
227:
222:
216:
210:
207:
206:
205:794–1185
203:
200:
199:
194:
189:
183:
177:
174:
173:
170:
163:
160:
159:
156:
149:
146:
145:
142:
135:
132:
131:
128:
121:
118:
117:
114:
106:
105:
102:
92:
86:
85:
84:
81:
80:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8663:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8621:Ancient Japan
8619:
8617:
8616:Japanese eras
8614:
8612:
8609:
8608:
8606:
8593:
8587:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8522:
8518:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8471:Tagar culture
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8456:Samus culture
8454:
8452:
8451:Penard Period
8449:
8447:
8446:Ordos culture
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8371:Ezero culture
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8279:
8275:
8271:
8265:
8261:
8254:
8249:
8247:
8242:
8240:
8235:
8234:
8231:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8172:
8169:
8165:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8129:
8128:
8125:
8121:
8118:
8117:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8084:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8062:Simple dolmen
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8047:Passage grave
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7993:Gallery grave
7991:
7989:
7986:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7955:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7947:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7935:
7931:
7928:
7927:
7926:
7923:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7910:
7909:
7908:Burial mounds
7906:
7905:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7891:
7888:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7868:Statue menhir
7866:
7864:
7861:
7857:
7856:Stone carving
7854:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7783:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7746:
7743:
7742:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7695:Sewing needle
7693:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7647:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7639:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7563:
7559:
7554:
7550:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7523:Timber circle
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7485:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7477:
7473:
7472:Tor enclosure
7470:
7469:
7468:
7465:
7461:
7460:fulacht fiadh
7458:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7436:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7400:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7260:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7198:
7193:
7189:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7142:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7076:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6725:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6696:spear-thrower
6694:
6693:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6674:Bow and arrow
6672:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6642:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6583:Grinding slab
6581:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6515:Domestication
6513:
6511:
6510:Digging stick
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6488:Founder crops
6486:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6459:
6455:
6449:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6429:New Stone Age
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6398:
6394:
6387:
6382:
6380:
6375:
6373:
6368:
6367:
6364:
6352:
6348:
6344:
6342:
6334:
6333:
6330:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6277:South Ossetia
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6249:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5975:
5973:
5968:
5966:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5945:
5937:
5935:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5689:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5522:Manufacturing
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Fiscal policy
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5376:National Diet
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5360:
5359:Supreme Court
5357:
5356:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5304:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4867:Hakuhō period
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4815:
4814:Imperial Navy
4812:
4810:
4809:Imperial Army
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4708:
4703:
4701:
4696:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4548:
4543:
4539:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4524:0-8122-3651-3
4521:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4505:laminated bow
4502:
4498:
4495:
4494:0-13-117602-1
4491:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4455:0-8248-1852-0
4452:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4441:0-8248-2156-4
4438:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4356:0-12-045280-4
4353:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4204:
4196:
4189:
4180:
4175:
4168:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4042:
4038:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3928:(4): e62243.
3927:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3904:
3898:
3891:
3880:
3873:
3864:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3820:
3811:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3723:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3502:
3497:
3494:(2): 89–103.
3493:
3489:
3485:
3478:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3439:on 2012-10-17
3438:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3414:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3322:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:(1): 90–110.
2825:
2821:
2817:
2810:
2795:(15): 131–137
2794:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2732:
2726:Mason, 15, 17
2723:
2716:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2531:
2529:9780521425445
2525:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2495:. WSU Press.
2494:
2493:
2485:
2476:
2462:
2458:
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2424:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2341:
2332:
2330:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2190:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2117:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:, as well as
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:Yamato people
1800:
1796:
1789:Jōmon sample.
1788:
1783:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1723:Emperor Jimmu
1719:
1715:
1705:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:neoglaciation
1620:
1616:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1485:arboriculture
1482:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1456:
1454:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:, especially
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1304:
1288:
1285:
1283:Nishihonmaken
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1271:Hokurikubanki
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:Jōmon pottery
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:Jōmon pottery
1056:
1051:
1050:Jōmon pottery
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:Jōmon culture
934:
918:
911:
908:
901:
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
865:
860:
858:
853:
851:
846:
845:
843:
842:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
822:
821:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
688:
687:
677:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
660:
659:
654:
653:
649:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
617:
616:
611:
610:
606:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
590:Anpo protests
588:
586:
585:Postwar Japan
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
495:
494:
490:
489:
485:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
463:
462:
457:
456:
452:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
380:
379:
374:
373:
369:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
317:
313:
308:
307:
303:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
281:
280:
275:
274:
270:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
253:
252:
247:
246:
242:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
215:
214:
209:
208:
204:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
182:
181:
176:
175:
171:
168:
167:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
148:
147:
143:
140:
139:
134:
133:
129:
126:
125:
120:
119:
115:
113:
112:
108:
107:
103:
101:
100:
96:
95:
83:
82:
72:
60:
59:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
8626:Ainu history
8611:Jōmon period
8400:
8270:Chalcolithic
8003:wedge-shaped
7988:Funeral pyre
7981:Great dolmen
7937:Chamber tomb
7918:Round barrow
7873:Stone circle
7745:Blombos Cave
7673:Grooved ware
7597:Chalcolithic
7501:Thornborough
7419:Flush toilet
7354:Blombos Cave
7349:Rock shelter
7305:Quiggly hole
7197:Architecture
7172:illustration
6814:Buffalo jump
6635:Storage pits
6598:Aşıklı Höyük
6588:Ground stone
6424:Subdivisions
6292:Dependencies
6222:Turkmenistan
6187:Saudi Arabia
5890:Tea ceremony
5867:
5861: /
5853:No-pan kissa
5851:
5822:Martial arts
5812:LGBT culture
5714:Architecture
5707: /
5652:Prostitution
5618:Homelessness
5588:Demographics
5512:Central bank
5342:Human rights
5310:Constitution
5165:Contemporary
4987:Early Modern
4891:Heian period
4879:Monmu period
4874:Taika Reform
4852:Asuka period
4847:Kofun period
4842:Yayoi period
4837:Jōmon period
4836:
4679:
4630:
4588:
4584:
4559:
4555:
4546:
4537:
4529:
4515:
4500:
4485:
4478:
4460:
4446:
4432:
4410:
4368:
4362:
4347:
4331:the original
4326:
4317:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4257:
4217:
4213:
4203:
4188:
4167:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4036:
4031:
3988:
3984:
3974:
3965:
3925:
3921:
3911:
3885:
3872:
3863:
3835:
3831:
3794:(1): 65–72.
3791:
3787:
3777:
3742:
3736:
3722:
3703:
3699:
3689:
3646:
3640:
3630:
3603:
3597:
3587:
3563:(1): 47–58.
3560:
3554:
3544:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3491:
3487:
3477:
3466:. Retrieved
3461:
3452:
3441:. Retrieved
3437:the original
3423:
3413:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3328:
3316:
3299:
3295:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3161:
3155:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3085:
3081:
3067:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3015:
3011:
2988:. Retrieved
2983:
2979:
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2949:
2945:
2935:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:
2872:
2861:. Retrieved
2857:
2848:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2792:
2788:
2778:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2737:
2731:
2722:
2710:
2690:
2683:
2663:
2653:
2630:
2626:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2581:
2577:
2551:. Retrieved
2547:
2538:
2518:
2511:
2491:
2484:
2475:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:
2450:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2385:
2375:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2309:
2269:
2265:
2225:
2221:
2171:
2157:Yayoi period
2136:Comb Ceramic
2030:
2000:
1990:Yayoi period
1982:
1966:
1934:Tujia people
1905:
1894:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1824:
1795:Jōmon people
1792:
1777:Jōmon people
1762:
1751:
1732:
1726:
1714:origin myths
1711:
1702:
1682:
1675:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1612:
1596:
1552:
1527:
1511:bottle gourd
1500:
1494:
1488:
1474:
1450:
1406:
1371:
1309:
1260:
1249:
1235:
1212:
1177:
1174:Muroya lower
1157:
1144:ground stone
1124:
1099:
1076:
1038:Yayoi period
1035:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
993:
984:horticulture
965:
960:
936:
900:Jōmon period
899:
897:
760:Christianity
656:
622:Lost Decades
613:
550:World War II
491:
459:
376:
311:
286:Nanban trade
277:
249:
211:
178:
164:
150:
136:
122:
110:
109:
97:
56:
55:Final Jōmon
18:Jomon period
8545:Kura–Araxes
8476:Tarim Basin
8361:Elp culture
8025:unchambered
8020:Long barrow
8010:Grave goods
7966:Court cairn
7961:Clava cairn
7913:Bowl barrow
7851:Rock cupule
7794:Golden hats
7787:Hill figure
7688:Unstan ware
7668:Cord-marked
7533:Sweet Track
7455:Burnt mound
7376:Stilt house
7364:Sibudu Cave
7157:Tally stick
7125:Quern-stone
7110:Hammerstone
7100:Fire plough
7071:Pesse canoe
7029:Bannerstone
6999:Other tools
6912:Lithic core
6860:Aurignacian
6748:Bare Island
6630:Quern-stone
6351:Asia portal
6252:States with
6172:Philippines
6112:South Korea
6107:North Korea
6002:Afghanistan
5905:Video games
5647:Pornography
5255:Prefectures
5235:Environment
5230:Earthquakes
5215:Archipelago
5122:Pacific War
5078:Late Modern
4886:Nara period
4832:Paleolithic
4041:PLoS Genet.
3731:3 000 years
3365:(1): 8556.
3321:Moriya 2015
2990:17 November
2956:17 November
2952:(21): 37–42
2799:18 November
1962:Azuki beans
1909:Paleolithic
1759:lacquerware
1734:Nihon Shoki
1493:) and nut (
1441:prehistoric
1312:Paleolithic
968:lacquerware
917:Jōmon jidai
712:Earthquakes
560:Pacific War
468:World War I
99:Paleolithic
8605:Categories
8575:Jar-Burial
8521:Bronze Age
8401:Late Jomon
8278:Bronze Age
8260:Bronze Age
8164:trepanning
8057:Ring cairn
8015:Jar burial
7998:transepted
7930:U.S. sites
7831:Petroglyph
7757:Bird stone
7715:wine press
7388:Stone roof
7371:Roundhouse
7263:long house
7240:Stonehenge
7208:Ceremonial
7152:Stone tool
6979:Tool stone
6949:Metallurgy
6853:Mousterian
6830:Toolmaking
6768:Cumberland
6741:Transverse
6711:Schöningen
6603:Qesem cave
6571:Earth oven
6525:Irrigation
6436:Technology
6404:Prehistory
6232:Uzbekistan
6207:Tajikistan
6122:Kyrgyzstan
6102:Kazakhstan
6022:Bangladesh
6012:Azerbaijan
5895:Television
5817:Literature
5779:Hikikomori
5700:Aesthetics
5578:Censorship
5460:Ministries
5430:Government
5144:Heisei era
5127:Occupation
5085:Taishō era
5046:Boshin War
5026:Government
4994:Edo period
4907:Genpei War
4857:Taihō Code
3468:2017-07-05
3443:2012-10-23
2887:2023-11-17
2863:2023-11-17
2553:2017-10-04
2466:2016-09-02
2198:References
1938:Yao people
1689:Zoku-Jōmon
1599:pit-houses
1310:Traces of
1254:Horinouchi
1220:Jūsanbodai
1217:Goryogadai
1203:Shiboguchi
1200:Upper Tado
1197:Lower Tado
1100:The first
1087:Fukui cave
1079:14,500 BC,
1058:Incipient
990:Chronology
632:Cool Japan
500:Militarism
362:Boshin War
315:(Tokugawa)
197:Genpei War
8486:Trzciniec
8208:symbolism
8072:Tor cairn
8030:Grønsalen
7971:Cremation
7863:Sculpture
7841:Pictogram
7826:Petroform
7646:amber use
7614:Cosmetics
7424:Reservoir
7409:Check dam
7339:Pueblitos
7334:Pit-house
7317:Longhouse
7251:Dwellings
7120:Microlith
7051:Bow drill
7046:Bone tool
7039:prismatic
6848:Acheulean
6763:Cresswell
6736:Arrowhead
6662:Boomerang
6578:Granaries
6540:Terracing
6419:Stone Age
6318:Hong Kong
6272:Palestine
6197:Sri Lanka
6192:Singapore
6072:Indonesia
5869:Otokonoko
5837:Mythology
5749:Festivals
5672:Sexuality
5625:Languages
5598:Etiquette
5593:Education
5542:Transport
5354:Judiciary
5315:Elections
5225:Districts
5210:Addresses
5198:Geography
5172:Reiwa era
5102:Shōwa era
5016:Meiji era
5006:Bakumatsu
4929:Genkō War
4789:Education
4752:Overviews
4309:245508545
4301:2589-8833
4236:2513-843X
4141:2513-843X
4100:218649510
4084:0036-8075
4023:205166287
4007:1435-232X
3854:0918-7960
3810:0918-7960
3387:2045-2322
3302:: 71–85.
3218:1932-6203
3147:162258797
3040:143756517
2927:0305-4403
2832:0066-8435
2648:Mason, 13
2347:Antiquity
2335:Mason, 14
2242:163956846
2222:Antiquity
2164:Footnotes
2031:Jōmonzine
1835:autosomal
1807:Ryukyuans
1425:wild boar
1421:Sika deer
1398:chestnuts
1382:deciduous
1378:evergreen
1326:12,000 BC
1317:30,000 BC
1274:Kamegaoka
1243:Katsusaka
996:Incipient
941:sedentism
751:Religion
742:Geography
727:Education
722:Era names
352:Bakumatsu
291:Imjin War
251:Muromachi
230:Genkō War
220:Jōkyū War
8592:Iron Age
8560:Trialeti
8555:Colchian
7846:Rock art
7809:painting
7782:Geoglyph
7607:timeline
7587:Beadwork
7327:Mehrgarh
7322:Mudbrick
7230:megalith
7105:Fire-saw
6927:debitage
6922:analysis
6890:Hand axe
6870:Cupstone
6448:Glossary
6409:Timeline
6341:Category
6262:Abkhazia
6212:Thailand
6167:Pakistan
6147:Mongolia
6142:Maldives
6137:Malaysia
6037:Cambodia
5944:Category
5759:Folklore
5657:Religion
5630:Japanese
5603:Gambling
5413:Maritime
5294:Politics
5275:Villages
4956:Ōnin War
4799:Military
4784:Economic
4718:articles
4605:18348169
4576:17554758
4393:23575637
4254:37588351
4245:10427457
4159:37588377
4150:10427481
4092:32409524
4015:26178428
3962:23638014
3922:PLOS ONE
3897:cite web
3769:27581845
3681:22482036
3622:19424284
3579:16328082
3507:18 April
3405:31209235
3236:25192436
3188:PLOS ONE
3112:15212099
3061:: 17–36.
2840:42928448
2661:(1999).
2457:"縄文人の一生"
2383:(2010).
2367:17316841
2307:(2015),
2288:26510569
2141:Koshintō
2113:See also
2013:bonfire.
1942:Tibetans
1901:Hokkaido
1885:Hokkaido
1831:maternal
1827:paternal
1799:Japanese
1731:and the
1571:Magatama
1560:Magatama
1394:buckeyes
1386:Hokkaido
1363:Sakhalin
1359:Hokkaido
1280:Nagatake
1268:Fusenmon
1257:Kasori B
1246:Otamadai
1240:Kasori E
1232:Ukishima
1209:Ugashima
1188:Inaridai
1182:Botasawa
1027:typology
957:Japanese
890:and the
836:Timeline
826:Glossary
797:Post-war
792:Politics
782:Military
755:Buddhism
707:Currency
213:Kamakura
35:a series
33:Part of
8203:Symbols
7814:pigment
7700:Weaving
7663:Cardium
7658:Pottery
7653:Mirrors
7641:Jewelry
7582:Baskets
7562:culture
7414:Cistern
7220:Pyramid
7162:Weapons
7140:Scraper
7130:Racloir
7090:Cleaver
7078:Chopper
6984:Uniface
6895:Grooves
6885:Hafting
6843:Oldowan
6802:Systems
6753:Cascade
6716:woomera
6706:harpoon
6679:history
6645:Hunting
6625:Pottery
6566:Cooking
6475:Farming
6441:history
6414:Outline
6237:Vietnam
6152:Myanmar
6132:Lebanon
6062:Georgia
6017:Bahrain
6007:Armenia
5900:Theatre
5875:Origami
5802:Irezumi
5797:Ikebana
5764:Gardens
5739:Cuisine
5692:Culture
5677:Smoking
5613:Housing
5561:Society
5495:Economy
5438:Cabinet
5320:Emperor
5260:Regions
5245:Islands
5132:Postwar
5060:(noble)
4825:Ancient
4772:Shoguns
4744:History
4734:Outline
4613:8905568
4401:3094491
4373:Bibcode
4341:Sources
4220:: e19.
4174:bioRxiv
4125:: e13.
4064:Bibcode
4056:Science
3953:3637396
3930:Bibcode
3760:5285490
3672:3320058
3651:Bibcode
3536:6537211
3396:6572846
3367:Bibcode
3227:4156326
3196:Bibcode
3103:1693334
2986:: 74–77
2189:Shikoku
2038:Gallery
1954:Siberia
1897:alleles
1889:Okhotsk
1787:Niigata
1619:climate
1615:1500 BC
1549:region.
1519:Perilla
1507:soybean
1443:times.
1417:middens
1390:beeches
1374:Shikoku
1367:Siberia
1289:Shimono
1286:Nusamai
1226:Moroiso
1044:Pottery
1000:Initial
980:Ecuador
953:pottery
882:in the
831:History
770:Judaism
717:Economy
88:Periods
8535:Kurgan
8181:flutes
7976:Dolmen
7900:Burial
7710:winery
7683:Linear
7513:Midden
7491:Cursus
7484:Goseck
7344:Pueblo
7295:Dugout
7280:Burdei
6959:Mining
6783:Lamoka
6778:Folsom
6758:Clovis
6615:Metate
6593:Hearth
6561:Basket
6535:Sickle
6282:Taiwan
6217:Turkey
6182:Russia
6117:Kuwait
6097:Jordan
6087:Israel
6047:Cyprus
6032:Brunei
6027:Bhutan
5885:Shinto
5807:Kawaii
5784:Hanami
5769:Geisha
5729:Cinema
5724:Bonsai
5642:People
5608:Health
5527:Energy
5408:Ground
5265:Rivers
5220:Cities
5058:Kazoku
4758:Lists
4716:
4611:
4603:
4574:
4522:
4509:Aomori
4492:
4467:
4453:
4439:
4418:
4399:
4391:
4364:Nature
4354:
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4299:
4252:
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3852:
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3767:
3757:
3679:
3669:
3620:
3577:
3534:
3462:Scribd
3433:"ベレ出版"
3403:
3393:
3385:
3234:
3224:
3216:
3145:
3110:
3100:
3038:
3030:
2925:
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2365:
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2240:
1940:, and
1930:Tahara
1926:Tohoku
1861:, and
1809:, and
1755:Shinto
1747:Kan-on
1728:Kojiki
1655:900 BC
1617:, the
1613:After
1523:adzuki
1469:Bhutan
1437:Tigers
1413:salmon
1400:, and
1351:Ryukyu
1347:Taiwan
1339:Honshu
1330:Kyushu
1277:Maeura
1229:Okitsu
1206:Kayama
1194:Nojima
1062:(14th–
1008:Middle
949:sherds
807:Sports
775:Shinto
732:Empire
693:Topics
615:Heisei
461:Taishō
337:Sakoku
37:on the
8540:Koban
8098:sites
8042:Mummy
7762:Cairn
7678:Jōmon
7629:shoes
7624:Hides
7496:Henge
7450:Broch
7312:Jacal
7167:Wheel
7115:Knife
7061:Canoe
7056:Burin
7034:Blade
6932:flake
6793:Plano
6701:baton
6691:Spear
6657:Arrow
6610:Manos
6463:Tools
6323:Macau
6242:Yemen
6202:Syria
6177:Qatar
6157:Nepal
6092:Japan
6067:India
6057:Egypt
6042:China
5880:Sport
5863:Sentō
5859:Onsen
5842:Names
5832:Music
5827:Media
5793:Icons
5774:Games
5709:Manga
5705:Anime
5682:Women
5583:Crime
5517:Labor
5270:Towns
5250:Lakes
4804:Naval
4767:Clans
4729:Index
4714:Japan
4609:S2CID
4397:S2CID
4305:S2CID
4096:S2CID
4037:et al
4019:S2CID
3882:(PDF)
3292:(PDF)
3143:S2CID
3036:S2CID
3028:JSTOR
2976:(PDF)
2836:JSTOR
2363:S2CID
2238:S2CID
2218:(PDF)
2153:(私年号)
1977:Kofun
1851:D-M55
1820:Yayoi
1743:Go-on
1678:Yayoi
1530:peach
1343:Luzon
1265:Angyo
1185:Igusa
1072:Japan
1016:Final
1004:Early
961:Jōmon
787:Naval
765:Islam
658:Reiwa
493:Shōwa
378:Meiji
180:Heian
152:Asuka
138:Kofun
124:Yayoi
111:Jōmon
8316:BMAC
8191:gudi
7949:Cist
7878:list
7705:Wine
7634:Ötzi
7619:Glue
7592:Beds
7560:and
7558:Arts
7429:Well
7285:Cave
7215:Kiva
7145:side
7135:Rope
7083:tool
7017:bone
7007:Adze
6773:Eden
6686:Nets
6556:Fire
6520:Goad
6505:Celt
6162:Oman
6127:Laos
6082:Iraq
6077:Iran
5754:Flag
5743:wine
5470:list
5443:list
5347:LGBT
5325:list
4777:Wars
4762:Eras
4601:PMID
4572:PMID
4520:ISBN
4490:ISBN
4465:ISBN
4451:ISBN
4437:ISBN
4416:ISBN
4389:PMID
4352:ISBN
4297:ISSN
4250:PMID
4232:ISSN
4155:PMID
4137:ISSN
4088:PMID
4080:ISSN
4011:PMID
4003:ISSN
3958:PMID
3903:link
3850:ISSN
3806:ISSN
3765:PMID
3677:PMID
3618:PMID
3575:PMID
3532:PMID
3509:2017
3401:PMID
3383:ISSN
3232:PMID
3214:ISSN
3108:PMID
2992:2023
2958:2023
2923:ISSN
2828:ISSN
2801:2023
2696:ISBN
2669:ISBN
2524:ISBN
2497:ISBN
2436:ISBN
2391:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2284:PMID
2179:and
2007:Dogū
1919:and
1849:and
1847:C1a1
1811:Ainu
1764:yumi
1712:The
1687:and
1577:and
1569:The
1555:dogū
1547:Amur
1515:hemp
1499:and
1402:oaks
1361:and
1191:Mito
1148:bows
1012:Late
166:Nara
58:dogū
7300:Hut
7235:row
7066:Oar
7024:Axe
7012:Awl
6294:and
5910:Zen
5719:Art
5547:Yen
5418:Air
5366:Law
4593:doi
4564:doi
4560:133
4381:doi
4369:496
4287:doi
4240:PMC
4222:doi
4145:PMC
4127:doi
4072:doi
4060:369
3993:doi
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3938:doi
3840:doi
3836:129
3796:doi
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3755:PMC
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3708:doi
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