759:
these men were killed in battle and 8 others later died of their wounds. Most of these men are buried in
Andersonville National Cemetery. The Confederate casualties numbered 151, of whom many are buried in Columbus at Linwood Cemetery. Another 1,600 Confederate prisoners were rounded up and incarcerated in a makeshift Union prison camp. The Union army entirely destroyed the Confederate manufacturing facilities in both Columbus, Georgia and Girard (now Phenix City), Alabama. Collateral damage on either side of the Chattahoochee River was rather extensive as well. For days after the battle, "the flames that consumed the warehouses and factories in the Chattahoochee Valley marked the end of the war." The Union cavalry vanguard departed Columbus on the 18th of April.
864:, that the Battle of Columbus was the "closing conflict of the war." In 1868, General Wilson gave a speech to a soldier's reunion, wherein he detailed the Battle of Columbus and concluded "the last battle had been fought." In 1913 Wilson wrote that there were "no grounds left for doubting that 'Columbus was the last battle of the war.'" General Edward F. Winslow wrote, "I have always considered that engagement, by the number present and the results achieved, to be the final battle of the war." Colonel Theodore Allen wrote, "It is true that there was some desultory fighting and scrapping after the battle at Columbus, Georgia, but nothing of sufficient size to entitle it to the name of a battle."
150:
136:
380:
605:'s division launched an attack on the lower (southern) bridge. Meeting very little resistance, they thought they would cross the bridge and take Columbus relatively easily. Upton remarked, "Columbus is ours without a shot being fired." But this was a trap. Confederates removed the planks on the east side of the bridge to halt the Federals and allow the Confederates to burn the bridge filled with soldiers. Recognizing the peril, Upton was forced to retreat. It seemed that the Confederates might be able to defend Columbus.
337:
1889:
625:
501:
609:
1899:
675:
578:
574:, master builder and legislator. In 1807, King was born into slavery but through hard work, he earned his freedom and became one of the most respected bridge builders in the South. Affectionately known as Horace “The Bridge Builder” King and the "Prince of Bridge Builders", he emerged from the Civil War as a legislator in the State of Alabama.
758:
A review of the hospital records of the Battle of
Columbus reveal the actual number of casualties incurred were considerably higher than previously reported. While the initial Union casualty list reported by General Wilson indicated a loss of 25 men during the assault, the actual number was 60. 10 of
897:
Bellware said that the report had numerous factual errors, has no date and credits no author calling into question its attribution to the
Department of the Interior. The report argues that the engagement in Columbus, which included major generals and thousands of combatants on both sides, does not
1240:
and several other small actions took place later than the
Columbus Battle. But these took place after President Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10, 1865. Together with Lee's surrender, many historian consider this the end of the Confederate government and therefore, the end of the war. Other
690:
into
Georgia. At the same time, Winslow's brigade was eager to get across the upper bridge before it too might be set afire by the Confederates. Side by side, both Union and Confederate soldiers raced across the bridge to Columbus. It was too dark, however, for either to see who was who. Though
559:
that connected Girard to
Columbus. Cobb had the advantage of knowing that Wilson would have to concentrate on these two narrow locations in order to capture Columbus. Cobb also wanted to keep the high ground in Girard out of Wilson's clutch, lest he have a convenient perch to bombard Columbus.
513:
898:
rise to the level of a battle. However, it concludes that
Palmito Ranch, a much smaller engagement with colonels commanding and a few hundred combatants, should be ranked as the last battle of the war. The report refers to former Confederate President Jefferson Davis's account in his book
698:
commanded two cannon on the
Georgia side of the upper bridge. They were loaded with canister and aimed to bring down those making their way through the covered bridge. But, knowing that the soldiers running across the bridge were a mix of Union and Confederates, Toombs held his fire.
490:
The public is hereby notified of the rapid approach of the enemy, but assured that the city of
Columbus will be defended to the last. Judging from experience it is believed that the city will be shelled. Notice is, therefore, given to all non-combatants to move away immediately.
316:
as a major
Confederate manufacturing center. He exploited enemy confusion when troops from both sides crowded on to the same bridge in the dark, and the garrison withheld its cannon fire. Next morning, Wilson laid waste to the city and took many prisoners.
893:
paper. She suggested that this status was based on myth, according to a 45-page report prepared by the Department of the Interior in 1934. In 2015 Daniel Bellware rebutted her account in his article "How Columbus Lost the Last Battle of the Civil War."
1286:
594:, April 16, 1865, Wilson's raiders arrived at Girard, and the fighting began. Wilson also sent a detachment north of Columbus to West Point, Georgia, to cross the Chattahoochee River there. West Point was defended by the garrison at Fort Tyler. The
875:, rejected the proposal in 1934. In response, in 1935 the Georgia state legislature passed a resolution identifying the battle as the last of the Civil War and calling again for a national battlefield park to be established there.
434:
army was still intact, as were the armies in Alabama and Mississippi and in the Trans-Mississippi theater. Also, because of the lack of communications, General Wilson was not aware of Lee's surrender. He continued his raids.
485:
Cobb had about 3,500 men in his forces, most of them Georgia and Alabama home guard units and civilian volunteers. On April 16, 1865, Columbus newspapers warned citizens to leave the town, since a Union attack was imminent.
902:. Bellware said that it might be more appropriate to rank the Battle of Columbus as “the last major military engagement of the Civil War,” to avoid the argument of whether a particular engagement qualifies as a battle.
643:
of Georgia telling him that a skirmish had occurred. He projected a "decided fight" the following day. To Toombs' surprise, General Wilson launched an assault on the upper bridge at 8 p.m., after nightfall. He ordered
1345:
1180:
1277:, which occurred after the Battle of Palmito Ranch, as marking the end of the war. The Columbus argument rests on the premise that when the entity at war has ceased to exist, no "war" per se, can truly exist.
844:
took place on May 13. Some claim that this was the last battle of the war, rejecting President Johnson's definition and preferring to refer to the Confederates there as "organized forces" of the Confederacy.
702:
At 11 p.m. Wilson made his way across the bridge. As he crossed, his horse was shot and later died. On the Columbus side of the bridge, Wilson took up headquarters in the house nearest to the bridge: the
235:
918:. Several battle scenes were incorporated into a story of romance. The movie was screened during the Columbus Homecoming festivities on April 14–17, 1915 to commemorate the battle's fiftieth anniversary.
563:
In addition to preparing strong fortified positions on the high ground in Girard on the west side of the Chattahoochee, Cobb ordered the base of the bridges to be wrapped in cotton and doused with
449:, the largest-surviving supply city in the South. Columbus was second only to Richmond in providing the industrial support for the war, and Richmond had been taken. Columbus was located on the
1975:
1945:
320:
Several authorities claim Columbus should be classified as the last battle of the Civil War, while others point to a battle which occurred after the Confederacy was vanquished, the
228:
415:'s raiders finally broke through the defenses and captured Selma by 7 p.m. that evening. Wilson's men destroyed all the military supplies and looted the city before moving on.
567:. In the event that the Confederates were unable to fend off Wilson's raiders, they could, as a last resort, burn the bridges to deny Wilson's troops easy access to Columbus.
221:
1353:
1184:
829:, North Carolina, marked the effective end of the war (as many state governments maintained), the Battle at Columbus was the last battle of the Civil War. President
1892:
733:
On the morning of April 17, 1865, General Wilson ordered the destruction of all resources in Columbus that could aid the Confederate war effort. The ironclad
1970:
818:
Several sources have held that this was the last battle of the war. In 1935, seeking support for a national battlefield park to be established here, the
1965:
1902:
1581:
1057:
1853:
1518:
427:
715:, erroneously, as the last Confederate to die in the Civil War. Lamar was previously known for his role in underwriting the illegal voyage of
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1454:
867:
A movement to preserve the Girard/Columbus battlefield as a national park was active from the 1890s through the 1930s. The director of the
1442:
36:
1468:
1215:
1141:
1100:
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859:
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was injured by a sword in the Battle of Columbus. His wound was said to contribute to his formulation of the recipe for the soda drink
994:
1604:
711:
led a cavalry charge. Lamar was killed after refusing to surrender to a dismounted Union cavalryman. Lamar was identified by General
882:
posted an appeal in 2013 to help preserve Ft. Gilmer, one of the earthwork redoubts on the Alabama side of the Chattahoochee River.
516:
The Battle of Columbus hinged on control of the two covered bridges that connected Girard, Alabama to Columbus, Georgia across the
1930:
1541:
1574:
403:, whose men were hopelessly outnumbered by the Union troops. The battle took place on the same day the Confederate capital of
1955:
1940:
1858:
1478:
961:
878:
In the 21st century, some people have begun a renewed effort to commemorate the battlefield as a park. Representatives of
807:
1269:
engaged in by a division of Wilson's Raiders. Supporters of the Columbus claim do not accept the later surrender of the
1374:
848:
The officers who led Union forces in the battle insisted that Columbus was the last battle of the war. On May 30, 1865
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1874:
1590:
1567:
1005:
1960:
1804:
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914:
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467:
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1651:
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had been placed in charge of whatever forces he could gather, and he did his best to prepare to defend Columbus.
478:
The Confederates in Columbus were well aware that Wilson's 13,000 men were on the way. Confederate Major General
1035:
1767:
744:) was burned and sunk, and the Confederate naval facility, Port Columbus, was entirely destroyed. Confederates
704:
679:
297:, Georgia (April 16, 1865), was the last conflict in the Union campaign through Alabama and Georgia, known as
1789:
1208:
852:
799:
772:
771:
and occupied that city without resistance. Ten days after the Battle of Columbus, the last great army of the
521:
154:
149:
1265:, later than Columbus but before Bennett Place, in which similar casualties were suffered, and the April 23
552:
and earthen forts that had been partially built earlier in the war. Now their completion became imperative.
1270:
1115:
686:
Around 10 p.m. the Confederate defenses in Girard collapsed, and they attempted a retreat back across the
470:
in Washington on Good Friday, April 14, and he died the next day, but Wilson had not yet learned of this.
379:
1827:
1727:
1712:
1498:
1462:
1980:
1682:
1556:, Columbus State University Archives (Box 39 includes correspondence related to request for a monument)
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1233:
549:
141:
1950:
1809:
1799:
1752:
1737:
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1702:
886:
661:
259:
28:
1398:
833:, who had succeeded Lincoln, declared the war over on May 10, 1865. This was the day that President
1935:
1925:
1722:
712:
691:
attempts were made to burn the bridge, the Confederates did not want to endanger their own troops.
1046:
837:
was captured. Johnson characterized remaining resisters as no longer combatants, but "fugitives."
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1762:
1237:
841:
657:
571:
321:
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213:
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1672:
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1620:
889:
Professor Virginia Causey addressed the topic of last battle status in an article in the local
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400:
1524:
1484:
1330:
1319:
1308:
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1021:
794:
In early May in central Georgia, Wilson's men apprehended the two most wanted men in America:
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1625:
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1068:
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819:
613:
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325:
269:
20:
1553:
1535:
8:
1779:
687:
577:
533:
517:
450:
439:
408:
353:
911:
A reenactment of the battle was filmed in Columbus, Georgia in March 1915 for the movie
1717:
788:
776:
431:
404:
302:
77:
822:
state government declared this to be the "last battle of the war between the states."
1784:
1742:
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1229:
1205:
879:
849:
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653:
446:
395:, on March 22, 1865, heading for Selma, a major manufacturing and supply center. The
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313:
279:
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commanded the Confederate forces defending the city of Columbus on April 16, 1865.
454:
423:
357:
298:
245:
1495:
James Pickett Jones "Yankee Blitzkrieg: Wilson's Raid Through Alabama and Georgia"
1224:
It is not apparent whether this is for his division only but Brevet Major General
1458:
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537:
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A tremendous clash occurred near the entrance of the upper bridge. Confederate
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438:
On April 12, 1865, Wilson's men marched into the former Confederate capital of
369:
813:
1919:
1485:
Charles Jewett Swift, "The Last Battle of the Civil War at Columbus, Georgia"
826:
780:
722:
695:
636:
419:
324:. The Battle of Columbus is also known as the Battle of Girard, Alabama (now
178:
135:
116:
51:
38:
1479:
J. David Dameron, "Horace King: From Slave to Master Builder and Legislator"
1220:, he refers to the Battle of Columbus as the "closing conflict of the war."
1101:
Richard Gardiner, "The Last Battle of the Civil War and Its Preservation,"
825:
Insofar as the surrender of the bulk of Confederates on April 26, 1865, at
762:
734:
458:
24:
1375:"Fort No. 5: An Endangered Piece of History « Chattahoochee Heritage"
934:
767:
Immediately after the victory at Columbus, Wilson led his raiders east to
1547:
1469:
Richard Gardiner, "The Last Battle of the Civil War and Its Preservation"
1211:
855:
602:
505:
479:
336:
173:
803:
682:
in Columbus was the location of General James H. Wilson's headquarters.
564:
365:
349:
624:
1169:, Vol. 18; Colonel Theodore Allen, "The Last Battle of the Civil War"
745:
617:
19:
This article is about the American Civil War battle. For the raid on
656:
was ordered to lead the charge on the bridge. He later served under
411:. Forrest managed to inflict heavy casualties on the attackers, but
1241:
actions were taking place between forces without high-level orders.
512:
500:
1047:
Archaeologists Discover Civil War Artifacts In Georgia : NPR
608:
529:
392:
243:
1214:
May 30, 1865 report for his division in the Wilson Raid, in the
1130:
Journal of the Military Service Institution, Vol. 56, p. 359-375
399:
was fought on April 2, 1865, against the leadership of Lt. Gen.
387:'s troops took on the raid that passed through Columbus, Georgia
591:
545:
1451:
Columbus, Georgia, 1865: The Last True Battle of the Civil War
1443:
J. David Dameron, "The Battle of Columbus, April 16-17, 1865"
1118:
Columbus, Georgia 1865: The Last True Battle of the Civil War
1088:, Southeast Research Publishing, LLC, Madison, Alabama, 2017.
964:, Southeast Research Publishing, LLC, Madison, Alabama, 2017.
453:, where there was a major naval construction facility. A new
674:
628:
The lower bridge was burned before Union forces could cross.
814:
Argument that Columbus was the last battle of the Civil War
1976:
Battles of the American Civil War in Georgia (U.S. state)
495:
1946:
Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
962:
Horace King: From Slave to Master Builder and Legislator
763:
On to Macon and the capture of America's most wanted men
598:
and the Battle of Columbus took place on the same day.
442:, encountering token resistance from the Confederates.
1430:, Columbus, GA: Columbus State University, Spring 2015
1181:"Acts and Resolutions of the Georgia General Assembly"
1589:
1548:"The Last True Battle of The Civil War" —Presentation
1504:
Daniel Bellware, "The Last Battle. Period. Really.",
1142:"Daniel Bellware, "The Last Battle of the Civil War""
1078:
1076:
858:
reported for his division in the Wilson Raid, in the
368:
and destroy the major Confederate supply centers at
445:Wilson's next target was the manufacturing city of
1424:How Columbus Lost the Last Battle of the Civil War
1073:
464:, was docked at Columbus waiting to be completed.
1531:"The Last Ditch", a video produced by Jim Bridges
1519:Charles Swift, "The Last Battle of the Civil War"
1346:"GALILEO: Georgia Legislative Documents: Results"
632:Wilson turned his attention to the upper bridge.
473:
1917:
1167:Journal of the United States Cavalry Association
905:
528:Cobb decided to defend the city on the western (
900:The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government
331:
1575:
755:to prevent it from falling into Union hands.
229:
1971:Battles of the American Civil War in Alabama
1475:XXXVIII (Spring/Summer 2013), pp. 5–22.
581:Official Sketch of the Columbus Battlefield.
1489:Journal of the Military Service Institution
974:"Confederates Set Fire to the Lower Bridge"
1582:
1568:
1481:, Southeast Research Publishing, LLC, 2017
1445:, Southeast Research Publishing, LLC, 2017
1251:Andrew Johnson, Proclamation, May 10, 1865
1096:
1094:
806:, commandant of the Confederate prison at
520:; in order to prevent access to Columbus,
236:
222:
1966:Union victories of the American Civil War
1605:Georgia Constitutional Convention of 1861
1287:Official Records, I:49, Part One, p. 475.
1222:Official Records, I:49, Part One, p. 475.
1085:The Battle of Columbus, April 16-17, 1865
555:The main objective was to defend the two
673:
623:
607:
576:
511:
499:
378:
335:
312:had been ordered to destroy the city of
1091:
1036:J.H. Wilson, Under the Old Flag, p. 230
936:The Last Ditch: The Battle of Columbus,
1918:
652:regiments to lead the attack. Colonel
496:General Howell Cobb's defense strategy
1563:
217:
1898:
1298:General James H. Wilson, 1868 Speech
1261:Misulia addresses the claims of the
725:outside Brunswick, Georgia in 1858.
524:set fire to the lower bridge (right)
247:Wilson's Raid in Alabama and Georgia
707:. There on "Mott's Green", Colonel
13:
1473:Journal of America's Military Past
1320:Winslow to Swift, January 23, 1914
1103:Journal of America's Military Past
356:(December 15–16, 1864), Maj. Gen.
14:
1992:
1591:Georgia in the American Civil War
1512:
635:As the sun began to set, General
301:, in the final full month of the
1897:
1888:
1887:
1805:Second Battle of Fort McAllister
728:
468:Abraham Lincoln was fatally shot
148:
134:
16:Battle of the American Civil War
1642:First Battle of Fort McAllister
1416:
1391:
1367:
1338:
1324:
1313:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1255:
1244:
1198:
1173:
1159:
1134:
1123:
1109:
1062:
1051:
1040:
721:, which landed 409 Africans on
544:). There the Confederates used
364:to march into the heart of the
1931:1865 in the American Civil War
1538:, Explore Southern History.com
1228:division engaged in the later
1058:General Sherman to Joseph West
1029:
1015:
999:
988:
979:
967:
954:
942:
928:
705:Mott House (Columbus, Georgia)
601:At about 2 p.m. Union General
474:Columbus alerted to the attack
391:Wilson left Gravelly Springs,
1:
1379:www.chattahoocheeheritage.org
1309:Wilson to Swift, Dec. 3, 1913
922:
906:Representation in other media
585:
570:The bridges were designed by
1956:History of Columbus, Georgia
1941:1865 in Georgia (U.S. state)
1652:Battle of Davis' Cross Roads
1550:, Muscogee Genealogy Society
1542:Battle of Columbus in Photos
1333:Last Battle of the Civil War
1271:Trans-Mississippi Department
915:Spirit of Columbus 1865-1915
332:Events leading to the battle
7:
1828:Special Field Orders No. 15
1768:Battle of Lovejoy's Station
1728:Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
1506:Civil War Times Illustrated
1499:University of Georgia Press
1463:University of Alabama Press
1105:XXXVIII (Summer 2013), 5–22
639:(CSA) telegraphed Governor
590:Between 1:30 and 2 p.m. on
344:led the attack on Columbus.
10:
1997:
1790:Sherman's March to the Sea
1683:Battle of Rocky Face Ridge
1436:
418:On April 9, 1865, General
18:
1883:
1867:
1846:
1820:
1810:Battle of Altamaha Bridge
1800:Battle of Buck Head Creek
1738:Battle of Peachtree Creek
1703:Battle of New Hope Church
1665:
1634:
1613:
1597:
1501:, 1976, pp. 126–144.
887:Columbus State University
671:was slashed by a sabre.
662:Battle of Little Big Horn
255:
199:
184:
160:
127:
83:
75:
70:
29:Battle of Columbus (1916)
1713:Battle of Pickett's Mill
1554:Alva C. Smith Collection
1536:"The Battle of Columbus"
1525:"The Battle of Columbus"
1331:Colonel Theodore Allen,
713:William Tecumseh Sherman
422:surrendered to Lt. Gen.
1961:Russell County, Alabama
1795:Battle of Griswoldville
1785:Second Battle of Tilton
1763:Second Battle of Dalton
1263:Battle of Boykin's Mill
1238:Battle of Palmito Ranch
1234:Battle of Boykin's Mill
1069:Savannah's Laurel Grove
842:Battle of Palmito Ranch
740:(also known as the CSS
648:brigade of the 3rd and
322:Battle of Palmito Ranch
1773:Battle of Jonesborough
1753:Battle of Brown's Mill
1733:Battle of Pace's Ferry
1693:First Battle of Tilton
1673:First Battle of Dalton
1657:Battle of Ringgold Gap
1621:Great Locomotive Chase
1491:, Vol. 56, p. 359
1350:neptune3.galib.uga.edu
1023:Wilson's Cavalry Corps
995:Joe Brown's Army, 107.
683:
629:
621:
582:
525:
509:
493:
432:General Joe Johnston's
428:Appomattox Court House
401:Nathan Bedford Forrest
388:
345:
161:Commanders and leaders
1748:Battle of Ezra Church
1723:Battle of Kolb's Farm
1698:Battle of Adairsville
1647:Battle of Chickamauga
1626:Siege of Fort Pulaski
869:National Park Service
677:
627:
611:
580:
515:
503:
488:
382:
339:
200:Casualties and losses
190:Two cavalry divisions
1833:Battle of West Point
1758:Battle of Utoy Creek
1508:Vol. 42, April 2003.
1449:Charles A. Misulia,
791:had come to an end.
614:John Stith Pemberton
596:Battle of West Point
21:Columbus, New Mexico
1780:Battle of Allatoona
1006:Col. Edward Winslow
798:, president of the
688:Chattahoochee River
518:Chattahoochee River
451:Chattahoochee River
440:Montgomery, Alabama
409:Army of the Potomac
354:Battle of Nashville
48: /
1838:Battle of Columbus
1718:Battle of Marietta
1527:, WRBL News Report
1457:2013-03-15 at the
1422:Daniel Bellware, "
1399:"The last battle?"
1082:J. David Dameron,
1012:blog, January 2010
1010:Civil War Notebook
960:J. David Dameron,
949:Columbus Daily Sun
789:American Civil War
777:Joseph E. Johnston
684:
630:
622:
583:
526:
510:
389:
383:The route General
360:ordered Maj. Gen.
346:
303:American Civil War
295:Battle of Columbus
78:American Civil War
71:Battle of Columbus
1981:April 1865 events
1913:
1912:
1743:Battle of Atlanta
1544:, Civil War Album
1267:Battle of Munford
1236:, as well as the
1230:Battle of Munford
1116:Charles Misulia,
880:Auburn University
779:, surrendered at
654:Frederick Benteen
646:General Winslow's
536:, in the town of
447:Columbus, Georgia
374:Columbus, Georgia
288:
287:
212:
211:
155:CSA (Confederacy)
123:
122:
106:Columbus, Georgia
52:32.467°N 84.997°W
23:by the forces of
1988:
1901:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1708:Battle of Dallas
1688:Battle of Resaca
1678:Atlanta campaign
1584:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1431:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1352:. Archived from
1342:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1284:
1278:
1259:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1226:John T Croxton's
1217:Official Records
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1183:. Archived from
1177:
1171:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1144:. Archived from
1138:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1113:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1003:
997:
992:
986:
983:
977:
971:
965:
958:
952:
951:, April 16, 1865
946:
940:
932:
873:Arno B. Cammerer
861:Official Records
775:, under General
650:4th Iowa Cavalry
424:Ulysses S. Grant
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25:Pancho Villa
1854:Confederate
856:Emory Upton
800:Confederacy
773:Confederacy
603:Emory Upton
572:Horace King
550:breastworks
542:Phenix City
506:Howell Cobb
480:Howell Cobb
326:Phenix City
174:Howell Cobb
55: /
1920:Categories
1521:, Rootsweb
1428:Muscogiana
1384:2017-08-23
1360:2017-08-23
1191:2011-07-30
1152:2010-02-26
923:References
804:Henry Wirz
680:Mott House
586:The battle
565:turpentine
366:Deep South
348:After the
308:Maj. Gen.
270:West Point
43:84°59′49″W
40:32°28′01″N
885:In 2015,
618:Coca-Cola
1893:Category
1455:Archived
1408:March 9,
1026:, p. 189
746:scuttled
737:Muscogee
718:Wanderer
694:General
546:trenches
504:General
461:Muscogee
455:ironclad
405:Richmond
314:Columbus
275:Columbus
185:Strength
177:General
96:Location
1904:Commons
1875:Atlanta
1437:Sources
820:Georgia
742:Jackson
660:at the
530:Alabama
393:Alabama
280:Munford
119:victory
1868:Places
1465:, 2010
1232:. The
1206:Brevet
850:Brevet
787:. The
658:Custer
592:Easter
538:Girard
457:, the
413:Wilson
372:, and
113:Result
27:, see
1859:Union
1847:Units
350:Union
265:Selma
195:3,250
142:Union
117:Union
1821:1865
1666:1864
1635:1863
1614:1862
1598:1861
1410:2017
913:The
840:The
750:CSS
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678:The
459:CSS
293:The
88:Date
1426:,"
1204:In
938:DVD
426:at
328:).
208:151
1922::
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205:60
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237:e
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103:/
31:.
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