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legislation, Pemberton had to produce a non-alcoholic alternative to his French Wine Coca. Pemberton relied on
Atlanta drugstore owner-proprietor Willis E. Venable to test, and help him perfect, the recipe for the beverage, which he formulated by trial and error. With Venable's assistance, Pemberton
485:
Soon after Coca-Cola hit the market, Pemberton fell ill and nearly bankrupt. Sick and desperate, he began selling rights to his formula to his business partners in
Atlanta. Part of his motivation to sell was that he still suffered from expensive continuing morphine addiction. Pemberton had a hunch
486:
that his formula "someday will be a national drink," so he attempted to retain a share of the ownership to leave to his son. However, Pemberton's son wanted the money, so in 1888, Pemberton and his son sold the remaining portion of the patent to a fellow
Atlanta pharmacist,
464:
on the bottles and ads. Pemberton made many health claims for his product, touting it as a "valuable brain tonic" that would cure headaches, relieve exhaustion, and calm nerves, and marketed it as "delicious, refreshing, pure joy, exhilarating", and "invigorating".
268:. In an attempt to curb his addiction he began to experiment with various painkillers and toxins. The development of an earlier beverage blending alcohol and cocaine led to the recipe that later was adapted to make Coca-Cola.
295:, and in 1850, at the age of nineteen, he earned his medical degree. His main talent was chemistry. After initially practicing some medicine and surgery, Pemberton opened a drug store in Columbus.
513:
at age 57 in August 1888. At the time of his death, he also suffered from poverty and his worsening addiction to morphine. His body was returned to
Columbus, Georgia, where he was buried at
413:" among "highly-strung" Southern women, Pemberton's "medicine" was advertised as particularly beneficial for "ladies, and all those whose sedentary employment causes nervous prostration".
1190:
841:
401:
According to Coca-Cola historian Phil Mooney, Pemberton's world-famous soda was created in
Columbus, Georgia and carried to Atlanta. With public concern about drug addiction,
257:. On May 8, 1886, he developed an early version of a beverage that would later become Coca-Cola, but sold the rights to the drink shortly before his death in 1888.
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288:
1175:
368:-free alternatives. His first recipe was "Dr. Tuggle's Compound Syrup of Globe Flower", in which the active ingredient was derived from the buttonbush (
452:
sound, which was popular among other wine medicines of the time. Although the name refers to the two main ingredients, because of controversy over its
444:
by accident when trying to make another glassful of the beverage. Pemberton decided then to sell this as a fountain drink rather than a medicine.
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525:. His son Charles continued to sell his father's formula, but six years later Charles Pemberton himself died, having succumbed to
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Standing in the open doorway to the pharmacy, atop the stoop, is John
Pemberton in April 1888 at 47 Peachtree Street, Atlanta.
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105:
672:
342:
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Restored
America: A Tour Guide: the Preserved Towns, Villages, and Historic City Districts of the United States and Canada
338:
1019:
311:
1039:
Schoenberg, B S (1988), "Coke's the one: the centennial of the 'ideal brain tonic' that became a symbol of
America",
980:
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941:
395:
31:
1012:
For God, country, and Coca-Cola: the unauthorized of the great
American soft drink and the company that makes it
17:
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in Macon. They were married in
Columbus in 1853. Their only child, Charles Nay Pemberton, was born in 1854.
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In 1866, seeking a cure for his addiction, he began to experiment with painkillers that would serve as
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402:
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898:"Is This the Real Thing? Coca-Cola's Secret Formula "Discovered" by This American Life – TIME.com"
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This article is about the American druggist. For other people named John Pemberton, see
668:"National Register Information System – Pemberton House (#71000283)"
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A Guide to Pharmacy Museums and Historical Collections in the United States and Canada
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later said that the name was "meaningless but fanciful". Robinson handwrote the
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490:, for $ 300 (USD), which in 2022 purchasing power is equal to $ 9,372.88 (USD).
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700:"Richard Gardiner, "The Civil War Origin of Coca-Cola in Columbus, Georgia",
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In April 1865, Pemberton sustained a sabre wound to the chest during the
517:. His grave marker is engraved with symbols showing his service in the
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133:
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Hasegawa, Guy (March 1, 2000), "Pharmacy in the American Civil War",
1043:, vol. 81, no. 1 (published January 1988), pp. 69–74,
383:
254:
144:
1063:
King, M M (1987), "Dr. John S. Pemberton: originator of Coca-Cola",
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in Columbus, a home of historic significance which was added to the
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He suffered from a sabre wound sustained in April 1865, during the
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249:(July 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was an American pharmacist and
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Restored towns and historic districts of America: a tour guide
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375:
365:
326:, known to her friends as "Cliff", who had been a student at
379:
386:, eventually creating a recipe that contained extracts of
284:. His parents were James C. Pemberton and Martha L. Gant.
302:, Pemberton served in the Third Cavalry Battalion of the
1191:
People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War
916:"Coca-Cola's Dr. Pemberton May Not Be 'The Real Thing!'"
702:
Muscogiana: Journal of the Muscogee Genealogical Society
545:
1014:(2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books. pp. 34–46.
1126:
The Chronicle Of Coca-Cola: Birth of a Refreshing Idea
942:"The Birth of a Refreshing Idea - News & Articles"
27:
American pharmacist, inventor of Coca-Cola (1831–1888)
774:
Jeremy Agnew, Alcohol and Opium in the Old West, 173.
429:
worked out a set of directions for its preparation.
618:
King, Monroe M. "John Stith Pemberton (1831–1888)."
964:
962:
884:American Soft Drink and the Company that Makes It,
636:, Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy, 1999, pp. 23–24
264:. His efforts to control his chronic pain led to
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959:
1181:Deaths from stomach cancer in the United States
1000:
886:Basic Books: enlarged 2nd edition (2000), p.24.
468:
1083:, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 457–489,
546:Rome Area History Museum (December 1, 2014).
253:veteran who is best known as the inventor of
1101:, American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
1067:, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 85–89,
306:, which was at that time a component of the
1006:
968:
874:University of Missouri Press (2099), p.171.
322:He met Ann Eliza Clifford "Cliff" Lewis of
1176:Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)
1081:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
1038:
996:U.S. Inflation Rate, $ 300 in 1888 to 2022
448:came up with the name "Coca-Cola" for the
49:
1088:
622:. June 13, 2017. Web. September 11, 2017.
230:
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896:Adams, William Lee (February 15, 2011).
497:
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431:
378:plant. He next began experimenting with
276:Pemberton was born on July 8, 1831, in
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1010:(2000). "The tangled chain of title".
650:, American Legacy Press, 1979, p. 135
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280:, and spent most of his childhood in
1186:People from Crawford County, Georgia
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972:For youth God, Country and Coca-Cola
969:Pendergrast, Mark (March 17, 2000).
889:
673:National Register of Historic Places
625:
600:from the original on October 5, 2023
343:National Register of Historic Places
1201:Inventors from Georgia (U.S. state)
731:Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography,
660:
24:
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918:. October 27, 2012. Archived from
573:
552:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 47.
25:
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1161:19th-century American pharmacists
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357:. He soon became addicted to the
289:Reform Medical College of Georgia
125:Reform Medical College of Georgia
1171:Confederate States Army officers
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1049:10.1097/00007611-198801000-00015
816:meth: An Unauthorized Biography,
317:
1156:19th-century American inventors
989:
934:
908:
877:
864:
834:
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793:
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767:
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502:The grave of John Pemberton in
440:He blended the base syrup with
209:Third Cavalry Battalion of the
32:John Pemberton (disambiguation)
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722:
704:(Spring 2012), Vol. 23: 21–24"
692:
612:
539:
481:, commemorating John Pemberton
13:
1:
532:
271:
469:Pemberton sells the business
396:Pemberton's French Wine Coca
7:
975:. Basic Books. p. 34.
10:
1217:
310:. He achieved the rank of
29:
827:Richard Davenport-Hines,
763:(Morris Books, 2011), 36.
744:Richard Davenport-Hines,
409:among war veterans, and "
371:Cephalanthus occidentalis
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946:www.coca-colacompany.com
842:"Tim Chitwood, Columbus
829:The Pursuit of Oblivion,
818:Macmillan (2003), p. 80.
746:The Pursuit of Oblivion,
733:Macmillan (2003), p. 80.
632:George B. Griffenhagen,
620:New Georgia Encyclopedia
549:Legendary Locals of Rome
521:and his membership as a
493:
154:Ann Eliza Clifford Lewis
787:They Laughed at Galileo
361:used to ease his pain.
345:on September 28, 1971.
251:Confederate States Army
182:Confederate States Army
831:Norton (2004), p. 152.
761:It Happened in Atlanta
748:Norton (2004), p. 152.
656:, Dutton, 1979, p. 135
506:
482:
437:
287:Pemberton entered the
55:Pemberton, before 1888
1131:The Coca-Cola Company
1090:10.1093/ajhp/57.5.475
814:Dominic Streatfeild,
729:Dominic Streatfeild,
678:National Park Service
501:
476:
458:The Coca-Cola Company
435:
188:Years of service
162:Charles Nay Pemberton
1121:at Wikimedia Commons
922:on November 18, 2012
852:on November 10, 2012
593:Lemelson-MIT Program
509:Pemberton died from
446:Frank Mason Robinson
247:John Stith Pemberton
1196:American Freemasons
1065:Pharmacy in History
870:John Shelton Reed,
304:Georgia State Guard
211:Georgia State Guard
872:Minding The South,
507:
488:Asa Griggs Candler
483:
479:Knoxville, Georgia
438:
394:, which he called
355:Battle of Columbus
349:Founding Coca-Cola
312:lieutenant colonel
300:American Civil War
278:Knoxville, Georgia
266:morphine addiction
262:Battle of Columbus
226:Battle of Columbus
221:American Civil War
200:Lieutenant Colonel
75:Knoxville, Georgia
1117:Media related to
1008:Pendergrast, Mark
710:on March 25, 2014
559:978-1-4396-4867-4
504:Columbus, Georgia
462:Spencerian script
324:Columbus, Georgia
244:
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106:Old City Cemetery
16:(Redirected from
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1166:Coca-Cola people
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588:"John Pemberton"
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519:Confederate Army
515:Linwood Cemetery
442:carbonated water
333:They lived in a
328:Wesleyan College
308:Confederate Army
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1033:Further reading
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1107:External links
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949:. Retrieved
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920:the original
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854:. Retrieved
850:the original
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712:. Retrieved
708:the original
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684:December 20,
682:. Retrieved
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604:December 20,
602:. Retrieved
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563:. Retrieved
548:
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484:
450:alliterative
439:
415:
411:neurasthenia
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369:
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246:
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217:Battles/wars
143:Inventor of
88:(1888-08-16)
71:July 8, 1831
36:
1151:1888 deaths
1146:1831 births
856:October 16,
529:addiction.
298:During the
112:Nationality
1140:Categories
533:References
477:A sign in
456:content,
426:temperance
407:alcoholism
403:depression
384:coca wines
272:Background
134:Biochemist
130:Occupation
67:1831-07-08
926:March 23,
802:Enquirer,
800:Columbus
714:March 25,
565:March 23,
523:Freemason
335:Victorian
255:Coca-Cola
191:1861–1865
145:Coca-Cola
122:Education
1099:10711530
1073:11621277
902:TIME.com
790:, p. 184
598:Archived
424:enacted
388:kola nut
366:morphine
359:morphine
176:Service/
159:Children
116:American
1057:3276011
454:cocaine
418:Atlanta
392:damiana
228: (
94:Atlanta
1097:
1071:
1055:
1018:
979:
556:
405:, and
178:branch
151:Spouse
77:, U.S.
527:opium
494:Death
376:toxic
374:), a
1095:PMID
1069:PMID
1053:PMID
1016:ISBN
977:ISBN
953:2020
928:2020
858:2013
716:2014
686:2018
606:2018
567:2020
554:ISBN
420:and
390:and
382:and
380:coca
206:Unit
196:Rank
83:Died
61:Born
1129:at
1085:doi
1045:doi
291:in
231:WIA
1142::
1093:,
1051:,
961:^
944:.
900:.
676:.
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596:.
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575:^
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314:.
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1024:.
985:.
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65:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
