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293:). Although he arrived too late to obtain the prospective teaching position, John William established a laboratory in Christiansville. Here he conducted experiments and published eight papers before entering medical school. His sister Dorothy Catherine Draper provided finances through teaching drawing and painting for his medical education. In March 1836, he graduated from the
512:, dismissing ideas of harmony and presenting the history of science as "not a mere record of isolated discoveries; it is a narrative of the conflict of two contending powers, the expansive force of the human intellect on the one side, and the compression arising from traditional faith and human interests on the other." After outlining the origins of science in
520:
rhetoric, but also said that these "two rival divisions of the
Christian church" were "in accord on one point: to tolerate no science except such as they considered agreeable to the Scriptures", and both were liable to "theological odium". The book went through fifty printings in the United States
525:
has pointed to Draper's book as a source of popular misconceptions about historical conflict between science and religion, saying that it was "less of a dispassionate history, which it wasn't, than a screed against Roman
Catholics" motivated by personal animus at the behavior of his sister, a
443:
featured Draper's lecture on his paper "On the
Intellectual Development of Europe, considered with reference to the views of Mr. Darwin and others, that the progression of organisms is determined by law." Draper's presentation was an early example of applying a Darwinian metaphor of
317:, but sufficient funds were not available to go ahead with the project. In 1839, Draper was elected undergraduate professor of chemistry and botany at the university, and moved with his family to New York City . Once there he helped to found the
751:
Treatise on the Forces Which
Produce the Organization of Plants. With an Appendix Containing Several Memoirs on Capillary Attraction, Electricity, and the Chemical Action of Light. New York: Harper & Brothers,
1270:
2687:
333:
Daguerreotype from a group of portraits believed to have been made by Draper in 1839. It is one of the few early portraits which required the subject to keep his eyes closed due to the bright light.
150:, historian and photographer. He is credited with pioneering portrait photography (1839–40) and producing the first detailed photograph of the moon in 1840. He was also the first president of the
1689:
1471:
Miller, Lillian B., Frederick Voss, and
Jeannette M. Hussey. The Lazzaroni: Science and Scientists in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1972.
349:, and published Organization of Plants (1844), a textbook on Chemistry (1846), textbook on Natural Philosophy (1847), textbook on Physiology (1866), and Scientific Memoirs (1878) on
630:
founded the John W. Draper
Interdisciplinary Master's Program in Humanities and Social Thought (Draper Program) in honor of his lifelong commitment to interdisciplinary study.
1200:
395:
in 1840. Several copies were made of this picture in the 19th century, and the photograph attached with Draper's letter was also likely a copy made by Draper himself.
1682:
376:, captured landscape photographs. On or around September 23, he took one of the earliest daguerreotype portraits, which depicted his assistant, William Henry Goode.
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224:. His father often needed to move the family due to serving various congregations throughout England. John Wm. Draper was home tutored until 1822, when he entered
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1981:
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In 1847 he published the observation that all solids glow red at about the same temperature, about 977 °F (798 K), which has come to be known as the
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266:. There is dispute as to the identity of Antonia's mother. Around 1830, Antonia was sent with her brother Daniel to live with their aunt in London.
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2017:
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516:, Draper presented the development of Christianity as leading to repression of science. His argument, aimed at his fellow Protestants, employed
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Draper developed the proposition in 1842 that only light rays that are absorbed can produce chemical change. It came to be known as the
1586:
321:, acting as a professor there from 1840 to 1850, president of the school from 1850 to 1873, and as a professor of chemistry until 1881.
2742:
2672:
662:
Elements of
Chemistry, Including the Most Recent Discoveries and Applications of the Science to Medicine and Pharmacy, and to the Arts.
2707:
1381:
696:
Human
Physiology, Statistical and Dynamical; or, the Conditions and Course of the Life of Man. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1856.
509:
217:
170:
422:
1999:
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414:. In 1843 he made daguerreotypes of the solar spectrum that revealed new infra-red and ultra violet lines. In 1850 he was making
1208:
2657:
1542:
McManus, Howard R. "The Most Famous
Daguerreian Portrait: Exploring the History of the Dorothy Catherine Draper Daguerreotype,"
1362:
John W. Draper
Interdisciplinary Master's Program in Humanities and Social Thought | New York University | Draper Program | NYU
699:
Life of Franklin, Edited by Ronald S. Wilkinson. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977.
1433:
1183:
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and environment to social and political studies, but was thought to be long and boring. The hall was crowded to hear Bishop
379:
Throughout 1839 and 1840, Draper focused on solving the challenge of creating daguerreotype portraits. He collaborated with
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638:
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Following his father's death in July 1831, John William's mother was urged to move with her children to the US state of
1646:
New York University John W. Draper Interdisciplinary Master's Program in Humanities and Social Thought (Draper Program)
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and in spring 1840 operated a daguerreotype studio, one of the earliest of its kind, in a building on the roof of the
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596:
485:
529:
Draper was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1844. He served as the first president of the
1648:
1488:
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process. Once the details of the process arrived in America in late September 1839, Draper, now a professor at
216:(August 6, 1807 – December 10, 1901), Elizabeth Johnson, and Sarah Ripley. On June 23, he was baptized by the
1233:
654:
561:
193:
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857:"The Most Famous Daguerreian Portrait: Exploring the History of the Dorothy Catherine Draper Daguerreotype,"
1323:
1319:
1073:
592:
534:
440:
286:
20:
1551:
McManus, Howard R. "Into the Light: John William Draper and the Earliest American Photographic Portraits."
722:
Science in America: Inaugural address of Dr. John W. Draper, as president of the American Chemical Society
2627:
1719:
779:
263:
1451:
Hentschel, Klaus (2002). "Why not one more Imponderable?: John William Draper and his `Tithonic rays'".
975:
2727:
2647:
1880:
707:
620:
391:, and one of those pictures (see image) became known to the public via the letter which Draper sent to
361:
298:
1628:
881:
Wickliff, Gregory A. "John William Draper's Experiments in Light, Photography, and Photolithography".
1916:
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1850:
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1385:
1298:
634:
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233:
229:
151:
100:
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The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality
733:
Text-Book on Chemistry. For the Use of Schools and Colleges. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1851,
683:
406:
In March 1840 Draper became the second person to produce photographs of an astronomical object, the
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1312:
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1558:. The Photographic Journal (Royal Photographic Society), December 1970, vol. 110, pp. 478–482
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In 1837, Draper accepted an appointment to be head of chemistry in a proposed medical school at
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243:
On September 13, 1831, John William Draper married Antonia Caetana de Paiva Pereira Gardner (
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On the idiosyncratic interpretation of the action of what Draper called "Tithonic rays" see
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2011:
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954:
604:
492:
Contributions to the discipline of history: Draper is well known also as the author of
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255:
80:
1555:
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Scientific Memoirs; Being Experimental Contributions to a Knowledge of Radiant Energy.
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1946:
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1421:
1111:
411:
1476:
Science, Religion, and the Protestant Tradition: Retracing the Origins of Conflict
739:
671:
477:
Copy of a photograph of Dorothy Catherine Draper (1807-1901) taken by John Draper
146:(May 5, 1811 – January 4, 1882) was an English scientist, philosopher, physician,
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In the spring of 1839, Draper, with years of experience in photochemistry, took
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1987:
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177:
118:
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2339:
2262:
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when his name was teamed with a prior but apparently unknown promulgator
209:
1382:"John W. Draper and the Founding of the American Chemical Society, 1876"
677:
653:
Draper wrote a number of books and articles for magazines and journals (
504:(1874). The last book listed is among the most influential works on the
2581:
1856:
445:
418:
and engaged his son, Henry (then 13 years old), into their production.
290:
258:. Antonia was born in Brazil after the royal family fled Portugal with
1645:
1620:
John W. Draper and the Founding of the American Chemical Society, 1876
1361:
1094:
Norman, Daniel (1938). "The Development of Astronomical Photography".
1021:
The Early American Daguerreotype: Cross-Currents in Art and Technology
37:
274:
2688:
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni
1115:
357:
302:
270:
259:
1561:
1254:
Myths and Truths in Science and Religion: A historical perspective
508:, which takes its name from Draper's title. His book examined the
188:(Antonia's younger sister), was a paleontologist. His eldest son,
473:
402:
The earliest surviving daguerreotype of the Moon by Draper (1840)
212:
clergyman, and Sarah (Ripley) Draper. He also had three sisters,
173:. It was widely read and was translated into several languages.
147:
368:
with the results and decided to wait for the publication of the
1697:
496:(1862), applying the methods of physical science to history, a
273:. John William hoped to acquire a teaching position at a local
462:, and the occasion was a historically significant part of the
668:
and John William Draper. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1842.
250:–1870), the daughter of Daniel Gardner, a court physician to
1230:"Letter 2852 — Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., 2 July 1860"
407:
228:. He returned to home instruction (1826) prior to entering
1161:(338). London: Robert Scott Walker: 408. October 26, 1878.
521:
alone, and was translated into ten languages. Professor
913:
889:
678:
History of the Conflict Between Religion and Science.
494:
The History of the Intellectual Development of Europe
208:, Lancashire, England, to John Christopher Draper, a
704:
History of the Conflict between Religion and Science
502:
History of the Conflict between Religion and Science
289:, 7 miles (11 km) east of Christiansville (now
163:
History of the Conflict between Religion and Science
1478:. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019.
901:
1420:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
862:
684:History of the Intellectual Development of Europe.
236:, Draper studied chemistry under the direction of
1658:Draper Chemical Society: The NYU Chemical Society
1629:Dorothy Catherine Draper, taken by John W. Draper
1615:Harper's Magazine articles by John William Draper
484:. Plate size: 8.3Ă—10.2 cm (3 1/4Ă—4 in). See also
2619:
1663:National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
1418:John William Draper and the Religion of Science
1175:Radiation heat transfer: a statistical approach
746:Thoughts on the Future Civil Policy of America.
1371:. Draper.fas.nyu.edu. Retrieved on 2011-09-05.
748:3rd ed. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1867.
724:New York: J.F. Trow & Son, Printers, 1876.
526:Catholic nun, regarding the death of his son.
1683:
1374:
1198:
1049:. Munn & Company. 1882-01-14. p. 16.
595:, at the age of 70. The funeral was held at
295:University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
204:John William Draper was born May 5, 1811, in
1636:- The Metropolitan Museum of Art Collections
1562:John William Draper family papers, 1777-1951
1556:THE DAGUERREOTYPE PORTRAIT OF DOROTHY DRAPER
767:
765:
2663:Presidents of the American Chemical Society
1295:"ACS President: John W. Draper (1811-1882)"
1246:
1222:
1201:"Huxley, Wilberforce and the Oxford Museum"
1171:
976:"Who Made the First Photographic Portrait?"
591:He died on January 4, 1882, at his home in
1690:
1676:
959:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
36:
2703:People educated at Woodhouse Grove School
1450:
1410:Memoir of John William Draper: 1811–1882.
1137:
1018:
859:The Daguerreian Annual 1995, pp. 148–171.
762:
674:New York: Harper & Brothers, 1867–70.
510:relationship between religion and science
171:relationship between religion and science
2733:People from Mecklenburg County, Virginia
1178:(3rd ed.). Wiley-IEEE. p. 58.
935:Memoir of John William Draper. 1811-1882
633:In 2001, Draper and the founding of the
578:
472:
397:
328:
19:For other people named John Draper, see
1571:Draper Family Collection, ca. 1826–1936
1415:
919:
907:
895:
874:
868:
686:New York: Harper & Brothers, 1863,
387:. Draper also photographed his sister,
345:possible by his improvements (1839) on
297:. That same year, he began teaching at
184:, were astronomers. His granddaughter,
2678:English emigrants to the United States
2620:
1093:
1087:
1059:
1053:
973:
931:
925:
808:
806:
771:
742:New York: Harper & Brothers, 1847.
730:New York: Harper & Brothers, 1878.
706:. Henry S. King & Co (reissued by
615:In 1975, Draper's house, known as the
156:New York University School of Medicine
1671:
1606:Works by or about John William Draper
169:proposing intrinsic hostility in the
64:, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom
2653:Historians of the American Civil War
1624:National Historic Chemical Landmarks
932:Barker, George F. (April 21, 1886).
880:
851:
849:
847:
2718:19th-century American photographers
2683:Alumni of University College London
1587:Draper Family Collection, 1836–1982
1582:National Museum of American History
803:
639:National Historic Chemical Landmark
599:in New York City. He was buried in
13:
2713:19th-century American male writers
672:History of the American Civil War.
319:New York University Medical School
14:
2759:
2743:American male non-fiction writers
2673:People from St Helens, Merseyside
1482:
1352:New York Times, January 11, 1882.
941:. Read before the Natural Academy
844:
558:Virginia Draper Maury (1839–1885)
498:History of the American Civil War
337:Draper did important research in
2708:19th-century American historians
1416:Fleming, Donald Harnish (1950).
1343:New York Times, January 5, 1882.
996:
740:Text-Book on Natural Philosophy.
570:Antonia Draper Dixon (1849–1923)
1640:NYU First Medical Faculty, 1841
1355:
1346:
1337:
1263:
1199:Keith Thomson (May–June 2000).
1192:
1165:
1143:
1130:
1037:
1012:
990:
980:American Journal of Photography
967:
648:
619:, in Hastings was designated a
533:in 1876. He was elected to the
285:In 1832, the family settled in
154:(1876–77) and a founder of the
2698:Hampden–Sydney College faculty
2668:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
1642:J.W. Draper lower right corner
1320:"National Academy of Sciences"
818:
702:Draper, John William. (1875).
597:St Mark's Church in-the-Bowery
1:
2658:British historians of science
1234:Darwin Correspondence Project
1207:. p. 210. Archived from
756:
478:
364:in Virginia. However, he was
244:
199:
1597:Works by John William Draper
1532:Resources in other libraries
1508:Resources in other libraries
1324:National Academy of Sciences
1074:Chemical Heritage Foundation
815:. The Notable Names Database
680:New York: D. Appleton, 1874.
593:Hastings-on-Hudson, New York
535:National Academy of Sciences
500:(3 vols., 1867–1870), and a
470:'s response to Wilberforce.
441:1860 Oxford evolution debate
287:Mecklenburg County, Virginia
42:John William Draper, c. 1879
21:John Draper (disambiguation)
16:British-academic (1811–1882)
7:
2723:American religious skeptics
2693:New York University faculty
1151:"Science: Draper's Memoirs"
780:University of Chicago Press
540:
464:reaction to Darwin's theory
308:
280:
161:One of Draper's books, the
10:
2764:
1408:Barker, George Frederick.
1402:
1066:Chemical Heritage Magazine
708:Cambridge University Press
621:National Historic Landmark
567:William Draper (1845–1853)
429:of the same idea in 1817.
105:University of Pennsylvania
18:
2451:
2290:
2129:
1974:
1843:
1768:Charles Anthony Goessmann
1706:
1700:American Chemical Society
1527:Resources in your library
1503:Resources in your library
1386:American Chemical Society
1299:American Chemical Society
772:Reuben, Julie A. (1996).
635:American Chemical Society
610:
531:American Chemical Society
456:'s recent publication of
234:University College London
230:University College London
192:, was a chemist; and son
180:, and his granddaughter,
152:American Chemical Society
128:
110:
101:University College London
96:
88:
83:, New York, United States
69:
47:
35:
28:
2748:Historians from Virginia
2738:Scientists from Virginia
2608:, President Elect (2025)
1453:Foundations of Chemistry
1260:Archived 11 October 2017
974:Draper, John W. (1858).
617:Henry Draper Observatory
585:Henry Draper Observatory
574:
514:ancient Greek philosophy
459:On the Origin of Species
389:Dorothy Catherine Draper
347:Louis Daguerre's process
214:Dorothy Catherine Draper
1465:10.1023/A:1014443008465
1412:Washington, D.C., 1886.
883:Daguerreian Annual 2011
830:Engineering News-record
657:). His books include:
547:John Christopher Draper
439:On Saturday 30 May the
410:, considered the first
324:
238:Edward Turner (chemist)
190:John Christopher Draper
2486:William F. Carroll Jr.
2346:Warren D. Niederhauser
2179:Clifford F. Rassweiler
1726:Samuel William Johnson
1545:The Daguerreian Annual
1516:By John William Draper
1019:Gillespie, S. (2016).
588:
489:
403:
362:Hampden Sydney College
334:
299:Hampden–Sydney College
226:Woodhouse Grove School
2570:Bonnie A. Charpentier
2528:Bassam Z. Shakhashiri
2328:Albert C. Zettlemoyer
2233:Charles G. Overberger
1982:George D. Rosengarten
1881:William F. Hillebrand
1426:10.9783/9781512801705
1062:"Across the Spectrum"
1060:Kalfus, Skye (2010).
582:
476:
401:
332:
2492:Elizabeth Ann Nalley
1917:Theodore W. Richards
1474:Ungureanu, James C.
1275:search.amphilsoc.org
1271:"APS Member History"
1172:J. R. Mahan (2002).
423:Grotthuss–Draper law
343:portrait photography
123:Grotthuss–Draper law
2606:Dorothy J. Phillips
2558:Allison A. Campbell
2275:Bernard S. Friedman
2102:W. Albert Noyes Jr.
2066:William Lloyd Evans
1911:Arthur Dehon Little
1780:Charles F. Chandler
1744:Charles F. Chandler
1591:New York University
1566:Library of Congress
1494:John William Draper
1108:1938Osir....5..560N
1046:Scientific American
855:Howard R. McManus,
813:John William Draper
643:New York University
628:New York University
601:Green-Wood Cemetery
468:Thomas Henry Huxley
385:New York University
374:New York University
315:New York University
252:John VI of Portugal
196:, a meteorologist.
144:John William Draper
30:John William Draper
2628:Astrophotographers
2546:Diane Grob Schmidt
2388:S. Allen Heininger
2358:George C. Pimentel
2215:Maurice H. Arveson
2185:John C. Bailar Jr.
2161:Joel H. Hildebrand
2149:Farrington Daniels
2120:Ernest H. Volwiler
2084:Thomas Midgley Jr.
2042:Edward R. Weidlein
2012:Lawrence V. Redman
1965:James Flack Norris
1953:Edward C. Franklin
1935:William H. Nichols
1899:Wilder D. Bancroft
1875:Francis P. Venable
1798:George C. Caldwell
1762:Albert B. Prescott
1738:Frederick A. Genth
1698:Presidents of the
1651:2012-04-24 at the
1576:2014-04-09 at the
1367:2012-04-24 at the
1205:American Scientist
637:were designated a
605:Brooklyn, New York
589:
583:The Draper House (
490:
466:due to reports of
450:Samuel Wilberforce
404:
335:
256:Charlotte of Spain
232:in 1829. While at
218:Wesleyan Methodist
165:, popularised the
81:Hastings-on-Hudson
2728:Secular humanists
2648:American chemists
2615:
2614:
2498:Catherine T. Hunt
2462:Attila E. Pavlath
2376:Clayton F. Callis
2281:William J. Bailey
2227:William J. Sparks
2173:Roger J. Williams
2108:Charles A. Thomas
2048:Frank C. Whitmore
2000:William McPherson
1893:Willis R. Whitney
1887:Marston T. Bogert
1869:Arthur Amos Noyes
1834:William McMurtrie
1822:Charles E. Munroe
1816:Charles B. Dudley
1720:J. Lawrence Smith
1601:Project Gutenberg
1489:Library resources
1435:978-1-5128-0169-9
1185:978-0-471-21270-6
1023:. The MIT Press.
832:. January 7, 1882
789:978-0-226-71020-4
716:978-1-108-00069-7
688:1900 edition, v.1
427:Theodor Grotthuss
141:
140:
2755:
2588:Angela K. Wilson
2564:Peter K. Dorhout
2540:Thomas J. Barton
2522:Nancy B. Jackson
2516:Joseph Francisco
2504:Bruce E. Bursten
2480:Charles P. Casey
2430:Paul H.L. Walter
2424:Paul S. Anderson
2412:Brian M. Rushton
2370:Gordon L. Nelson
2322:James D. D'Ianni
2316:Gardner W. Stacy
2310:Anna J. Harrison
2298:Glenn T. Seaborg
2245:Wallace R. Brode
2239:Robert W. Cairns
2221:Charles C. Price
2143:Edgar C. Britton
2137:N. Howell Funnan
2054:Charles A. Kraus
2024:Charles L. Reese
1959:Leo H. Baekeland
1947:Edgar Fahs Smith
1941:William A. Noyes
1929:Julius Stieglitz
1923:Charles H. Herty
1828:Edward W. Morley
1810:Edgar Fahs Smith
1792:George F. Barker
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2155:Harry L. Fisher
2125:
2072:Harry N. Holmes
1994:Irving Langmuir
1970:
1905:Alexander Smith
1851:Frank W. Clarke
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1804:Harvey W. Wiley
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1578:Wayback Machine
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454:Charles Darwin
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2251:Byron Riegel
2209:Henry Eyring
2203:Karl Folkers
1863:John H. Long
1713:
1544:
1522:Online books
1515:
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1452:
1417:
1389:. Retrieved
1376:
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1327:. Retrieved
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1289:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:
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1237:. Retrieved
1224:
1213:. Retrieved
1209:the original
1194:
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1077:. Retrieved
1069:
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1002:. Retrieved
992:
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969:
945:11 September
943:. Retrieved
934:
927:
920:Fleming 1950
915:
910:, p. 8.
908:Fleming 1950
903:
896:Fleming 1950
891:
882:
876:
869:Fleming 1950
864:
834:. Retrieved
829:
820:
795:23 September
793:. Retrieved
774:
735:1861 edition
703:
652:
649:Publications
632:
625:
614:
590:
553:Henry Draper
528:
501:
497:
493:
491:
486:another copy
457:
452:'s views on
438:
434:Draper point
431:
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405:
381:Samuel Morse
378:
366:dissatisfied
355:
336:
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242:
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178:Henry Draper
175:
162:
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143:
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119:Draper point
75:(1882-01-04)
2643:1882 deaths
2638:1811 births
2340:Fred Basolo
2263:Max Tishler
2030:Roger Adams
1634:Moon - 1840
1459:(1): 5–59.
1444:j.ctv5134fn
1155:The Academy
1102:: 560–594.
666:Robert Kane
564:(1841–1931)
555:(1837–1882)
549:(1835–1885)
482: 1840
248: 1814
89:Nationality
58:May 5, 1811
2622:Categories
2582:H.N. Cheng
1857:Ira Remsen
1280:2021-04-12
1239:2010-06-22
1215:2010-06-22
826:"Personal"
757:References
446:adaptation
291:Chase City
206:St. Helens
200:Early life
62:St. Helens
54:1811-05-05
2291:1976–2000
2130:1951–1975
1975:1926–1950
1844:1901–1925
1707:1876–1900
1252:Numbers "
1124:143548845
997:Beck, B.
986:(1): 2–6.
955:cite book
626:In 1976,
537:in 1877.
358:Talbotype
277:college.
275:Methodist
220:minister
176:His son,
1649:Archived
1593:Archives
1574:Archived
1365:Archived
1079:23 March
836:16 March
710:, 2009;
541:Children
309:New York
303:Virginia
281:Virginia
271:Virginia
264:invasion
260:Napoleon
210:Wesleyan
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1608:at the
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1403:Sources
1391:June 5,
1304:June 5,
1104:Bibcode
341:, made
148:chemist
92:British
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611:Legacy
136:(1875)
129:Awards
2452:2001–
1440:JSTOR
1120:S2CID
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939:(PDF)
752:1844.
575:Death
1430:ISBN
1393:2012
1331:2015
1306:2012
1180:ISBN
1081:2018
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1006:2023
961:link
947:2014
838:2021
797:2013
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