John C. Frémont - Knowledge

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artillery duel. The Confederates, reinforced by the 44th Virginia regiment, beat back several Union assaults. Frémont launched a major attack, but the Confederates held their fire until the German Union soldiers were up close, releasing a devastating volley that repelled the Union assault. Frémont withdrew, declining to launch a second assault, and the Confederates gained the territory previously occupied by the Union Army. Fronting Frémont's Army by a holding brigade, Ewell's men, on order's from Jackson, retreated to Port Republic. At the Battle of Port Republic the following day, Frémont attacked Jackson's rear flank using artillery, but did not launch a major assault. By that afternoon Jackson put his army in motion to Brown's Gap beyond the reach of Frémont's artillery. Jackson and his army managed to slip out of the Shenandoah Valley and rejoin Robert E. Lee in Richmond. Lincoln ordered Shields and Frémont to withdraw from the Shenandoah Valley. Frémont was criticized for being late in linking up with McDowell at Strasburg and allowing Jackson's army to escape.

4059: 2026: 1550:, and then left Los Angeles. Frémont functioned for a few weeks without controversy, but he had little money to administer his duties as governor. Previously, unknown to Stockton and Frémont, the Navy Department had sent orders for Sloat and his successors to establish military rule over California. These orders, however, postdated Kearny's orders to establish military control over California. Kearny did not have the troop strength to enforce those orders, and was forced to rely on Stockton's Marines and Frémont's California Battalion until army reinforcements arrived. On February 13, specific orders were sent from Washington through Commanding General Winfield Scott giving Kearny the authority to be military governor of California. Kearny, however, did not directly inform Frémont of these orders from Scott. Kearny ordered that Frémont's California Battalion be enlisted into the U.S. Army and Frémont bring his battalion archives to Kearny's headquarters in Monterey. 2344:

Italian guards in brassy uniforms. Frémont additionally set up a headquarters bodyguard of 300 Kentucky men, chosen for their uniform physical attributes. Frémont had surrounded himself with California associates, who made huge profits by securing army contracts without the competitive bidding required by federal law. One Californian contracted for the construction of 38 mortar boats for $ 8,250 apiece, almost double what they were worth. Another Californian, who was a personal friend of Frémont's, but had no construction experience, received a contract worth $ 191,000 to build a series of forts, which should have cost one third less. Frémont's favorite sellers received "the most stupendous contracts" for railroad cars, horses, Army mules, tents, and other equipment, most of them of shoddy quality. A rumor spread in Washington that Frémont was planning to start his own republic or empire in the West. Frémont's supply line, headed by Major

2424:. Grant had a reputation for being a "drifter and a drunkard" in the Old Army, but Frémont viewed Grant independently using his own judgment. Frémont concluded that Grant was an "unassuming character not given to self elation, of dogged persistence, of iron will". Frémont chose Grant and appointed him commander of the Cairo post at the end of August 1861. Grant was sent to Ironton, with 3,000 untrained troops, to stop a potential Confederate attack led by Confederate General William J. Hardee. Immediately thereafter, Frémont sent Grant to Jefferson City, to keep it safe from a potential attack by Confederate General Price a week after the Battle of Wilson's Creek. Grant got the situation in control at Jefferson City, drilling and disciplining troops, increased supply lines, and deploying troops on the outskirts of the city. The city was kept safe as Price and his troops, badly battered from the Battle of Wilson's Creek, retreated. 4095: 4032: 1098: 4005: 3793: 2704: 1352:). In early June, believing war with Mexico to be a virtual certainty, Frémont joined the Sacramento Valley insurgents in a "silent partnership", rather than head back to St. Louis, as originally planned. On June 10, instigated by Frémont, four men from Frémont's party and 10 rebel volunteers seized 170 horses intended for Castro's Army and returned them to Frémont's camp. According to historian H. H. Bancroft, Frémont incited the American settlers indirectly and "guardedly" to revolt. On June 14, 34 armed rebels independently captured Sonoma, the largest settlement in northern California, and forced the surrender of Colonel 2011: 4023: 2117: 3996: 411: 2357: 10940: 454: 2302:, reopen commerce, and break off the Western part of the Confederacy. Frémont was given only 23,000 men, whose volunteer 3-month enlistments were about to expire. Western Governors sent more troops to Frémont, but he did not have any weapons with which to arm them. There were no uniforms or military equipment either, and the soldiers were subject to food rationing, poor transportation, and lack of pay. Fremont's intelligence was also faulty, leading him to believe the Missouri state militia and the Confederate forces were twice as numerous as they actually were. 11546: 20098: 2388:, vital to the security of the Union Army's western war effort. It contained too few troops to defend against a Confederate attack. Compared to the Confederates, Frémont's forces were dispersed and disorganized. Frémont ordered Lyon to retreat from Springfield and fall back to Rolla, while Frémont sent reinforcement troops to Cairo rather than to Lyon, who had requested more troops. Frémont believed with some accuracy that the Confederates were planning to attack Cairo. Lyon, however, hastily chose to attack Confederate General Sterling Price at the 2171:, as the Democrats attacked Frémont's illegitimate birth and alleged Frémont was Catholic. In a counter-crusade against the Republicans, the Democrats ridiculed Frémont's military record and warned that his victory would bring civil war. Much of the private rhetoric of the campaign focused on unfounded rumors regarding Frémont – talk of him as president taking charge of a large army that would support slave insurrections, the likelihood of widespread lynchings of slaves, and whispered hope among slaves for freedom and political equality. 4014: 2108: 2527:) to secession, asked Frémont to revise the order. Frémont refused to do so, and sent his wife to plead his case. President Lincoln told Jessie that Frémont "should never have dragged the Negro into the war". When Frémont remained obdurate, Lincoln publicly revoked the emancipation clause of the proclamation on 11 September. Frémont's abolitionist allies attacked Lincoln for this, creating more bad feeling. Meanwhile, the War Department compiled a report on Frémont's misconduct as commander in Missouri. This included the arrest of 2491: 796: 2087: 393: 4068: 2449: 20074: 2311: 2503:

attacking Union posts. Confederate sympathies in stronger slave-holding counties needed to be reduced or broken up. Confederate warfare was causing thousands of Union loyalists to take refuge, destitute, in Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas. Radicals in his camp and his wife Jessie urged Frémont to free the slaves of known Confederate supporters. They argued that these men were in rebellion and no longer protected by the Constitution, and it was legal to confiscate rebel property, including their slaves.

3823: 4077: 2785: 938:, carried on this tradition of Western overland exploration, building on and adding to the work of earlier pathfinders to expand knowledge of the American West. Frémont's talent lay in his scientific documentation, publications, and maps made based on his expeditions, making the American West accessible for many Americans. Beginning in 1842, Frémont led five western expeditions, however, between the third and fourth expeditions, Frémont's career took a fateful turn because of the 2551:

motives, were responsible for what he believed to be his unjustified firing by Lincoln. More humiliations followed, Frémont's Zagonyi Guard was mustered out of the Army without pay, and all the contracts he made were suspended upon approval from Washington. Pressure soon mounted among Radicals and Frémont supporters for his reinstatement of command in the Army. In March 1862, Lincoln placed Frémont in command of the Mountain Department, which was responsible for parts of western

2392:, rather than retreat. During the battle Lyon was shot through the heart and died instantly. As the Union line broke, similar to the first Battle of Bull Run in the east, the Confederates won the battle and captured Springfield, thus opening Western Missouri for Confederate advancement. Frémont was severely criticized for the defeat and for Lyon's death, having sent troops to reinforce Cairo, rather than to help Lyon's depleted forces 10 miles (16 km) south of Springfield. 14270: 3309: 2586: 1558:, who was to succeed Kearny as military governor of California, to Los Angeles, both to inspect troops and to give Frémont further orders. Frémont and Mason, however, were at odds with each other and Frémont challenged Mason to a duel. After an arrangement to postpone the duel, Kearny rode to Los Angeles and refused Frémont's request to join troops in Mexico. Ordered to march with Kearny's army back east, Frémont was arrested on August 22, 1847, when they arrived at 20086: 807: 20026: 17370: 10472: 2601:, and their respective armies, were in charge of protecting the Shenandoah Valley and Washington D.C. Rather than having these armies under one command, Lincoln and Stanton micromanaged their movements. Confederate General Stonewall Jackson took advantage of this divided command and systematically attacked each Union Army, putting fear in Washington, D.C., taking spoils and thousands of prisoners. Early in June 1862 Frémont pursued the Confederate General 868: 59: 2207: 1733: 1389: 20036: 1404:, sailed into Monterey harbor with orders to seize San Francisco Bay and blockade the other California ports upon learning "without a doubt" that war had been declared. On July 5, Sloat received a message from Montgomery reporting the events in Sonoma and Frémont's involvement. Believing Frémont to be acting on orders from Washington, Sloat began to carry out his orders. Early on July 7, 225 sailors and marines on the United States Navy 9588: 4050: 1531: 10492: 10482: 1377:, searching for Captain Joaquin de la Torre and his lancers, rumored to have been ordered by Castro to attack Sonoma, but was unable to find them. On June 28, General Castro, on the other side of San Francisco Bay, sent a row boat across to Point San Pablo on the shores of San Rafael with a message for de la Torre. Kit Carson, Granville Swift and Sam Neal rode to the beach to intercept the three unarmed men who came ashore, including 4086: 713:. Frémont, knowing his origins and coming from relatively modest means, grew up a proud, reserved, restless loner who although self-disciplined, was ready to prove himself and unwilling to play by the rules. The young Frémont was considered to be "precious, handsome, and daring," having the ability of obtaining protectors. A lawyer, John W. Mitchell, provided for Frémont's early education whereupon Frémont in May 1829 entered 2630:

raise "a 10,000-man all-Black army to be known as the 'Fremont Legion.' It would be commanded by General John C. Frémont, a hero to many African Americans because of his August 1861 unilateral order freeing slaves in Missouri.... Ultimately, nothing came of the Fremont Legion proposal." Recognizing that he would not be able to contribute further to the Union Army's efforts, Frémont resigned his commission in June 1864.

1457:, now totaling 428 men. Stockton incorporated the California Battalion into the U.S. military giving them soldiers pay. Frémont and about 160 of his troops went by ship to San Diego, and with Stockton's marines took Los Angeles on August 13. Frémont afterwards went north to recruit more Californians into his battalion. In late 1846, under orders from Stockton, Frémont led a military expedition of 300 men to capture 2715: 4209:. Frémont's report was more than a travelers' guide – it was a government publication that achieved the expansionist objectives of a nation and provided scientific and economic information concerning the potential of the trans-Mississippi West for pioneer settlement. For his expeditionary work, he received a brevet promotion to captain in July 1844. One of Frémont's reports from an expedition inspired the 695: 2842:

times fail so abysmally?" Nevins said that Frémont's psychological problem was in part attributed to his inheritance of impulsiveness and brilliancy from his "emotionally and ill-balanced" parents. Nevins said Frémont was encouraged by his parents to heighten his inherited self-reliant, heedless, and adventuresome traits and that he lacked the discipline his passionate spirit and quick mind most needed.

2609:. Frémont commanded 10,500 Union troops while Ewell commanded about 5,000 Confederate troops. Frémont had moved down the Valley Pike from the northwest through Harrisonburg to Cross Keys, while Union Brigadier General James Shields closed in from the northeast, hoping to entrap Jackson's forces. Ewell who was in charge of defending Jackson's western flank established strong defensive positions. 1883:, however, to no avail, he was unable to get enough votes for re-election to the Senate. Neither Heydenfeldt, nor Frémont's other second-time competitor King, were able to obtain a majority of votes, allowing Gwin to be California's lone senator. Frémont's term lasted 175 days from September 10, 1850, to March 3, 1851, and he only served 21 working days in Washington in the Senate. Pro-slavery 3943: 3247: 2947: 833:. The expansionists believed that the North American continent, from one end to the other, north and south, east and west, should belong to the citizens of the U.S. They believed it was the nation's destiny to control the continent. This movement became a crusade for politicians such as Benton and his new son-in-law. Benton pushed appropriations through Congress for national surveys of the 2002: 2862:

disputed, the events surrounding their deaths are in controversy. Frémont and his men may have been taking revenge on the deaths of two Osos by Californios. Frémont may have mistaken the de Haro brothers for soldiers, while one person contends that the murders represented the racism of the white Osos. Berryessa and his two nephews may have been considered Native Americans by

4041: 2875: 1598:, as "grasping, jealous, domineering, and harsh." Possessing these traits, feeling his pride stung by his defeat at San Pasqual, and anxious to assert his authority, he was no sooner in Los Angeles than he quarreled bitterly with Stockton; and Frémont was not only at once involved in this quarrel, but inherited the whole burden of it as soon as Stockton left the country. 2811:, Frémont's victory over the Confederates at Springfield was the only successful Union battle in the Western Department in 1861. Frémont's reputation, however, was damaged after he was relieved of command by Lincoln for insubordination. After leaving the Mountain Department in 1862, Frémont's active service career in the war virtually ended. Frémont's 1861 promotion of 2348:, also came under scrutiny for graft and profiteering. Frémont's biographer Nevins stresses that much of Frémont's trouble stemmed from the fact that the newly created Western Department was without organization, war materials, and trained recruits, while waste and corruption were endemic in the War Department under Lincoln's first appointed secretary, Simon Cameron. 825:. A romance blossomed between the two; however, Benton was initially against it because Frémont was not considered upper society. In 1841, Frémont (age 28) and Jessie eloped and were married by a Catholic priest. Initially Benton was furious at their marriage, but in time, because he loved his daughter, he accepted their marriage and became Frémont's patron. Benton, 20062: 2401: 1689:. By the time the last surviving member of the expedition made it to Taos on February 12, 1849, 10 of the party had died and been eaten by the survivors. Except for the efforts of member Alexis Godey, another 15 would have been lost. After recuperating in Taos, Frémont and only a few of the men left for California via an established southern trade route. 2436:, on August 27, 1861, Frémont gave Ulysses S. Grant field command in charge of a combined Union offensive whose goal was to capture Memphis, Vicksburg, and New Orleans, to keep Missouri and Illinois safe from Confederate attack. On August 30, Grant assumed charge of the Union Army on the Mississippi. With Frémont's approval, Grant proceeded to capture 2164:. Republican luminaries were sent out decrying the Democratic Party's attachment to slavery and its support of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. The experienced Democrats, knowing the Republican strategy, also targeted these states, running a rough media campaign, while illegally naturalizing thousands of alien immigrants in Pennsylvania. 1211:, Frémont was secretly told that if war started with Mexico he was to turn his scientific expedition into a military force. President Polk, who had met with Frémont at a cabinet meeting, was set on taking California. Frémont desired to conquer California for its beauty and wealth, and would later explain his very controversial conduct there. 942:. Frémont's initial explorations, his timely scientific reports, co-authored by his wife Jessie, and their romantic writing style, encouraged Americans to travel West. A series of seven maps produced from his findings, published by the Senate in 1846, served as a guide for thousands of American emigrants, depicting the entire length of the 1635:, he was strongly advised by most of the trappers against continuing the journey. Already a foot of snow was on the ground at Bent's Fort, and the winter in the mountains promised to be especially snowy. Part of Frémont's purpose was to demonstrate that a 38th parallel railroad would be practical year-round. At Bent's Fort, he engaged 2380:, who was driven by Lyon to the Ozarks. Lyon occupied Jefferson City, the state capital, and installed a pro-Union state government. However, Lyon became trapped at Springfield with only 6,000 men (including Union Colonel Franz Sigel and his German corps). A primary concern for Frémont, after he assumed command, was the protection of 1014:, planted an American flag, claiming the Rocky Mountains and the West for the United States. On Frémont's return trip he and his party carelessly rafted the swollen Platte River losing much of his equipment. His five-month exploration, however, was a success, returning to Washington in October. Frémont and his wife Jessie wrote a 2286:

topographical service, and he was focused on driving the Confederate forces from Missouri. Frémont had to organize an army in a slave state that was largely disloyal, having a limited number of Union soldiers, supplies, and arms. Guerilla warfare was breaking out and two Confederate armies were planning on capturing

1445:. When Sloat learned that Frémont had acted on his own authority (thus raising doubt about a war declaration), he retired to his cabin. On July 23, Stockton mustered Frémont's party and the former Bear Flaggers into military service as the "Naval Battalion of Mounted Volunteer Riflemen" with Frémont appointed 1344:. Frémont sent Lt. Gillespie to Montgomery and requested supplies including 8,000 percussion caps, 300 pounds (140 kg) of rifle lead, one keg of powder, and food provisions, intending to head back to St. Louis. On May 31, Frémont made his camp on the Bear and Feather rivers 60 miles (97 km) north of 2795:

Although Frémont was often caught up in controversy, he played a major role in opening up the American West to settlement by American pioneers, in part by attacks on Native Americans. His reliable accounts, including published maps, narrations, and scientific documentations of his expeditions, guided

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and Klamath Lake. On May 12, 1846, the Frémont group completely destroyed it, killing at least fourteen people. Frémont believed that the British were responsible for arming and encouraging the Native Americans to attack his party. Afterward, Carson was nearly killed by a Klamath warrior. As Carson's

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from Washington, who gave him copies of dispatches he had previously given to Larkin. Gillespie told Frémont secret instructions from Benton and Buchanan justifying aggressive action and that a declaration of war with Mexico was imminent. On May 9, 1846, Native Americans ambushed his expedition party

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on the Arkansas River. In August 1844, Frémont and his party finally arrived back in St. Louis, enthusiastically received by the people, ending the journey that lasted over one year. His wife Jessie and Frémont returned to Washington, where the two wrote a second report, scientific in detail, showing

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San Francisco, California Historical Society, MCMXLIII. Extract: "Previous to this the General had given Fremont orders to make a report of the State of his command, and several other orders, the nature of which I do not recollect, all of which the Col utterly refused to obey, or disregarded. In

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when he was captured by the British. According to historian Andrew Rolle, his vagueness about his past was an attempt to "elude recognition". Historian H. W. Brands (2005) said Frémont added the accented E and the T to his surname later in life. Rolle, however, said Frémont began using the accent in

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at his residence at 49 West Twenty-fifth Street in New York. His death was unexpected and his brief illness was not generally known. On Tuesday, July 8, Frémont had been affected by the heat of a particularly hot summer day. On Wednesday he came down with a chill and was confined to his bedroom. His

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with no shots being fired and raised the flag of the United States. Commodore Sloat had his proclamation read and posted in English and Spanish: "... henceforth California would be a portion of the United States." On July 10, Frémont received a message from Montgomery that the U.S. Navy had occupied

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Frémont's successful first expedition led quickly to a second; it began in the summer of 1843. The more ambitious goal this time was to map and describe the second half of the Oregon Trail, find an alternate route to the South Pass, and push westward toward the Pacific Ocean on the Columbia River in

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Historians portray Frémont as controversial, impetuous, and contradictory. Some scholars regard him as a military hero of significant accomplishment, while others view him as a failure who repeatedly defeated his own best interests. The keys to Frémont's character and personality, several historians

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After being dismissed by Lincoln, Frémont left Springfield and returned to St. Louis. On the outside Frémont expressed joy being free from the cares of duty, but on the inside Frémont was smolderingly angry believing the Republicans ran an incompetent war and that the Blairs, acting under malicious

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Frémont's wife Jessie, Bigelow, and Issac Sherman ran Frémont's campaign. As the daughter of a senator, Jessie had been raised in Washington, and she understood politics more than Frémont. Many treated Jessie as an equal political professional, while Frémont was treated as an amateur. She received

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Theodore Grivas wrote that "It does not seem quite clear how Frémont, an army officer, could have imagined that a naval officer could have protected him from a charge of insubordination toward his superior officer ". Grivas goes on to say, however, that "This conflict between Kearny, Stockton, and

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On June 24, Frémont and his men, upon hearing that Californio (people of Spanish or Mexican descent) Juan N. Padilla had captured, tortured, killed, and mutilated the bodies of two Osos and held others prisoner, rode to Sonoma, arriving on June 25. On June 26, Frémont, his own men, Lieutenant Henry

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Upon his return, Frémont produced a new map in 1845 that included the second expedition, and Frémont's conclusion that the still-unmapped areas of the Great Basin were "...believed to be filled with lakes and rivers which have no communication with the sea...". Congress published Frémont's "Report

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on June 28, 1846, highlighted a dubious path to California's statehood. Solnit wrote that Frémont's unpopularity in California, while Frémont was a Republican candidate during the presidential election of 1856, and losing the state, was in part due to this incident. Although their killings are not

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Concerning Frémont's tenure as commander of the West, Lincoln thought Frémont was personally honest, but his "cardinal mistake" was that "he isolates himself, and allows nobody to see him; and by which he does not know what is going on in the very matter he is dealing with." Many historians are in

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said there were two fascinating things about Frémont. The first was the "unfailing drama of his life; a life wrought out of the fiercest tempests and most radiant bursts of sunshine". The second was Frémont's dramatic career asking, "How could the man who sometimes succeeded so dazzlingly at other

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on a "floating grant", the property borders were not precisely defined by the Mexican government. Alvarado's ownership of the land was legally contested since Alvarado never actually settled on the property as required by Mexican law. All of these matters lingered and were argued in court for many

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in command, Frémont declined to serve on the grounds that he was senior to Pope, and for personal reasons. He went to New York City, where he remained throughout the war, expecting to receive another command, but none was forthcoming. In 1863, African Americans in Poughkeepsie, New York, tried to

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secessionists would be confiscated, and that the slaves of all rebels were immediately emancipated. This last clause caused much concern. Kentucky was still "neutral", and Unionists there feared Frémont's action would sway opinion there toward secession. One group in Louisville implored President

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In the fall of 1853, Frémont embarked on another expedition to identify a viable route for a transcontinental railroad along the 38th parallel. The party journeyed between Missouri and San Francisco, California, over a combination of known trails and unexplored terrain. A primary objective was to

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In Washington, Frémont, whose California ranch had been purchased from a Mexican land grantee, supported an unsuccessful law that would have rubber-stamped Mexican land grants, and another law that prevented foreign workers from owning gold claims (Fremont's ranch was in gold country), derisively

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had been elected president, Benton quickly organized a third expedition for Frémont. The plan for Frémont under the War Department was to survey the central Rockies, the Great Salt Lake region, and part of the Sierra Nevada. Back in St. Louis, Frémont organized an armed surveying expedition of 60

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Frémont ran his headquarters in St. Louis "like a European autocrat". Perhaps this was due to a sojourn through France before his appointment by President Lincoln. There, Frémont had rented a lavish mansion for $ 6,000 a year, paid for by the government, and surrounded himself with Hungarian and

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Frémont, along with the other presidential candidates, did not actively participate in the campaign, and he mostly stayed home at 56 West Street, in New York City. This practice was typical in presidential campaigns of the 19th century. To win the presidency, the Republicans concentrated on four

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Intent on restoring his honor and explorer reputation after his court martial, in 1848, Frémont and his father-in-law Sen. Benton developed a plan to advance their vision of Manifest Destiny. With a keen interest in the potential of railroads, Sen. Benton had sought support from the Senate for a

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along the way. Estimates of the casualties vary. Expedition members Thomas E. Breckenridge and Thomas S. Martin claim the number of Native Americans killed as "120–150" and "over 175" respectively, but the eyewitness Tustin claimed that at least 600–700 Native Americans were killed on land, with

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Rather than turning around and heading back to St. Louis, Frémont resolved to explore the Great Basin between the Rockies and the Sierras and fulfill Benton's dream of acquiring the West for the United States. Frémont and his party turned south along the eastern flank of the Cascades through the

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in St. Louis. Frémont invited Carson on the second expedition, due to his proven skills, and he joined Frémont's party on the Arkansas River. Unable to find a new route through Colorado to the South Pass, Frémont took to the regular Oregon Trail, passing the main body of the great immigration of

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nominated Frémont (age 51) for president in Cleveland. Frémont was supported by Radical Republicans, immigrants from Western Germany, and War Democrats. This fissure in the Republican Party divided the party into two factions: the anti-Lincoln Radical Republicans, who nominated Frémont, and the

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Frémont delayed obeying these orders, hoping Washington would send instructions for Frémont to be military governor. Also, the California Battalion refused to join the U.S. Army. Frémont gave orders for the California Battalion not to surrender arms, rode to Monterey to talk to Kearny, and told

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Frémont came under increasing pressure for decisive action, as Confederates controlled half of Missouri, Confederate troops under Price and McCulloch remained ready to strike, and rebel guerillas were wreaking havoc, wrecking trains, cutting telegraph lines, burning bridges, raiding farms, and

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Historians are divided in their opinions on this period of Frémont's career. Mary Lee Spence and Donald Jackson, editors of a large collection of letters by Fremont and others dating from this period, concluded that "...in the California episode, Frémont was as often right as wrong. And even a

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as their leader. The four prisoners were then taken to Frémont's camp 80 miles (130 km) away. On June 15, the prisoners and escorts arrived at Frémont's new camp on the American River, but Frémont publicly denied responsibility for the raid. The escorts then removed the prisoners south to

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So, on the morning of August 30, 1861, at dawn, Frémont, without notifying President Lincoln, issued a proclamation putting Missouri under martial law. The edict declared that civilians taken in arms against would be subject to court martial and execution, that the property of those who aided

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On June 8, 1862, at 10:00 am Frémont's infantry, composed of German immigrants, advanced on the Confederate line opening the Battle of Cross Keys and slowly pushed back the Confederate advance. The 15th Alabama Infantry held off Frémont's attack for a half hour, followed by a long range

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On July 25, 1861, Frémont arrived in St. Louis and formally took command of a Department of the West that was in crisis. Frémont was forty-eight years old, grey-haired and considered handsome. He brought with him the great reputation as "the Pathfinder of the West", for his eleven years of

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Frémont is remembered for his planting of the American flag on the Rocky Mountains during his first expedition, symbolically claiming the West for the United States. For his botanical records and information collected on his explorations, many plants are named in honor of Frémont. A large

1868:, a Democrat. Frémont won the first Senate seat, easily having 29 out of 41 votes and Gwin, having Southern backing, was elected to the second Senate seat, having won 24 out of 41 votes. By random draw of straws, Gwin won the longer Senate term while Frémont won the shorter Senate term. 955: 2372:, exercising irregular authority, led troops who captured a legal contingent of Missouri state militia camped in a Saint Louis suburb; during the capture, civilians were killed. Missouri had not officially seceded from the Union when Lyon was promoted to brigadier general by President 1677:

to its source, or gone by a more northerly route, but the route they took brought them to the very top of Mesa Mountain. By December 12, on Boot Mountain, it took ninety minutes to progress three hundred yards. Mules began dying and by December 20, only 59 animals remained alive.

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and brother of Lincoln's cabinet member. To gain control of Missouri politics, Blair complained to Washington that Frémont was "extravagant" and that his command was brimming with a "horde of pirates", who were defrauding the army. This caused Lincoln to send Adjutant General

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and charged that his wife had "for some time past indulged in criminal intercourse". When the Virginia House of Delegates refused the divorce petition, it was impossible for the couple to marry. In Savannah, Anne took in boarders while Frémon taught French and dancing. Their

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in a rainstorm on the night of December 24, 1846. Despite losing many of his horses, mules and cannons, which slid down the muddy slopes during the rainy night, his men regrouped in the foothills (behind what is today Rancho Del Ciervo) the next morning, and captured the

2194:. The popular vote went to Buchanan who received 1,836,072 votes to 1,342,345 votes received by Frémont on November 4, 1856. Fremont carried 11 states, and Buchanan carried 19. The Democrats were better organized while the Republicans had to operate on limited funding. 746:

a route for the Charleston, Louisville, and Cincinnati railroad. Working in the Carolina mountains, Frémont desired to become an explorer. Between 1837 and 1838, Frémont's desire for exploration increased while in Georgia on reconnaissance to prepare for the removal of

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Edward and Richard Kern joined J.H. Simpson's military reconnaissance expedition to the Navajos in 1849, and gave the American public some of its earliest authentic graphic images of the people and landscape of Arizona, New Mexico, and southern Colorado; with views of

1492:'s dispatches he was carrying to Washington, stating that Stockton and Fremont had successfully taken control of California. Unknown to Carson at this time, the Californians had revolted, which would lead Kearny to a disastrous attack on waiting Mexican lancers at the 2660:, were upset with Lincoln's positions on the issues of slavery and postwar reconciliation with the southern states. These radicals had bitterly resented Lincoln's dismissal of Frémont in 1861 over his emancipation edict in St. Louis. On May 31, 1864, the short-lived 9525:

Address of welcome to General John C. Fremont, governor of Arizona territory, upon the occasion of his reception by his associates of the Association Pioneers of the Territorial Days of California, at their headquarters, Sturtevant House, New York, on ... August 1,

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After the campaign, Frémont returned to California and devoted himself to his mining business on the Mariposa gold estate, estimated by some to be valued at ten million dollars. Frémont's title to Mariposa land had been confirmed by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1856.

2669:, effective January 1, 1863, that "forever" freed slaves in Southern states fighting under the Confederacy. Frémont reluctantly withdrew from the election on September 22, 1864; the following day, in a prearranged compromise, Lincoln removed the more conservative 2335:

to check in on Frémont, who reported that Frémont was incompetent and had made questionable army purchases. The imbroglio became a national scandal, and Frémont was unable to keep a handle on supply affairs. A Congressional subcommittee investigation headed by

1303:

gun misfired, the warrior drew to shoot a poison arrow; however, Frémont, seeing that Carson was in danger, trampled the warrior with his horse. Carson felt that he owed Frémont his life. A few weeks later, Frémont and his armed militia returned to California.

1286:

in retaliation for numerous killings of Native Americans that Frémont's men had engaged in along the trail, killing three members of Frémont's party in their sleep, including a Native American who was traveling with Frémont. Frémont retaliated by attacking a

670:, a wealthy Richmond resident in his early 60s. In 1810, Pryor hired Frémon to tutor his young wife Anne. Pryor confronted Anne when he found out she was having an affair with Frémon. Anne and Frémon fled to Williamsburg on July 10, 1811, later settling in 9298:

Frémont: The West's Greatest Adventurer Being a Biography from certain hitherto unpublished sources of General John C. Frémont Together with His Wife Jessie Benton Frémont and some account of the period of expansion which found a brilliant leader in The

1258:, giving the United States a relatively strong military presence in California. Castro and Mexican officials were suspicious of Frémont and he was ordered to leave the country. Frémont and his men withdrew and camped near the summit of what is now named 2040:. The Republicans, whose party had been established in 1854, were united in their opposition to the Pierce Administration and the spread of slavery into the West. Initially, Frémont was asked to be the Democratic candidate by former Virginia Governor 1612:

railroad connecting St. Louis to San Francisco along the 38th parallel, the latitude which both cities approximately share. After Benton failed to secure federal funding, Frémont secured private funding. In October 1848 he embarked with 35 men up the

1860:, without Washington approval, called for a state election to ratify the new California State constitution. On December 20, the California legislature voted to seat two senators to represent the state in the Senate. The front-runner was Frémont, a 1150:) immigrant and founder of the fort, received Frémont gladly and refitted his expedition party. While at Sutter's Fort, Frémont talked to American settlers, who were growing numerous, and found that Mexican authority over California was very weak. 2695:, an Indian name. For Jessie it was a chance to recapture some of the charm and isolation of living in the countryside, now that John had retired from politics. The house, now at 7 Pokahoe Drive in Sleepy Hollow, is currently a private residence. 7133:

The delegation of African Americans from Poughkeepsie presented Lincoln with a petition calling upon him to accept the services "of ten thousand of the sable sons, called the Fremont Legion, to be led to the field of battle." White, Jonathan W.,

1440:

arrived in Monterey to replace the 65-year-old Sloat in command of the Pacific Squadron. Sloat named Stockton commander-in-chief of all land forces in California. On July 19, Frémont's party entered Monterey, where he met with Sloat on board the

1969:

on April 16, 1854. Having completed a winter passage across the mountainous west, Frémont was optimistic that a railroad along the 38th Parallel was viable and that winter travel along the line would be possible through the Rocky Mountains.

5822: 2738:, caused by over speculation in the railroad industry, and the depression that followed, wiped out much of Frémont's remaining wealth. Their financial straits required the Frémonts to sell Pocaho in 1875, and to move back to New York City. 2542:. Lincoln himself later privately stated his sympathy for Frémont, noting that the first reformer in some area often overreaches and fails, but he continued to insist that Frémont had exceeded his authority and endangered the Union cause. 2427:

With Price retreating, Frémont become more aggressive and went on the offensive. Frémont knew the key to victory in the West was capturing control of the Mississippi River for the Union forces. Frémont decided to meet Confederate General

2222:

estate ranch. President Abraham Lincoln wanted to appoint Frémont as the American minister to France, thereby taking advantage of his French ancestry and the popularity in Europe of his anti-slavery positions. However Secretary of State

1222:, he divided his party in two to double his geographic information. Upon reaching the Arkansas River, Frémont suddenly made a blazing trail through Nevada straight to California, having a rendezvous with his men from the split party at 629:

and was relieved of his command for insubordination by Lincoln. After a brief service tenure in the Mountain Department in 1862, Frémont resided in New York, retiring from the army in 1864. He was nominated for president in 1864 by the

1436:

Monterey and Yerba Buena. Two days later, Frémont received a letter from Sloat, describing the capture of Monterey and ordering Frémont to bring at least 100 armed men to Monterey. Frémont would bring 160 men. On July 15, Commodore

13498: 13493: 1662:, they had already experienced days of bitter cold, blinding snow and difficult travel. Some of the party, including the guide Wootton, had already turned back, concluding that further travel would be impossible. Benjamin Kern and 1839:

law firm that employed Park, partnered with Frémont in several successful business ventures. Billings later embarked on several trips to Europe in an unsuccessful effort to sell Frémont's Mariposa mine shares. At the start of the

988:, and report on the rivers and the fertility of the lands, find optimal sites for forts, and describe the mountains beyond in Wyoming. By chance meeting, Frémont was able to gain the valuable assistance of mountain man and guide 2411:

Responding the best he could to the Confederate and state militia threat, Frémont raised volunteer troops, purchased open market weapons and equipment, and sent his wife, Jessie, to Washington, D.C., where she lobbied President

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and served from 1878 to 1881. He spent little time in Arizona, and was asked to resume his duties in person or resign; Frémont chose resignation. Destitute, the family depended on the publication earnings of his wife Jessie.

3846:, the "largest and most expensive trophy in college football is a replica of a cannon that accompanied Captain John C. Frémont on his expedition through Oregon, Nevada and California in 1843–44". The annual game between the 7440:. Series: Case Files of Approved Pension Applications of Widows and Other Dependents of the Army and Navy Who Served Mainly in the Civil War and the War with Spain, 1861–1934. National Archives and Records Administration. 2099:. Jessie and the Republican propaganda machine ran a strong campaign, but she was unable to get her powerful father, Senator Benton, to support Frémont. While praising Frémont, Benton announced his support for Buchanan. 1581:

and reinstated him into the Army, due to his war services. Polk felt that Frémont was guilty of disobeying orders and misconduct, but he did not believe Frémont was guilty of mutiny. Additionally, Polk wished to placate

8970:

The Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, Oregon and California, to Which is Added A Description of the Physical Geography of California. With Recent Notices of the Gold Region from the Latest and Most Authentic

1186:

the Oregon Trail was not difficult to travel and that the Northwest had fertile land. Senator Buchanan ordered the printing of 10,000 copies to be used by settlers and fervor the popular movement of national expansion.

1238:

on December 9. Frémont promptly sought to stir up patriotic enthusiasm among the American settlers there. He promised that if war with Mexico started, his military force would protect the settlers. Frémont went to

4108: 1795:. Frémont was informed by Sonora Mexicans that gold had been discovered on his property. Frémont was instantly a wealthy man, a five-mile quartz vein produced hundreds of pounds of placer gold each month. In 1851 5673:

the opinion of some Fremont's conduct has laid him liable to the charge of mutiny-at all events I think no other LtCol. in the service would have paid so little attention to the orders of his commanding officer-"

1822:

land mining for gold. There was question whether the three mining districts on the land were public domain, while the Merced Mining Company was actively mining on Frémont's property. Since Alvarado had purchased

4173:

for a formal federal exploration party. Eaton resigned, however, and Smith was killed by Comanches, and nothing became of the expedition. Smith's map would later be superimposed by George Gibbs on a base map by

2476:, a steamboat landing across the river from Columbus, in an effort to drive Confederate General Price from Missouri. Grant had earlier requested to attack Columbus, but Frémont had overruled Grant's initiative. 1521:

on January 13, 1847, which terminated the war in upper California. It was at this time Kearny ordered Frémont to join his military dragoons, but Frémont refused, believing he was under authority of Stockton.

1218:, on the east side of the Rocky Mountains. Frémont and his party struck west by way of Bent's Fort, The Great Salt Lake, and the "Hastings Cut-Off". When Frémont reached the Ogden River, which he renamed the 9893: 7472: 2071:, for vice president, at their June 1856 convention held in Philadelphia. The Republican campaign used the slogan "Free Soil, Free Men, and Frémont" to crusade for free farms (homesteads) and against the 13871: 9611: 1122:, reaching the Carson River on January 18, 1844. From an area near what later became Virginia City, Frémont turned west into the cold and snowy Sierra Nevada, becoming one of the first Americans to see 2757:

in retirement. In April 1890, he was reappointed as a major general and then added to the Army's retired list, an action taken to ease his financial condition by enabling him to qualify for a pension.

2765:

symptoms progressed to peritonitis (an abdominal infection) which caused his death. At the time he died, Frémont was popularly known as the "Pathfinder of the Rocky Mountains". Initially interred at

2063:

were able to get Frémont to join their political party. Seeking a united front and a fresh face for the party, the Republicans nominated Frémont for president over other candidates, and conservative

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and appointed temporary commander of the Department of the West. Lyon, who believed a show of force would keep Missouri in the Union, effectively declared war on secession-minded Missouri governor

2256:

authority on how to conduct his campaign and to use his own judgement, while talking on the steps of the White House portico. Frémont's main goal as commander of the Western Armies was to protect

8189: 625:. Frémont had successes during his brief tenure there, though he ran his department autocratically and made hasty decisions without consulting President Lincoln or Army headquarters. He issued 1828:

years until the Supreme Court finally ruled in Frémont's favor in 1856. Although Frémont's legal victory allowed him to keep his wealth, it created lingering animosity among his neighbors.

1385:. The three were murdered in cold blood. Exactly who committed the murders is a point of controversy, but later accounts point to Carson acting at the behest, if not the order, of Frémont. 20183: 1628:

and Richard Kern, and their brother Benjamin Kern, were part of the expedition, but Frémont was unable to obtain the valued service of Kit Carson as guide as in his previous expeditions.

1590:

cursory investigation of the court-martial record produces one undeniable conclusion: neither side in the controversy acquitted itself with distinction." Allan Nevins states that Kearny:

9014: 2250:, himself making a plan to clear all Confederates out of Missouri and to make a general campaign down the Mississippi and advance on Memphis. According to Frémont, Lincoln had given him 20308: 1872:

called "Frémont's Gold Bill". Frémont voted against harsh penalties for those who assisted runaway slaves and he was in favor of abolishing the slave trade in the District of Columbia.

2318:

Frémont's arrival brought an aristocratic air that raised eyebrows and general disapproval among the people of St. Louis. Soon after he came into command, Frémont became involved in a

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During his European tour, Frémont had contracted 10,000 rifles from France and $ 75,000 in cannon and shells from England to be sent to the United States, having obtained the aid of

2298:

appeared to be uncontrollable. Frémont was responsible for safeguarding Missouri and all of the Northwest. Frémont's mission was to organize, equip, and lead the Union Army down the

1177:, without any outlet rivers flowing towards the sea. The finding contributed greatly to a better understanding of North American geography, and disproved a longstanding legend of a " 2416:

for more reinforcements. While commanding the Department of the West, Frémont was looking for a brigadier general to command a post at Cairo. At first Frémont was going to appoint

1938:

Weeks of snow and bitter cold took its toll and slowed progress. Nonessential equipment was abandoned and one man died before the struggling party reached the Mormon settlement of

1673:

Although the passes through the Sangre de Cristo had proven too steep for a railroad, Frémont pressed on. From this point the party might still have succeeded had they gone up the

1369:

Sutter's Fort, where they were imprisoned by Sutter under Frémont's orders. It was at this time Frémont began signing letters as "Military Commander of U.S. Forces in California".

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The incident did not reflect well on Frémont and his men and the killings may have been done in retaliation for the two Osos men who were tortured and killed by the Californios.

2730:

in February 1866, when the company defaulted in its interest payment. In June 1866 the state conveyed the company to Frémont in a private sale. He reorganized its assets as the

9218:

Gano, Geneva M. "At the Frontier of Precision and Persuasion: The Convergence of Natural Philosophy and National Philosophy in John C. Fremont's 1842, 1843–44 Report and Map,"

1018:(1843), which was printed in newspapers across the country; the public embraced his vision of the west not as a place of danger but wide open and inviting lands to be settled. 650:

argue, lie in his having been born "illegitimate" (to unwed parents) and in his drive for success, need for self-justification, and passive-aggressive behavior. His biographer

20323: 14703: 12882: 5977: 2734:

in August, but less than a year later (June 1867), the railroad was repossessed by the state after Frémont was unable to pay the second installment of the purchase price. The

3261: 2961: 13522: 2639: 2178:) next to the Clifton ferry landing. Many campaign rallies were held on the lawn, now the corner of Greenfield and Bay Street. Frémont was defeated, having placed second to 4230:

make a map of Upper Oregon and California. Additionally, hundreds of species of plants in two huge cases from Bent's Fort and San Francisco were sent back east to botanist

20318: 2534:

Finally Lincoln decided Frémont had to go. He issued an order removing Frémont from command of the Western Department, which was hand-delivered to him by Lincoln's friend

2440:, without firing a shot, after Polk had violated Kentucky neutrality and had captured Columbus. The result was that the Kentucky legislature voted to remain in the Union. 1803:, was appointed chairman of the federal commission created to settle Mexican land titles in California; he traveled to San Francisco to begin his work, and his son-in-law 8239: 3886:(Mechanized) is called the Pathfinder Division, after Frémont. The gold arrow on the 8th ID crest is called the "Arrow of General Frémont". The 8th Division was based at 1078:

and in to Oregon. Frémont's endurance, energy, and resourcefulness over the long journey was remarkable. Traveling west along the Columbia, they came within sight of the

12875: 11737: 9838: 9420:

The Life of Col. John Charles Fremont, and His Narrative of Explorations and Adventures in Kansas, Nebraska, Oregon and California: The Memoir by Samuel M. Smucker, A.M.

1348:, where American immigrants ready for revolt against Mexican authority joined his party. From there he made another attack on local Native Americans in a rancheria (see 717:, teaching at intervals in the countryside, but was expelled for irregular attendance in 1831. Frémont, however, had been grounded in mathematics and natural sciences. 11678: 9626: 20298: 2025: 968:

When Nicollet was too ill to continue any further explorations, Frémont was chosen to be his successor. His first important expedition was planned by Benton, Senator

7384: 4226:

No formal record of Frémont's third expedition was ever made, as in his previous expeditions, or when it actually ended. Frémont, however, did help his cartographer

4058: 821:

of Missouri, powerful chairman of the Senate Committee on Military Affairs. Benton invited Frémont to his Washington home where he met Benton's 16-year-old daughter

8902:

Rogers, Fred B. (September 1950). "Bear Flag Lieutenant: The Life Story of Henry L. Ford (1822–1860), with Some Related and Contemporary Art of Alexander Edouart".

1864:, known for being a western hero, and regarded by many as an innocent victim of an unjustified court-martial. The other candidates were T. Butler King, a Whig, and 13508: 13503: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 8078: 2815:, going against the grain of Army gossip, was fruitful; Grant went on to become the greatest Union general. He invested heavily in the railroad industry, but the 20328: 20268: 19513: 7464: 18968: 18963: 14450: 10475: 9877: 1517:

and the town without bloodshed. A few days later, Frémont led his men southeast towards Los Angeles. Fremont accepted Andres Pico's surrender upon signing the

666:

immigrant school-teacher, and Anne Beverley Whiting, the youngest daughter of socially prominent Virginia planter Col. Thomas Whiting. At age 17, Anne married

1500:

and his forces. It was at this time a dispute began between Stockton and Kearny over who had control of the military, but the two managed to work together to

18973: 7915: 7281: 634:, a breakaway faction of abolitionist Republicans, but he withdrew before the election. After the Civil War, he lost much of his wealth in the unsuccessful 20293: 19734: 19623: 19608: 17452: 11363: 10521: 9485: 3832: 2125:

Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage for Frémont in each county. This caricature tries to link Frémont to other "strange" movements like

7251: 5555:. Series: Carded Records Showing Military Service of Soldiers Who Fought in Volunteer Organizations During the Mexican War, 1899–1927. National Archives. 20188: 19400: 19320: 17848: 14103: 1594:

was a stern-tempered soldier who made few friends and many enemies – who has been justly characterized by the most careful historian of the period,

739: 8564:

Frémont and '49: The Story of a Remarkable Career and its Relation to the Exploration and Development of our Western Territory, Especially of California

8181: 17582: 20128: 19428: 14443: 10845: 10173: 10169: 10165: 10125: 9870: 1811:

the gold on his property in exchange for a percentage of the profits. Frémont acquired large landholdings in San Francisco, and while developing his

9616: 4638: 3001: 1562:. He was charged with mutiny, disobedience of orders, assumption of powers, and several other military offenses. Ordered by Kearny to report to the 972:, and other Westerners interested in acquiring the Oregon Territory. The scientific expedition started in the summer of 1842 and was to explore the 20258: 20238: 17843: 13890: 13883: 10710: 1931:

and continuing west into central Utah. But following the trail was made difficult by snow cover. On occasion, they were able to detect evidence of

9517:

Memoirs of my life : including in the narrative five journeys of western explorations during the years 1842, 1843–4, 1845–6–7, 1848–9, 1853–4

767:, trained in astronomy, and geology, describing fauna, flora, soil, and water resources. Gaining valuable western frontier experience Frémont met 531:(January 21, 1813 – July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, military officer, and politician. He was a United States senator from 20253: 19618: 19593: 19395: 19303: 17853: 17587: 14168: 14093: 13973: 11753: 11700: 11356: 10514: 9467: 8578: 7856:

A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways

2538:

on 2 November. Lincoln's actions prompted much hostility among Radical Republicans throughout the North, including from old friends like Senator

2037: 849:

to California. Through his power and influence, Senator Benton obtained for Frémont the leadership, funding, and patronage of three expeditions.

826: 536: 2472:. This was the first and only Union victory in the West for the year 1861. On November 1, Frémont ordered Grant to make a demonstration against 20278: 20233: 19445: 19088: 18477: 18356: 14151: 13842: 11671: 11379: 9799: 9010: 8875: 8598: 1954:, California, on the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Frémont journeyed south before crossing the Sierra Nevadas and entering the 594:

against indigenous peoples. Frémont was court-martialed and convicted of mutiny and insubordination after a conflict over who was the rightful

7413: 5839: 5456: 1265:

After a four-day standoff and Castro having a superior number of Mexican troops, Frémont and his men went north to Oregon, bringing about the

1181:" that flowed out the Great Basin across the Sierra Nevada. After exploring Utah Lake, Frémont traveled by way of the Pueblo until he reached 20243: 19972: 19330: 19083: 19078: 18504: 13398: 8352: 20273: 20213: 20153: 20143: 18336: 17406: 14708: 12522: 12502: 12482: 12462: 12442: 12422: 12402: 12382: 12362: 12342: 12322: 12302: 12282: 12262: 12242: 12222: 12202: 12182: 12162: 12142: 12122: 12102: 12082: 12062: 12042: 12022: 12002: 11982: 11962: 11332: 10381: 8298: 4191:

said after the report, "Frémont has touched my imagination. What a wild life, and what a fresh kind of existence! But ah, the discomforts!"

3906: 1681:

It was not until December 22 that Frémont acknowledged that the party needed to regroup and be resupplied. They began to make their way to

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traveled with him. Frémont hired Park as a managing partner to oversee the day-to-day activities of the estate, and Mexican laborers to

709:, leaving Anne a widow to take care of John and several young children alone on a limited inherited income. Anne and her family moved to 224: 9631: 8779: 8380: 7860: 4916: 2340:

and a later Commission on War Claims investigation into the entire Western Department confirmed that many of Blair's charges were true.

1045:

Oregon Country. Frémont and his almost 40 well-equipped men left the Missouri River in May after he controversially obtained a 12-pound

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during his times, was considered an American hero. Many people believed that Frémont's arrest and court-martial by Kearny during the

2294:. Frémont's duties upon taking command of the Western Department were broad, his resources were limited, and the secession crisis in 1979: 1182: 8132: 5984: 4187:

says, "Frémont became an instant celebrity, a champion of expansion, a conqueror wielding not a sword but a compass and a transit."

20168: 19754: 19689: 18391: 18366: 17602: 17577: 17527: 17507: 16335: 14475: 14471: 14467: 14113: 13945: 13940: 13682: 10689: 10662: 10648: 10621: 10607: 10580: 10566: 10301: 10291: 10287: 10277: 10273: 10263: 10253: 10243: 10223: 10213: 10203: 10193: 10155: 10135: 10115: 10075: 10065: 10055: 10045: 10035: 10025: 10015: 10005: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9977: 9967: 9957: 9947: 9937: 9933: 9923: 9913: 9847: 6373: 4201:

and Map"; it guided thousands of overland immigrants to Oregon and California from 1845 to 1849. In 1849 Joseph Ware published his

2268:

was the fighting general needed to secure Missouri from the Confederates. Frémont had to contend with a hard-driving Union General

2183: 606:

while buying cheap land in the Sierra foothills. Gold was found on his Mariposa ranch, and Frémont became a wealthy man during the

540: 341: 7941: 2095:

popular attention much more than potential First Ladies, and Republicans celebrated her participation in the campaign calling her

20208: 19957: 19932: 19648: 19345: 19241: 19093: 18426: 18306: 17517: 13935: 13144: 12989: 12541: 11789: 11337: 10812: 10725: 10485: 10451: 10351: 4031: 2643: 2260:, at all costs in order for the Union Army to move southward on the Mississippi River. Both Frémont and his subordinate, General 1942:

in southwestern Utah on February 8, 1854. After spending two weeks in Parowan to regain strength, the party continued across the

631: 337: 18316: 14278: 9547: 4821:

Map of an exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the year 1842 and to Oregon & North California in the years 1843–44

2044:

and the powerful Preston family. Frémont announced that he was for Free Soil Kansas and was against the enforcement of the 1850

1270:

another 200 or more dying in the water. There are no records of any expedition members being killed or wounded in the massacre.

19898: 19643: 18386: 18381: 18056: 14073: 14053: 13828: 13577: 11229: 10431: 10421: 10341: 9497: 9405:(Greeley and M'Elrath, New York, 1856). This 32-page pamphlet does not identify its author, but Greeley's company published it. 8229: 2854: 2138: 1067: 18226: 8638: 5579:"Bounty Land Application File of Lieutenant Colonel John C. Fremont, Colonel Percifer Smith's Regiment of U.S. Mounted Rifles" 20283: 20123: 19470: 18462: 18457: 18321: 18221: 17472: 16320: 15045: 14765: 14098: 13995: 13808: 11387: 11174: 10838: 10411: 9358: 9182: 9168: 9097: 9043: 8892: 8710: 8517: 8477: 7767: 7234: 7159: 7095: 6146: 4983: 4910: 3883: 2231:

Major General on May 15, 1861. He arrived in Boston from England on June 27, 1861, and Lincoln promoted him commander of the

1214:

On June 1, 1845, Frémont and his armed expedition party left St. Louis having the immediate goal to locate the source of the

9175:

Passion and Principle, John and Jessie Fremont, The Couple whose Power, Politics, and Love Shaped Nineteenth-Century America

9103: 8758: 7227:

Passion and Principle, John and Jessie Fremont, The Couple whose Power, Politics, and Love Shaped Nineteenth-Century America

2886:

Elizabeth Benton "Lily" Frémont was born in Washington, D.C., on November 15, 1842. She died in Los Angeles on May 28, 1919.

1298:, although the people living there might not have been involved in the first action. The village was at the junction of the 1254:, under the pretext of gaining fuller supplies. In February 1846, Frémont reunited with 45 men of his expedition party near 646:

from 1878 to 1881. After his resignation as governor, he retired from politics and died destitute in New York City in 1890.

19729: 19433: 19405: 18644: 18452: 18421: 18351: 18211: 17785: 16376: 11705: 11525: 10673: 9581: 7784: 7381: 4632: 1900:

during winter to document the amount of snow and the feasibility of winter rail passage along the route. His photographer (

1360:(Spanish for "bears") by the residents of Sonoma, amidst a brandy-filled party, hoisted a roughly sewn flag and formed the 9201:

Fleek, Sherman L. "The Kearny/Stockton/Frémont Feud: The Mormon Battalion's Most Significant Contribution in California."

6126: 5906: 1496:, losing 19 men killed and being himself seriously lanced. He was later reinforced when Stockton sent troops to drive off 829:

leader for more than 30 years in the Senate, championed the expansionist movement, a political cause that became known as

19719: 19709: 19360: 19068: 18431: 18396: 18291: 17869: 17347: 14566: 14491: 14369: 13697: 12530: 12509: 12489: 12469: 12449: 12429: 12409: 12389: 12369: 12349: 12329: 12309: 12289: 12269: 12249: 12229: 12209: 12189: 12169: 12149: 12129: 12109: 12089: 12069: 12049: 12029: 12009: 11989: 11969: 11945: 11932: 11919: 11906: 11893: 11880: 11867: 11854: 11841: 11828: 11815: 11802: 11776: 11763: 10720: 10715: 10550: 10391: 10233: 9862: 8952:

The Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the Years 1843–44

7677: 7596: 7079: 2186:; he did not carry his home state of California. Frémont received 114 electoral votes to 174 votes received by Buchanan. 1983: 392: 18346: 8498:

Kit Carson's Own Story of His Life, As dictated to Col. And Mrs. D.C. Peters about 1856–1857, and never before published

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Upon Fremont's death, his wife Jessie received a Civil War Pension with an annual income of $ 2,000 ($ 67,822 in 2023).

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Legal issues, however, soon mounted over property and mineral rights. Disputes erupted as squatters moved on Frémont's

8671:

Military governments in California, 1846–1850; with a chapter on their prior use in Louisiana, Florida, and New Mexico

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A Doctor Comes To California, The Diary of John S. Griffin, M.D. Assistant Surgeon with Kearny's Dragoons 1846–1847,

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Griffin, John S., Introduction and notes by Ames, George Walcott, Jr, and foreword by Lyman, George D. (1943) p. 70.

4477: 4446: 3979: 3557: 3445:, South Carolina – one of two surviving coastal fortifications in the United States from the Spanish–American War era 3395: 3287: 2987: 2657: 2464:, Frémont and about 40,000 troops set out to regain Springfield. On October 25, 1861, Frémont's forces, led by Major 2142: 738:, sailing the South American seas in 1833. Frémont resigned from the navy and was appointed second lieutenant in the 9286:

Miller, David. "Heroes of American Empire: John C. Frémont, Kit Carson, and the Culture of Imperialism, 1842–1898",

8158: 7618: 7616: 7614: 4131:, on December 8, 1768, named Louis-René Frémont Louis-René left Quebec on a French ship travelling to the colony of 2531:, which ended Frémont's alliance with the Blair family, who had backed him for the presidential nomination in 1856. 1875:

Democratic pro-slavery opponents of Frémont, called the Chivs, strongly opposed Frémont's re-election, and endorsed

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Imperfect Union: How Jessie and John Frémont Mapped the West, Invented Celebrity, and Helped Cause the Civil War

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to construct a house, corral, and barn. Frémont ordered a sawmill and had it shipped by the Aspinwall steamer

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James F. Milligan: His Journal of Fremont's Fifth Expedition, 1853–1854; His Adventurous Life on Land and Sea

7737: 1836: 457: 2079:, however, had voter appeal and remained the symbol of the Republican Party. The Democratic Party nominated 1844:, Billings acted as Frémont's agent when Frémont took the initiative to purchase arms in England for use by 1570:, but was convicted on January 31, 1848, of disobedience toward a superior officer and military misconduct. 20313: 20288: 20203: 20163: 19598: 19340: 19130: 19105: 18817: 17892: 17597: 17537: 16355: 16325: 16191: 16059: 15749: 14184: 14160: 13878: 13767: 13657: 13622: 13572: 13557: 12686: 12661: 12625: 12559: 9718: 8593: 3061: 2626: 2572: 2417: 2261: 1583: 1153:

Leaving Sutter's Fort, Frémont and his men headed south following Smith's trail on the eastern edge of the

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Compiled Military Service Record of Lieutenant Colonel John Charles Fremont, California Battalion Regiment

4830: 1887:, supported by the Chivs, was elected one year later to the empty Senate seat previously held by Frémont. 751:. When Poinsett became Secretary of War, he arranged for Frémont to assist French explorer and scientist 20193: 20178: 20078: 20029: 19777: 19528: 19365: 19355: 19350: 19308: 18732: 18031: 17482: 17392: 16216: 16211: 16160: 16155: 15410: 15163: 13990: 13905: 13859: 13687: 13582: 13562: 12889: 12649: 12637: 12545: 10948: 9929: 8562: 5468: 3468: 3380: 2878:

John C. Frémont II was a career officer in the United States Navy, and attained the rank of rear admiral.

2469: 2457: 2389: 1879:. Rushing back to California hoping to thwart the Chivs, Frémont started his own election newspaper, the 1178: 1173:, Frémont verified that all the land (centered on modern-day Nevada between Reno and Salt Lake City) was 1147: 544: 501: 495: 20118: 10924: 8451: 5819: 1126:. Carson successfully led Frémont's party through a new pass over the high Sierras, which Frémont named 20052: 19920: 19508: 19335: 19218: 19196: 19125: 19040: 18101: 17902: 17780: 17762: 17373: 16340: 16132: 15971: 14727: 14364: 13910: 13747: 12667: 11194: 10506: 8799: 6064: 4188: 4169:

As early as 1831, Smith had made a map of the West and had requested Andrew Jackson's Secretary of War

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objected to Frémont's radicalism, and the appointment was not made. Instead, Lincoln appointed Frémont

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Benton Frémont was born in Washington on July 24, 1848; he died in St. Louis before he was a year old.

682:, where she gave birth to their son Frémont out of wedlock. Pryor published a divorce petition in the 20102: 20039: 19952: 19908: 19714: 19496: 19298: 19271: 19251: 19152: 18958: 18863: 18161: 18076: 17992: 17642: 17567: 17314: 16406: 15951: 15881: 15603: 14329: 14204: 14048: 13752: 13717: 13672: 13662: 13647: 13637: 13602: 13567: 12643: 10884: 10603: 9728: 9661: 9344: 9035: 4852: 4294: 4004: 3545: 3464: 3071: 2666: 2528: 2461: 2323: 2175: 1514: 1501: 1458: 1299: 1266: 1259: 858: 583: 121: 8636:

Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (IDEALS)|accessed September 2018

8588: 7622: 7554: 5453: 2703: 1356:, taking him and three others prisoner. The following day, the rebelling Americans, who were called 19915: 19799: 19724: 19699: 19694: 19658: 19578: 19276: 19261: 18842: 18126: 18091: 18026: 17967: 17962: 17692: 16973: 16718: 16708: 16226: 16145: 16122: 14234: 13813: 13787: 13762: 13667: 13612: 13607: 13587: 13552: 13542: 9480: 9141: 8910:(3). University of California Press in association with the California Historical Society: 261–78. 8349: 7886: 7405: 7122:

The Black Man's President: Abraham Lincoln, African Americans, & the Pursuit of Racial Equality

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was near San Francisco or Monterey, but was disappointed to learn that it was further inland, near

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Approved Pension File for Jessie Benton Fremont, Widow of Major General John C. Fremont, U.S. Army

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Douglas R. Egerton, "The Slaves' Election: Frémont, Freedom, and the Slave Conspiracies of 1856."

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Trails of Historic New Mexico: Routes Used by Indian, Spanish and American Travelers Through 1886

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American emigrants overland into the West starting in the mid-1840s. Frémont, popularly known as

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Having reentered Mexican California headed south, Frémont and his army expedition stopped off at

776: 610:. He became one of the first two U.S. senators elected from the new state of California in 1850. 513: 35: 8402: 8302: 8286: 6138: 4438: 3928:, which documented Frémont's first presidential campaign and the world in which it was embedded. 3256:

may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

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from 1868 to 1911, and attained the rank of rear admiral. He served as commander of the monitor

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Frémont perhaps could have been averted had methods of communication been what they are today."

1281:, killing Native Americans on sight as they went. On May 8, Frémont was overtaken by Lieutenant 1229: 626: 19888: 19588: 19162: 18752: 18589: 18564: 18096: 17997: 17912: 17652: 17561: 17127: 17049: 16950: 16878: 16698: 16693: 16632: 16559: 16411: 16330: 16299: 16054: 15400: 15284: 14983: 14933: 14682: 14304: 14294: 13900: 13632: 13597: 13189: 13159: 11957: 11114: 11061: 11010: 11005: 10995: 10854: 10792: 10161: 10121: 10011: 9691: 8960: 5953: 4631: 3891: 3733: 3481: 3455: 3390: 3197: 2420:, but upon the recommendation of Major McKinstry, he interviewed unobtrusive Brigadier General 2232: 2030: 1932: 1905: 1761: 1655: 1578: 1462: 1374: 1349: 1316: 1282: 1139: 1010: 618: 591: 471: 8679: 8261: 8036: 7997: 7351: 7176: 7149: 4973: 1650:

Had Frémont continued up the Arkansas, he might have succeeded. On November 25 at what is now

1486:"Should you conquer and take possession of California, you will establish a civil government." 19804: 19704: 19518: 19167: 19120: 19030: 18998: 18705: 18695: 18141: 18131: 18116: 18066: 18021: 17677: 17662: 17555: 17324: 17104: 17074: 17026: 16883: 16728: 16622: 16604: 16386: 16246: 16196: 16165: 16102: 16044: 15779: 15643: 15420: 15314: 14848: 14793: 14339: 14314: 13985: 13757: 13712: 12197: 11299: 11087: 10771: 9790: 9749: 9656: 8775: 8553: 8403:"2007 Roger K. Warlick Local History Achievement Award from Georgia Historical Society (GHS)" 8372: 7854: 5276: 4900: 4205:

which was largely drawn from Frémont's report, and was to guide the forty-niners through the

3616: 3333: 3167: 3041: 3021: 2923: 2287: 2236: 2010: 1832: 1636: 1493: 1341: 1330: 1295: 1111: 1090:. Reaching the Dalles on November 5, Frémont left his party and traveled to the British-held 768: 721: 714: 587: 567: 381: 177: 157: 7806: 7719: 2246:

After Frémont arrived in Washington, D.C., he conferred with Lincoln and Commanding General

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here is not a day to lose in disavowing emancipation or Kentucky is gone over the mill dam.

2224: 1951: 1897: 1745: 1727: 1686: 1505: 1473: 1466: 1450: 1240: 1223: 1115: 985: 973: 846: 607: 603: 563: 507: 467: 216: 128: 39: 10874: 9892: 9506: 8776:"John C. Frémont Called "The Pathfinder," His Expeditions and Writings Inspired Americans" 8634:

PDF versions of the three volumes of this work are available for download. Volume 2 is at

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Groom, Winston: Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846–1847 (p. 249)

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According to biographer Andrew F. Rolle (1991), Frémont's father was born in Québec City,

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Anne Beverly Fremont was born in France on February 1, 1853, and died five months later.

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United States presidential election, 1864 § Temporary split in the Republican Party

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before regaining Smith's trail north through Utah and back to South Pass. Exploring the

934:, explored much of the American West in the 1820s. Frémont, who would later be known as 19793: 19663: 19189: 19174: 19055: 19013: 18985: 18822: 18787: 18634: 18594: 18111: 18081: 18071: 17947: 17942: 17922: 17917: 17897: 17647: 17550: 17467: 17415: 17195: 17152: 17147: 17114: 17069: 16988: 16930: 16840: 16675: 16617: 16579: 16279: 16274: 16117: 16034: 15976: 15739: 15568: 15513: 15279: 15053: 14948: 14624: 14609: 14539: 14179: 14000: 13865: 13294: 13234: 13124: 13019: 13001: 12977: 12899: 12744: 12726: 11923: 11914: 11836: 11725: 11720: 11710: 11565: 11405: 11054: 10283: 10071: 9684: 9515: 9348: 9063: 8975: 8919: 8869: 8738: 8572: 8505: 8466: 7937: 5946: 4623: 4431: 4331:

Andrew Rolle, "Exploring an Explorer: California, Psychohistory, and John C. Fremont",

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John Charles Frémont Jr. was born in San Francisco on April 19, 1851. He served in the

2863: 2808: 2770: 2594: 2433: 2337: 2218:, Frémont was touring Europe in an attempt to find financial backers in his California 2215: 2052: 1959: 1924: 1841: 1651: 1547: 1518: 1461:. In September, Mexican Californians unwilling to be ruled by the United States, under 1454: 1437: 1432: 1361: 1337: 1278: 1154: 1031: 899: 732: 614: 489: 426: 247: 8968: 2605:

for eight days, finally engaging part of Jackson's force, led by Richard S. Ewell, at

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In 1856, Frémont (age 43) became the first presidential candidate of the newly-formed

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wrote that Frémont lived a dramatic life of remarkable successes and dismal failures.

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supporter, who secured Frémont an appointment as a teacher of mathematics aboard the

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Unknown to anyone in California until October 1846, Frémont had been commissioned a

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in Oakland, California, marking the spot of his first view of the San Francisco Bay.

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Francis Preston Fremont was born on May 17, 1855. He died in Cuba in September 1931.

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The Expeditions of John Charles Frémont: The Bear Flag Revolt and the Court-Martial

7465:"Standing TALL: Sculpture of John C. Fremont displayed at Pathfinder Regional Park" 6251: 6134: 5300: 3869: 3739: 3702: 3436: 3361: 3187: 3127: 3081: 2919: 2858: 2819:

wiped out Frémont's fortune, and his appearance thereafter looked tired and aging.

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Birthplace of John C. Frémont historical marker – Georgia Historical Society

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A Newer World: Kit Carson, John C. Frémont, and the Claiming of the American West

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List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States

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Lincoln, fearing that Frémont's emancipation order would tip Missouri (and other

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while organizing a new regiment of mounted riflemen to fight the newly declared

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for president, who won the presidency and then ran for re-election in 1864. The

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and became a rancher, borrowing money from his father-in-law Benton and Senator

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Kearny, who had earlier trimmed his forces from 300 to 100 dragoons, based upon

662:

John Charles Frémont was born on January 21, 1813, the son of Charles Frémon, a

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Oil Portrait of John Charles Frémont, 1878–1882 Territorial Governor of Arizona

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delivered by a West Coast shipyard. It struck a mine in Manila harbor in 1945.

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On February 10, 1847, Frémont purchased a 70-square-mile parcel of land in the

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Taking 16 men, Frémont split his party again, arriving at Sutter's Fort in the

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The Generals of the American Civil War – Pictures of John Charles Frémont

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Immersed in Great Affairs: Allan Nevins and the Heroic Age of American History

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found there, the land had previously been owned by former California governor

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warriors while retracing the expedition trail to look for gear and survivors.

1251: 1114:, which he named. Looping back to the east to stay on the eastern side of the 602:, but Frémont resigned from the Army. Afterwards, he settled in California at 20112: 19313: 18913: 18908: 18898: 18873: 18782: 18777: 18619: 18614: 18599: 18569: 18539: 17877: 17502: 17243: 17220: 17142: 16978: 16817: 16642: 16594: 16490: 16236: 15946: 15896: 15826: 15709: 15653: 15538: 15497: 15471: 15466: 15451: 15425: 15395: 15375: 15329: 15309: 15299: 15244: 15239: 15173: 15153: 15138: 15008: 14998: 14943: 14913: 14888: 14843: 14803: 14404: 14384: 14219: 14214: 14068: 13393: 13334: 13219: 13043: 12774: 12313: 12293: 12253: 12233: 12193: 12177: 12157: 11901: 11888: 11862: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11505: 11485: 11480: 11455: 11445: 11430: 11415: 11410: 11274: 11254: 11249: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11199: 11154: 11139: 11119: 11049: 11000: 10761: 10297: 10219: 9269: 8857: 8234: 7636: 7382:"The Old Pathfinder Dead; Gen. John C. Fremont Expired at his Home Yesterday" 7136:

A House Built by Slaves: African American Visitors to the Lincoln White House

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The Expeditions of John Charles Frémont; Chapter 3; Travels from 1848 to 1854

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Attacks against Native Americans in California and Oregon Country (1845–1846)

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Frémont's exploration work with Nicollet brought him in contact with Senator

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This Land Was Mexican Once: Histories of Resistance from Northern California

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The Cause of All Nations: An International History of the American Civil War

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Stephen Craig Weiss, "The John C. Fremont '1842, 1843–'44 Report' and Map,"

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Frémont is commemorated by many places and other things named in his honor.

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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

2784: 574:. In the 1840s, he led five expeditions into the western states. During the 19782: 19759: 19749: 19744: 19281: 19223: 19135: 19110: 19023: 19003: 18802: 18700: 17342: 17225: 17031: 16850: 16531: 16470: 16458: 16011: 15996: 15991: 15986: 15836: 15784: 15769: 15729: 15658: 15638: 15628: 15613: 15584: 15572: 15563: 15518: 15508: 15289: 15249: 15224: 15219: 15188: 15158: 15133: 15118: 15093: 15068: 15063: 15058: 14908: 14639: 14394: 14379: 14244: 14229: 14224: 13413: 13408: 13329: 13309: 13264: 13214: 13184: 13149: 13073: 13055: 12840: 12828: 12720: 12708: 12696: 12513: 12493: 12473: 11823: 11645: 11435: 11420: 11309: 11164: 10766: 10741: 10613: 10447: 10347: 10209: 9408: 9293: 9281:

Sight Unseen: How Frémont's First Expedition Changed the American Landscape

9244: 8956: 8795: 8539: 8417: 6894: 3887: 3836: 3442: 2838: 2665:

pro-Lincoln Republicans. On September 22, 1862, Lincoln had issued his own

2512: 2432:

head-on to control the trunk of the Mississippi. In a turning point of the

2191: 2153: 2060: 2056: 1947: 1698: 1617: 1446: 1415: 1326: 1274:, one of the mounted attackers, later stated, "It was a perfect butchery." 1204: 1027: 997: 993: 981: 943: 919: 834: 729: 651: 570:

for two years until he was expelled after irregular attendance. He opposed

556: 10823: 8988: 3308: 2616: 2272:, whose irregular war policy disturbed the complex loyalties of Missouri. 1262:. Frémont raised the United States Flag in defiance of Mexican authority. 578:, he was a major in the U.S. Army and took control of California from the 18554: 17592: 17572: 17273: 17132: 16627: 16475: 16074: 15981: 15941: 15901: 15811: 15744: 15580: 15576: 15558: 15553: 15543: 15533: 15528: 15523: 15503: 15485: 15481: 15476: 15415: 15405: 15380: 15365: 15360: 15345: 15229: 15108: 15088: 15078: 14958: 14838: 14788: 14619: 14424: 14389: 14359: 13432: 13427: 13418: 13403: 13378: 13364: 13229: 13025: 12935: 12834: 12732: 12453: 12437: 12433: 12417: 12397: 12273: 12257: 12237: 12137: 11520: 11495: 11475: 11304: 11289: 11279: 11259: 11244: 11239: 11124: 10894: 10879: 10427: 10417: 10337: 9301:(two volumes) (Harper & Brothers, 1928) (revised in 1939 and 1955 as 8461: 8154: 7852: 6923: 4231: 4147:, and called himself Charles Frémon. Frémont claimed that he was born in 3895: 3685: 2831: 2761: 2585: 2072: 1943: 1919:

of Colorado in December. The party then followed the North Branch of the

1796: 1625: 1453:, which he had helped form with his survey crew and volunteers from the 1365: 1170: 1143: 1127: 1071: 842: 764: 688: 675: 11029: 10975: 10536: 9206: 8923: 8862:

The Diary of James K. Polk During His Presidency, 1845 to 1849, Volume 1

5829:, by William Joseph Hefferman; University of California, Berkeley, 1951. 5200: 4861: 4306:

Blair was upset that Frémont had not awarded his friends' war contracts.

2633: 1566:

in Washington to stand for court-martial, Frémont was found innocent of

806: 19937: 18812: 18574: 17775: 17770: 16794: 16751: 16480: 16428: 16381: 16294: 16079: 16049: 16039: 15911: 15891: 15846: 15608: 15493: 15370: 15003: 14534: 14419: 14414: 14129: 13354: 13324: 13284: 13169: 12858: 12852: 12822: 12497: 12477: 12357: 12337: 12077: 12073: 11294: 11204: 11102: 10407: 10249: 10041: 9983: 9953: 9919: 9429: 9032:

American Civil War: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection

5363: 5347: 4284:, said enormous bags of gold weighing one hundred pounds were produced. 4136: 3587: 3476: 2228: 2068: 1955: 1935:'s expedition, which had followed the North Branch just months before. 1674: 1667: 1659: 1489: 1481: 1381:

and the 20-year-old de Haro twin brothers Ramon and Francisco, sons of

1271: 1123: 1087: 1059: 992:. Frémont and his party of 25 men, including Carson, embarked from the 989: 961: 867: 532: 430: 182: 133: 58: 9894:

Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States

9136:

Lincoln's Pathfinder: John C. Frémont and the Violent Election of 1856

5635:

Quarterdeck & Saddlehorn, The Story of Edward F. Beale, 1822–1893.

2714: 2707:

John Charles Frémont's Arizona house on display on the grounds of the

2698: 2625:

was created on June 26, 1862, to include General Frémont's corps with

2456:

Desiring to regain the upper hand and make up for Union losses at the

2235:

on July 1, 1861. The Western department included the area west of the

2206: 1732: 1388: 802:, U.S. Senator, Missouri, was Frémont's powerful backer in the Senate. 19201: 17384: 17137: 16888: 16799: 16637: 16256: 16094: 15871: 15841: 15816: 15714: 15678: 15385: 15269: 15178: 15148: 15143: 15123: 14963: 14928: 13061: 12457: 12377: 11269: 10862: 9577: 8915: 3583: 3566: 2556: 2134: 2029:

Political cartoon about the election (James Buchanan on the left) by

1166: 1055: 923: 743: 720:

Frémont attracted the attention of eminent South Carolina politician

14719: 9196: 8182:"Pet Diary: Why "Dog-Friendly" Campsites Beat Out A Four-Star Hotel" 7178:

The Military and Naval History of the Rebellion in the United States

4085: 4049: 2589:

Frémont fought Stonewall Jackson's Army at the Battle of Cross Keys.

1756:(Spanish for "The Butterflies"), an allusion to the great number of 1530: 19206: 15861: 15754: 15648: 15355: 15198: 15193: 15103: 14973: 14968: 14918: 14878: 14863: 14833: 14808: 14798: 14118: 13339: 12846: 12517: 12373: 12277: 11656: 10387: 10229: 8677: 8324: 6075: 4936: 4934: 2723: 2560: 2552: 2295: 2161: 1769: 1497: 1046: 9587: 9350:

Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America

9161:

Pathfinder: John Charles Frémont and the Course of American Empire

7835:

Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance

7733: 6918:

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America

4550: 4534: 3236: 17319: 16416: 15113: 15073: 15028: 15023: 14993: 14953: 14883: 14853: 14828: 14783: 14778: 10397: 9229:(Yale University Press, 1959; University of Nebraska Press, 1979) 8804:. Vol. 7. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 19–23. 8614:

Frémont, John C. (1973). Mary Lee Spence; Donald Jackson (eds.).

7758:

Taylor, Robert M.; Stevens, Errol Wayne; Ponder, Mary Ann (1990)

6624: 5741:

Kearny's March: The Epic Creation of the American West, 1846–1847

4210: 3924:. In 2006, the society published an award-winning website titled 2157: 1973: 1405: 6867: 6865: 5167: 5004: 4931: 3439:, a neighborhood established by migrants from Fremont, Nebraska. 2834:" for the strait between Marin County and San Francisco County. 1764:

and his wife Martina Caston de Alvarado. Frémont had hoped that

954: 20004:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

16665: 15128: 15013: 14923: 14898: 14893: 14818: 14773: 8230:"Fremont school, at 60 years old, still performing its mission" 4818: 2683:

In 1864, the Frémonts purchased an estate ranch in present-day

1567: 1373:

Ford and a detachment of Osos, totaling 125 men, rode south to

1329:'s Ranch on May 24, 1846. Frémont learned from Lassen that the 1101:

Frémont's second expedition party reached Sutter's Fort in the

598:. His sentence was commuted and he was reinstated by President 9413:

Memoir of the Life and Public Services of John Charles Fremont

9393:

Life, Explorations and Public Services of John Charles Fremont

8468:

The Man Who Saved the Union: Ulysses S. Grant in War and Peace

7999:

Exploring the Back Roads: 28 Day Trips in the Greater Bay Area

7623:"Jessie Benton Fremont: Wife of Union General John C. Fremont" 7557:"Jessie Benton Fremont: Wife of Union General John C. Fremont" 7077:

U.S. Civil War Generals – Union Generals – (Frémont)

6316: 6314: 6088: 6086: 2090:

Image of Fremont taken from 1856 book of Fremont's expeditions

1538:

humiliated Frémont by having him arrested and court-martialed.

1118:

mountain range, they turned south again as far as present-day

27:

American politician, explorer and military officer (1813–1890)

16485: 15886: 15018: 14978: 14873: 14823: 7526: 7524: 7522: 6862: 6331: 6329: 5746: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5320: 5232: 5190: 5188: 5186: 2904: 2857:

on the shores of San Rafael, commanded by Frémont during the

1958:

drainage, which he and his party then followed west into the

1773: 1654:, he turned sharply south. By the time his party crossed the 784: 694: 17726: 8933:

Kit Carson Days, 1809–1868: Adventures in the Path of Empire

7882: 6691: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 4853:"The emigrant's guide to New Mexico, California, and Oregon" 4708: 4706: 3544:

The John C. Fremont Trail (the path of Fremont's march into

2760:

On Sunday, July 13, 1890, at the age of 77, Frémont died of

2400: 1161:" between Los Angeles and Santa Fe, and headed east through 1050:

1843. His party stopped to explore the northern part of the

14858: 9369:

Wonder of the West: The Adventurous Life of John C. Frémont

9241:

The Island of Lost Maps: A True Story of Cartographic Crime

6669: 6667: 6311: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6213: 6198: 6103: 6101: 6083: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6009: 6007: 6005: 4214: 4148: 2319: 2001: 1915:, passing Bent's Fort before heading west and entering the 1851: 1199:

men, with Carson as a guide, and two distinguished scouts,

20309:

Candidates in the 1856 United States presidential election

11378: 9422:(Miller, Orton & Mulligan, New York and Auburn, 1856). 7536: 7519: 7350:

Miller, Francis Trevelyan; Lanier, Robert Sampson (1911).

7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7001: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6850: 6720: 6427: 6425: 6326: 6186: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 5714: 5507: 5244: 5183: 5155: 4955: 4953: 4040: 2866:, and received harsher treatment from Frémont and Carson. 2566: 1542:

On January 16, 1847, Commodore Stockton appointed Frémont

1008:. Frémont climbed a 13,745-foot mountain (4,189 m), 657: 9478: 9264:

Jessie Benton Frémont: American Woman of the 19th Century

7781:"Fremont, IA, 1913; Cedar Township; Mahaska County; Iowa" 7041: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7020: 7018: 7016: 5676: 5633:

Briggs, Carl and Trudell, Clyde, Francis. (1983). P. 54.

5519: 5220: 4703: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 3952:

contains an unencyclopedic or excessive gallery of images

2368:

Earlier in May, a tough, impetuous Regular Army captain,

1277:

Fremont and his men eventually made their way to camp at

1194:

With the backdrop of an impending war with Mexico, after

1016:

Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains

886:

The opening of the American West began in 1804, when the

9534:

Photos of Frémont's Mariposa gold estate taken in 1860.

8885:

The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War

7509: 7507: 7505: 7492: 7490: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7200: 6664: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6570: 6517: 6515: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6342: 6282: 6270: 6210: 6098: 6002: 5767:

Polk: The Man Who Transformed the Presidency and America

5437: 5435: 5379: 5337: 5335: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4589: 2563:, although he had clearly lost trust in the Pathfinder. 1624:

rivers to explore the terrain. The artists and brothers

547:

when he was nominated. He lost the election to Democrat

20219:

Democratic Party United States senators from California

20184:

American military personnel of the Mexican–American War

8826:. Vol. 2. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. 8815:. Vol. 1. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. 8212:

Portland Names and Neighborhoods: Their Historic Origin

7051: 6984: 6972: 6953: 6877: 6422: 6410: 6231: 6167: 6155: 4950: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4587: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4571: 4569: 2617:

Army of Virginia, New York, and resignation (1862–1864)

1130:

in his honor. Frémont and his party then descended the

30:"John Fremont" redirects here. Not to be confused with 20304:

Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees

9432:; Fremont's 1864 challenge to Lincoln's re-nomination. 8935:. Vol. 1. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 8801:

Dictionary of American Biography Frémont, John Charles

8731:

With Frémont to California and the Southwest 1845–1849

8415: 7715:

The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States

7030: 7013: 5783: 4507: 4495: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 3519:

on the North Platte, just upstream from Fremont Canyon

2314:

Frank Blair was Frémont's political rival in Missouri.

1815:

gold ranch, he lived a wealthy lifestyle in Monterey.

20324:

United States Army personnel who were court-martialed

20050: 9635:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 97–98. 7502: 7487: 7197: 7154:. Reno, NV: University of Nevada Press. p. 519. 6601: 6558: 6512: 6391: 5659:. Santa Barbara, CA: Tecolote Books, 1975, pp. 33–35. 5531: 5495: 5483: 5432: 5420: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5332: 2634:

Presidential candidate Radical Democracy Party (1864)

2351: 10537:

Historical anti-slavery parties in the United States

9486:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

9030:

Tucker, Spencer C. (2013). Spencer C. Tucker (ed.).

8840:

Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct

7595:. Los Angeles. May 29, 1919. p. 1, section II. 7410:

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

7181:. New York: D. Appleton & Company. p. 711. 7138:, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022, p. 60. 7124:, New York: Pegasus Books, Ltd., 2021, pp. 113, 117. 5597: 5020: 4816: 4741: 4682: 4566: 4155:

on the side of the Royalists, and was travelling to

2855:

murders of Californios Berryessa and his two nephews

2305: 2174:

Frémont's campaign was headquartered near his home (

790: 20319:

United States Army Corps of Topographical Engineers

9156:. An account of Frémont's failed fourth expedition. 7938:"Area Information – History of the Town of Fremont" 7252:"Historic Sleepy Hollow stone manor, $ 3.4 million" 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6374:

Republican National Political Conventions 1856–2008

5820:

Google Books: "Edward M. Kern, Artist and Explorer"

4373: 3920:at the birthplace of native son John C. Frémont in 2699:

Later life, Arizona territorial governor, and death

1306: 914:had envisioned a Western empire, and also sent the 701:, a wealthy South Carolinian, was Frémont's patron. 9234:John Charles Frémont: An Explanation of His Career 9191:, Boston: The Christopher Publishing House, 1948; 9065:Bear Flag Rising: The Conquest of California, 1846 8987: 8615: 8465: 8456:. Vol. 5. San Francisco: The History Company. 8075:"Crossing Wyoming: Kit Carson and a Changing West" 7853:Chicago and North Western Railway Company (1908). 7667: 7635: 7586: 5945: 5637:The Arthur H. Clark Company, Glendale, California. 5391: 4880: 4430: 2498:ordered Frémont to rescind his emancipation edict. 1779:After his court martial in 1848, Frémont moved to 9129:A Man Unafraid: The Story of John Charles Frémont 5769:. New York: Random House Books. pp. 284–85. 4437:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 3812:The United States honored Frémont in 1898 with a 2479: 2395: 20110: 19690:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 7322:. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 23–24. 6773: 6582: 6337:Ordeal of the Union: A House Dividing, 1852–1857 2882:The Frémonts were the parents of five children: 2275: 2190:ran as a third-party candidate representing the 1606: 1573:While approving the court's decision, President 1525: 1021: 922:to explore the southwest. American and European 678:Anne had inherited. The couple later settled in 9227:Army Exploration in the American West 1803–1863 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7695: 6802: 6761: 6652: 6527: 5624:Polk p. 413, Entry for Thursday, 21st May, 1846 4975:Blood and Thunder: An Epic of the American West 4725: 4723: 4721: 4664: 4646: 4143:. After escaping captivity, Frémont settled in 3642: 3237:Places and organizations named in commemoration 1890: 195:December 20, 1849 – September 10, 1850 20329:United States military governors of California 20299:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class) 20269:People of California in the American Civil War 19514:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 8842:. New York: Delacorte Press. pp. 111–13. 8157:. California Office of Historic Preservation. 7906: 7904: 7711: 6838: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6454: 6452: 5943: 4673: 4139:frigate; Frémont was held by the British as a 3875:The Fremont Pathfinders Artillery Battery, an 3002:John C. Frémont botanical nomenclature eponyms 2545: 1974:Republican Party presidential candidate (1856) 1554:Kearny he would obey orders. Kearny sent Col. 705:On December 8, 1818, Frémont's father died in 17400: 14735: 14451: 14145: 11672: 11364: 10839: 10522: 9878: 9750:U.S. Shadow Senator (Class 1) from California 9453:Des Chutes Historical Museum in Bend, Oregon 8377:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum 7989: 7962: 6054: 4729: 3964:beside adjacent text, in accordance with the 3907:National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum 3608:(where Frémont and his wife lived during the 2593:Frémont and his army and two other generals, 1392:John Sloat captures Monterey on July 7, 1846. 902:territory to find a northwest passage up the 237:January 19, 1847 – February 13, 1847 9283:(University of Nebraska Press, 2012) 249 pp. 9089:American Ulysses: A Life of Ulysses S. Grant 8887:. New York: Vintage Books Random House Inc. 8798:(1931). Allen Johnson; Dumas Malone (eds.). 8500:. Taos, NM: Santa Fe New Mexican Publishing. 8486: 8041:. University of Arizona Press. p. 170. 7692: 7349: 6640: 6133:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 6120: 6118: 6116: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6036: 6034: 5983:. Royal Geographical Society. Archived from 5128: 5038: 4898: 4718: 4655: 4618: 4616: 2918:(1908–09) and, finally as commandant of the 2823:statue/sculpture of Frémont is displayed at 2769:, he was reinterred in Rockland Cemetery in 1207:. Working with Benton and Secretary of Navy 20294:Recipients of American presidential pardons 13931:National Republican Congressional Committee 10853: 9617:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 8700: 8684:. Vol. I. New York: New York Tribune. 8651:Memoirs of My Life, By John Charles Frémont 8577:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 8028: 7956: 7901: 7676:. Oakland, CA. October 9, 1931. p. 8. 7542: 7530: 6814: 6785: 6744: 6732: 6703: 6679: 6539: 6485: 6464: 6449: 6437: 5139: 5137: 4639:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 4622: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 3958:removing excessive or indiscriminate images 3669:Fremont High School (Sunnyvale, California) 2830:In his memoirs, Frémont coined the phrase " 146:September 10, 1850 – March 3, 1851 87:October 6, 1878 – October 11, 1881 20189:American people of French-Canadian descent 17407: 17393: 14742: 14728: 14458: 14444: 14152: 14138: 14021:High School Republican National Federation 11679: 11665: 11371: 11357: 10846: 10832: 10529: 10515: 10491: 10481: 9885: 9871: 9340:. Tecolote Books, Santa Barbara, CA, 1975. 9324:John Charles Frémont: Character as Destiny 8874:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 8504: 8301:. College Football History. Archived from 6929: 6900: 6871: 6826: 4433:John Charles Frémont: Character as Destiny 4346:John Charles Fremont: Character As Destiny 1189: 949: 57: 9439:, Arthur H. Clark Co., 1988. 300 pp. 9055:Recollections of Early Days in California 8561:Dellenbaugh, Frederick S. (1914) (1914). 8227: 7353:The Photographic History of the Civil War 6139:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1000137 6113: 6031: 5948:Canyon De Chelly: Its People and Rock Art 4613: 4297:, the American minister to Great Britain. 3980:Learn how and when to remove this message 3809:, first discovered near the Fremont River 3664:Fremont High School (Oakland, California) 3288:Learn how and when to remove this message 2988:Learn how and when to remove this message 2443: 1980:United States presidential election, 1856 1752:for $ 3,000 ($ 83,177 in 2023). Known as 1476:arrived in California under "orders from 1472:In December 1846, U.S. Brigadier General 1146:, a Swiss-Mexican (and later American by 1138:(Spanish: Nueva Helvetia) at present-day 852: 691:, Black Hannah, helped raise young John. 20129:19th-century American military personnel 17603:Treatment of slaves in the United States 14472:1856 United States presidential election 14159: 14114:Timeline of modern American conservatism 13946:Republican Attorneys General Association 13941:National Republican Senatorial Committee 9465:Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: John C. Frémont 9430:"That's What's the Trouble with John C." 8882: 8773: 8622:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 8583:New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 8446: 7995: 7838:. Minnesota Historical Society. p. 7463:Burrous, Charlotte (September 4, 2013). 6348: 6320: 6305: 6276: 6256:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. 6225: 6204: 6192: 6180: 6161: 6107: 6092: 6025: 5764: 5357: 5294: 5270: 5173: 5134: 4712: 4697: 4556: 4540: 4528: 4501: 4409: 3821: 3791: 3449: 3425:Fremont (town) Waupaca County, Wisconsin 3307: 2873: 2783: 2779: 2713: 2702: 2584: 2489: 2447: 2399: 2355: 2309: 2205: 2085: 2024: 1852:U.S. Senator from California (1850–1851) 1731: 1529: 1484:, then to march onto "California where, 1387: 1096: 953: 866: 805: 794: 693: 20259:People from Mariposa County, California 20239:Perpetrators of the California genocide 19346:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 17518:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 13936:National Republican Redistricting Trust 9435:David H. Miller and Mark J. Stegmaier, 9017:from the original on September 12, 2017 8904:California Historical Society Quarterly 8819: 8808: 8737: 8647: 8613: 8359:Fremont Pathfinders Artillery Battery. 8192:from the original on September 13, 2018 7644:. New York. March 8, 1911. p. 11. 7513: 7496: 7462: 7377: 7375: 7151:Frémont, Explorer for a Restless Nation 7007: 6995: 6978: 6966: 6904: 6888: 6856: 6726: 6697: 6431: 6416: 6237: 5952:. University of Arizona Press. p. 5789: 5752: 5727: 5699: 5226: 5161: 4959: 3901:In 2000, Frémont was inducted into the 3787: 2911:(1906–08), commander of the battleship 2644:Radical Democracy Party (United States) 2567:Battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic 1719: 1577:quickly commuted Frémont's sentence of 658:Early life, education, and early career 14: 20254:History of Mariposa County, California 20111: 19331:Modern display of the Confederate flag 17414: 14054:Republican National Coalition for Life 11380:United States senators from California 9800:U.S. Senator (Class 1) from California 9415:(Derby & Jackson, New York, 1856). 9290:, 2008, Vol. 68 Issue 10, p. 4447 9106:from the original on December 31, 2020 9061: 9052: 9029: 9008: 8901: 8794: 8728: 8719: 8668: 8601:from the original on December 25, 2011 8586: 8495: 8460: 8331:from the original on February 22, 2014 8228:Greenspun, Brian (November 15, 2015). 8161:from the original on December 19, 2017 8125:History of the Fremont NAtional Forest 8034: 7967:. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. 7813:from the original on February 10, 2013 7319:Rough Rider: Buckey O'Neill of Arizona 7315: 7224: 7212: 7174: 7064: 7045: 7024: 6521: 6249: 5603: 5537: 5525: 5513: 5501: 5489: 5441: 5426: 5414: 5402: 5385: 5373: 5369: 5353: 5341: 5326: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5266: 5262: 5250: 5238: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5194: 5177: 5116: 5086: 5074: 5062: 5050: 5026: 5014: 5010: 4944: 4940: 4886: 4804: 4607: 4560: 4544: 4461: 4394: 3358:(the largest city that bears his name) 2741:Frémont was appointed governor of the 2019:1856 Republican Party campaign posters 582:in 1846. During this time, he led the 20279:People from St. George, Staten Island 20234:Commanders of the California Republic 19549: 18938: 18502: 17725: 17528:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 17426: 17388: 16505: 16321:Bibliography of the American frontier 14749: 14723: 14439: 14133: 13996:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 11660: 11352: 10827: 10510: 9866: 9371:. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse. 9343: 9189:The Famous Fremonts and Their America 9082: 8982: 8930: 8830: 8705:. Austin: University of Texas Press. 8242:from the original on January 22, 2018 8135:from the original on January 23, 2018 8081:from the original on January 22, 2018 7944:from the original on January 22, 2018 7889:from the original on January 17, 2018 7831: 7740:from the original on January 22, 2018 7555:MacLean, Maggie (February 19, 2009). 7416:from the original on October 26, 2012 7262:from the original on February 1, 2019 6673: 6634: 6630: 6618: 6576: 6564: 6404: 6124: 4971: 4899:Janin, Hunt; Carlson, Ursula (2009). 4428: 2280: 2201: 1896:pass through the Rocky Mountains and 1716:for his various exploratory efforts. 1000:to the South Pass, and starting from 617:in 1861, he was given command of the 539:nominee for president of the U.S. in 20244:People of the Conquest of California 16377:Cuisine of the Western United States 11686: 9582:University of Michigan Museum of Art 9288:Dissertation Abstracts International 9127:Bashford, Herbert and Wagner, Harr. 8856: 8782:from the original on October 2, 2017 8525:Lincoln: A Life of Purpose and Power 8121: 8077:. Wyoming State Historical Society. 7680:from the original on October 2, 2017 7669:"John C. Fremont's Son Dies in Cuba" 7648:from the original on August 16, 2017 7599:from the original on October 2, 2017 7475:from the original on October 2, 2017 7406:"Frémont, John Charles, (1813–1890)" 7372: 7249: 7147: 6125:Winks, Robin W. (February 1, 2000). 3936: 3796:Fremont Memorial at the base of the 3240: 2940: 1243:, to talk with the American consul, 763:rivers. Frémont became a first rate 20274:People from Sleepy Hollow, New York 20214:19th-century people from California 20154:American explorers of North America 20144:19th-century American Episcopalians 19685:Committee on the Conduct of the War 19361:United Daughters of the Confederacy 9395:(Ticknor and Fields, Boston, 1856). 8761:from the original on March 28, 2020 8688:from the original on August 3, 2020 8681:America's Successful Men of Affairs 8383:from the original on April 19, 2019 8179: 8055:from the original on August 3, 2020 8016:from the original on August 4, 2020 7863:from the original on April 26, 2016 7807:"Profile for Fremont, Michigan, MI" 7787:from the original on March 28, 2020 7444:from the original on August 2, 2019 7360:from the original on August 3, 2020 7185:from the original on August 3, 2020 6077:America's Successful Men of Affairs 5585:from the original on August 2, 2019 5559:from the original on August 2, 2019 4992:from the original on August 3, 2020 4919:from the original on August 3, 2020 4468:. Garden City: Doubleday. pp. 3956:Please help improve the section by 3780:John C. Frémont Elementary School, 3774:John C. Fremont Elementary School, 3768:John C. Fremont Elementary School, 3762:John C. Fremont Elementary School, 3756:John C. Fremont Elementary School, 3750:John C. Fremont Elementary School, 3744:John C. Fremont Elementary School, 3349: 3320:trail, where Frémont camped in 1846 2326:, who was a member of the powerful 1984:1856 Republican National Convention 755:in exploring the lands between the 24: 20264:Military personnel from California 20249:People of the California Gold Rush 19755:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 19550: 19094:impeachment managers investigation 17473:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 16113:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City 14039:Republican Main Street Partnership 9507:Guide to the Frémont Family Papers 9382: 9131:(Harr Wagner, San Francisco, 1927) 9120: 8994:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 8361:URL retrieved on February 19, 2007 8103:. Wyoming State Historical Society 7918:from the original on July 15, 2016 5903:American National Biography Online 4833:from the original on March 9, 2014 4465:Andrew Jackson, His Life and Times 3678:Fremont-Elizabeth City High School 3658:John C. Fremont Senior High School 3628:John C. Fremont Branch Library on 3401:Fremont, Sullivan County, New York 2648:In 1860 the Republicans nominated 2364:'s Union defeat at Wilson's Creek. 2352:Confederate capture of Springfield 627:an unauthorized emancipation edict 25: 20355: 20134:19th-century American politicians 19180:Reconstruction military districts 17628:Abolitionism in the United States 17583:Plantations in the American South 17498:Origins of the American Civil War 16361:Timeline of the American Old West 13981:Congressional Hispanic Conference 9565:Works by or about John C. Frémont 9444: 9236:(Stanford University Press, 1930) 9092:. Random House Publishing Group. 9009:Solnit, Rebecca (June 25, 2006). 8002:. Great West Books. p. 116. 7588:"Daughter of the Pathfinder Dead" 7567:from the original on May 14, 2017 5978:"List of Past Gold Medal Winners" 5909:from the original on May 10, 2015 4978:. Random House. pp. 123–24. 4877:, May 1999, Vol. 26#3 pp. 297–313 4875:Journal of Government Information 4492:Nevins pp. 3–7. Chaffin pp. 19–21 4335:, March 1994, Vol. 76#1 pp. 85–98 3558:Fremont Bridge (Portland, Oregon) 3396:Fremont, Steuben County, New York 2306:Blair feud and corruption charges 2290:and invading Illinois to capture 2169:campaign was particularly abusive 1736:Trenor W. Park managed Fremont's 1708:In 1850, Frémont was awarded the 898:) started exploration of the new 791:Marriage and senatorial patronage 644:Governor of the Arizona Territory 638:in 1866, and he lost more in the 20139:19th-century American scientists 20096: 20084: 20072: 20060: 20034: 20025: 20024: 19163:Enforcement Act of February 1871 19136:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 17369: 17368: 14268: 13951:Republican Governors Association 12490:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 11544: 10938: 10490: 10480: 10471: 10470: 9586: 9574:Portrait of John Charles Fremont 9326:. University of Oklahoma Press. 9163:, New York: Hill and Wang, 2002 9013:. SFGATE Hearst Communications. 8560: 8487:Breckenridge, Thomas E. (1894). 8409: 8395: 8365: 8343: 8317: 8291: 8280: 8254: 8221: 8204: 8173: 8147: 8115: 8093: 8067: 7930: 7875: 7846: 7825: 7799: 7773: 7752: 7726: 7660: 7628: 7579: 7548: 7456: 7428: 7398: 7343: 7309: 7300: 7274: 7243: 7218: 7168: 7141: 7127: 7114: 7088: 7070: 6944: 6935: 6910: 6378: 6367: 6354: 6243: 6127:"Biography: Billings, Frederick" 6059:Dictionary of American Biography 5970: 5937: 5924: 5891: 5888:, London: Reaktion Books, p. 191 4855:. New York, J. Disturnell. 1849. 4300: 4287: 4274: 4093: 4084: 4075: 4066: 4057: 4048: 4039: 4030: 4021: 4012: 4003: 3994: 3966:Manual of Style on use of images 3941: 3826:1898 Frémont commemorative stamp 3692:, which also has a Fremont Park) 3593: 3416:Fremont, Clark County, Wisconsin 3314:Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park 3245: 2945: 2936: 2676: 2115: 2106: 2009: 2000: 1776:hunting and gathering grounds. 1504:. Frémont led his unit over the 1307:Mexican–American War (1846–1848) 996:on June 15, 1842, following the 452: 409: 391: 20169:People of the American Old West 19948:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 19810:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 19371:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 16017:First transcontinental railroad 9651:. Vol. 37. September 1890. 9481:"John C. Frémont (id: F000374)" 9338:Santa Barbara, Past and Present 9303:Frémont: Pathmarker of the West 8860:(1910). Quaife, Milo M. (ed.). 8823:Frémont, Pathmarker of the West 8812:Frémont, Pathmarker of the West 8774:McNamara, John (May 31, 2016). 7760:Indiana: A New Historical Guide 7250:Cary, Bill (January 16, 2015). 7175:Tenney, William Jewett (1865). 5878: 5875:, 2000) detail the exact route. 5857: 5832: 5813: 5804: 5795: 5758: 5733: 5705: 5662: 5657:Santa Barbara, Past and Present 5649: 5640: 5627: 5618: 5609: 5571: 5543: 5474: 5447: 5146: 5122: 5110: 5101: 5092: 5080: 5068: 5056: 5044: 5032: 4965: 4892: 4867: 4845: 4810: 4486: 4253: 4244: 4220: 4194: 4177: 4163: 3882:The U.S. Army's (now inactive) 3852:University of Nevada, Las Vegas 3738:John C. Fremont Middle School, 3649:Fremont Unified School District 2687:, from the newspaper publisher 2384:, a Union-occupied city on the 1544:military governor of California 596:military governor of California 225:Military Governor of California 20209:Governors of Arizona Territory 19051:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 14044:Republican Majority for Choice 13872:Steering and Policy Committees 9843:President of the United States 9602:New International Encyclopedia 9053:Tustin, William Issac (1880). 8673:. Glendale, CA: A.H. Clark Co. 8648:Frémont, John Charles (1887). 8489:Thomas E. Breckenridge Memoirs 8439: 7914:. U.S. National Park Service. 7762:, Indiana Historical Society, 6250:Spence, Mary Lee, ed. (1970). 4827:Norman B. Leventhal map Center 4455: 4400: 4360: 4351: 4338: 4325: 4263:the previous May by President 4203:Emigrants' Guide to California 4121: 3877:American Civil War reenactment 3539:Fremont–Winema National Forest 2480:Emancipation edict controversy 2396:Response to Confederate threat 2075:. Frémont, popularly known as 1856:On November 13, 1849, General 1837:Halleck, Peachy & Billings 13: 1: 19466:Ladies' Memorial Associations 19168:Enforcement Act of April 1871 19064:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 18939: 14109:International Democracy Union 10788:American Anti-Slavery Society 9353:. W.W. Norton & Company. 9266:(1987), biography of his wife 9177:, New York: Bloomsbury, 2007 8967: 8883:Richards, Leonard L. (2007). 8733:. Ashland, OR: Lewis Osborne. 8587:Denton, Sally (Winter 2011). 8287:Picture of the Fremont Cannon 6932:, p. 179; Guelzo, p. 50. 4817:John Charles Frémont (1845). 4633:"Frémont, John Charles" 4333:Southern California Quarterly 4313: 3879:group from Fremont, Nebraska. 2276:Department of the West (1861) 2210:Major General John C. Frémont 2192:American (Know Nothing) Party 1639:as guide, and at what is now 1607:Fourth expedition (1848–1849) 1526:Court martial and resignation 1502:stop the Los Angeles uprising 1400:, commanding the U.S. Navy's 1022:Second expedition (1843–1844) 964:, Frémont's expeditions guide 75:Governor of Arizona Territory 20284:New York (state) Republicans 20124:19th-century American people 19599:Confederate revolving cannon 19341:Sons of Confederate Veterans 19212:South Carolina riots of 1876 19190:Indian Council at Fort Smith 19141:South Carolina riots of 1876 19106:Knights of the White Camelia 17598:Slavery in the United States 16192:Battle of the Little Bighorn 8416:Georgia Historical Society. 7718:. Govt. Print. Off. p. 6646: 5765:Borneman, Walter R. (2008). 5646:Briggs and Trudell p. 48, 49 4318: 3872:chorus in Fremont, Nebraska. 3725:Fremont Junior High School, 3719:Fremont Junior High School, 3643:Schools and school districts 3622: 3598: 3270:Knowledge's inclusion policy 3062:Fremontodendron californicum 2970:Knowledge's inclusion policy 2903:(1903–05), naval attaché to 2051:However, Republican leaders 1891:Fifth expedition (1853–1854) 178:United States Shadow Senator 7: 19953:New York City riots of 1863 19778:Battle Hymn of the Republic 19529:United Confederate Veterans 19366:Children of the Confederacy 19356:United Confederate Veterans 19351:Southern Historical Society 18503: 17983:Price's Missouri Expedition 17453:Timeline leading to the War 17427: 16217:First Battle of Adobe Walls 16161:Long Branch Saloon gunfight 16156:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral 13991:Republican Jewish Coalition 13906:Republican Governance Group 10476:All presidential candidates 9548:Fremont's Travels 1838–1854 9367:Yanoff, Stephen G. (2024). 9212:September 16, 2018, at the 8701:Heidenreich, Linda (2007). 8654:. Chicago: Belford, Clark. 8641:September 16, 2018, at the 8589:"Frémont Steals California" 8538: 8035:Barnes, Will Croft (2016). 7637:"Rear Admiral Fremont Dead" 7229:. Bloomsbury. p. 347. 6844: 6832: 6767: 6755: 6738: 6658: 6595: 6552: 6533: 6479: 6458: 6443: 6131:American National Biography 5840:"Williams, William Sherley" 5469:Public Broadcasting Service 4737:. Anchor Books. p. 82. 4102: 3732:Frémont Elementary School, 3713:North Fremont High School, 3707:South Fremont High School, 3635:John C. Fremont Library in 3497:near the headwaters of the 3381:Fremont Township, Minnesota 2546:Mountain departments (1862) 2470:First Battle of Springfield 2452:First Battle of Springfield 1703:El Morro (Inscription Rock) 545:California Republican Party 502:First Battle of Springfield 10: 20360: 19921:Confederate Secret Service 19509:Grand Army of the Republic 19401:Grand Army of the Republic 19219:Southern Claims Commission 15972:Great Western Cattle Trail 13911:Republican Study Committee 8976:Derby Orton & Mulligan 8729:Martin, Thomas S. (1975). 8373:"Hall of Great Westerners" 8350:History of the Pathfinders 8299:"Nevada Wolf Pack History" 8266:US Maritime Administration 6820: 6808: 6796: 6779: 6714: 6685: 6502: 5884:Wentmore, Kevin J. (2021) 5863:Both Patricia Richmond in 4370:(SUNY Press, 2004), p. 75. 4189:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 4135:when it was captured by a 3932: 3914:Georgia Historical Society 3848:University of Nevada, Reno 3729:(opened 1912, closed 1979) 3682:Elizabeth, South Australia 3604:John C. Fremont Hospital, 3553:Los Padres National Forest 3551:Fremont Campground in the 2999: 2732:Southwest Pacific Railroad 2637: 2570: 2483: 1977: 1725: 1714:Royal Geographical Society 1310: 1142:, in early March. Captain 1025: 888:Lewis and Clark Expedition 856: 711:Charleston, South Carolina 29: 20020: 19996: 19909:Confederate States dollar 19881: 19823: 19768: 19720:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 19715:Emancipation Proclamation 19677: 19609:Medal of Honor recipients 19566: 19562: 19545: 19497:Confederate Memorial Hall 19479: 19458: 19416: 19388: 19379: 19299:Confederate Memorial Hall 19272:Confederate History Month 19252:Civil War Discovery Trail 19232: 19153:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 18984: 18959:Reconstruction Amendments 18949: 18945: 18934: 18856: 18725: 18718: 18658: 18522: 18515: 18511: 18498: 18440: 18187: 18180: 18011: 17867: 17826: 17794: 17761: 17754: 17750: 17721: 17618: 17568:Emancipation Proclamation 17536: 17437: 17433: 17422: 17364: 17333: 17300: 17282: 17234: 17181: 17113: 17040: 17012: 16959: 16901: 16869: 16826: 16808: 16785: 16737: 16684: 16651: 16603: 16550: 16512: 16501: 16369: 16308: 16255: 16174: 16131: 16093: 16060:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine 16025: 15932: 15882:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous 15797: 15687: 15604:Frederick Russell Burnham 15594: 15444: 15338: 15207: 15044: 15037: 14764: 14757: 14695: 14675: 14648: 14637: 14602: 14575: 14558: 14527: 14500: 14483: 14277: 14266: 14167: 14086: 14049:Republican Liberty Caucus 14029: 13959: 13921: 13852: 13841: 13796: 13535: 13521: 13461: 13092: 13083: 12874: 12677: 12540: 11736: 11696: 11553: 11542: 11386: 11318: 11101: 11038: 10947: 10936: 10861: 10780: 10734: 10703: 10672: 10631: 10590: 10549: 10542: 10466: 9904: 9900: 9851: 9833: 9828: 9823: 9813: 9797: 9781: 9763: 9747: 9742: 9735: 9725: 9716: 9708: 9698: 9689: 9681: 9676: 9500:January 12, 2009, at the 9322:Rolle, Andrew F. (1991). 9203:Journal of Mormon History 8949: 8720:Madley, Benjamin (2016). 8669:Grivas, Theodore (1963). 8527:(2006). Alfred A. Knopf. 8512:. Pearson Education Ltd. 8355:November 5, 2004, at the 8131:. National Park Service. 6058: 5459:October 27, 2017, at the 4905:. McFarland. p. 81. 4829:. Boston Public Library. 4652:Rhonda (2012), p. 64 3671:; its annual yearbook is 3546:Santa Barbara, California 3465:Fremont Peak (California) 3303: 3218:Syntrichopappus fremontii 3072:Fremontodendron mexicanum 2869: 2827:near Florence, Colorado. 2667:Emancipation Proclamation 2573:Jackson's Valley Campaign 1643:, he hired the eccentric 1515:Presidio of Santa Barbara 1469:, driving out Americans. 1294:the following day in the 1267:Sacramento River massacre 859:Westward Expansion Trails 584:Sacramento River massacre 522: 477: 463: 448: 436: 422: 404: 399: 387: 377: 366: 358: 348: 331: 315: 298: 274: 269: 265: 253: 241: 230: 223: 209: 199: 188: 176: 164: 150: 139: 127: 115: 103: 91: 80: 72: 68: 56: 49: 19983:U.S. Sanitary Commission 19894:Battlefield preservation 19800:Marching Through Georgia 19725:Hampton Roads Conference 19700:Confiscation Act of 1862 19695:Confiscation Act of 1861 19471:U.S. national cemeteries 19277:Confederate Memorial Day 19262:Civil War Trails Program 19131:New Orleans riot of 1866 15401:"Mysterious Dave" Mather 13819:Northern Mariana Islands 9824:Party political offices 9556:Works by John C. Frémont 9479:United States Congress. 9146:The Men and the Mountain 9062:Walker, Dale L. (1999). 8931:Sabin, Edwin L. (1995). 8820:—— (1939b). 8809:—— (1939a). 8724:. Yale University Press. 7996:Browning, Peter (2006). 7387:August 20, 2016, at the 7316:Walker, Dale L. (1997). 4642:. New York: D. Appleton. 4114: 3903:Hall of Great Westerners 3857:The Fremont monument in 3854:is for possession of it. 3532: 3329:Fremont County, Colorado 3228:Toxicoscordion fremontii 3048:Fremont's leatherflower 2846:agreement with Lincoln. 2825:Pathfinder Regional Park 2458:Battle of Wilson's Creek 2390:Battle of Wilson's Creek 1748:through land speculator 1631:On his party's reaching 1226:in west-central Nevada. 1054:, then traveling by way 740:U.S. Topographical Corps 613:At the beginning of the 562:Frémont was a native of 496:Battle of Wilson's Creek 20334:Deaths from peritonitis 20159:Explorers of California 19904:Confederate war finance 19524:Southern Cross of Honor 19492:1938 Gettysburg reunion 19487:1913 Gettysburg reunion 19185:Reconstruction Treaties 19158:Enforcement Act of 1870 19041:Freedman's Savings Bank 17658:Lane Debates on Slavery 17483:Lincoln–Douglas debates 16202:Battle of Washita River 16187:Battle of Glorieta Pass 16065:Lost Ship of the Desert 16007:Southern Emigrant Trail 15967:Great Platte River Road 15634:George Armstrong Custer 15426:William "Bill" Tilghman 14939:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth) 11025:Brig. Gen. Micheltorena 10855:Governors of California 10813:Radical Democracy Party 9667:John Greenleaf Whittier 9648:Popular Science Monthly 9632:Encyclopædia Britannica 9491:Retrieved on 2009-05-01 9470:March 18, 2012, at the 9451:Finding Frémont Exhibit 9389:Charles Wentworth Upham 9312:, New York: Touchstone 9308:Roberts, David (2001). 9068:. New York: Macmillan. 8472:. New York: Doubleday. 8325:"The Pathfinder Chorus" 8122:Bach, Melva M. (1981). 7712:Gannett, Henry (1905). 5944:Campbell Grant (1978). 5920:(subscription required) 5329:, pp. 123–25, 128. 5317:, pp. 123–25, 128. 5241:, pp. 108, 116–17. 5107:Sides, 2006, pp. 124–25 4972:Sides, Hampton (2006). 3818:Trans-Mississippi Issue 3491:Fremont Pass (Colorado) 3430: 3344:Fremont County, Wyoming 3138:Malacothamnus fremontii 3094:vernal pool goldfields 3058:California flannelbush 2767:Trinity Church Cemetery 2726:took possession of the 2685:Sleepy Hollow, New York 2662:Radical Democracy Party 2656:, a group of hard-line 2581:Battle of Port Republic 2360:Frémont was blamed for 1898:Sierra Nevada Mountains 1831:During the late 1850s, 1190:Third expedition (1845) 950:First expedition (1842) 847:Sierra Nevada Mountains 632:Radical Democracy Party 514:Battle of Port Republic 36:John Fremont McCullough 20229:California Republicans 20174:American abolitionists 20149:19th-century explorers 19963:Richmond riots of 1863 19889:Baltimore riot of 1861 19669:U.S. Military Railroad 19589:Confederate Home Guard 19321:Historiographic issues 19287:Historical reenactment 17786:Revenue Cutter Service 17653:William Lloyd Garrison 17562:Dred Scott v. Sandford 16412:Rocky Mountain oysters 13901:Problem Solvers Caucus 10793:Anti-Nebraska movement 10496:Third-party candidates 10122:Winfield Scott Hancock 10012:William Henry Harrison 9692:Governor of California 9225:Goetzmann, William H. 7963:Divjak, Helen (2006). 7832:Upham, Warren (1920). 7284:. 1960. Archived from 7282:"100 Years of Service" 7225:Denton, Sally (2007). 7096:"John Charles Fremont" 7082:July 11, 2007, at the 5755:, pp. xlii–xliii. 5454:"Commodore John Sloat" 4661:Beck (1989), pp. 27–28 4462:Brands, H. W. (2005). 4429:Rolle, Andrew (1991). 4160:1838 at the age of 25. 3962:moving relevant images 3892:Menlo Park, California 3827: 3801: 3800:in Northern California 3734:Long Beach, California 3509:Fremont Canyon on the 3506:in the Great Salt Lake 3482:Fremont Peak (Arizona) 3456:Fremont Peak (Wyoming) 3391:Fremont, New Hampshire 3321: 3224:chaparral death camas 3198:Psorothamnus fremontii 2922:(1909–11). He died in 2879: 2792: 2719: 2711: 2590: 2521: 2499: 2460:and the occupation of 2453: 2444:Recaptured Springfield 2408: 2365: 2315: 2233:Department of the West 2211: 2091: 2033: 1906:Solomon Nunes Carvalho 1762:Juan Bautista Alvarado 1741: 1656:Sangre de Cristo Range 1579:dishonorable discharge 1539: 1393: 1350:Sutter Buttes massacre 1317:Conquest of California 1290:fishing village named 1140:Sacramento, California 1106: 965: 958:Frémont (seated right) 883: 853:Frémont's explorations 814: 803: 702: 619:Department of the West 592:Sutter Buttes massacre 472:Department of the West 19928:Great Revival of 1863 19805:Maryland, My Maryland 19594:Confederate railroads 19257:Civil War Roundtables 19126:Meridian riot of 1871 19121:Memphis riots of 1866 17678:George Luther Stearns 17663:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 17556:Crittenden Compromise 16247:Wounded Knee Massacre 16197:Battle of San Jacinto 16166:Variety Hall shootout 16141:Battle of Coffeyville 16123:Pike's Peak Gold Rush 16103:Black Hills Gold Rush 15780:Thomas William Sweeny 15644:Samuel P. Heintzelman 15421:John Horton Slaughter 15315:Richens Lacey Wootton 14849:Five Civilized Tribes 13986:Log Cabin Republicans 9627:Frémont, John Charles 9612:Frémont, John Charles 9597:Frémont, John Charles 9591:Texts on Wikisource: 9276:(Penguin Press, 2020) 9205:37.3 (2011): 229–57. 8453:History of California 7258:. USA Today Network. 7120:Burlingame, Michael, 6505:, Jean Edward Smith, 5990:on September 27, 2011 5867:and David Roberts in 5825:June 6, 2016, at the 5801:Nevins 1939b, p. 306. 5581:. National Archives. 4295:Charles Francis Adams 3884:8th Infantry Division 3825: 3795: 3701:Fremont High School, 3695:Fremont High School, 3617:Yuba City, California 3525:, a tributary of the 3450:Geographical features 3334:Fremont County, Idaho 3311: 3168:Polyctenium fremontii 3042:Chenopodium fremontii 3022:Calycadenia fremontii 3000:Further information: 2924:Boston, Massachusetts 2877: 2837:Frémont's biographer 2787: 2780:Historical reputation 2773:, on March 17, 1891. 2718:Frémont in later life 2717: 2706: 2638:Further information: 2588: 2571:Further information: 2517: 2493: 2451: 2403: 2359: 2313: 2237:Appalachian Mountains 2209: 2089: 2028: 1978:Further information: 1933:Captain John Gunnison 1911:Frémont followed the 1833:Frederick H. Billings 1735: 1726:Further information: 1533: 1494:Battle of San Pasqual 1396:On July 1, Commodore 1391: 1383:Don Francisco de Haro 1311:Further information: 1296:Klamath Lake massacre 1157:until he struck the " 1100: 1026:Further information: 957: 870: 811:Jessie Benton Frémont 809: 798: 697: 588:Klamath Lake massacre 568:College of Charleston 437:Years of service 382:College of Charleston 129:United States Senator 20224:California Democrats 20199:American taxonomists 20079:Georgia (U.S. state) 19815:Daar kom die Alibama 19730:National Union Party 19406:memorials to Lincoln 19326:Lost Cause mythology 19031:Eufaula riot of 1874 19019:Confederate refugees 18232:District of Columbia 17859:Union naval blockade 17705:Underground Railroad 17493:Nullification crisis 17302:Washington Territory 17042:New Mexico Territory 16407:Pacific Northwestern 16326:Cowboys and cowgirls 16108:California Gold Rush 16085:Seven Cities of Gold 16070:Montezuma's treasure 15877:One-room schoolhouse 15725:George E. Goodfellow 15619:Texas Jack Omohundro 15462:"Curly Bill" Brocius 15260:Liver-Eating Johnson 15235:Tomás Vélez Cachupín 14789:Assiniboine (Nakota) 14700:Other 1856 elections 14518:John C. Breckinridge 14161:Governors of Arizona 14016:Republicans Overseas 14006:Teen Age Republicans 13809:District of Columbia 12210:1964 (San Francisco) 12170:1956 (San Francisco) 11706:National Union Party 10808:North American Party 10704:National conventions 10674:National Union Party 10543:Presidential tickets 10200:Charles Evans Hughes 9511:The Bancroft Library 9403:Life of Col. Fremont 9336:Tompkins, Walker A. 8722:An American Genocide 8678:Hall, Henry (1895). 8545:Terrible Swift Sword 8496:Carson, Kit (1924). 8305:on December 26, 2004 7561:Civil War Women Blog 7148:Egan, Ferol (1977). 6700:, pp. 484, 487. 5873:Simon & Schuster 5655:Tompkins, Walker A. 5516:, pp. 151, 154. 5376:, pp. 267, 270. 5253:, pp. 120, 122. 5197:, pp. 108, 116. 4670:Barbour (2012), p. 5 4269:Mexican–American War 4207:California Gold Rush 3788:Other commemorations 3770:Glendale, California 3758:Corcoran, California 3709:Saint Anthony, Idaho 3606:Mariposa, California 3523:Fremont River (Utah) 3517:Pathfinder Reservoir 3460:Wind River Mountains 3339:Fremont County, Iowa 3090:(Gentiana fremontii) 3068:Mexican flannelbush 3032:Chaenactis fremontii 2802:Mexican–American War 2607:Battle of Cross Keys 2577:Battle of Cross Keys 2486:Frémont Emancipation 2225:William Henry Seward 2214:At the start of the 1881:San Jose Daily Argus 1738:Rancho Las Mariposas 1728:California Gold Rush 1721:Rancho Las Mariposas 1687:New Mexico Territory 1637:"Uncle Dick" Wootton 1506:Santa Ynez Mountains 1451:California Battalion 1431:landed and captured 1321:Mexican–American War 1241:Monterey, California 1110:Oregon territory to 940:Mexican–American War 642:. Frémont served as 608:California Gold Rush 576:Mexican–American War 529:John Charles Frémont 508:Battle of Cross Keys 485:Mexican–American War 468:California Battalion 279:John Charles Frémont 40:John Fremont Burnham 20314:Union Army generals 20289:Radical Republicans 20204:Arizona Republicans 20164:Explorers of Oregon 19973:Supreme Court cases 19740:Radical Republicans 19519:Old soldiers' homes 19503:Confederate Veteran 19429:artworks in Capitol 19148:Reconstruction acts 19009:Colfax riot of 1873 17973:Richmond-Petersburg 17578:Fugitive slave laws 17508:Popular sovereignty 17488:Missouri Compromise 17478:Kansas-Nebraska Act 16290:Pleasant Valley War 16232:Sand Creek massacre 16182:Battle of the Alamo 16055:Long Tom's treasure 15750:Octaviano Larrazolo 15664:Ranald S. Mackenzie 15614:"Buffalo Bill" Cody 15325:"Old Bill" Williams 15275:William John Murphy 13969:College Republicans 12390:2000 (Philadelphia) 12130:1948 (Philadelphia) 12090:1940 (Philadelphia) 11907:1900 (Philadelphia) 11816:1872 (Philadelphia) 11764:1856 (Philadelphia) 11716:Fourth Party System 11039:Under U.S. military 10986:Brig. Gen. Figueroa 10735:Other party leaders 10726:1864 National Union 10190:William Howard Taft 10082:George B. McClellan 9974:William H. Crawford 9930:Charles C. Pinckney 9830:New political party 9719:Governor of Arizona 9428:political cartoon, 9418:Samuel M. Smucker, 9232:Goodwin, Cardinal. 9057:. Bancroft Library. 8739:McFeely, William S. 8506:Carwardine, Richard 8448:Bancroft, Hubert H. 8418:"The 1856 Handbook" 8038:Arizona Place Names 7736:. City of Fremont. 6903:, pp. 177–78; 6364:61#1 (2015): 35–63. 5528:, pp. 149–151. 5293:, pp. 121–23; 5269:, pp. 120–22; 5164:, pp. xx, xxi. 5152:Sides, 2006, p. 153 5143:Sides, 2006, p. 154 5098:Sides, 2006, p. 124 5077:, p. chapter 2 4679:Morgan (1953), p. 7 4357:Nevins 1939, 2:373. 3859:Joaquin Miller Park 3814:commemorative stamp 3776:Modesto, California 3752:Carson City, Nevada 3746:Antioch, California 3727:Anaheim, California 3690:Fremont, California 3653:Fremont, California 3486:San Francisco Peaks 3356:Fremont, California 3098:Lasthenia fremontii 2747:Rutherford B. Hayes 2709:Sharlot Hall Museum 2654:Radical Republicans 1992:Kansas–Nebraska Act 1965:Frémont arrived in 1877:Solomon Heydenfeldt 1835:, a partner in the 1801:Governor of Vermont 1758:Monarch butterflies 1664:"Old Bill" Williams 1313:California Republic 1283:Archibald Gillespie 674:, taking with them 580:California Republic 543:and founder of the 98:Rutherford B. Hayes 20194:American surveyors 20179:American botanists 20103:American Civil War 19794:A Lincoln Portrait 19735:Politicians killed 19659:U.S. Balloon Corps 19654:Union corps badges 19434:memorials to Davis 19304:Disenfranchisement 19175:Reconstruction era 19056:Timber Culture Act 19014:Compromise of 1877 17978:Franklin–Nashville 17648:Frederick Douglass 17551:Cornerstone Speech 17468:Compromise of 1850 17416:American Civil War 17115:Oklahoma Territory 16300:Sutton–Taylor feud 16280:Lincoln County War 16275:Johnson County War 16175:Military conflicts 16118:Klondike Gold Rush 15919:Westward expansion 15740:Zephaniah Kingsley 15514:John Wesley Hardin 15411:George Scarborough 15391:"Wild Bill" Hickok 15280:John Wesley Powell 14666:Andrew J. Donelson 14625:Robert F. Stockton 14610:Nathaniel P. Banks 14540:Stephen A. Douglas 14001:Republicans Abroad 13866:Legislative Digest 12330:1988 (New Orleans) 12270:1976 (Kansas City) 12250:1972 (Miami Beach) 12230:1968 (Miami Beach) 12030:1928 (Kansas City) 11894:1896 (Saint Louis) 11881:1892 (Minneapolis) 11726:Sixth Party System 11721:Fifth Party System 11711:Third Party System 11006:Lt. Col. Gutiérrez 10996:Lt. Col. Gutiérrez 10981:Lt. Col. Echeandía 10966:Lt. Col. Echeandía 10072:Stephen A. Douglas 9806:Served alongside: 9756:Served alongside: 9685:Robert F. Stockton 9677:Political offices 9657:To John C. Fremont 9519:by John c. Fremont 9347:, Richard (2011). 8984:Smith, Jean Edward 8744:Grant: A Biography 8216:Binford & Mort 8210:Snyder, Eugene E. 7642:The New York Times 7563:. Maggie MacLean. 7393:The New York Times 7288:on August 28, 2008 7102:on October 5, 2007 7010:, pp. 555–56. 6874:, pp. 177–78. 6859:, pp. 498–99. 6729:, pp. 488–89. 6676:, pp. 112–13. 6579:, pp. 111–12. 6339:(1947) pp. 496–502 6323:, pp. 170–71. 6207:, pp. 115–16. 6095:, pp. 172–73. 5886:Eaters of the Dead 5730:, p. xxxviii. 5388:, pp. 134–35. 5229:, pp. 516–17. 4406:Chaffin, pp. 21–22 4366:Gerald L. Fetner, 4261:lieutenant colonel 3833:SS John C. Fremont 3828: 3802: 3782:Taylorsville, Utah 3764:Fowler, California 3637:Florence, Colorado 3615:Fremont Hospital, 3511:North Platte River 3495:Continental Divide 3493:, a pass over the 3377:Fremont, Minnesota 3322: 3158:Phacelia fremontii 3118:Lepidium fremontii 3114:desert pepperweed 3052:Clematis fremontii 3028:pincushion flower 3018:Western rosinweed 3012:Berberis fremontii 2894:United States Navy 2880: 2864:European Americans 2804:were unjustified. 2793: 2771:Sparkill, New York 2720: 2712: 2673:from his cabinet. 2595:Nathaniel P. Banks 2591: 2500: 2454: 2409: 2366: 2338:Elihu B. Washburne 2316: 2281:Command and duties 2212: 2202:American Civil War 2184:three-way election 2092: 2053:Nathaniel P. Banks 2046:Fugitive Slave Law 2034: 1960:San Joaquin Valley 1925:Continental Divide 1862:Free Soil Democrat 1842:American Civil War 1742: 1652:Florence, Colorado 1584:Thomas Hart Benton 1548:Treaty of Cahuenga 1540: 1534:Brigadier General 1519:Treaty of Cahuenga 1467:retook Los Angeles 1465:, fought back and 1455:Bear Flag Republic 1449:in command of the 1438:Robert F. Stockton 1394: 1379:Don José Berreyesa 1362:Bear Flag Republic 1340:, was anchored at 1338:John B. Montgomery 1179:Buenaventura River 1155:San Joaquin Valley 1107: 1032:Mexican California 966: 900:Louisiana Purchase 884: 819:Thomas Hart Benton 815: 804: 800:Thomas Hart Benton 715:Charleston College 703: 615:American Civil War 551:when the vote was 535:and was the first 490:American Civil War 427:United States Army 371:Thomas Hart Benton 248:Robert F. Stockton 20048: 20047: 20016: 20015: 20012: 20011: 19846:Italian Americans 19831:African Americans 19788:John Brown's Body 19541: 19540: 19537: 19536: 19454: 19453: 19292:Robert E. Lee Day 19036:Freedmen's Bureau 18999:Brooks–Baxter War 18930: 18929: 18926: 18925: 18922: 18921: 18714: 18713: 18494: 18493: 18490: 18489: 18486: 18485: 17903:Northern Virginia 17849:Trans-Mississippi 17822: 17821: 17717: 17716: 17713: 17712: 17609:Uncle Tom's Cabin 17546:African Americans 17382: 17381: 17360: 17359: 17356: 17355: 17335:Wyoming Territory 16903:Montana Territory 16739:Florida Territory 16552:Arizona Territory 16439:Western lifestyle 16270:Earp-Clanton feud 16212:Chimayó Rebellion 16146:Battle of Lincoln 15952:Butterfield Trail 15902:Vigilante justice 15793: 15792: 15720:John Joel Glanton 15705:Jonathan R. Davis 15700:William H. Boring 15305:Trinidad Swilling 14894:Lenape (Delaware) 14819:Chippewa (Ojibwe) 14751:American frontier 14717: 14716: 14691: 14690: 14633: 14632: 14593:William L. Dayton 14554: 14553: 14433: 14432: 14171:(1863–1912) 14127: 14126: 14082: 14081: 14011:Young Republicans 13879:Senate Conference 13837: 13836: 13517: 13516: 11829:1876 (Cincinnati) 11654: 11653: 11346: 11345: 10961:Capt. L. Argüello 10925:Capt. J. Argüello 10890:Capt-Gen. de Neve 10821: 10820: 10757:William H. Seward 10699: 10698: 10645:William L. Dayton 10504: 10503: 10462: 10461: 10378:George H. W. Bush 10152:Benjamin Harrison 10022:Hugh Lawson White 10002:John Quincy Adams 9861: 9860: 9852:Succeeded by 9814:Succeeded by 9804:1850–1851 9795: 9777: 9764:Succeeded by 9754:1849–1850 9726:Succeeded by 9702:Stephen W. Kearny 9699:Succeeded by 9560:Project Gutenberg 9360:978-0-393-06126-0 9183:978-1-59691-019-5 9169:978-0-8090-7557-7 9099:978-1-5883-6992-5 9045:978-1-85109-677-0 8894:978-0-307-27757-2 8836:Woodward, C. Vann 8832:Oates, Stephen B. 8712:978-0-292-71633-9 8594:American Heritage 8519:978-0-582-03279-8 8479:978-0-385-53241-9 7965:Seattle's Fremont 7883:"Town of Fremont" 7768:978-0-87195-048-2 7593:Los Angeles Times 7236:978-1-59691-019-5 7161:978-0-87417-096-2 6916:Guelzo, Allen C. 6388:(2014) pp. 58–59. 6362:Civil War History 6195:, pp. 92–93. 6148:978-0-19-860669-7 5865:Trail to Disaster 5810:Grivas, pp. 74–75 5702:, p. xxxvii. 5360:, p. 123–24. 5129:Breckenridge 1894 5039:Breckenridge 1894 4985:978-0-7393-2672-5 4912:978-0-7864-4010-8 4735:Blood and Thunder 4715:, pp. 46–47. 4344:Andrew F. Rolle, 4153:French Revolution 4145:Norfolk, Virginia 3990: 3989: 3982: 3926:The 1856 Handbook 3922:Savannah, Georgia 3918:historical marker 3866:Pathfinder Chorus 3697:Fremont, Nebraska 3567:Las Vegas, Nevada 3548:in December 1846) 3473:San Benito County 3386:Fremont, Nebraska 3372:Fremont, Michigan 3298: 3297: 3290: 3208:Senecio fremontii 3204:mountain ragwort 3178:Populus fremontii 3148:Mimulus fremontii 2998: 2997: 2990: 2926:on March 7, 1911. 2853:, the celebrated 2788:John C. Frémont, 2753:Frémont lived on 2743:Arizona Territory 2689:James Watson Webb 2603:Stonewall Jackson 2515:to tell Lincoln: 2438:Paducah, Kentucky 2386:Mississippi River 2378:Claiborne Jackson 2300:Mississippi River 2241:Mississippi River 2065:William L. Dayton 1950:near present-day 1921:Old Spanish Trail 1645:Old Bill Williams 1536:Stephen W. Kearny 1474:Stephen W. Kearny 1463:José María Flores 1236:Sacramento Valley 1103:Sacramento Valley 1082:peaks and mapped 928:Peter Skene Ogden 707:Norfolk, Virginia 680:Savannah, Georgia 672:Norfolk, Virginia 566:and attended the 526: 525: 338:Radical Democracy 292:Savannah, Georgia 260:Stephen W. Kearny 32:John Fremont Hill 16:(Redirected from 20351: 20101: 20100: 20099: 20089: 20088: 20087: 20077: 20076: 20075: 20065: 20064: 20063: 20056: 20038: 20028: 20027: 19851:Native Americans 19836:German Americans 19629:Partisan rangers 19624:Official Records 19564: 19563: 19547: 19546: 19439:memorials to Lee 19386: 19385: 18947: 18946: 18936: 18935: 18723: 18722: 18520: 18519: 18513: 18512: 18500: 18499: 18473:Washington, D.C. 18267:Indian Territory 18227:Dakota Territory 18185: 18184: 18102:Chancellorsville 17893:Jackson's Valley 17883:Blockade runners 17759: 17758: 17752: 17751: 17723: 17722: 17683:Thaddeus Stevens 17673:Lysander Spooner 17633:Susan B. Anthony 17435: 17434: 17424: 17423: 17409: 17402: 17395: 17386: 17385: 17372: 17371: 17183:Oregon Territory 17120:Indian Territory 16686:Dakota Territory 16510: 16509: 16503: 16502: 16402:New Mexico chile 16285:Mason County War 16242:Texas Revolution 16207:Bear Flag Revolt 15957:California Trail 15867:Manifest destiny 15799:Frontier culture 15695:John Jacob Astor 15669:Charley Reynolds 15569:Younger Brothers 15549:Joaquin Murrieta 15436:Harry C. Wheeler 15431:James Timberlake 15320:Henry Wickenburg 15265:Meriwether Lewis 15184:Touch the Clouds 15046:Native Americans 15042: 15041: 14744: 14737: 14730: 14721: 14720: 14676:Other candidates 14664:Vice President: 14658:Millard Fillmore 14646: 14645: 14603:Other candidates 14591:Vice President: 14573: 14572: 14561:Republican Party 14528:Other candidates 14516:Vice President: 14498: 14497: 14486:Democratic Party 14460: 14453: 14446: 14437: 14436: 14282: 14272: 14271: 14172: 14154: 14147: 14140: 14131: 14130: 13884:Policy Committee 13860:House Conference 13850: 13849: 13533: 13532: 13090: 13089: 12510:2024 (Milwaukee) 12470:2016 (Cleveland) 12370:1996 (San Diego) 12070:1936 (Cleveland) 12010:1924 (Cleveland) 11790:1864 (Baltimore) 11690: 11689:Republican Party 11681: 11674: 11667: 11658: 11657: 11548: 11373: 11366: 11359: 11350: 11349: 11107: 11043: 10953: 10942: 10941: 10915:Lt. Col. Alberní 10867: 10848: 10841: 10834: 10825: 10824: 10803:Conscience Whigs 10772:Francis P. Blair 10633:Republican Party 10618:George W. Julian 10604:Charles F. Adams 10600:Martin Van Buren 10547: 10546: 10531: 10524: 10517: 10508: 10507: 10494: 10493: 10484: 10483: 10474: 10473: 10162:William J. Bryan 10142:Grover Cleveland 10112:Samuel J. Tilden 10032:Martin Van Buren 9910:Thomas Jefferson 9902: 9901: 9887: 9880: 9873: 9864: 9863: 9786: 9782:Preceded by 9768: 9729:Frederick Tritle 9709:Preceded by 9682:Preceded by 9674: 9673: 9652: 9636: 9621: 9606: 9590: 9569:Internet Archive 9490: 9364: 9279:Menard, Andrew. 9142:Brandon, William 9134:Bicknell, John. 9115: 9113: 9111: 9084:White, Ronald C. 9079: 9058: 9049: 9038:, CA: ABC-CLIO. 9026: 9024: 9022: 9005: 8993: 8979: 8964: 8946: 8927: 8916:10.2307/25156252 8898: 8879: 8873: 8865: 8853: 8827: 8816: 8805: 8791: 8789: 8787: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8734: 8725: 8716: 8697: 8695: 8693: 8674: 8665: 8633: 8621: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8582: 8576: 8568: 8557: 8523: 8501: 8492: 8483: 8471: 8457: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8390: 8388: 8369: 8363: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8321: 8315: 8314: 8312: 8310: 8295: 8289: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8262:"John C Fremont" 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8225: 8219: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8180:Hembree, Diana. 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8151: 8145: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8130: 8119: 8113: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8101:"Pathfinder Dam" 8097: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8071: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8032: 8026: 8025: 8023: 8021: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7960: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7923: 7908: 7899: 7898: 7896: 7894: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7870: 7868: 7850: 7844: 7843: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7820: 7818: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7777: 7771: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7745: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7709: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7671: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7639: 7632: 7626: 7620: 7609: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7590: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7572: 7552: 7546: 7543:Heidenreich 2007 7540: 7534: 7531:Heidenreich 2007 7528: 7517: 7511: 7500: 7494: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7469:Canyon City News 7460: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7432: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7402: 7396: 7379: 7370: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7313: 7307: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7278: 7272: 7271: 7269: 7267: 7247: 7241: 7240: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7145: 7139: 7131: 7125: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7098:. Archived from 7092: 7086: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7049: 7043: 7028: 7022: 7011: 7005: 6999: 6993: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6964: 6951: 6948: 6942: 6939: 6933: 6927: 6921: 6914: 6908: 6898: 6892: 6886: 6875: 6869: 6860: 6854: 6848: 6842: 6836: 6830: 6824: 6818: 6812: 6806: 6800: 6794: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6759: 6753: 6742: 6736: 6730: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6701: 6695: 6689: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6638: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6599: 6593: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6562: 6556: 6550: 6537: 6531: 6525: 6519: 6510: 6500: 6483: 6477: 6462: 6456: 6447: 6441: 6435: 6429: 6420: 6414: 6408: 6402: 6389: 6382: 6376: 6371: 6365: 6358: 6352: 6346: 6340: 6333: 6324: 6318: 6309: 6303: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6223: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6184: 6178: 6165: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6122: 6111: 6105: 6096: 6090: 6081: 6073: 6062: 6056: 6029: 6023: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5989: 5982: 5974: 5968: 5967: 5951: 5941: 5935: 5930:Roberts, David, 5928: 5922: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5895: 5889: 5882: 5876: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5850: 5844:Encyclopedia.com 5836: 5830: 5817: 5811: 5808: 5802: 5799: 5793: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5762: 5756: 5750: 5744: 5739:Groom, Winston: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5712: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5674: 5666: 5660: 5653: 5647: 5644: 5638: 5631: 5625: 5622: 5616: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5575: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5478: 5472: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5430: 5424: 5418: 5412: 5406: 5400: 5389: 5383: 5377: 5367: 5361: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5304: 5298: 5280: 5274: 5260: 5254: 5248: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5204: 5198: 5192: 5181: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5150: 5144: 5141: 5132: 5126: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5105: 5099: 5096: 5090: 5089:, pp. 69–70 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5054: 5048: 5042: 5036: 5030: 5024: 5018: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4948: 4938: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4896: 4890: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4865: 4856: 4849: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4739: 4738: 4727: 4716: 4710: 4701: 4695: 4680: 4677: 4671: 4668: 4662: 4659: 4653: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4635: 4620: 4611: 4605: 4564: 4554: 4548: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4436: 4426: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4371: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4349: 4342: 4336: 4329: 4307: 4304: 4298: 4291: 4285: 4278: 4272: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4242: 4224: 4218: 4198: 4192: 4181: 4175: 4167: 4161: 4151:, fought in the 4125: 4097: 4088: 4079: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4025: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3985: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3945: 3944: 3937: 3805:The prehistoric 3740:Roseburg, Oregon 3703:Plain City, Utah 3437:Fremont, Seattle 3362:Fremont, Indiana 3350:Cities and towns 3293: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3249: 3248: 3241: 3188:Prunus fremontii 3174:cottonwood tree 3164:desert combleaf 3128:Lycium fremontii 3124:desert boxthorn 3082:Garrya fremontii 2993: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2973: 2949: 2948: 2941: 2920:Boston Navy Yard 2859:Bear Flag Revolt 2813:Ulysses S. Grant 2728:Pacific Railroad 2691:. They named it 2671:Montgomery Blair 2623:Army of Virginia 2540:Orville Browning 2422:Ulysses S. Grant 2405:Ulysses S. Grant 2346:Justus McKinstry 2266:Ulysses S. Grant 2264:, believed that 2188:Millard Fillmore 2119: 2110: 2038:Republican Party 2013: 2004: 1946:and entered the 1746:Sierra foothills 1695:Canyon de Chelly 1641:Pueblo, Colorado 1564:adjutant general 1560:Fort Leavenworth 1556:Richard B. Mason 1402:Pacific Squadron 1300:Williamson River 1256:Mission San José 1245:Thomas O. Larkin 1165:and present-day 1084:Mount St. Helens 1006:Wind River Range 1004:he explored the 912:Thomas Jefferson 892:Meriwether Lewis 863:Manifest Destiny 831:Manifest Destiny 827:Democratic Party 749:Cherokee Indians 722:Joel R. Poinsett 699:Joel R. Poinsett 684:Virginia Patriot 676:household slaves 668:Major John Pryor 636:Pacific Railroad 456: 415: 413: 412: 400:Military service 395: 305: 289:January 21, 1813 288: 286: 270:Personal details 256: 244: 235: 212: 205:Seat established 202: 193: 167: 153: 144: 122:Frederick Tritle 118: 106: 94: 85: 61: 47: 46: 21: 20359: 20358: 20354: 20353: 20352: 20350: 20349: 20348: 20119:John C. Frémont 20109: 20108: 20107: 20097: 20095: 20085: 20083: 20073: 20071: 20061: 20059: 20051: 20049: 20044: 20008: 19992: 19877: 19841:Irish Americans 19819: 19764: 19673: 19664:U.S. Home Guard 19604:Field artillery 19558: 19557: 19533: 19475: 19450: 19412: 19381: 19375: 19267:Civil War Trust 19234: 19228: 19116:Ethnic violence 19101:Kirk–Holden war 18980: 18941: 18918: 18852: 18710: 18654: 18507: 18482: 18436: 18189: 18176: 18007: 17988:Sherman's March 17968:Bermuda Hundred 17863: 17818: 17790: 17746: 17745: 17709: 17668:J. Sella Martin 17638:James G. Birney 17614: 17532: 17458:Bleeding Kansas 17446: 17429: 17418: 17413: 17383: 17378: 17352: 17329: 17296: 17278: 17230: 17177: 17117: 17109: 17036: 17008: 16955: 16897: 16865: 16822: 16804: 16787:Idaho Territory 16781: 16733: 16680: 16647: 16599: 16546: 16497: 16392:Native American 16365: 16316:Arizona Rangers 16304: 16259: 16251: 16170: 16151:Frisco shootout 16127: 16089: 16035:Dead man's hand 16021: 15934: 15928: 15924:Wild West shows 15832:Cattle rustling 15789: 15775:Sedona Schnebly 15760:Sylvester Mowry 15683: 15674:Philip Sheridan 15624:James C. Cooney 15596: 15590: 15482:Dalton Brothers 15440: 15351:Charlie Bassett 15334: 15255:John C. Frémont 15209: 15203: 15169:Snapping Turtle 15033: 14984:Southern Paiute 14949:Pend d'Oreilles 14934:Northern Paiute 14760: 14753: 14748: 14718: 14713: 14687: 14671: 14629: 14615:Abraham Lincoln 14598: 14585:John C. Frémont 14564: 14550: 14545:Franklin Pierce 14523: 14489: 14479: 14464: 14434: 14429: 14280: 14273: 14269: 14264: 14170: 14163: 14158: 14128: 14123: 14078: 14031: 14025: 13961: 13955: 13923: 13917: 13844: 13833: 13792: 13528: 13526: 13513: 13462:Chair elections 13457: 13079: 12978:D. B. Henderson 12966:T. J. Henderson 12891: 12888: 12886: 12881: 12877: 12870: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12673: 12546:administrations 12544: 12536: 12430:2008 (St. Paul) 12410:2004 (New York) 11755: 11752: 11750: 11746: 11743: 11739: 11732: 11692: 11688: 11685: 11655: 11650: 11549: 11540: 11382: 11377: 11347: 11342: 11314: 11105: 11104: 11097: 11041: 11040: 11034: 10991:Lt. Col. Castro 10951: 10950: 10943: 10939: 10934: 10920:Capt. Arrillaga 10905:Capt. Arrillaga 10865: 10864: 10857: 10852: 10822: 10817: 10776: 10747:Salmon P. Chase 10730: 10721:1860 Republican 10716:1856 Republican 10695: 10682:Abraham Lincoln 10668: 10659:Hannibal Hamlin 10655:Abraham Lincoln 10641:John C. Frémont 10627: 10592:Free Soil Party 10586: 10573:James G. Birney 10559:James G. Birney 10538: 10535: 10505: 10500: 10458: 10457: 10438:Hillary Clinton 10368:Michael Dukakis 10328:George McGovern 10318:Hubert Humphrey 10308:Barry Goldwater 10284:Adlai Stevenson 10270:Thomas E. Dewey 10260:Wendell Willkie 10180:Alton B. Parker 10132:James G. Blaine 10092:Horatio Seymour 10062:John C. Frémont 9896: 9891: 9857: 9855:Abraham Lincoln 9846: 9819: 9809:William M. Gwin 9805: 9803: 9785: 9767: 9759:William M. Gwin 9755: 9753: 9731: 9722: 9714: 9704: 9695: 9687: 9659:," a poem from 9640: 9624: 9609: 9594: 9532:"Las Mariposas" 9502:Wayback Machine 9472:Wayback Machine 9447: 9442: 9426:Harper's Weekly 9385: 9383:Primary sources 9361: 9239:Harvey, Miles. 9214:Wayback Machine 9173:Denton, Sally. 9123: 9121:Further reading 9118: 9109: 9107: 9100: 9076: 9046: 9020: 9018: 9002: 8943: 8895: 8867: 8866: 8850: 8785: 8783: 8764: 8762: 8755: 8713: 8691: 8689: 8662: 8643:Wayback Machine 8630: 8604: 8602: 8570: 8569: 8550:Garden City, NY 8520: 8480: 8442: 8437: 8436: 8426: 8424: 8414: 8410: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8386: 8384: 8371: 8370: 8366: 8357:Wayback Machine 8348: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8323: 8322: 8318: 8308: 8306: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8285: 8281: 8271: 8269: 8260: 8259: 8255: 8245: 8243: 8226: 8222: 8218:, 1979. p. 133. 8209: 8205: 8195: 8193: 8178: 8174: 8164: 8162: 8153: 8152: 8148: 8138: 8136: 8128: 8120: 8116: 8106: 8104: 8099: 8098: 8094: 8084: 8082: 8073: 8072: 8068: 8058: 8056: 8049: 8033: 8029: 8019: 8017: 8010: 7994: 7990: 7975: 7961: 7957: 7947: 7945: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7921: 7919: 7912:"Fremont River" 7910: 7909: 7902: 7892: 7890: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7866: 7864: 7851: 7847: 7830: 7826: 7816: 7814: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7790: 7788: 7779: 7778: 7774: 7757: 7753: 7743: 7741: 7732: 7731: 7727: 7710: 7693: 7683: 7681: 7674:Oakland Tribune 7666: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7621: 7612: 7602: 7600: 7585: 7584: 7580: 7570: 7568: 7553: 7549: 7541: 7537: 7529: 7520: 7512: 7503: 7495: 7488: 7478: 7476: 7461: 7457: 7447: 7445: 7434: 7433: 7429: 7419: 7417: 7404: 7403: 7399: 7395:, July 14, 1890 7389:Wayback Machine 7380: 7373: 7363: 7361: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7314: 7310: 7305: 7301: 7291: 7289: 7280: 7279: 7275: 7265: 7263: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7223: 7219: 7211: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7173: 7169: 7162: 7146: 7142: 7132: 7128: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7084:Wayback Machine 7075: 7071: 7067:, p. 1560. 7063: 7052: 7044: 7031: 7023: 7014: 7006: 7002: 6994: 6985: 6977: 6973: 6965: 6954: 6949: 6945: 6940: 6936: 6930:Carwardine 2003 6928: 6924: 6915: 6911: 6901:Carwardine 2003 6899: 6895: 6887: 6878: 6872:Carwardine 2003 6870: 6863: 6855: 6851: 6843: 6839: 6831: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6807: 6803: 6795: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6766: 6762: 6754: 6745: 6737: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6713: 6704: 6696: 6692: 6684: 6680: 6672: 6665: 6657: 6653: 6645: 6641: 6633:, p. 156; 6629: 6625: 6617: 6602: 6594: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6563: 6559: 6551: 6540: 6532: 6528: 6520: 6513: 6509:(2001) p. 115. 6501: 6486: 6478: 6465: 6457: 6450: 6442: 6438: 6430: 6423: 6415: 6411: 6403: 6392: 6383: 6379: 6372: 6368: 6359: 6355: 6347: 6343: 6334: 6327: 6319: 6312: 6304: 6283: 6275: 6271: 6264: 6248: 6244: 6236: 6232: 6224: 6211: 6203: 6199: 6191: 6187: 6179: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6123: 6114: 6106: 6099: 6091: 6084: 6074: 6065: 6057: 6032: 6024: 6003: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5980: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5964: 5942: 5938: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5912: 5910: 5897: 5896: 5892: 5883: 5879: 5862: 5858: 5848: 5846: 5838: 5837: 5833: 5827:Wayback Machine 5818: 5814: 5809: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5784: 5777: 5763: 5759: 5751: 5747: 5738: 5734: 5726: 5715: 5710: 5706: 5698: 5677: 5667: 5663: 5654: 5650: 5645: 5641: 5632: 5628: 5623: 5619: 5615:Bancroft p. 253 5614: 5610: 5602: 5598: 5588: 5586: 5577: 5576: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5540:, pp. 154. 5536: 5532: 5524: 5520: 5512: 5508: 5504:, pp. 149. 5500: 5496: 5492:, pp. 148. 5488: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5461:Wayback Machine 5452: 5448: 5444:, pp. 143. 5440: 5433: 5429:, pp. 142. 5425: 5421: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5392: 5384: 5380: 5372:, p. 134; 5368: 5364: 5356:, p. 126; 5352: 5348: 5340: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5281: 5277: 5261: 5257: 5249: 5245: 5237: 5233: 5225: 5221: 5205: 5201: 5193: 5184: 5172: 5168: 5160: 5156: 5151: 5147: 5142: 5135: 5127: 5123: 5115: 5111: 5106: 5102: 5097: 5093: 5085: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5061: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5037: 5033: 5025: 5021: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4986: 4970: 4966: 4962:, p. xlvi. 4958: 4951: 4939: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4913: 4897: 4893: 4885: 4881: 4872: 4868: 4851: 4850: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4815: 4811: 4803: 4742: 4728: 4719: 4711: 4704: 4696: 4683: 4678: 4674: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4630:, eds. (1900). 4621: 4614: 4606: 4567: 4555: 4551: 4539: 4535: 4527: 4508: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4480: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4427: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4374: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4343: 4339: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4292: 4288: 4279: 4275: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4225: 4221: 4217:for settlement. 4199: 4195: 4182: 4178: 4168: 4164: 4141:prisoner of war 4126: 4122: 4117: 4105: 4098: 4089: 4080: 4071: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3986: 3975: 3969: 3955: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3816:as part of the 3807:Fremont culture 3790: 3645: 3632:in Los Angeles. 3625: 3601: 3596: 3582:Fremont Ave in 3572:Fremont Ave in 3535: 3469:Monterey County 3452: 3433: 3352: 3306: 3294: 3283: 3277: 3274: 3260:Please help by 3259: 3250: 3246: 3239: 3234: 3214:yellowray gold 3184:desert apricot 3108:Layia fremontii 3004: 2994: 2983: 2977: 2974: 2960:Please help by 2959: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2872: 2782: 2701: 2681: 2650:Abraham Lincoln 2646: 2636: 2619: 2583: 2569: 2548: 2509:Abraham Lincoln 2496:Abraham Lincoln 2488: 2482: 2466:Charles Zagonyi 2446: 2398: 2374:Abraham Lincoln 2354: 2308: 2283: 2278: 2258:Cairo, Illinois 2204: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2112: 2111: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2006: 2005: 1994: 1988:Bleeding Kansas 1976: 1923:, crossing the 1917:San Luis Valley 1902:daguerreotypist 1893: 1858:Bennet C. Riley 1854: 1730: 1724: 1666:were killed by 1609: 1596:Justin H. Smith 1528: 1510:San Marcos Pass 1480:" after taking 1354:Mariano Vallejo 1336:, commanded by 1323: 1309: 1232: 1209:George Bancroft 1192: 1052:Great Salt Lake 1047:howitzer cannon 1042: 1024: 978:Rocky Mountains 959: 952: 916:Pike Expedition 882: 873: 872:John C. Frémont 865: 855: 793: 781:Étienne Provost 773:Joseph Renville 753:Joseph Nicollet 664:French-Canadian 660: 623:Abraham Lincoln 518: 470: 443: 441: 429: 410: 408: 373:(father-in-law) 333: 332:Other political 323: 316:Political party 307: 303: 290: 284: 282: 281: 280: 254: 242: 236: 231: 210: 200: 194: 189: 180: 165: 151: 145: 140: 131: 116: 104: 92: 86: 81: 64: 63:Frémont c. 1856 52: 51:John C. Frémont 43: 28: 23: 22: 18:John C. Fremont 15: 12: 11: 5: 20357: 20347: 20346: 20341: 20336: 20331: 20326: 20321: 20316: 20311: 20306: 20301: 20296: 20291: 20286: 20281: 20276: 20271: 20266: 20261: 20256: 20251: 20246: 20241: 20236: 20231: 20226: 20221: 20216: 20211: 20206: 20201: 20196: 20191: 20186: 20181: 20176: 20171: 20166: 20161: 20156: 20151: 20146: 20141: 20136: 20131: 20126: 20121: 20106: 20105: 20093: 20081: 20069: 20046: 20045: 20043: 20042: 20032: 20021: 20018: 20017: 20014: 20013: 20010: 20009: 20007: 20006: 20000: 19998: 19994: 19993: 19991: 19990: 19988:Women soldiers 19985: 19980: 19975: 19970: 19965: 19960: 19955: 19950: 19945: 19943:Naming the war 19940: 19935: 19930: 19925: 19924: 19923: 19913: 19912: 19911: 19901: 19896: 19891: 19885: 19883: 19879: 19878: 19876: 19875: 19874: 19873: 19868: 19863: 19858: 19848: 19843: 19838: 19833: 19827: 19825: 19821: 19820: 19818: 19817: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19790: 19785: 19780: 19774: 19772: 19766: 19765: 19763: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19712: 19707: 19702: 19697: 19692: 19687: 19681: 19679: 19675: 19674: 19672: 19671: 19666: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19646: 19641: 19636: 19631: 19626: 19621: 19616: 19611: 19606: 19601: 19596: 19591: 19586: 19581: 19579:Campaign Medal 19576: 19570: 19568: 19560: 19559: 19556: 19555: 19554:Related topics 19551: 19543: 19542: 19539: 19538: 19535: 19534: 19532: 19531: 19526: 19521: 19516: 19511: 19506: 19499: 19494: 19489: 19483: 19481: 19477: 19476: 19474: 19473: 19468: 19462: 19460: 19456: 19455: 19452: 19451: 19449: 19448: 19443: 19442: 19441: 19436: 19431: 19420: 19418: 19414: 19413: 19411: 19410: 19409: 19408: 19403: 19392: 19390: 19383: 19377: 19376: 19374: 19373: 19368: 19363: 19358: 19353: 19348: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19317: 19316: 19311: 19301: 19296: 19295: 19294: 19289: 19284: 19282:Decoration Day 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19254: 19249: 19238: 19236: 19235:Reconstruction 19230: 19229: 19227: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19215: 19214: 19204: 19199: 19194: 19193: 19192: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19171: 19170: 19165: 19160: 19155: 19145: 19144: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19098: 19097: 19096: 19091: 19089:second inquiry 19086: 19081: 19076: 19071: 19061: 19060: 19059: 19053: 19046:Homestead Acts 19043: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19027: 19026: 19016: 19011: 19006: 19001: 18996: 18994:Alabama Claims 18990: 18988: 18986:Reconstruction 18982: 18981: 18979: 18978: 18977: 18976: 18974:15th Amendment 18971: 18969:14th Amendment 18966: 18964:13th Amendment 18955: 18953: 18943: 18942: 18932: 18931: 18928: 18927: 18924: 18923: 18920: 18919: 18917: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18901: 18896: 18891: 18886: 18881: 18876: 18871: 18866: 18860: 18858: 18854: 18853: 18851: 18850: 18845: 18840: 18835: 18830: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18800: 18795: 18790: 18785: 18780: 18775: 18770: 18765: 18760: 18755: 18750: 18745: 18740: 18735: 18729: 18727: 18720: 18716: 18715: 18712: 18711: 18709: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18688: 18683: 18678: 18673: 18668: 18662: 18660: 18656: 18655: 18653: 18652: 18647: 18642: 18637: 18632: 18627: 18622: 18617: 18612: 18607: 18602: 18597: 18595:J. E. Johnston 18592: 18590:A. S. Johnston 18587: 18582: 18577: 18572: 18567: 18562: 18557: 18552: 18547: 18542: 18537: 18532: 18530:R. H. Anderson 18526: 18524: 18517: 18509: 18508: 18496: 18495: 18492: 18491: 18488: 18487: 18484: 18483: 18481: 18480: 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18455: 18450: 18444: 18442: 18438: 18437: 18435: 18434: 18429: 18424: 18419: 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18392:South Carolina 18389: 18384: 18379: 18374: 18369: 18367:North Carolina 18364: 18359: 18354: 18349: 18344: 18339: 18334: 18329: 18324: 18319: 18314: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18294: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18193: 18191: 18182: 18178: 18177: 18175: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18092:Fredericksburg 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18032:Wilson's Creek 18029: 18024: 18018: 18016: 18009: 18008: 18006: 18005: 18000: 17995: 17990: 17985: 17980: 17975: 17970: 17965: 17960: 17955: 17950: 17945: 17940: 17935: 17930: 17925: 17920: 17915: 17910: 17905: 17900: 17895: 17890: 17885: 17880: 17874: 17872: 17865: 17864: 17862: 17861: 17856: 17851: 17846: 17844:Lower Seaboard 17841: 17836: 17830: 17828: 17824: 17823: 17820: 17819: 17817: 17816: 17811: 17806: 17800: 17798: 17792: 17791: 17789: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17767: 17765: 17756: 17748: 17747: 17744: 17743: 17740: 17737: 17734: 17731: 17727: 17719: 17718: 17715: 17714: 17711: 17710: 17708: 17707: 17702: 17700:Harriet Tubman 17697: 17696: 17695: 17688:Charles Sumner 17685: 17680: 17675: 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17635: 17630: 17624: 17622: 17616: 17615: 17613: 17612: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17565: 17558: 17553: 17548: 17542: 17540: 17534: 17533: 17531: 17530: 17525: 17523:States' rights 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17449: 17447: 17445: 17444: 17438: 17431: 17430: 17420: 17419: 17412: 17411: 17404: 17397: 17389: 17380: 17379: 17377: 17376: 17365: 17362: 17361: 17358: 17357: 17354: 17353: 17351: 17350: 17345: 17339: 17337: 17331: 17330: 17328: 17327: 17322: 17317: 17312: 17306: 17304: 17298: 17297: 17295: 17294: 17292:Salt Lake City 17288: 17286: 17284:Utah Territory 17280: 17279: 17277: 17276: 17271: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17246: 17240: 17238: 17232: 17231: 17229: 17228: 17223: 17218: 17213: 17208: 17203: 17198: 17193: 17187: 17185: 17179: 17178: 17176: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17150: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17130: 17124: 17122: 17111: 17110: 17108: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17062: 17057: 17052: 17046: 17044: 17038: 17037: 17035: 17034: 17029: 17024: 17018: 17016: 17010: 17009: 17007: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16965: 16963: 16957: 16956: 16954: 16953: 16948: 16943: 16938: 16933: 16928: 16923: 16918: 16913: 16907: 16905: 16899: 16898: 16896: 16895: 16892: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16875: 16873: 16867: 16866: 16864: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16848: 16843: 16838: 16832: 16830: 16824: 16823: 16821: 16820: 16814: 16812: 16806: 16805: 16803: 16802: 16797: 16791: 16789: 16783: 16782: 16780: 16779: 16774: 16769: 16764: 16762:Prospect Bluff 16759: 16754: 16749: 16743: 16741: 16735: 16734: 16732: 16731: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16690: 16688: 16682: 16681: 16679: 16678: 16673: 16668: 16663: 16657: 16655: 16649: 16648: 16646: 16645: 16640: 16635: 16630: 16625: 16620: 16615: 16609: 16607: 16601: 16600: 16598: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16567: 16562: 16556: 16554: 16548: 16547: 16545: 16544: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16518: 16516: 16507: 16499: 16498: 16496: 16495: 16494: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16468: 16467: 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16424:Gothic Western 16421: 16420: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16399: 16394: 16389: 16384: 16373: 16371: 16367: 16366: 16364: 16363: 16358: 16353: 16348: 16343: 16338: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16318: 16312: 16310: 16306: 16305: 16303: 16302: 16297: 16292: 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16266: 16264: 16253: 16252: 16250: 16249: 16244: 16239: 16234: 16229: 16224: 16219: 16214: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16194: 16189: 16184: 16178: 16176: 16172: 16171: 16169: 16168: 16163: 16158: 16153: 16148: 16143: 16137: 16135: 16129: 16128: 16126: 16125: 16120: 16115: 16110: 16105: 16099: 16097: 16091: 16090: 16088: 16087: 16082: 16077: 16072: 16067: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16042: 16037: 16031: 16029: 16023: 16022: 16020: 16019: 16014: 16009: 16004: 16002:Santa Fe Trail 15999: 15994: 15989: 15984: 15979: 15974: 15969: 15964: 15962:Chisholm Trail 15959: 15954: 15949: 15944: 15938: 15936: 15930: 15929: 15927: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15915: 15914: 15907:Western saloon 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15834: 15829: 15824: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15807:American bison 15803: 15801: 15795: 15794: 15791: 15790: 15788: 15787: 15782: 15777: 15772: 15767: 15765:Emperor Norton 15762: 15757: 15752: 15747: 15742: 15737: 15735:Andrew Jackson 15732: 15727: 15722: 15717: 15712: 15707: 15702: 15697: 15691: 15689: 15685: 15684: 15682: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15600: 15598: 15592: 15591: 15589: 15588: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15448: 15446: 15442: 15441: 15439: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15342: 15340: 15336: 15335: 15333: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15295:Jedediah Smith 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15216: 15214: 15205: 15204: 15202: 15201: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15050: 15048: 15039: 15038:Notable people 15035: 15034: 15032: 15031: 15029:Yuma (Quechan) 15026: 15021: 15016: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14989:Tohono Oʼodham 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14776: 14770: 14768: 14766:Native Nations 14762: 14761: 14758: 14755: 14754: 14747: 14746: 14739: 14732: 14724: 14715: 14714: 14712: 14711: 14706: 14696: 14693: 14692: 14689: 14688: 14686: 14685: 14679: 14677: 14673: 14672: 14670: 14669: 14661: 14652: 14650: 14643: 14640:American Party 14635: 14634: 14631: 14630: 14628: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14606: 14604: 14600: 14599: 14597: 14596: 14588: 14579: 14577: 14570: 14556: 14555: 14552: 14551: 14549: 14548: 14542: 14537: 14531: 14529: 14525: 14524: 14522: 14521: 14513: 14510:James Buchanan 14504: 14502: 14495: 14481: 14480: 14463: 14462: 14455: 14448: 14440: 14431: 14430: 14428: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14412: 14407: 14402: 14397: 14392: 14387: 14382: 14377: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14292: 14286: 14284: 14275: 14274: 14267: 14265: 14263: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14176: 14174: 14165: 14164: 14157: 14156: 14149: 14142: 14134: 14125: 14124: 14122: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14090: 14088: 14084: 14083: 14080: 14079: 14077: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14064:Liberty Caucus 14061: 14059:ConservAmerica 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14035: 14033: 14027: 14026: 14024: 14023: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13977: 13976: 13965: 13963: 13957: 13956: 13954: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13927: 13925: 13919: 13918: 13916: 13915: 13914: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13896:Freedom Caucus 13888: 13887: 13886: 13876: 13875: 13874: 13869: 13856: 13854: 13847: 13839: 13838: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13831: 13829:Virgin Islands 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13804:American Samoa 13800: 13798: 13794: 13793: 13791: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13738:South Carolina 13735: 13730: 13725: 13720: 13715: 13710: 13705: 13703:North Carolina 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13539: 13537: 13530: 13519: 13518: 13515: 13514: 13512: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13471: 13465: 13463: 13459: 13458: 13456: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13192: 13187: 13182: 13177: 13172: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13147: 13142: 13137: 13132: 13127: 13122: 13117: 13112: 13107: 13102: 13096: 13094: 13087: 13081: 13080: 13078: 13077: 13071: 13065: 13059: 13053: 13047: 13041: 13035: 13029: 13023: 13017: 13011: 13005: 12999: 12993: 12987: 12981: 12975: 12969: 12963: 12957: 12951: 12945: 12939: 12933: 12927: 12921: 12915: 12909: 12903: 12896: 12894: 12872: 12871: 12869: 12868: 12862: 12856: 12850: 12844: 12838: 12832: 12826: 12820: 12814: 12808: 12802: 12796: 12790: 12784: 12778: 12772: 12766: 12760: 12754: 12748: 12742: 12736: 12730: 12724: 12718: 12712: 12706: 12700: 12693: 12691: 12675: 12674: 12672: 12671: 12665: 12659: 12653: 12647: 12641: 12635: 12629: 12623: 12617: 12611: 12605: 12599: 12593: 12587: 12581: 12575: 12569: 12563: 12557: 12550: 12548: 12538: 12537: 12535: 12534: 12531:2028 (Houston) 12527: 12526: 12525: 12507: 12506: 12505: 12487: 12486: 12485: 12467: 12466: 12465: 12447: 12446: 12445: 12427: 12426: 12425: 12407: 12406: 12405: 12387: 12386: 12385: 12367: 12366: 12365: 12350:1992 (Houston) 12347: 12346: 12345: 12327: 12326: 12325: 12307: 12306: 12305: 12290:1980 (Detroit) 12287: 12286: 12285: 12267: 12266: 12265: 12247: 12246: 12245: 12227: 12226: 12225: 12207: 12206: 12205: 12190:1960 (Chicago) 12187: 12186: 12185: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12150:1952 (Chicago) 12147: 12146: 12145: 12127: 12126: 12125: 12110:1944 (Chicago) 12107: 12106: 12105: 12087: 12086: 12085: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12050:1932 (Chicago) 12047: 12046: 12045: 12027: 12026: 12025: 12007: 12006: 12005: 11990:1920 (Chicago) 11987: 11986: 11985: 11970:1916 (Chicago) 11967: 11966: 11965: 11946:1912 (Chicago) 11943: 11933:1908 (Chicago) 11930: 11920:1904 (Chicago) 11917: 11904: 11891: 11878: 11868:1888 (Chicago) 11865: 11855:1884 (Chicago) 11852: 11842:1880 (Chicago) 11839: 11826: 11813: 11803:1868 (Chicago) 11800: 11787: 11777:1860 (Chicago) 11774: 11760: 11758: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11729: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11708: 11697: 11694: 11693: 11684: 11683: 11676: 11669: 11661: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11603: 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11578: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11557: 11555: 11551: 11550: 11543: 11541: 11539: 11538: 11533: 11528: 11523: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11392: 11390: 11384: 11383: 11376: 11375: 11368: 11361: 11353: 11344: 11343: 11341: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11319: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11300:Schwarzenegger 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11222: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11111: 11109: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11066: 11055:Cdre. Stockton 11052: 11046: 11044: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11032: 11027: 11022: 11011:Pres. Alvarado 11008: 11003: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10957: 10955: 10945: 10944: 10937: 10935: 10933: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10871: 10869: 10859: 10858: 10851: 10850: 10843: 10836: 10828: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10784: 10782: 10781:Related groups 10778: 10777: 10775: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10752:Charles Sumner 10749: 10744: 10738: 10736: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10711:1848 Free Soil 10707: 10705: 10701: 10700: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10693: 10686:Andrew Johnson 10678: 10676: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10666: 10652: 10637: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10625: 10611: 10596: 10594: 10588: 10587: 10585: 10584: 10570: 10555: 10553: 10544: 10540: 10539: 10534: 10533: 10526: 10519: 10511: 10502: 10501: 10499: 10498: 10488: 10478: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10456: 10455: 10445: 10435: 10425: 10415: 10405: 10395: 10385: 10375: 10365: 10358:Walter Mondale 10355: 10345: 10335: 10325: 10315: 10305: 10295: 10281: 10267: 10257: 10247: 10240:Herbert Hoover 10237: 10227: 10217: 10207: 10197: 10187: 10177: 10159: 10149: 10139: 10129: 10119: 10109: 10102:Horace Greeley 10099: 10089: 10079: 10069: 10059: 10052:Winfield Scott 10049: 10039: 10029: 10019: 10009: 9999: 9981: 9971: 9964:Andrew Jackson 9961: 9951: 9944:DeWitt Clinton 9941: 9927: 9917: 9906: 9905: 9898: 9897: 9890: 9889: 9882: 9875: 9867: 9859: 9858: 9853: 9850: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9821: 9820: 9817:John B. Weller 9815: 9812: 9796: 9791:Shadow Senator 9783: 9779: 9778: 9765: 9762: 9746: 9740: 9739: 9733: 9732: 9727: 9724: 9715: 9710: 9706: 9705: 9700: 9697: 9688: 9683: 9679: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9670: 9669: 9653: 9643:Obituary Notes 9637: 9622: 9607: 9584: 9571: 9562: 9553: 9545: 9540: 9529: 9521: 9513: 9504: 9492: 9476: 9474: 9462: 9457: 9446: 9445:External links 9443: 9441: 9440: 9433: 9423: 9416: 9406: 9399:Horace Greeley 9396: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9379: 9377:979-8823024457 9365: 9359: 9341: 9334: 9320: 9306: 9291: 9284: 9277: 9270:Inskeep, Steve 9267: 9262:Herr, Pamela. 9260: 9237: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9199: 9185: 9171: 9159:Chaffin, Tom. 9157: 9139: 9132: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9116: 9098: 9080: 9074: 9059: 9050: 9044: 9027: 9006: 9000: 8980: 8965: 8955:. Washington: 8947: 8941: 8928: 8899: 8893: 8880: 8858:Polk, James K. 8854: 8848: 8828: 8817: 8806: 8792: 8771: 8753: 8735: 8726: 8717: 8711: 8698: 8675: 8666: 8660: 8645: 8628: 8611: 8584: 8558: 8536: 8518: 8502: 8493: 8484: 8478: 8458: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8408: 8394: 8364: 8342: 8316: 8290: 8279: 8253: 8220: 8203: 8172: 8146: 8114: 8092: 8066: 8048:978-0816534951 8047: 8027: 8009:978-0944220214 8008: 7988: 7974:978-0738531199 7973: 7955: 7929: 7900: 7874: 7859:. p. 74. 7845: 7824: 7798: 7772: 7751: 7725: 7691: 7659: 7627: 7610: 7578: 7547: 7535: 7518: 7501: 7486: 7455: 7427: 7397: 7371: 7342: 7328: 7308: 7306:Denton, p. 354 7299: 7273: 7242: 7235: 7217: 7196: 7167: 7160: 7140: 7126: 7113: 7087: 7069: 7050: 7048:, p. 468. 7029: 7027:, p. 467. 7012: 7000: 6998:, p. 555. 6983: 6981:, p. 554. 6971: 6969:, p. 550. 6952: 6950:Guelzo, p. 52. 6943: 6941:Guelzo, p. 51. 6934: 6922: 6909: 6907:, p. 499. 6893: 6891:, p. 499. 6876: 6861: 6849: 6837: 6825: 6813: 6801: 6784: 6772: 6760: 6743: 6731: 6719: 6702: 6690: 6678: 6663: 6651: 6639: 6637:, p. 112. 6623: 6621:, p. 112. 6600: 6581: 6569: 6567:, p. 111. 6557: 6538: 6526: 6511: 6484: 6463: 6448: 6436: 6434:, p. 477. 6421: 6419:, p. 475. 6409: 6407:, p. 156. 6390: 6384:Don H. Doyle, 6377: 6366: 6353: 6351:, p. 171. 6341: 6335:Allan Nevins, 6325: 6310: 6308:, p. 170. 6281: 6279:, p. 169. 6269: 6262: 6242: 6240:, p. 396. 6230: 6228:, p. 115. 6209: 6197: 6185: 6166: 6154: 6147: 6112: 6110:, p. 173. 6097: 6082: 6080:, p. 494. 6063: 6030: 6028:, p. 172. 6001: 5969: 5963:978-0816505234 5962: 5936: 5923: 5899:"Alexis Godey" 5890: 5877: 5856: 5831: 5812: 5803: 5794: 5792:, p. xix. 5782: 5776:978-1400065608 5775: 5757: 5745: 5732: 5713: 5704: 5675: 5661: 5648: 5639: 5626: 5617: 5608: 5596: 5570: 5542: 5530: 5518: 5506: 5494: 5482: 5473: 5465:US-Mexican War 5446: 5431: 5419: 5417:, p. 270. 5407: 5390: 5378: 5362: 5346: 5344:, p. 126. 5331: 5319: 5313:, p. 21; 5299: 5297:, p. 109. 5289:, p. 21; 5275: 5273:, p. 107. 5255: 5243: 5231: 5219: 5213:, p. 21; 5199: 5182: 5176:, p. 45; 5166: 5154: 5145: 5133: 5121: 5109: 5100: 5091: 5079: 5067: 5055: 5043: 5031: 5019: 5013:, p. 21; 5003: 4984: 4964: 4949: 4943:, p. 21; 4930: 4911: 4891: 4879: 4866: 4844: 4809: 4740: 4717: 4702: 4681: 4672: 4663: 4654: 4645: 4612: 4565: 4559:, p. 44; 4549: 4543:, p. 44; 4533: 4506: 4494: 4485: 4478: 4454: 4447: 4408: 4399: 4372: 4359: 4350: 4337: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4299: 4286: 4282:Jessie Frémont 4273: 4252: 4243: 4228:Charles Preuss 4219: 4193: 4176: 4162: 4157:Saint-Domingue 4133:Saint-Domingue 4119: 4118: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4104: 4101: 4100: 4099: 4092: 4090: 4083: 4081: 4074: 4072: 4065: 4063: 4056: 4054: 4047: 4045: 4038: 4036: 4029: 4027: 4020: 4018: 4011: 4009: 4002: 4000: 3993: 3988: 3987: 3949: 3947: 3940: 3934: 3931: 3930: 3929: 3910: 3899: 3880: 3873: 3862: 3855: 3844:Fremont Cannon 3840: 3829: 3810: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3675: 3673:The Pathfinder 3666: 3661: 3655: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3633: 3630:Melrose Avenue 3624: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3613: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3590: 3580: 3570: 3563:Fremont Street 3560: 3555: 3549: 3542: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3529: 3527:Colorado River 3520: 3514: 3507: 3504:Fremont Island 3501: 3499:Arkansas River 3488: 3479: 3462: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3446: 3440: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3427: 3423:(village) and 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3305: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3253: 3251: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3222: 3212: 3202: 3192: 3182: 3172: 3162: 3152: 3142: 3132: 3122: 3112: 3102: 3092: 3086: 3076: 3066: 3056: 3046: 3036: 3026: 3016: 3005: 2996: 2995: 2953: 2951: 2944: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2909:St. Petersburg 2890: 2887: 2871: 2868: 2851:Rebecca Solnit 2798:The Pathfinder 2790:The Pathfinder 2781: 2778: 2700: 2697: 2680: 2675: 2635: 2632: 2618: 2615: 2599:Irvin McDowell 2568: 2565: 2547: 2544: 2484:Main article: 2481: 2478: 2445: 2442: 2397: 2394: 2370:Nathaniel Lyon 2362:Nathaniel Lyon 2353: 2350: 2333:Lorenzo Thomas 2320:political feud 2307: 2304: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2270:Nathaniel Lyon 2248:Winfield Scott 2203: 2200: 2180:James Buchanan 2156:, New Jersey, 2152:swing states, 2124: 2123: 2114: 2113: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2081:James Buchanan 2077:The Pathfinder 2018: 2017: 2008: 2007: 1999: 1998: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1975: 1972: 1929:Cochetopa Pass 1913:Santa Fe Trail 1892: 1889: 1885:John B. Weller 1853: 1850: 1805:Trenor W. Park 1774:Miwok Indians' 1723: 1718: 1710:Patron's Medal 1647:and moved on. 1608: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1546:following the 1527: 1524: 1478:President Polk 1308: 1305: 1247:, and Mexican 1231: 1228: 1216:Arkansas River 1191: 1188: 1163:Tehachapi Pass 1132:American River 1120:Minden, Nevada 1105:in March 1844. 1094:for supplies. 1092:Fort Vancouver 1076:Columbia River 1064:Marcus Whitman 1040:Treaty of 1818 1036:Oregon Country 1023: 1020: 1011:Frémont's Peak 980:, examine the 951: 948: 936:The Pathfinder 932:Jedediah Smith 904:Missouri River 874: 871: 854: 851: 839:Oregon Country 792: 789: 777:J.B. Faribault 726:Andrew Jackson 689:domestic slave 659: 656: 549:James Buchanan 524: 523: 520: 519: 517: 516: 510: 504: 498: 492: 487: 481: 479: 475: 474: 465: 461: 460: 450: 446: 445: 438: 434: 433: 424: 423:Branch/service 420: 419: 406: 402: 401: 397: 396: 389: 385: 384: 379: 375: 374: 368: 364: 363: 360: 356: 355: 350: 346: 345: 335: 329: 328: 317: 313: 312: 306:(aged 77) 300: 296: 295: 278: 276: 272: 271: 267: 266: 263: 262: 257: 251: 250: 245: 239: 238: 228: 227: 221: 220: 213: 207: 206: 203: 197: 196: 186: 185: 174: 173: 171:John B. Weller 168: 162: 161: 158:Shadow Senator 154: 148: 147: 137: 136: 125: 124: 119: 113: 112: 107: 101: 100: 95: 89: 88: 78: 77: 70: 69: 66: 65: 62: 54: 53: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20356: 20345: 20342: 20340: 20337: 20335: 20332: 20330: 20327: 20325: 20322: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20300: 20297: 20295: 20292: 20290: 20287: 20285: 20282: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20270: 20267: 20265: 20262: 20260: 20257: 20255: 20252: 20250: 20247: 20245: 20242: 20240: 20237: 20235: 20232: 20230: 20227: 20225: 20222: 20220: 20217: 20215: 20212: 20210: 20207: 20205: 20202: 20200: 20197: 20195: 20192: 20190: 20187: 20185: 20182: 20180: 20177: 20175: 20172: 20170: 20167: 20165: 20162: 20160: 20157: 20155: 20152: 20150: 20147: 20145: 20142: 20140: 20137: 20135: 20132: 20130: 20127: 20125: 20122: 20120: 20117: 20116: 20114: 20104: 20094: 20092: 20082: 20080: 20070: 20068: 20058: 20057: 20054: 20041: 20037: 20033: 20031: 20023: 20022: 20019: 20005: 20002: 20001: 19999: 19995: 19989: 19986: 19984: 19981: 19979: 19976: 19974: 19971: 19969: 19966: 19964: 19961: 19959: 19958:Photographers 19956: 19954: 19951: 19949: 19946: 19944: 19941: 19939: 19936: 19934: 19933:Gender issues 19931: 19929: 19926: 19922: 19919: 19918: 19917: 19914: 19910: 19907: 19906: 19905: 19902: 19900: 19897: 19895: 19892: 19890: 19887: 19886: 19884: 19880: 19872: 19869: 19867: 19864: 19862: 19859: 19857: 19854: 19853: 19852: 19849: 19847: 19844: 19842: 19839: 19837: 19834: 19832: 19829: 19828: 19826: 19822: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19795: 19791: 19789: 19786: 19784: 19781: 19779: 19776: 19775: 19773: 19771: 19767: 19761: 19760:War Democrats 19758: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19750:Union Leagues 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19711: 19708: 19706: 19703: 19701: 19698: 19696: 19693: 19691: 19688: 19686: 19683: 19682: 19680: 19676: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19662: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19650: 19649:Turning point 19647: 19645: 19642: 19640: 19637: 19635: 19632: 19630: 19627: 19625: 19622: 19620: 19619:Naval battles 19617: 19615: 19612: 19610: 19607: 19605: 19602: 19600: 19597: 19595: 19592: 19590: 19587: 19585: 19582: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19572: 19571: 19569: 19565: 19561: 19553: 19552: 19548: 19544: 19530: 19527: 19525: 19522: 19520: 19517: 19515: 19512: 19510: 19507: 19505: 19504: 19500: 19498: 19495: 19493: 19490: 19488: 19485: 19484: 19482: 19478: 19472: 19469: 19467: 19464: 19463: 19461: 19457: 19447: 19444: 19440: 19437: 19435: 19432: 19430: 19427: 19426: 19425: 19422: 19421: 19419: 19415: 19407: 19404: 19402: 19399: 19398: 19397: 19394: 19393: 19391: 19387: 19384: 19382:and memorials 19378: 19372: 19369: 19367: 19364: 19362: 19359: 19357: 19354: 19352: 19349: 19347: 19344: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19315: 19312: 19310: 19307: 19306: 19305: 19302: 19300: 19297: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19248: 19245: 19244: 19243: 19242:Commemoration 19240: 19239: 19237: 19231: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19213: 19210: 19209: 19208: 19205: 19203: 19200: 19198: 19195: 19191: 19188: 19187: 19186: 19183: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19173: 19169: 19166: 19164: 19161: 19159: 19156: 19154: 19151: 19150: 19149: 19146: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19118: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19095: 19092: 19090: 19087: 19085: 19084:first inquiry 19082: 19080: 19077: 19075: 19072: 19070: 19067: 19066: 19065: 19062: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19048: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19025: 19022: 19021: 19020: 19017: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19004:Carpetbaggers 19002: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18991: 18989: 18987: 18983: 18975: 18972: 18970: 18967: 18965: 18962: 18961: 18960: 18957: 18956: 18954: 18952: 18948: 18944: 18937: 18933: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18892: 18890: 18887: 18885: 18882: 18880: 18877: 18875: 18872: 18870: 18867: 18865: 18862: 18861: 18859: 18855: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18831: 18829: 18826: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18799: 18796: 18794: 18791: 18789: 18786: 18784: 18781: 18779: 18776: 18774: 18771: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18761: 18759: 18756: 18754: 18751: 18749: 18746: 18744: 18741: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18730: 18728: 18724: 18721: 18717: 18707: 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18687: 18684: 18682: 18679: 18677: 18674: 18672: 18669: 18667: 18664: 18663: 18661: 18657: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18631: 18628: 18626: 18623: 18621: 18618: 18616: 18613: 18611: 18608: 18606: 18603: 18601: 18598: 18596: 18593: 18591: 18588: 18586: 18583: 18581: 18578: 18576: 18573: 18571: 18568: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18556: 18553: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18543: 18541: 18538: 18536: 18533: 18531: 18528: 18527: 18525: 18521: 18518: 18514: 18510: 18506: 18501: 18497: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18459: 18456: 18454: 18451: 18449: 18446: 18445: 18443: 18439: 18433: 18430: 18428: 18427:West Virginia 18425: 18423: 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18380: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18355: 18353: 18350: 18348: 18347:New Hampshire 18345: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18333: 18330: 18328: 18325: 18323: 18320: 18318: 18315: 18313: 18310: 18308: 18307:Massachusetts 18305: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18194: 18192: 18186: 18183: 18179: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18047:Hampton Roads 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18037:Fort Donelson 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18019: 18017: 18015: 18010: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17994: 17991: 17989: 17986: 17984: 17981: 17979: 17976: 17974: 17971: 17969: 17966: 17964: 17961: 17959: 17956: 17954: 17951: 17949: 17946: 17944: 17941: 17939: 17936: 17934: 17933:Morgan's Raid 17931: 17929: 17926: 17924: 17921: 17919: 17916: 17914: 17911: 17909: 17906: 17904: 17901: 17899: 17896: 17894: 17891: 17889: 17886: 17884: 17881: 17879: 17878:Anaconda Plan 17876: 17875: 17873: 17871: 17866: 17860: 17857: 17855: 17854:Pacific Coast 17852: 17850: 17847: 17845: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17835: 17832: 17831: 17829: 17825: 17815: 17812: 17810: 17807: 17805: 17802: 17801: 17799: 17797: 17793: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17768: 17766: 17764: 17760: 17757: 17753: 17749: 17741: 17738: 17735: 17732: 17729: 17728: 17724: 17720: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17694: 17691: 17690: 17689: 17686: 17684: 17681: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17644: 17641: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17625: 17623: 17621: 17617: 17611: 17610: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17588:Positive good 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17563: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17547: 17544: 17543: 17541: 17539: 17535: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17503:Panic of 1857 17501: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17463:Border states 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17450: 17448: 17443: 17440: 17439: 17436: 17432: 17425: 17421: 17417: 17410: 17405: 17403: 17398: 17396: 17391: 17390: 17387: 17375: 17367: 17366: 17363: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17340: 17338: 17336: 17332: 17326: 17323: 17321: 17318: 17316: 17315:Port Townsend 17313: 17311: 17308: 17307: 17305: 17303: 17299: 17293: 17290: 17289: 17287: 17285: 17281: 17275: 17272: 17270: 17267: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17245: 17242: 17241: 17239: 17237: 17233: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17217: 17214: 17212: 17209: 17207: 17204: 17202: 17199: 17197: 17194: 17192: 17189: 17188: 17186: 17184: 17180: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17166: 17164: 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17144: 17143:Oklahoma City 17141: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17125: 17123: 17121: 17116: 17112: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17081: 17078: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17048: 17047: 17045: 17043: 17039: 17033: 17030: 17028: 17027:Virginia City 17025: 17023: 17020: 17019: 17017: 17015: 17011: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16984:Nebraska City 16982: 16980: 16979:Fort Robinson 16977: 16975: 16974:Fort Atkinson 16972: 16970: 16967: 16966: 16964: 16962: 16958: 16952: 16951:Virginia City 16949: 16947: 16944: 16942: 16939: 16937: 16934: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16922: 16919: 16917: 16914: 16912: 16909: 16908: 16906: 16904: 16900: 16894: 16893: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16876: 16874: 16872: 16868: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16847: 16844: 16842: 16839: 16837: 16834: 16833: 16831: 16829: 16825: 16819: 16818:Fort Dearborn 16816: 16815: 16813: 16811: 16807: 16801: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16792: 16790: 16788: 16784: 16778: 16775: 16773: 16770: 16768: 16767:St. Augustine 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16744: 16742: 16740: 16736: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16724:Standing Rock 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16691: 16689: 16687: 16683: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16669: 16667: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16658: 16656: 16654: 16650: 16644: 16643:San Francisco 16641: 16639: 16636: 16634: 16631: 16629: 16626: 16624: 16621: 16619: 16616: 16614: 16611: 16610: 16608: 16606: 16602: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16581: 16578: 16576: 16573: 16571: 16568: 16566: 16563: 16561: 16560:Canyon Diablo 16558: 16557: 16555: 16553: 16549: 16543: 16540: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16519: 16517: 16515: 16511: 16508: 16504: 16500: 16492: 16491:Snap fastener 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16474: 16473: 16472: 16469: 16465: 16464:Texas country 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16450: 16447: 16446: 16445: 16444:Western music 16442: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16434:Western genre 16432: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16379: 16378: 16375: 16374: 16372: 16368: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16352: 16349: 16347: 16344: 16342: 16339: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16314: 16313: 16311: 16307: 16301: 16298: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16267: 16265: 16263: 16258: 16254: 16248: 16245: 16243: 16240: 16238: 16237:Seminole Wars 16235: 16233: 16230: 16228: 16225: 16223: 16220: 16218: 16215: 16213: 16210: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16179: 16177: 16173: 16167: 16164: 16162: 16159: 16157: 16154: 16152: 16149: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16138: 16136: 16134: 16130: 16124: 16121: 16119: 16116: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16100: 16098: 16096: 16092: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16076: 16073: 16071: 16068: 16066: 16063: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16041: 16038: 16036: 16033: 16032: 16030: 16028: 16024: 16018: 16015: 16013: 16010: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16000: 15998: 15995: 15993: 15990: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15975: 15973: 15970: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15948: 15947:Bozeman Trail 15945: 15943: 15940: 15939: 15937: 15931: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15913: 15910: 15909: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15897:Train robbery 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15838: 15835: 15833: 15830: 15828: 15827:Cowboy poetry 15825: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15810: 15808: 15805: 15804: 15802: 15800: 15796: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15758: 15756: 15753: 15751: 15748: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15738: 15736: 15733: 15731: 15728: 15726: 15723: 15721: 15718: 15716: 15713: 15711: 15710:George Flavel 15708: 15706: 15703: 15701: 15698: 15696: 15693: 15692: 15690: 15686: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15654:Calamity Jane 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15601: 15599: 15593: 15586: 15582: 15578: 15574: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15539:Frank McLaury 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15499: 15495: 15491: 15487: 15483: 15480: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15472:Billy Clanton 15470: 15468: 15467:Butch Cassidy 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15452:Billy the Kid 15450: 15449: 15447: 15443: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15402: 15399: 15397: 15396:Bat Masterson 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15376:Henry Garfias 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15343: 15341: 15337: 15331: 15330:Brigham Young 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15310:Ora Rush Weed 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15300:Jack Swilling 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15245:Davy Crockett 15243: 15241: 15240:William Clark 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15217: 15215: 15213: 15206: 15200: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15174:Standing Bear 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15139:Quanah Parker 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15051: 15049: 15047: 15043: 15040: 15036: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14780: 14777: 14775: 14772: 14771: 14769: 14767: 14763: 14756: 14752: 14745: 14740: 14738: 14733: 14731: 14726: 14725: 14722: 14710: 14707: 14705: 14701: 14698: 14697: 14694: 14684: 14681: 14680: 14678: 14674: 14668: 14667: 14662: 14660: 14659: 14654: 14653: 14651: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14641: 14636: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14607: 14605: 14601: 14595: 14594: 14589: 14587: 14586: 14581: 14580: 14578: 14574: 14571: 14568: 14563: 14562: 14557: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14526: 14520: 14519: 14514: 14512: 14511: 14506: 14505: 14503: 14499: 14496: 14493: 14488: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14473: 14469: 14461: 14456: 14454: 14449: 14447: 14442: 14441: 14438: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14416: 14413: 14411: 14408: 14406: 14403: 14401: 14398: 14396: 14393: 14391: 14388: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14287: 14285: 14283: 14276: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14177: 14175: 14173: 14166: 14162: 14155: 14150: 14148: 14143: 14141: 14136: 14135: 14132: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14089: 14085: 14075: 14074:The Wish List 14072: 14070: 14069:Ripon Society 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14036: 14034: 14028: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13975: 13972: 13971: 13970: 13967: 13966: 13964: 13958: 13952: 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13928: 13926: 13920: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13893: 13892: 13889: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13880: 13877: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13867: 13863: 13862: 13861: 13858: 13857: 13855: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13845:organizations 13840: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13801: 13799: 13795: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13778:West Virginia 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13714: 13711: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13683:New Hampshire 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13643:Massachusetts 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13540: 13538: 13534: 13531: 13524: 13520: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13466: 13464: 13460: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13216: 13213: 13211: 13208: 13206: 13203: 13201: 13198: 13196: 13193: 13191: 13188: 13186: 13183: 13181: 13178: 13176: 13173: 13171: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13146: 13143: 13141: 13138: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13128: 13126: 13123: 13121: 13118: 13116: 13113: 13111: 13108: 13106: 13103: 13101: 13098: 13097: 13095: 13091: 13088: 13086: 13082: 13075: 13072: 13069: 13066: 13063: 13060: 13057: 13054: 13051: 13048: 13045: 13042: 13039: 13036: 13033: 13030: 13027: 13024: 13021: 13018: 13015: 13012: 13009: 13006: 13003: 13000: 12997: 12994: 12991: 12988: 12985: 12982: 12979: 12976: 12973: 12970: 12967: 12964: 12961: 12958: 12955: 12952: 12949: 12946: 12943: 12940: 12937: 12934: 12931: 12928: 12925: 12922: 12919: 12916: 12913: 12910: 12907: 12904: 12901: 12898: 12897: 12895: 12893: 12884: 12879: 12873: 12866: 12863: 12860: 12857: 12854: 12851: 12848: 12845: 12842: 12839: 12836: 12833: 12830: 12827: 12824: 12821: 12818: 12815: 12812: 12809: 12806: 12803: 12800: 12797: 12794: 12791: 12788: 12785: 12782: 12779: 12776: 12773: 12770: 12767: 12764: 12761: 12758: 12755: 12752: 12749: 12746: 12743: 12740: 12737: 12734: 12731: 12728: 12725: 12722: 12719: 12716: 12713: 12710: 12707: 12704: 12701: 12698: 12695: 12694: 12692: 12690: 12682: 12676: 12669: 12666: 12663: 12660: 12657: 12656:G. H. W. Bush 12654: 12651: 12648: 12645: 12642: 12639: 12636: 12633: 12630: 12627: 12624: 12621: 12618: 12615: 12612: 12609: 12606: 12603: 12600: 12597: 12594: 12591: 12588: 12585: 12582: 12579: 12576: 12573: 12570: 12567: 12564: 12561: 12558: 12555: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12533: 12532: 12528: 12524: 12521: 12520: 12519: 12515: 12511: 12508: 12504: 12501: 12500: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12488: 12484: 12481: 12480: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12468: 12464: 12461: 12460: 12459: 12455: 12451: 12448: 12444: 12441: 12440: 12439: 12435: 12431: 12428: 12424: 12421: 12420: 12419: 12415: 12411: 12408: 12404: 12401: 12400: 12399: 12395: 12391: 12388: 12384: 12381: 12380: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12368: 12364: 12361: 12360: 12359: 12355: 12354:G. H. W. Bush 12351: 12348: 12344: 12341: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12334:G. H. W. Bush 12331: 12328: 12324: 12321: 12320: 12319: 12318:G. H. W. Bush 12315: 12311: 12310:1984 (Dallas) 12308: 12304: 12301: 12300: 12299: 12298:G. H. W. Bush 12295: 12291: 12288: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12279: 12275: 12271: 12268: 12264: 12261: 12260: 12259: 12255: 12251: 12248: 12244: 12241: 12240: 12239: 12235: 12231: 12228: 12224: 12221: 12220: 12219: 12215: 12211: 12208: 12204: 12201: 12200: 12199: 12195: 12191: 12188: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12179: 12175: 12171: 12168: 12164: 12161: 12160: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12148: 12144: 12141: 12140: 12139: 12135: 12131: 12128: 12124: 12121: 12120: 12119: 12115: 12111: 12108: 12104: 12101: 12100: 12099: 12095: 12091: 12088: 12084: 12081: 12080: 12079: 12075: 12071: 12068: 12064: 12061: 12060: 12059: 12055: 12051: 12048: 12044: 12041: 12040: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12028: 12024: 12021: 12020: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12008: 12004: 12001: 12000: 11999: 11995: 11991: 11988: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11979: 11975: 11971: 11968: 11964: 11961: 11960: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11925: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11899: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11886: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11873: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11860: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11847: 11843: 11840: 11838: 11834: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11821: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11795: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11782: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11757: 11748: 11741: 11735: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11703: 11702: 11699: 11698: 11695: 11691: 11682: 11677: 11675: 11670: 11668: 11663: 11662: 11659: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11602: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11579: 11577: 11574: 11572: 11569: 11567: 11564: 11562: 11559: 11558: 11556: 11552: 11547: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11391: 11389: 11385: 11381: 11374: 11369: 11367: 11362: 11360: 11355: 11354: 11351: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11320: 11317: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11221: 11218: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11201: 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11112: 11110: 11108: 11100: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11078: 11077: 11073: 11070: 11067: 11064: 11063: 11059: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11045: 11037: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11020: 11019: 11015: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10971:Gen. Victoria 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10954: 10946: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10875:Capt. Portolá 10873: 10872: 10870: 10868: 10860: 10856: 10849: 10844: 10842: 10837: 10835: 10830: 10829: 10826: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10779: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10762:Simon Cameron 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10739: 10737: 10733: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10702: 10691: 10687: 10683: 10680: 10679: 10677: 10675: 10671: 10664: 10660: 10656: 10653: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10639: 10638: 10636: 10634: 10630: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10612: 10609: 10605: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10595: 10593: 10589: 10582: 10578: 10577:Thomas Morris 10574: 10571: 10568: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10556: 10554: 10552: 10551:Liberty Party 10548: 10545: 10541: 10532: 10527: 10525: 10520: 10518: 10513: 10512: 10509: 10497: 10489: 10487: 10479: 10477: 10469: 10468: 10465: 10453: 10449: 10446: 10443: 10439: 10436: 10433: 10429: 10426: 10423: 10419: 10416: 10413: 10409: 10406: 10403: 10399: 10396: 10393: 10389: 10386: 10383: 10379: 10376: 10373: 10369: 10366: 10363: 10359: 10356: 10353: 10349: 10346: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10333: 10329: 10326: 10323: 10319: 10316: 10313: 10309: 10306: 10303: 10299: 10298:Richard Nixon 10296: 10293: 10289: 10285: 10282: 10279: 10275: 10271: 10268: 10265: 10261: 10258: 10255: 10251: 10248: 10245: 10241: 10238: 10235: 10231: 10228: 10225: 10221: 10220:John W. Davis 10218: 10215: 10211: 10208: 10205: 10201: 10198: 10195: 10191: 10188: 10185: 10181: 10178: 10175: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10160: 10157: 10153: 10150: 10147: 10143: 10140: 10137: 10133: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10120: 10117: 10113: 10110: 10107: 10103: 10100: 10097: 10093: 10090: 10087: 10083: 10080: 10077: 10073: 10070: 10067: 10063: 10060: 10057: 10053: 10050: 10047: 10043: 10040: 10037: 10033: 10030: 10027: 10023: 10020: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10007: 10003: 10000: 9997: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9982: 9979: 9975: 9972: 9969: 9965: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9949: 9945: 9942: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9928: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9915: 9911: 9908: 9907: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9888: 9883: 9881: 9876: 9874: 9869: 9868: 9865: 9856: 9849: 9845: 9844: 9840: 9837: 9831: 9827: 9822: 9818: 9811: 9810: 9802: 9801: 9794: 9793: 9792: 9780: 9776: 9775: 9774: 9761: 9760: 9752: 9751: 9745: 9741: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9721: 9720: 9713: 9707: 9703: 9694: 9693: 9686: 9680: 9675: 9668: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9654: 9650: 9649: 9644: 9639:Obituary in: 9638: 9634: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9619: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9604: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9592: 9589: 9585: 9583: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9538: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9527: 9522: 9520: 9518: 9514: 9512: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9499: 9496: 9493: 9488: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9469: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9452: 9449: 9448: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9427: 9424: 9421: 9417: 9414: 9410: 9407: 9404: 9400: 9397: 9394: 9390: 9387: 9386: 9378: 9374: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9356: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9342: 9339: 9335: 9333: 9329: 9325: 9321: 9319: 9318:0-684-83482-0 9315: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9300: 9295: 9294:Nevins, Allan 9292: 9289: 9285: 9282: 9278: 9275: 9271: 9268: 9265: 9261: 9258: 9257:0-7679-0826-0 9254: 9253:0-375-50151-7 9250: 9246: 9242: 9238: 9235: 9231: 9228: 9224: 9221: 9217: 9215: 9211: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9190: 9187:Eyre, Alice. 9186: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9170: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9154:0-8371-5873-7 9151: 9147: 9143: 9140: 9137: 9133: 9130: 9126: 9125: 9105: 9101: 9095: 9091: 9090: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9071: 9067: 9066: 9060: 9056: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9037: 9036:Santa Barbara 9033: 9028: 9016: 9012: 9007: 9003: 9001:0-684-84927-5 8997: 8992: 8991: 8985: 8981: 8977: 8973: 8972: 8966: 8962: 8958: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8944: 8942:0-8032-9237-6 8938: 8934: 8929: 8925: 8921: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8900: 8896: 8890: 8886: 8881: 8877: 8871: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8849:0-440-05923-2 8845: 8841: 8837: 8833: 8829: 8825: 8824: 8818: 8814: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8802: 8797: 8796:Nevins, Allan 8793: 8781: 8778:. ThoughtCo. 8777: 8772: 8760: 8756: 8754:0-393-01372-3 8750: 8746: 8745: 8740: 8736: 8732: 8727: 8723: 8718: 8714: 8708: 8704: 8699: 8687: 8683: 8682: 8676: 8672: 8667: 8663: 8661:9780665141270 8657: 8653: 8652: 8646: 8644: 8640: 8637: 8631: 8629:0-252-00249-0 8625: 8620: 8619: 8612: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8574: 8566: 8565: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8546: 8541: 8540:Catton, Bruce 8537: 8534: 8530: 8526: 8521: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8503: 8499: 8494: 8490: 8485: 8481: 8475: 8470: 8469: 8463: 8462:Brands, H. W. 8459: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8445: 8444: 8427:September 30, 8423: 8419: 8412: 8404: 8398: 8382: 8378: 8374: 8368: 8362: 8358: 8354: 8351: 8346: 8330: 8326: 8320: 8309:September 19, 8304: 8300: 8294: 8288: 8283: 8267: 8263: 8257: 8241: 8237: 8236: 8235:Las Vegas Sun 8231: 8224: 8217: 8213: 8207: 8196:September 13, 8191: 8187: 8183: 8176: 8160: 8156: 8155:"San Joaquin" 8150: 8134: 8127: 8126: 8118: 8102: 8096: 8080: 8076: 8070: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8040: 8039: 8031: 8015: 8011: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7992: 7984: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7966: 7959: 7943: 7939: 7933: 7922:September 24, 7917: 7913: 7907: 7905: 7888: 7884: 7878: 7862: 7858: 7857: 7849: 7841: 7837: 7836: 7828: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7755: 7739: 7735: 7729: 7721: 7717: 7716: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7679: 7675: 7670: 7663: 7647: 7643: 7638: 7631: 7624: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7598: 7594: 7589: 7582: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7551: 7545:, p. 87. 7544: 7539: 7533:, p. 86. 7532: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7515: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7498: 7493: 7491: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7459: 7443: 7439: 7438: 7431: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7401: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7383: 7378: 7376: 7359: 7355: 7354: 7346: 7331: 7329:0-8032-9796-3 7325: 7321: 7320: 7312: 7303: 7287: 7283: 7277: 7261: 7257: 7253: 7246: 7238: 7232: 7228: 7221: 7215:, p. 23. 7214: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7171: 7163: 7157: 7153: 7152: 7144: 7137: 7130: 7123: 7117: 7101: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7081: 7078: 7073: 7066: 7061: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7047: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7026: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7009: 7004: 6997: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6980: 6975: 6968: 6963: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6947: 6938: 6931: 6926: 6919: 6913: 6906: 6902: 6897: 6890: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6873: 6868: 6866: 6858: 6853: 6846: 6841: 6834: 6829: 6822: 6817: 6811:, pp. 117–18. 6810: 6805: 6798: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6782:, pp. 116–17. 6781: 6776: 6770:, pp. 28, 29. 6769: 6764: 6757: 6752: 6750: 6748: 6740: 6735: 6728: 6723: 6716: 6711: 6709: 6707: 6699: 6694: 6687: 6682: 6675: 6670: 6668: 6660: 6655: 6648: 6643: 6636: 6632: 6627: 6620: 6615: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6597: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6578: 6573: 6566: 6561: 6554: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6535: 6530: 6524:, p. 22. 6523: 6518: 6516: 6508: 6504: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6481: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6460: 6455: 6453: 6445: 6440: 6433: 6428: 6426: 6418: 6413: 6406: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6387: 6381: 6375: 6370: 6363: 6357: 6350: 6349:Richards 2007 6345: 6338: 6332: 6330: 6322: 6321:Richards 2007 6317: 6315: 6307: 6306:Richards 2007 6302: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6278: 6277:Richards 2007 6273: 6265: 6263:9780252000867 6259: 6255: 6254: 6246: 6239: 6234: 6227: 6226:Richards 2007 6222: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6206: 6205:Richards 2007 6201: 6194: 6193:Richards 2007 6189: 6183:, p. 93. 6182: 6181:Richards 2007 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6164:, p. 91. 6163: 6162:Richards 2007 6158: 6150: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6109: 6108:Richards 2007 6104: 6102: 6094: 6093:Richards 2007 6089: 6087: 6079: 6078: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6060: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6035: 6027: 6026:Richards 2007 6022: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6008: 6006: 5986: 5979: 5973: 5965: 5959: 5955: 5950: 5949: 5940: 5933: 5932:A Newer World 5927: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5894: 5887: 5881: 5874: 5870: 5869:A Newer World 5866: 5860: 5845: 5841: 5835: 5828: 5824: 5821: 5816: 5807: 5798: 5791: 5786: 5778: 5772: 5768: 5761: 5754: 5749: 5742: 5736: 5729: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5708: 5701: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5671: 5665: 5658: 5652: 5643: 5636: 5630: 5621: 5612: 5606:, p. 38. 5605: 5600: 5584: 5580: 5574: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5546: 5539: 5534: 5527: 5522: 5515: 5510: 5503: 5498: 5491: 5486: 5480:Harlow p. 124 5477: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5450: 5443: 5438: 5436: 5428: 5423: 5416: 5411: 5404: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5387: 5382: 5375: 5371: 5366: 5359: 5358:Bancroft 1886 5355: 5350: 5343: 5338: 5336: 5328: 5323: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5303: 5296: 5295:Bancroft 1886 5292: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5272: 5271:Bancroft 1886 5268: 5264: 5259: 5252: 5247: 5240: 5235: 5228: 5223: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5203: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5179: 5175: 5174:Richards 2007 5170: 5163: 5158: 5149: 5140: 5138: 5130: 5125: 5118: 5113: 5104: 5095: 5088: 5083: 5076: 5071: 5064: 5059: 5052: 5047: 5040: 5035: 5029:, p. 35. 5028: 5023: 5017:, p. 92. 5016: 5012: 5007: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4977: 4976: 4968: 4961: 4956: 4954: 4947:, p. 84. 4946: 4942: 4937: 4935: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4895: 4888: 4883: 4876: 4870: 4863: 4859: 4854: 4848: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4822: 4813: 4807:, p. 21. 4806: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4736: 4732: 4731:Hampton Sides 4726: 4724: 4722: 4714: 4713:Richards 2007 4709: 4707: 4699: 4698:McNamara 2016 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4676: 4667: 4658: 4649: 4641: 4640: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4624:Wilson, J. G. 4619: 4617: 4610:, p. 20. 4609: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4563:, p. 20. 4562: 4558: 4557:Richards 2007 4553: 4547:, p. 19. 4546: 4542: 4541:Richards 2007 4537: 4531:, p. 44. 4530: 4529:Richards 2007 4525: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4504:, p. 43. 4503: 4502:Richards 2007 4498: 4489: 4481: 4479:0-385-50738-0 4475: 4471: 4467: 4466: 4458: 4450: 4448:0-585-35954-7 4444: 4440: 4435: 4434: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4403: 4397:, p. 19. 4396: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4369: 4363: 4354: 4347: 4341: 4334: 4328: 4324: 4303: 4296: 4290: 4283: 4277: 4270: 4266: 4265:James K. Polk 4262: 4256: 4247: 4240: 4239: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4186: 4185:Hampton Sides 4180: 4172: 4171:John H. Eaton 4166: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4096: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4015: 4010: 4006: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3981: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3950:This section 3948: 3939: 3938: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3912:In 2013, the 3911: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3824: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3798:Sutter Buttes 3794: 3783: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3728: 3724: 3722: 3721:Mesa, Arizona 3718: 3716: 3715:Ashton, Idaho 3712: 3710: 3706: 3704: 3700: 3698: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660:, Los Angeles 3659: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3602: 3594:Organizations 3589: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3574:Staten Island 3571: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3411:Fremont, Utah 3409: 3407: 3406:Fremont, Ohio 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3367:Fremont, Iowa 3365: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3353: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3324:US counties: 3319: 3318:Redwood Grove 3315: 3310: 3301: 3292: 3289: 3281: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3254:This section 3252: 3243: 3242: 3231: 3229: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3144:monkeyflower 3143: 3141: 3139: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3103: 3101: 3099: 3093: 3091: 3088:moss gentian 3087: 3085: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3003: 2992: 2989: 2981: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2954:This section 2952: 2943: 2942: 2937:Plant eponyms 2931: 2928: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2884: 2883: 2876: 2867: 2865: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2849:According to 2847: 2843: 2840: 2835: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2820: 2818: 2817:Panic of 1873 2814: 2810: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2786: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2756: 2755:Staten Island 2751: 2748: 2745:by President 2744: 2739: 2737: 2736:Panic of 1873 2733: 2729: 2725: 2722:The state of 2716: 2710: 2705: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2678:Rancho Pocaho 2674: 2672: 2668: 2663: 2659: 2658:abolitionists 2655: 2651: 2645: 2641: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2564: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2536:Leonard Swett 2532: 2530: 2526: 2525:Border states 2520: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2504: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2450: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2430:Leonidas Polk 2425: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2406: 2402: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2363: 2358: 2349: 2347: 2341: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2253:carte blanche 2249: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2220:Las Mariposas 2217: 2208: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2172: 2170: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2098: 2088: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2047: 2043: 2042:John B. Floyd 2039: 2032: 2031:John L. Magee 2027: 2012: 2003: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1971: 1968: 1967:San Francisco 1963: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1826: 1825:Las Mariposas 1821: 1820:Las Mariposas 1816: 1814: 1813:Las Mariposas 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1793:Las Mariposas 1790: 1786: 1782: 1781:Las Mariposas 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1766:Las Mariposas 1763: 1759: 1755: 1754:Las Mariposas 1751: 1750:Thomas Larkin 1747: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1722: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1604: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1580: 1576: 1575:James K. Polk 1571: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1537: 1532: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1459:Santa Barbara 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1398:John D. Sloat 1390: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346:Sutter's Fort 1343: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1227: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1201:Joseph Walker 1197: 1196:James K. Polk 1187: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159:Spanish Trail 1156: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136:Sutter's Fort 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116:Sierra Nevada 1113: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080:Cascade Range 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 963: 956: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 908:Pacific Ocean 905: 901: 897: 896:William Clark 893: 889: 881: 878: 869: 864: 860: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 823:Jessie Benton 820: 812: 808: 801: 797: 788: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 745: 741: 737: 736: 731: 727: 723: 718: 716: 712: 708: 700: 696: 692: 690: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 655: 653: 647: 645: 641: 640:Panic of 1873 637: 633: 628: 624: 621:by President 620: 616: 611: 609: 605: 601: 600:James K. Polk 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 560: 558: 557:Know Nothings 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 521: 515: 511: 509: 505: 503: 499: 497: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 482: 480: 476: 473: 469: 466: 462: 459: 458:Major General 455: 451: 447: 439: 435: 432: 428: 425: 421: 418: 417:United States 407: 403: 398: 394: 390: 386: 383: 380: 376: 372: 369: 365: 361: 357: 354: 353:Jessie Benton 351: 347: 343: 339: 336: 330: 326: 322:(before 1854) 321: 318: 314: 310: 309:New York City 302:July 13, 1890 301: 297: 293: 277: 273: 268: 264: 261: 258: 252: 249: 246: 240: 234: 229: 226: 222: 218: 214: 208: 204: 198: 192: 187: 184: 179: 175: 172: 169: 163: 159: 155: 149: 143: 138: 135: 130: 126: 123: 120: 114: 111: 108: 102: 99: 96: 90: 84: 79: 76: 71: 67: 60: 55: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 19899:Bibliography 19882:Other topics 19824:By ethnicity 19792: 19745:Trent Affair 19644:Signal Corps 19501: 19224:White League 19111:Ku Klux Klan 19024:Confederados 18951:Constitution 18823:D. D. Porter 18767: 18676:Breckinridge 18387:Rhode Island 18382:Pennsylvania 18137:Spotsylvania 18097:Stones River 18077:2nd Bull Run 18027:1st Bull Run 17913:Stones River 17814:Marine Corps 17781:Marine Corps 17620:Abolitionism 17607: 17560: 17348:Fort Laramie 17343:Fort Bridger 17128:Broken Arrow 16879:Independence 16476:Cowboy boots 16471:Western wear 16351:Mountain men 16012:Tanner Trail 15997:Pony Express 15992:Oregon Trail 15987:Mormon Trail 15857:Homesteading 15822:Cattle drive 15785:Peter Lebeck 15770:Annie Oakley 15730:Doc Holliday 15659:Luther Kelly 15639:Alexis Godey 15629:George Crook 15564:Sundance Kid 15519:Johnny Ringo 15509:Bill Downing 15290:Levi Ruggles 15254: 15250:Donner Party 15225:John Bozeman 15220:Daniel Boone 15159:Sitting Bull 15134:Plenty Coups 15069:Chief Joseph 15064:Bloody Knife 15059:Black Kettle 14759:1776 to 1912 14699: 14663: 14655: 14638: 14590: 14584: 14582: 14559: 14515: 14507: 14484: 14476:1860 → 14468:← 1852 14281:(since 1912) 14199: 14169:Territorial 14104:Bibliography 13864: 13743:South Dakota 13733:Rhode Island 13728:Pennsylvania 13708:North Dakota 12542:Presidential 12529: 12450:2012 (Tampa) 11767: 11754:presidential 11738:Presidential 11395: 11333:By education 11106:(since 1850) 11076:Maj. Frémont 11075: 11074: 11071: 11060: 11057: 11016: 11013: 10949:Under Mexico 10885:Capt. Rivera 10767:Edward Bates 10742:Gerrit Smith 10640: 10614:John P. Hale 10563:Thomas Earle 10448:Donald Trump 10348:Jimmy Carter 10210:James M. Cox 10061: 9834: 9829: 9807: 9798: 9788: 9787: 9773:U.S. Senator 9770: 9769: 9757: 9748: 9743: 9717: 9690: 9660: 9646: 9630: 9615: 9600: 9550: 9536: 9535: 9524: 9516: 9484: 9454: 9436: 9425: 9419: 9412: 9409:John Bigelow 9402: 9392: 9368: 9349: 9337: 9323: 9309: 9302: 9297: 9287: 9280: 9273: 9263: 9245:Random House 9240: 9233: 9226: 9219: 9202: 9188: 9174: 9160: 9145: 9135: 9128: 9108:. Retrieved 9088: 9064: 9054: 9031: 9019:. Retrieved 8989: 8969: 8951: 8932: 8907: 8903: 8884: 8861: 8839: 8822: 8811: 8800: 8784:. Retrieved 8763:. Retrieved 8743: 8730: 8721: 8702: 8690:. Retrieved 8680: 8670: 8650: 8617: 8605:December 26, 8603:. Retrieved 8592: 8563: 8544: 8524: 8509: 8497: 8488: 8467: 8452: 8425:. 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Retrieved 5843: 5834: 5815: 5806: 5797: 5790:Frémont 1973 5785: 5766: 5760: 5753:Frémont 1973 5748: 5740: 5735: 5728:Frémont 1973 5707: 5700:Frémont 1973 5669: 5664: 5656: 5651: 5642: 5634: 5629: 5620: 5611: 5599: 5587:. Retrieved 5573: 5561:. Retrieved 5551: 5545: 5533: 5521: 5509: 5497: 5485: 5476: 5464: 5449: 5422: 5410: 5381: 5365: 5349: 5322: 5302: 5278: 5258: 5246: 5234: 5227:Frémont 1887 5222: 5202: 5169: 5162:Frémont 1973 5157: 5148: 5131:, p. 55 5124: 5112: 5103: 5094: 5082: 5070: 5058: 5053:, p. 14 5046: 5041:, p. 56 5034: 5022: 5006: 4996:November 12, 4994:. Retrieved 4974: 4967: 4960:Frémont 1973 4923:November 12, 4921:. Retrieved 4901: 4894: 4882: 4874: 4869: 4847: 4835:. Retrieved 4826: 4820: 4812: 4734: 4675: 4666: 4657: 4648: 4637: 4552: 4536: 4497: 4488: 4464: 4457: 4432: 4402: 4367: 4362: 4353: 4345: 4340: 4332: 4327: 4302: 4289: 4276: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4222: 4213:to consider 4202: 4196: 4179: 4165: 4149:Lyon, France 4123: 3976: 3970: 3951: 3925: 3888:Camp Fremont 3865: 3837:Liberty ship 3672: 3443:Fort Fremont 3323: 3299: 3284: 3275: 3262:spinning off 3255: 3225: 3215: 3205: 3195: 3194:indigo bush 3185: 3175: 3165: 3155: 3145: 3135: 3134:bush mallow 3125: 3115: 3105: 3095: 3089: 3079: 3078:silk tassel 3069: 3059: 3049: 3039: 3029: 3019: 3009: 2984: 2975: 2962:spinning off 2955: 2914: 2899: 2881: 2848: 2844: 2839:Allan Nevins 2836: 2829: 2824: 2821: 2806: 2797: 2794: 2789: 2775: 2759: 2752: 2740: 2721: 2692: 2682: 2677: 2661: 2647: 2620: 2611: 2592: 2559:and eastern 2549: 2533: 2522: 2518: 2513:Joshua Speed 2505: 2501: 2455: 2426: 2410: 2367: 2342: 2328:Blair family 2317: 2284: 2251: 2245: 2219: 2213: 2196: 2173: 2166: 2154:Pennsylvania 2150: 2143:abolitionism 2129:, feminism, 2096: 2093: 2076: 2061:John Bigelow 2057:Henry Wilson 2050: 2035: 1964: 1948:Owens Valley 1937: 1910: 1894: 1880: 1874: 1870: 1866:William Gwin 1855: 1830: 1824: 1819: 1817: 1812: 1792: 1788: 1780: 1778: 1765: 1753: 1743: 1737: 1720: 1707: 1699:Chaco Canyon 1691: 1680: 1672: 1649: 1630: 1610: 1601: 1588: 1572: 1552: 1541: 1485: 1471: 1442: 1427: 1420: 1414:and the two 1410: 1395: 1371: 1357: 1332: 1327:Peter Lassen 1324: 1291: 1279:Klamath Lake 1276: 1264: 1260:Fremont Peak 1248: 1233: 1213: 1205:Alexis Godey 1193: 1152: 1112:Pyramid Lake 1108: 1070:, along the 1043: 1028:Oregon Trail 1015: 1009: 998:Platte River 994:Kansas River 984:through the 982:Oregon Trail 967: 944:Oregon Trail 935: 926:, including 924:fur trappers 920:Zebulon Pike 910:. President 885: 880:unknown date 879: 877:George Healy 835:Oregon Trail 816: 769:Henry Sibley 734: 719: 704: 683: 661: 652:Allan Nevins 648: 612: 561: 528: 527: 478:Battles/wars 334:affiliations 304:(1890-07-13) 255:Succeeded by 232: 217:U.S. Senator 211:Succeeded by 190: 166:Succeeded by 141: 117:Succeeded by 93:Appointed by 82: 44: 20344:1890 deaths 20339:1813 births 19705:Copperheads 19417:Confederate 19309:Black Codes 18635:E. K. Smith 18516:Confederate 18463:New Orleans 18458:Chattanooga 18322:Mississippi 18222:Connecticut 18190:territories 18181:Involvement 18142:Cold Harbor 18132:Fort Pillow 18122:Chattanooga 18117:Chickamauga 18067:Seven Pines 18057:New Orleans 18022:Fort Sumter 17963:Valley 1864 17796:Confederacy 17593:Slave Power 17573:Fire-Eaters 17274:San Antonio 17211:Oregon City 17206:McMinnville 17133:Fort Gibson 17065:Fort Sumner 17055:Albuquerque 17022:Carson City 16926:Fort Benton 16884:Kansas City 16856:Leavenworth 16777:Tallahassee 16628:Los Angeles 16613:Bakersfield 16590:Window Rock 16397:New Mexican 16387:Californian 16336:Ghost towns 16227:Mexican War 16222:Indian Wars 16095:Gold rushes 16075:Paul Bunyan 15982:Meek Cutoff 15942:Barlow Road 15812:Barbed wire 15745:Seth Kinman 15559:Soapy Smith 15554:Belle Starr 15544:Tom McLaury 15534:Tom Ketchum 15529:Frank James 15524:Jesse James 15504:Bill Doolin 15477:Ike Clanton 15416:John Selman 15406:Bass Reeves 15381:Pat Garrett 15366:Virgil Earp 15361:Morgan Earp 15346:Elfego Baca 15285:Juan Rivera 15230:Jim Bridger 15109:Ganundalegi 15094:Crazy Snake 15089:Crazy Horse 14656:President: 14620:John McLean 14583:President: 14547:(incumbent) 14508:President: 13922:Fundraising 13843:Affiliated 13824:Puerto Rico 13658:Mississippi 13573:Connecticut 13295:Summerfield 13070:(2019–2023) 13064:(2015–2019) 13058:(2007–2015) 13052:(1999–2007) 13046:(1995–1999) 13040:(1981–1995) 13034:(1973–1981) 13028:(1965–1973) 13022:(1959–1965) 13016:(1939–1959) 13010:(1931–1939) 13004:(1925–1931) 12998:(1919–1925) 12992:(1911–1919) 12986:(1903–1911) 12980:(1899–1903) 12974:(1895–1899) 12968:(1891–1895) 12962:(1889–1891) 12956:(1883–1889) 12950:(1881–1883) 12944:(1879–1881) 12938:(1877–1879) 12932:(1875–1877) 12926:(1869–1875) 12914:(1863–1869) 12908:(1861–1863) 12902:(1860–1861) 12861:(2003–2007) 12855:(1996–2003) 12849:(1985–1996) 12843:(1980–1985) 12837:(1979–1980) 12831:(1977–1979) 12825:(1969–1977) 12819:(1959–1969) 12813:(1953–1959) 12801:(1952–1953) 12795:(1949–1952) 12789:(1944–1949) 12783:(1941–1944) 12777:(1940–1941) 12771:(1933–1940) 12765:(1929–1933) 12759:(1924–1929) 12753:(1918–1924) 12747:(1913–1918) 12741:(1911–1913) 12735:(1908–1911) 12729:(1897–1908) 12723:(1891–1897) 12717:(1885–1891) 12711:(1884–1885) 12705:(1862–1884) 12699:(1859–1862) 12679:U.S. Senate 12670:(2017–2021) 12664:(2001–2009) 12658:(1989–1993) 12652:(1981–1989) 12646:(1974–1977) 12640:(1969–1974) 12634:(1953–1961) 12628:(1929–1933) 12622:(1923–1929) 12616:(1921–1923) 12610:(1909–1913) 12604:(1901–1909) 12598:(1897–1901) 12592:(1889–1893) 12586:(1881–1885) 12574:(1877–1881) 12568:(1869–1877) 12562:(1865–1868) 12556:(1861–1865) 11747:conventions 11323:Before 1850 11069:Gen. Kearny 11062:Gen. Flores 11050:Cdre. Sloat 11042:(1846–1850) 11030:Don P. Pico 10976:Don P. Pico 10952:(1822–1846) 10910:Col. Bórica 10900:Capt. Roméu 10866:(1769–1822) 10863:Under Spain 10798:Barnburners 10428:Mitt Romney 10418:John McCain 10338:Gerald Ford 9737:U.S. Senate 9662:In War Time 9110:October 23, 8974:. Buffalo: 8765:October 23, 8440:Works cited 8272:November 6, 8246:January 23, 8165:January 23, 8139:January 23, 8107:January 23, 8085:January 23, 8059:January 23, 8020:January 22, 7948:January 21, 7893:January 21, 7867:January 22, 7809:. ePodunk. 7744:January 21, 7213:Nevins 1931 7065:Tucker 2013 7046:Tucker 2013 7025:Tucker 2013 6522:Nevins 1931 5871:(New York: 5604:Denton 2011 5538:Walker 1999 5526:Walker 1999 5514:Walker 1999 5502:Walker 1999 5490:Walker 1999 5442:Walker 1999 5427:Walker 1999 5415:Rogers 1950 5403:Solnit 2006 5386:Walker 1999 5374:Rogers 1950 5370:Walker 1999 5354:Walker 1999 5342:Walker 1999 5327:Walker 1999 5315:Walker 1999 5311:Nevins 1931 5307:Denton 2011 5291:Walker 1999 5287:Nevins 1931 5283:Denton 2011 5267:Walker 1999 5263:Denton 2011 5251:Walker 1999 5239:Walker 1999 5215:Walker 1999 5211:Nevins 1931 5207:Denton 2011 5195:Walker 1999 5178:Denton 2011 5119:, p. 8 5117:Martin 1975 5087:Carson 1924 5075:Madley 2016 5065:, p. 7 5063:Tustin 1880 5051:Martin 1975 5027:Denton 2011 5015:Walker 1999 5011:Nevins 1931 4945:Walker 1999 4941:Nevins 1931 4887:Denton 2011 4805:Nevins 1931 4608:Nevins 1931 4561:Nevins 1931 4545:Nevins 1931 4395:Nevins 1931 4232:John Torrey 3971:(June 2022) 3896:World War I 3686:sister city 2915:Mississippi 2832:Golden Gate 2807:During the 2762:peritonitis 2529:Frank Blair 2324:Frank Blair 2288:Springfield 2139:Catholicism 2073:Slave Power 1944:Great Basin 1799:, a former 1797:Hiland Hall 1633:Bent's Fort 1626:Edward Kern 1366:William Ide 1364:, electing 1252:Jose Castro 1224:Walker Lake 1183:Bent's Fort 1171:Great Basin 1144:John Sutter 1128:Carson Pass 1072:Snake River 1002:Green River 843:Great Basin 765:topographer 757:Mississippi 327:(1854–1890) 243:Preceded by 201:Preceded by 152:Preceded by 105:Preceded by 20113:Categories 20091:California 19938:Juneteenth 19459:Cemeteries 19336:Red Shirts 19247:Centennial 19197:Red Shirts 18605:Longstreet 18535:Beauregard 18478:Winchester 18453:Charleston 18422:Washington 18357:New Mexico 18352:New Jersey 18212:California 18188:States and 18172:Five Forks 18157:Mobile Bay 18127:Wilderness 18107:Gettysburg 18087:Perryville 18072:Seven Days 18003:Appomattox 17928:Gettysburg 17888:New Mexico 17755:Combatants 17730:Combatants 17643:John Brown 17259:Fort Worth 17196:The Dalles 17163:Tishomingo 17050:Alamogordo 16941:Livingston 16921:Deer Lodge 16841:Dodge City 16795:Fort Boise 16752:Negro Fort 16719:Rapid City 16714:Pine Ridge 16709:Fort Yates 16633:Sacramento 16605:California 16565:Fort Grant 16481:Cowboy hat 16449:New Mexico 16429:Weird West 16382:Chuckwagon 16295:Sheep Wars 16257:Range wars 16080:Pecos Bill 16050:Johnny Kaw 16045:John Henry 16040:Dime novel 15935:and trails 15912:Tack piano 15892:Stagecoach 15847:Ghost town 15609:Kit Carson 15597:and scouts 15457:Black Bart 15371:Wyatt Earp 15099:Dasoda-hae 15084:Crazy Bear 15054:Black Hawk 14683:George Law 14567:Convention 14535:Lewis Cass 14492:Convention 14410:Napolitano 13773:Washington 13693:New Mexico 13688:New Jersey 13563:California 13374:Fahrenkopf 13369:Fahrenkopf 13290:Gabrielson 12900:Pennington 12890:Conference 12876:U.S. House 12697:J. P. Hale 12687:Conference 12662:G. W. Bush 12632:Eisenhower 12414:G. W. Bush 12394:G. W. Bush 12174:Eisenhower 12154:Eisenhower 11601:Shortridge 11328:Since 1850 11285:Deukmejian 11235:Richardson 11225:H. Johnson 11130:J. Johnson 11103:U.S. state 11093:Gen. Riley 11088:Gen. Smith 11083:Gen. Mason 11079:(mutineer) 11001:Col. Chico 10895:Col. Fages 10880:Col. Fages 10486:Presidents 10408:John Kerry 10250:Alf Landon 10042:Lewis Cass 9984:Henry Clay 9954:Rufus King 9920:John Adams 9836:Republican 9723:1878–1881 9332:0806131357 9299:Pathfinder 9075:0312866852 8864:. Chicago. 8747:. Norton. 8533:1400044561 7817:August 26, 7420:August 23, 6674:Oates 1974 6635:Oates 1974 6631:White 2016 6619:Oates 1974 6577:Oates 1974 6565:Oates 1974 6405:White 2016 5994:August 24, 4314:References 4280:His wife, 4137:Royal Navy 3916:erected a 3870:barbershop 3513:in Wyoming 3477:California 3312:Plaque at 3266:relocating 3038:goosefoot 2966:relocating 2555:, eastern 2511:'s friend 2494:President 2468:, won the 2229:Union Army 2176:St. George 2127:temperance 2097:Our Jessie 2069:New Jersey 1956:Kern River 1675:Rio Grande 1660:Mosca Pass 1490:Kit Carson 1482:New Mexico 1375:San Rafael 1333:Portsmouth 1272:Kit Carson 1249:commandant 1134:valley to 1124:Lake Tahoe 1088:Mount Hood 1060:Fort Boise 990:Kit Carson 986:South Pass 974:Wind River 970:Lewis Linn 962:Kit Carson 857:See also: 783:, and the 537:Republican 533:California 431:Union Army 405:Allegiance 325:Republican 320:Democratic 285:1813-01-21 183:California 134:California 20067:Biography 19916:Espionage 19710:Diplomacy 19678:Political 19634:POW camps 19380:Monuments 19207:Scalawags 19202:Redeemers 18940:Aftermath 18889:Pinkerton 18828:Rosecrans 18793:McClellan 18696:Memminger 18432:Wisconsin 18397:Tennessee 18317:Minnesota 18292:Louisiana 18167:Nashville 18112:Vicksburg 18042:Pea Ridge 17993:Carolinas 17948:Red River 17943:Knoxville 17923:Tullahoma 17918:Vicksburg 17898:Peninsula 17870:campaigns 17736:Campaigns 17513:Secession 17325:Vancouver 17201:La Grande 17168:Tuskahoma 17158:Tahlequah 17138:Fort Sill 17105:Tucumcari 17075:Las Vegas 17004:Whiteclay 16999:Valentine 16931:Fort Peck 16889:St. Louis 16846:Ellsworth 16800:Fort Hall 16772:St. Marks 16757:Pensacola 16671:Telluride 16638:San Diego 16623:Jamestown 16580:Tombstone 16522:Anchorage 16370:Influence 16341:Gunfights 16133:Gunfights 15977:Lolo Pass 15933:Transport 15872:Moonshine 15862:Land rush 15852:Gunfights 15842:Fast draw 15817:Boot Hill 15715:C. S. Fly 15679:Al Sieber 15386:Jack Helm 15270:Joe Mayer 15208:Explorers 15179:Ten Bears 15164:Smallwood 15149:Sacagawea 15144:Red Cloud 15124:Manuelito 15119:Kiliahote 14969:Seminoles 14929:Nez Perce 14794:Blackfoot 14400:Symington 14355:McFarland 14185:McCormick 14094:Primaries 14030:Factional 13960:Sectional 13797:Territory 13783:Wisconsin 13748:Tennessee 13653:Minnesota 13628:Louisiana 13529:territory 13527:state and 13414:Gillespie 13399:Nicholson 13335:R. Morton 13315:T. Morton 13200:Rosewater 13190:Hitchcock 13180:Cortelyou 13002:Longworth 12865:McConnell 12745:Gallinger 12602:Roosevelt 12523:primaries 12503:primaries 12483:primaries 12463:primaries 12443:primaries 12423:primaries 12403:primaries 12383:primaries 12363:primaries 12343:primaries 12323:primaries 12303:primaries 12283:primaries 12263:primaries 12243:primaries 12223:primaries 12214:Goldwater 12203:primaries 12183:primaries 12163:primaries 12143:primaries 12123:primaries 12103:primaries 12083:primaries 12063:primaries 12043:primaries 12023:primaries 12003:primaries 11983:primaries 11978:Fairbanks 11963:primaries 11928:Fairbanks 11924:Roosevelt 11915:Roosevelt 11756:primaries 11566:McDougall 11531:Feinstein 11406:Broderick 9712:John Hoyt 9578:Bass Otis 8870:cite book 8573:cite book 8554:Doubleday 7791:March 28, 7734:"History" 7448:August 1, 7335:August 3, 7292:April 20, 7266:August 2, 6823:, p. 119. 5849:April 26, 5589:August 2, 5563:August 2, 4628:Fiske, J. 4319:Citations 3623:Libraries 3610:Gold Rush 3599:Hospitals 3584:Sunnyvale 3541:in Oregon 3278:June 2022 3154:phacelia 3104:tidytips 3008:barberry 2978:June 2022 2809:Civil War 2627:John Pope 2621:When the 2557:Tennessee 2462:Lexington 2434:Civil War 2418:John Pope 2262:John Pope 2216:Civil War 2135:free love 2131:socialism 1772:, on the 1342:Sausalito 1292:Dokdokwas 1175:endorheic 1167:Las Vegas 1056:Fort Hall 744:surveying 442:1861–1864 440:1838–1848 388:Signature 378:Education 367:Relatives 233:In office 215:Himself ( 191:In office 156:Himself ( 142:In office 110:John Hoyt 83:In office 20030:Category 19871:Seminole 19861:Cherokee 19614:Medicine 19567:Military 19480:Veterans 19314:Jim Crow 19079:timeline 18874:Ericsson 18857:Civilian 18838:Sheridan 18798:McDowell 18758:Farragut 18743:Burnside 18733:Anderson 18726:Military 18706:Stephens 18666:Benjamin 18659:Civilian 18545:Buchanan 18523:Military 18468:Richmond 18417:Virginia 18362:New York 18337:Nebraska 18327:Missouri 18312:Michigan 18302:Maryland 18287:Kentucky 18262:Illinois 18237:Delaware 18217:Colorado 18202:Arkansas 18162:Franklin 18082:Antietam 17953:Overland 17908:Maryland 17827:Theaters 17733:Theaters 17374:Category 17264:Gonzales 17216:Portland 17153:Pawhuska 17148:Okmulgee 17100:Santa Fe 17090:Mogollon 17060:Cimarron 16989:Ogallala 16961:Nebraska 16946:Missoula 16911:Billings 16871:Missouri 16810:Illinois 16699:Deadwood 16694:Bismarck 16676:Trinidad 16653:Colorado 16570:Prescott 16527:Iditarod 16454:Red Dirt 16027:Folklore 15837:Cow town 15755:Nat Love 15649:Tom Horn 15595:Soldiers 15356:Roy Bean 15212:pioneers 15199:Washakie 15194:Victorio 15104:Geronimo 15079:Degataga 14974:Shoshone 14919:Muscogee 14904:Maricopa 14879:Kumeyaay 14869:Kickapoo 14864:Hualapai 14834:Comanche 14809:Cheyenne 14799:Cahuilla 14649:Nominees 14576:Nominees 14501:Nominees 14370:Williams 14330:Stanford 14315:Phillips 14305:Campbell 14295:Campbell 14235:Franklin 14119:Trumpism 13974:Chairmen 13891:Factions 13853:Congress 13768:Virginia 13718:Oklahoma 13698:New York 13673:Nebraska 13663:Missouri 13648:Michigan 13638:Maryland 13623:Kentucky 13603:Illinois 13578:Delaware 13568:Colorado 13558:Arkansas 13448:McDaniel 13424:Martínez 13360:Richards 13275:Brownell 13270:Spangler 13255:Hamilton 13250:Fletcher 13160:Campbell 13155:Clarkson 13125:Chandler 13068:McCarthy 13044:Gingrich 12883:Speakers 12811:Knowland 12620:Coolidge 12596:McKinley 12590:Harrison 12578:Garfield 12014:Coolidge 11998:Coolidge 11911:McKinley 11898:McKinley 11885:Harrison 11872:Harrison 11846:Garfield 11745:national 11631:Cranston 11586:Stanford 11516:Hayakawa 11501:Salinger 11491:Knowland 11451:Williams 11426:Casserly 11305:J. 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