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the employer, the apprentice, and Don Bosco. In those contracts, Don Bosco touched on many sensitive issues. Some employers customarily made servants and scullery boys of the apprentices. Don Bosco obliged them to agree to employ the boys only in their acknowledged trade. Employers used to beat the boys, and Don Bosco required them to agree that corrections be made only verbally. He cared for their health and demanded that they be given rest on feast days and an annual holiday. Despite all the efforts and contracts, the situation of the apprentices of the time remained difficult.
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Cavour, the chief of police in Turin, regarded the open-air catechisms as overtly political and a threat to the state and was highly suspicious of Bosco's support for the powers of the papacy. Bosco was interrogated on several occasions; no charges were made. Closure may have been prevented by orders from the king that Bosco was not to be disturbed. Several attempts were also made on Bosco's life, including a near-stabbing, bludgeoning, and a shooting. Early biographers put that down to the growing influence of the
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Twice, he tried to provide lodgings in his house. The first time, they stole the blankets; the second, time, they emptied the hayloft. He did not give up, and in May 1847, he gave shelter to a young boy from
Valencia in one of the three rooms he was renting in the slums of Valdocco, where he was living with his mother. He and his mother began taking in orphans. The boys sheltered by Don Bosco numbered 36 in 1852, 115 in 1854, 470 in 1860, and 600 in 1861, reaching a maximum of 800 sometime later.
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would play an influential role in his outlook and work. This first dream "left a profound impression on him for the rest of his life" according to his memoirs. Bosco apparently saw a multitude of very poor boys playing and blaspheming, and a man, who "appeared, nobly attired, with a manly and imposing bearing", and said to him, "You will have to win these friends of yours not with blows, but with gentleness and kindness. So begin right now to show them that sin is ugly and virtue beautiful."
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families lived in the slums of the city and had come from the countryside in search of a better life. During his studies, Bosco accompanied
Cafasso in visiting the prisons and became concerned regarding the recidivism of young offenders. He began to work with orphaned and abandoned boys, teaching them catechism and helping them find work. Upon completion of his studies, Cafasso secured for Bosco an appointment as almoner of the Rifugio (Refuge), a girls' boarding school founded in
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371:, Bosco established the Association of Mary Help of Christians (ADMA) connecting it with commitments easily fulfilled by most common people, to the spirituality and the mission of the Salesian Congregation (CG 24 SDB, 1996, NR. 80). The ADMA was founded to promote the veneration of the Most Holy Sacrament and Mary Help of Christians (Don Bosco, Association of the Devotees of Mary Help of Christians, San Benigno Canavese, 1890, page 33).
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733:, which he founded in August 1877, he wrote frequently and voluminously. Though Don Bosco was described as more of a man of action than a scholar, he wrote, adapted and published many works on religion, history, catechesis and Catholic church. The full list of his publications is available in a dedicated website
652:, and a study of its people convinced him that the country and its inhabitants were the ones that he had seen in his dream. In late 1874, Bosco received letters from the Argentine consul at Savona requesting that he accept an Italian parish in Buenos Aires and a school for boys at San Nicolas de Los Arroyos.
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In 1859, Bosco selected the experienced priest
Vittorio Alasonatti, 15 seminarians, and one high school boy and formed them into the Society of St. Francis de Sales. That was the nucleus of the Salesians, the religious order that would carry on his work. When the group had its next meeting, it voted
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Some of the boys helped by Don Bosco decided to do what he was doing: working in the service of abandoned boys. That was the origin of the
Salesian Congregation. Among the first members were Michael Rua, John Cagliero (who later became a Cardinal), and John Baptist Francesca. In 1857 Bosco drew up a
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Bosco, when he was ten years old started watching his classmates' attitudes, and in every fight was the referee. The older boys were scared of him because he knew their strengths and their weaknesses. When travelling entertainers performed at a local feast in the nearby hills, he watched and studied
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When Bosco was little more than two years old, his father died, which left the support of three boys to his mother. She played a strong role in Bosco's formation and personality, and was an early supporter of her son's ideals. In 1825, when he was nine, Bosco had the first of a series of dreams that
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and admonished him to oppose the confiscation of church property and suppression of the orders; the King failed to respond. His actions, which had been described by the
Italian historian Roberto Petoia as having "manifest blackmailing intentions", ended only after the intervention of the then prime
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legislature to suppress religious orders, he advised Bosco on how to get around the law. He found a religious order to keep the oratory going after its founder's death. Bosco had been thinking about that problem too and had been slowly organizing his helpers into a loose
Congregation of St. Francis
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In the archives of the
Salesian Congregation is a contract of apprenticeship, dated November 1851; another one on stamped paper costing 40 cents, dated 8 February 1852; and others have later dates. They are among the first contracts of apprenticeship to be found in Turin. All of them are signed by
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Bosco and his oratory moved around town for several years; he was turned out of several places in succession. After only two months based in the church of St. Martin, the entire neighbourhood expressed its annoyance with the noise coming from the boys at play. A formal complaint was lodged against
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the jugglers' tricks and the acrobats' secrets. He would then put on shows of his skills as a juggler, magician, and acrobat, with prayers before and after the performance. The money that he needed to prepare the shows was taken from selling the birds that he hunted and given to him by his mother.
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Opposition to Bosco and his work came from various quarters. Traditionalist clergy accused him of stealing the young and old people away from their own parishes. Nationalist politicians, including some clergy, saw his several hundred young men as a recruiting ground for revolution. The
Marquis de
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On a cold morning in
February 1827, John left his home and went to look for work as a farm servant. At 12, he found life at home unbearable because of the continuous quarrels with Antonio. Having to face life by himself at such a young age may have developed his later sympathies to help abandoned
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had indicated that he would be glad to receive the
Salesians. In a ceremony held on 29 January 1875, Bosco was able to convey the great news to the oratory. On 5 February, he announced the fact in a circular letter to all Salesians asking volunteers to apply in writing. He proposed for the first
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The Oratorio was not simply a charitable institution, and its activities were not limited to Sundays. For Don Bosco, it became his permanent occupation. He looked for jobs for the unemployed. Some of the boys did not have sleeping quarters and slept under bridges or in bleak public dormitories.
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Because of population growth and migration to the city, Bosco found the traditional methods of parish ministry to be inefficient. He decided that it was necessary to try another form of apostolate, and he began to meet the boys where they worked and gathered in shops and marketplaces. They were
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After ordination, Bosco went to Turin, where Cafasso headed the Institute of Saint Francis of Assisi, which provided higher education for the diocesan priests. Turin then had a population of 117,000 inhabitants. The city reflected the effects of industrialization and urbanization. Numerous poor
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In the years that Bosco had spent running his oratory and giving spiritual and practical instruction to the boys he had housed there, he relied on a different approach to education and general instruction, which he believed to be superior to traditional educational methods, such as
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of Catholic publishers in 1949. His repertoire of writings and publications consists of over 220 titles collected in 38 volumes. They were printed at his own peerless paper-to-print workshop, where boys learned the art of printing and publishing in view of future employment.
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Saint Bosco died on 31 January 1888. His funeral was attended by thousands. The Archdiocese of Turin investigated, and witnesses were called to determine if Bosco was worthy to be declared a saint. The Salesians, Daughters, and Cooperators gave supportive testimonies.
446:. Being a priest was then more commonly a profession for the privileged classes than for farmers. Some biographers portray his older brother, Antonio, as the main obstacle for Bosco's ambition to study, as Antonio protested that John was just "a farmer like us!"
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When Bosco founded the Salesian Society, the thought of the missions still obsessed him but completely lacked the financial means. For three years he collected information about different countries. A request from Argentina turned him towards the Indians of
415:(1788–1856). He had two older brothers, Antonio and Giuseppe (1813–1862). The Boscos of Becchi were farmhands of the Moglian Family. He was born in a time of great shortage and famine in the Piedmontese countryside, following the devastation wrought by the
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societies that were initiated as collaborative financial support to young migrant Catholic workers in the city of Turin. In 1850, he drew up regulations to assist apprentices and their companions when any of them was involuntarily without work or fell ill.
701:, which he labelled as a repressive system of education. On 12 March 1877, Bosco gave an opening address on the systems of education during the day for the opening of the St. Peter's Youth Center in the new quarters of the Patronage de Saint Pierre in
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was about to pass a law suppressing monastic orders and confiscating ecclesiastical properties, Bosco reported a series of dreams about "great funerals at court" that referred to politicians or members of the Savoy court.
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them with the municipality. Rumours also circulated that the meetings conducted by the priest with his boys were dangerous; their recreation could be turned into a revolution against the government. The group was evicted.
2513:, Bosco would later become a priest when he started the work. It has since spread worldwide through the religious congregation that he founded: the Salesians of Don Bosco. He has also been declared a saint and their
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that would not expose his missionaries to wild, uncivilized tribes, he proposed setting up bases in safe locations at which missionary efforts were to be launched. Negotiations started after Archbishop Aneiros of
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boys. After begging unsuccessfully for work, he ended up at the wine farm of Louis Moglia. Although he could pursue some studies by himself, he was not able to attend school for two more years. In 1830, he met
2376:"The Salesian Preventive System of St. John Bosco (Don Bosco) (Educational Philosophy of Don Bosco - Don Bosco's Way, Style, Approach, Method, System, etc.... of Educating and Accompanying Young People Today)"
454:, a young priest who identified some natural talent and supported his first schooling. Bosco's mother, Margherita, managed to earn enough money to finance his education. In 1835, Bosco entered the seminary at
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and was noted by scholars for its cultural importance on the knowledge base of ancient to modern civilization. He was also a skilled biographer. His two most well-known biographies were on his mentor,
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who "was impressed by John’s memory and understanding of the sermons he had heard at a parish mission in a nearby Church." His childhood experiences are thought to have inspired him to become a
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de Sales. He was also training select older boys for the priesthood. Another supporter of the idea of establishing a religious order to carry out Bosco's vision was the reigning pope,
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John Bosco was born on the evening of 16 August 1815 in the hillside hamlet of Becchi, Italy. Becchi is located in a region that was called Castelnuovo d'Asti, which was later renamed
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on the admission of Joseph Rossi as a lay member, the first Salesian brother. The Salesian Congregation was divided into priests, seminarians, and coadjutors (the lay brothers).
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628:, who were mostly lay people who would work for young people like the Daughters and the Salesians but would not join a religious order. The first Salesians departed for
636:, had not opposed the idea. Bosco nevertheless eagerly read the Italian edition of the Annals of the Propagation of the Faith and used this magazine to illustrate his
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venerate Bosco by offering free magic shows to underprivileged children on his feast day. Bosco's work was carried on by an early pupil, collaborator, and companion,
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has remained in continuous publication, and is currently published in 50 different editions and 30 languages. In 1876, he founded a movement of laity, the
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351:, now commonly known as the Salesian Sisters of Don Bosco, a religious congregation of nuns dedicated to the care and education of poor girls. He taught
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are named after him, in countries as diverse as Australia, India, the Philippines, Pakistan, Lebanon and the United States. Several institutions in
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set of rules for his helpers. This rule was approved definitively in 1873 by Pope Pius IX as the Rule of the Society of Saint Francis de Sales.
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Poverty prevented any serious attempt at schooling. His early years were spent as a shepherd, and he received his first instruction from
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320:, and other disadvantaged youth. He developed teaching methods based on love rather than punishment, a method that became known as the
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Bosco on 2 June 1929 and canonised him on Easter Sunday (1 April) 1934, when he was given the title of "Father and Teacher of Youth".
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388:, with the same educational mission to the poor. Bosco established a network of organizations and centres to carry on his work.
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620:. In 1871, he founded a group of religious sisters to do for girls what the Salesians were doing for boys. They were called the
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A Compendium of Italian History from the Fall of the Roman Empire, Tr. and Completed to the Present Time by J.D. Morell
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584:(aged 32), their newborn son Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Genoa (nearly four months old), and his only brother,
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Giulia di Barolo, so that he could remain in Turin. His other ministries included visiting prisoners, teaching
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576:. The king's family suffered several deaths in a short period. From January to May 1855, the king's mother
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pavers, stonecutters, masons, and plasterers who had come from far away, as he recalled in his brief
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Bosco disliked the ideals that had been exported by Revolutionary France, as part of the process of
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a priest on the eve of Trinity Sunday by Archbishop Franzoni of Turin. He was twenty-six years old.
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Memoirs of the Oratory of Saint Francis de Sales 1815 – 1855: The autobiography of Saint John Bosco
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Memoirs of the Oratory of Saint Francis de Sales 1815 – 1855: The autobiography of Saint John Bosco
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Though Bosco's written works were little known outside of his own order and the subscribers of his
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Bosco, Giovanni Melchor (1877). "Regolamento per le case della Società di S. Francesco di Sales".
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in his politics but saw some value in Bosco's work. While Rattazzi was pushing a bill through the
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Lemoyne, Giovanni Battista; Amadei, Angelo; Ceria, Eugenio (1965–1988). Borgatello, Diego (ed.).
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Lettera Decretale di Sua Santità Pio Xi "Geminata Laetitia" che Proclama Santo Don Giovanni Bosco
1799:"St. John Bosco - Patron Saint of Young People and Editors / Publishers | Christian Apostles.com"
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1246:: As Don Bosco lay dying, all begged to see him and kiss his hand for the last time, image from
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1337:, were also named for Bosco, including St John Bosco Parish, St John Bosco Primary School, and
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Bosco regarded it as a sign of Providence and started to prepare a mission. Adopting a way of
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in 1875. After his ordination, Bosco himself would have become a missionary if his director,
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lasted from 1817 to 1819. See The Majesty of Charleston by Peter Beney, p.64, 2005 edition.
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Eugene Ceria SDB; Lawrence Castelvecchi SDB; Michael Mendl SDB, eds. (6 December 2007).
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Eugene Ceria SDB; Lawrence Castelvecchi SDB; Michael Mendl SDB, eds. (6 December 2007).
1775:. Salesians of Don Bosco, Province of Mary Help of Christians, Melbourne. Archived from
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Bosco had been popularly known as the patron saint of illusionists. On 30 January 2002,
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view of politics that acknowledged the supreme authority of the pope. In 1854, when the
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Encyclopedia of Catholic Social Thought, Social Science, and Social Policy Supplement
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1168:(critical edition published in 1977, originally published as a dream journal in 1855)
868:“Lives of the Sovereign Pontiffs Anicetus, Soter, Eleutherus, Victor, and Zephirinus”
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19 volumes: Vols. 1–9 by Lemoyne); 10 (1939, by Amadei); 11–19 (1930–1939, by Ceria
2219:(in Italian). Vol. 37 (19600 ed.). Rome: Editrice LAS. 1976. p. 496.
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in honour of the saint. He was the youngest son of Francesco Bosco (1784–1817) and
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1694:. Vol. IV. New Rochelle, New York: Salesiana Publishers. pp. 52–56.
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Petoia, Erberto (June 2007). "I sinistri presage di Don Giovanni Bosco".
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Daughters of Mary Help of Christians Siu Ming Catholic Secondary School
1880:
857:“Lives of the Sovereign Pontiffs Anacletus, Evaristus, and Alexander I”
282:; 16 August 1815 – 31 January 1888), popularly known as
2364:"Associazione Cooperatori Salesiani", Pontifical Council for the Laity
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missionary departure to start in October. There were many volunteers.
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Bosco's sainthood cause was opened after his death, and following his
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Coulter, Michael L.; Myers, Richard S.; Varacalli, Joseph A. (2012).
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1254:: Don Bosco's relic in the Saint Stephen's Basilica in Budapest, 2013
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2602:"EXPO' 84 and Don Bosco's peerless-to- paper-to-print presentation"
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791:“Historical Notes on the Miracle of the Blessed Sacrament at Turin”
720:, Bosco wrote down the address as a polished essay under the title
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Depiction of Bosco as a little preacher repeating the Sunday Sermon
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1706:"ADMA - Association Mary Help of Christians, Torino-Valdocco | 16"
905:“The Pontificate of St. Sixtus II and the Glories of St. Laurence”
894:“The Persecution of Decius and the Pontificate of St. Cornelius I”
860:“Lives of the Sovereign Pontiffs Sixtus, Telesphorus, and Hyginus”
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priest, educator and writer of the 19th century. While working in
1529:"Saint John Bosco | Biography & Facts | Britannica"
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A Compendium of Italian History from the Fall of the Roman Empire
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A Compendium of Italian History from the Fall of the Roman Empire
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1864:. Salesian Society of Don Bosco. 8 February 1995. Archived from
902:“Lives of the Sovereign Pontiffs St. Lucian I and St. Stephen I”
16:
19th-century Italian Roman Catholic priest, educator, and writer
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1193:(written between 1815 and 1855, published posthumously in 1989)
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339:. He later dedicated his works to de Sales when he founded the
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891:“Lives of the Sovereign Pontiffs Pontian, Anteros, and Fabian”
2612:(1). Institute of Salesian Studies Berkeley California: 87–98
2415:
2351:"MARIA DOMENICA Mazzarello, santa in "Dizionario Biografico""
2273:. Translated by Daniel Lyons SDB. p. 802. Archived from
2239:. Vol. 12 (2 ed.). pp. 321–348. Archived from
2006:"www.salesians.org.uk/uploads/footprintsvocationdonbosco.pdf"
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2828:(Indian ed.). Guwahati, India: Don Bosco Publications.
2420:. Rome – Bangalore: LAS – Kristu Jyoti. pp. 1119–1479.
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1301:, who was appointed rector major of the Salesian Society by
854:“Lives of the Sovereign Pontiffs Linus, Cletus, and Clement”
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Following are Bosco's works in roughly chronological order.
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Bosco (sitting at right) during a visit to Barcelona in 1886
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One influential friend was the Piedmontese justice minister
355:, of whom he wrote a biography that helped the young boy be
2468:
Nanni, Carlo (2003). "Il Sistema Preventivo di Don Bosco".
1042:“Nine Days Consecrated to the august Mother of Our Saviour”
702:
312:, he dedicated his life to the betterment and education of
304:, where the population suffered many of the ill effects of
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Giovanni Bosco: 'Storia ecclesiastica ad uso delle scuole'
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Statue at the Diocesan Shrine of Mary Help of Christians,
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in which he first mentioned the term "Preventive System".
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on the occasion of the Beatification of Father John Bosco
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1028:“Association of the Devotees of Mary, Help of Christians”
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dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
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On 18 April 1869, one year after the construction of the
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Statue at Catedral São João Batista (Rio do Sul), Brazil
1072:“Massimino, or the Encounter of a Boy with a Protestant”
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Province of St.Joseph, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
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Mendl, Michael (2004). "The Dreams of St. John Bosco".
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1891:
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1823:
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741:, which was translated and continued to the present by
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2576:"San Giovanni Bosco – Opere Edite. Elenco cronologico"
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The Life of Don Bosco: Founder of the Salesian Society
2099:, (Lady Martin, trans.) Burns & Oates, 1899, p. 25
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had known Bosco and pushed the cause forward. Pius XI
1034:“Angelina, or the Little Orphan Girl of the Apennines”
797:“A Dispute Between a Lawyer and a Protestant Minister”
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2934:
Don Bosco e i Salesiani: Centocinquant'anni di storia
2710:
2620:– via Salesian OnLine Resources, 13 April 2020.
1624:
555:"two vicious leaders of incredulity". He favoured an
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Institute of the Daughters of Mary Help of Christians
2637:. Zenit News Agency. 29 January 2002. Archived from
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Now hosts an exhibition dedicated to the John Bosco.
1358:. Bosco was also the subject of two Italian movies:
1053:“The Apparition of the Blessed Virgin at La Salette”
1589:"Catholic Encyclopedia: St. John Bosco (Don Bosco)"
1389:
1172:
The Preventive System in the Education of the Youth
955:“The Pontificates of SS. Marcellinus and Marcellus”
933:“The Pontificates of St. Felix I and St. Eutychian”
809:“The Six Sundays in Honour of St. Aloysius Gonzaga”
722:
The Preventive System in the Education of the Youth
469:
2861:. New Rochelle, New York: Don Bosco Publications.
871:“The Month of May, Consecrated to Mary Immaculate”
2928:. New Rochelle, New York: Don Bosco Publications.
2792:. New Rochelle, New York: Don Bosco Publications.
2255:
1990:. Translated by Daniel Lyons, SDB. Archived from
1289:to declare Bosco formally to the patron of stage
1008:“Severino, or the adventures of a Young alpinist”
806:“A Collection of Strange Contemporary Happenings”
327:A follower of the spirituality and philosophy of
3731:
3526:Saint Francis Central Coast Catholic High School
2909:. New Rochelle, New York: Salesiana Publishers.
2719:. Vol. 3. Scarecrow Press. pp. 36–38.
2635:"Magicians Want Don Bosco Declared Their Patron"
2531:. Our Lady of the Rosary Library. Archived from
1191:Memoirs of the Oratory of Saint Francis de Sales
19:"Don Bosco" redirects here. For other uses, see
3621:St. Mary's Anglo-Indian Higher Secondary School
3616:St. Anthony's Higher Secondary School, Shillong
1211:(compiled by Mario Balbi and published in 2005)
1099:“The Loveliest Flower of the Apostolic College”
2599:
1031:“The General Councils and the Catholic Church”
800:“Notes on the Life of the Youth Luigi Comollo”
567:In November 1854, Bosco sent a letter to King
3436:Don Bosco High & Technical School, Liluah
3078:
2907:Don Bosco: Religious Outlook and Spirituality
2126:
1935:"Magician priest wants patron saint of magic"
1551:
1549:
944:“Historical Notes on BI. Catherine De-Mattei”
936:“The New Charm of an Old Soldier of Napoleon”
624:. In 1874, he founded yet another group, the
3230:
2758:
2740:
2443:"The "Preventive System": Walking Alongside"
2316:Don Bosco: A Sketch of His Life and Miracles
2198:
2129:Don Bosco: A Sketch of His Life and Miracles
1635:
1203:Dreams, Visions, and Prophecies of Don Bosco
495:, and helping out at many country parishes.
462:. In 1841, after six years of study, he was
369:Basilica of Mary Help of Christians in Turin
3347:Congregation of Saint Michael the Archangel
2990:"Saint John Bosco: Modern Apostle of Youth"
2904:
2899:. Rome: Editrice Libreria Ateneo Salesiano.
2483:Bosco, Giovanni Melchor (22 October 2018).
877:“Life of the Sovereign Pontiff Callistus I”
820:“An Easy Method of Learning Sacred History”
753:, which would later be instrumental in his
3775:Founders of Catholic religious communities
3456:Don Bosco Higher Secondary School, Dimapur
3380:Sexual abuse scandal in the Salesian order
3092:
3085:
3071:
2880:. Turin: Società Editrice Internazionale.
2851:Publications of the Salesians of Don Bosco
2782:Publications of the Salesians of Don Bosco
2696:(5 ed.). Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
2600:Cerrato, Natale; Ribotta, Michael (1993).
2418:Salesian Sources 1: Don Bosco and his work
2144:
2120:
1945:
1918:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1546:
1197:The Spiritual Writings of Saint John Bosco
54:
2958:"Salesians of Don Bosco Official Website"
2936:. Turin: Società Editrice Internazionale.
2875:
2799:Memorie Biografiche di San Giovanni Bosco
2774:for the canonization of Father John Bosco
2308:
1344:Bosco was the subject of the 1935 biopic
1215:
1064:“The Centenary of St. Eusebius the Great”
1056:“Pleasing Facts From the Life of Pius IX”
616:and a group of girls in the hill town of
3506:Don Bosco Technical Institute, Victorias
3491:Don Bosco Technical High School (Boston)
3397:St. Mary's English High School, Maligaon
2823:
2629:
2627:
2440:
2040:. Salesians of Australia. Archived from
1665:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1293:. Catholic stage magicians who practice
1136:Synoptic tablet (on the Catholic Church)
994:“The Centenary of St. Peter the apostle”
707:
681:
514:
473:
425:
3319:Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians
2982:"Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica"
2826:The Educational Philosophy of Don Bosco
2199:Villefranche, Jacques-Melchior (1898).
2171:
2108:
2106:
1689:
1025:“The Catholic Church and Its Hierarchy”
888:“Life of the Sovereign Pontiff Urban I”
169:Basilica of Our Lady Help of Christians
3732:
2994:Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
2790:Biographical Memoirs of St. John Bosco
2689:
2675:. Tunbridge Wells: Burns & Oates.
2668:
2416:Salesian Historical Institute (2017).
2302:
2287:
1932:
1692:Biographical Memoirs of St. John Bosco
1677:
1606:
1510:Statue in Lutomiersk Monastery, Poland
1454:Monument in Funes, Santa Fe, Argentina
978:“Life of Bl. Mary of the Angels, C.S.”
3636:The Salesian Academy of St John Bosco
3501:Don Bosco Technical Institute, Tarlac
3496:Don Bosco Technical Institute, Makati
3066:
2923:
2856:
2776:] (in Italian), Vatican: Holy See
2624:
2482:
2467:
2400:
2232:
2063:Lemoyne, Amadei & Ceria 1965–1988
2025:Lemoyne, Amadei & Ceria 1965–1988
1903:
1892:Lemoyne, Amadei & Ceria 1965–1988
1849:Lemoyne, Amadei & Ceria 1965–1988
1824:Lemoyne, Amadei & Ceria 1965–1988
1735:Lemoyne, Amadei & Ceria 1965–1988
1613:Lemoyne, Amadei & Ceria 1965–1988
1574:
1320:
919:“Biographical Note on Michael Magone”
826:“Life of St. Martin, Bishop of Tours”
331:, Bosco was an ardent devotee of the
291:
3516:Don Bosco Technical School, Shillong
3162:(Co-founder of the Salesian Sisters)
3002:"Development office of the Salesian"
2905:Stella, Pietro; Drury, John (1996).
2205:. Burns & Oates. pp. 15–16.
2103:
2084:"Saint John Bosco", Franciscan Media
1751:"The Salesian Bulletin in the World"
1130:, a politico-religious paper (1849)
958:“Episodes Pleasant and Contemporary”
622:Daughters of Mary Help of Christians
600:Foundation of Salesians of Don Bosco
374:In 1875, Bosco began to publish the
3626:St. Petersburg Catholic High School
3611:St Joseph's College, Ferntree Gully
3049:18 December 1859 - 31 January 1888
2931:
2329:"Bl. Michael Rua (Beatified: 1972)"
2065:, Volume I, Chapter 24, pp. 159–163
2027:, Volume I, Chapter 22, pp. 142–152
1625:Coulter, Myers & Varacalli 2012
986:“Valentine or the Opposed Vocation”
769:Essays published in the volumes of
460:Church of the Immacolata Concezione
386:Association of Salesian Cooperators
13:
3576:Salesian High School (South Korea)
3566:Salesian High School (Los Angeles)
2844:
1959:. 14 November 2008. Archived from
922:“The Pontificate of St. Dionysius”
596:in opposition to Catholic clergy.
14:
3816:
3461:Don Bosco Preparatory High School
2942:
2894:
2526:
2151:. Quirk Books. pp. 156–157.
1894:, Volume I, Chapter 15, pp. 95–96
1737:, Volume XIII (1877–1878), p. 191
1396:Monument to Don John Bosco, Turin
1367:Saint John Bosco: Mission to Love
1149:. A national almanac began (1854)
961:“The Little Shepherd of the alps”
908:“Biography of Fr. Joseph Cafasso”
885:“Life of the Youth Dominic Savio”
3795:People from the Province of Asti
3717:
3705:
3693:
3681:
3654:
3606:St John Bosco College, Battersea
3486:Don Bosco Technical College–Cebu
3426:Don Bosco Cristo Rey High School
3020:
2974:"Don Bosco's important writings"
2950:"Dreams (Prophecy) of Don Bosco"
2489:. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
2095:Villefranche, Jacques-Melchior.
2038:"Don Bosco, Friend of the Youth"
1851:, Volume I, Chapter 7, pp. 44–49
1826:, Volume I, Chapter 3, pp. 20–28
1503:
1491:
1475:
1459:
1447:
1431:
1415:
1403:
1390:Monuments and memorials to Bosco
1233:
1224:
829:“The Value of a Good Upbringing”
803:“The Conversion of a Waldensian”
586:Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa
470:Priesthood and first apostolates
343:, based in Turin. Together with
23:. For schools of that name, see
3571:Salesian High School (New York)
3451:Don Bosco High School, Tinsukia
2754:(in Italian), Vatican: Holy See
2693:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
2656:
2593:
2568:
2547:
2529:"The Life of St. Dominic Savio"
2520:
2503:
2476:
2461:
2434:
2409:
2394:
2368:
2357:
2343:
2321:
2296:
2281:
2209:
2192:
2165:
2088:
2077:
2068:
2030:
1998:
1975:
1926:
1897:
1854:
1829:
1791:
1765:
1728:
1698:
874:“The Christian’s ‘Porta Tecum’”
359:. He is one of the pioneers of
3760:Beatifications by Pope Pius XI
3536:Salesian College (Rupertswood)
3521:Immaculata-LaSalle High School
3441:Don Bosco High School (Imphal)
3365:Sacred Heart Church, Battersea
2517:has been renamed in his honor.
2145:Craughwell, Thomas J. (2007).
1953:"31 January: Saint John Bosco"
1690:Lemoyne, John Baptist (1967).
1683:
1671:
1659:
1629:
1618:
1615:, Volume I, 1815 – 1840, p. 26
1521:
1410:Monument in Castelnuovo, Italy
1354:, and was played by the actor
1166:Forty Dreams of St. John Bosco
1115:“New Stories of Luigi Comolli”
1014:“Life of St. John the Baptist”
1011:“Marvels of the Mother of God”
947:“The Pontificate of St. Caius”
848:“Two Conferences on Purgatory”
574:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
1:
3780:Italian Roman Catholic saints
3765:Canonizations by Pope Pius XI
3750:19th-century Christian saints
3596:Savio Preparatory High School
3556:Salesian College, Farnborough
3511:Don Bosco Technical Institute
3476:Don Bosco School, Park Circus
3446:Don Bosco High School, Lagawe
3045:Rector Major of the Salesians
2897:Don Bosco: History and Spirit
2713:"Bosco, St. John (1815–1888)"
1933:Willey, David (2 June 2002).
1862:"Venerable Margaret Occhiena"
1515:
1331:Many educational institutions
1325:Bosco is the patron saint of
925:“Biography of Silvio Pellico”
785:”Announcements for Catholics”
687:
395:in 1929, he was canonized by
68:"Father and Teacher of Youth"
3546:Salesian College Preparatory
3531:Salesian College (Chadstone)
3421:Don Bosco College, Canlubang
3406:Cristo Rey Tampa High School
2876:Desramaut, François (1996).
2802:(in Italian). Archived from
2735:Publications of the Holy See
2672:Butler's lives of the saints
2172:Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004).
1438:Statue of Saint John Bosco,
1091:“The Little Cloud of Carmel”
1017:“Remembrance of a Solemnity”
7:
3641:Thornleigh Salesian College
3551:Salesian College, Battersea
3481:Don Bosco Technical College
3416:Don Bosco Academy, Pampanga
3401:Archbishop Shaw High School
3134:Giovanni Melchiorre Calosso
3019:(public domain audiobooks)
2926:Don Bosco and the Salesians
2690:Farmer, David Hugh (2004).
2606:Journal of Salesian Studies
2236:Journal of Salesian Studies
2127:D'Espiney, Charles (1884).
2114:""Don Bosco's Story", ewtn"
1122:Series started by Don Bosco
749:, and one of his students,
10:
3821:
3790:Patrons of World Youth Day
3601:St John Bosco Arts College
3541:Salesian College Celbridge
3466:Don Bosco School Ernakulam
3431:Don Bosco Formation Center
3375:Salesian Preventive System
3205:(Called John Bosco's Pope)
1107:“The Catholic in the World
1083:“Mary, Help of Christians”
972:“Dialogues on the Jubilee”
678:Salesian Preventive System
675:
670:Salesian Preventive System
322:Salesian Preventive System
21:Don Bosco (disambiguation)
18:
3649:
3581:Salesian School, Chertsey
3388:
3355:
3327:
3304:
3287:Pascual Chávez Villanueva
3160:Maria Domenica Mazzarello
3102:
3051:
3042:
3037:
3030:
2527:Bosco, Giovanni Melchor.
2178:. ABC-CLIO. p. 138.
1335:Engadine, New South Wales
1209:The Unpublished Don Bosco
975:“The Peace of the Church”
788:“The Instructed Catholic”
345:Maria Domenica Mazzarello
272:Giovanni Melchiorre Bosco
205:
189:
179:
159:
146:
133:
119:
99:
72:
65:
53:
34:
3471:Don Bosco School, Manila
2857:Bosco, Giovanni (1989).
2175:Holy People of the World
760:
578:Maria Theresa of Austria
293:[ˈdɔmˈbɔsko,bo-]
3561:Salesian English School
2824:Morrison, John (1999).
2555:"Writings of Don Bosco"
1248:The Venerable Don Bosco
612:Bosco then worked with
402:
337:Mary Help of Christians
279:
3661:Catholicism portal
3292:Ángel Fernández Artime
3191:Alexandrina of Balazar
3129:(Mother of John Bosco)
3095:Salesians of Don Bosco
3032:Catholic Church titles
2924:Wirth, Morand (1982).
2878:Don Bosco et son Temps
2859:Memoirs of the Oratory
2441:Frith-Powell, Louise.
1773:"Salesian Cooperators"
1422:Basilica Don Bosco in
1216:Death and canonization
969:“The House of Fortune”
713:
693:
479:
431:
341:Salesians of Don Bosco
271:
152:1 April 1934, Rome by
2966:"Salesians of the UK"
2669:Butler, Alan (1999).
2148:This Saint's for You!
1906:Memorias del oratorio
1803:ChristianApostles.com
1561:The Church of England
1424:Castelnuovo Don Bosco
1352:Goffredo Alessandrini
1339:St John Bosco College
1080:“The Jubilee of 1875”
916:“A Family of Martyrs”
837:“Life of St. Pancras”
823:“Talks on Confession”
737:. He penned the 1881
711:
686:Photograph of Bosco,
685:
588:(aged 32), all died.
515:Work with apprentices
477:
429:
419:and drought in 1817.
409:Castelnuovo Don Bosco
280:Gioann Melchior Bòsch
214:Christian apprentices
139:2 June 1929, Rome by
66:Priest and Confessor
3586:Salesiano Valparaíso
3342:Salesian Cooperators
3149:(Spiritual Director)
2403:Tipografia Salesiana
1904:Bosco, John (1976).
1753:. Eircom.net, Dublin
997:“Life of St. Joseph”
638:Cattolico Provveduto
626:Salesian Cooperators
580:(aged 54), his wife
318:juvenile delinquents
232:juvenile delinquents
3631:Tang King Po School
3282:Juan Edmundo Vecchi
3154:Callistus Caravario
3127:Margherita Occhiena
3013:Works by John Bosco
2331:. Salesian Missions
2314:Charles D'Espiney,
2277:on 6 December 2007.
1994:on 6 December 2007.
1963:on 14 November 2008
1908:. Turin. p. 5.
1779:on 20 February 2011
1716:on 19 November 2017
1128:The Friend of Youth
845:“Life of St. Peter”
794:“Fact of Our Times”
716:Upon his return to
582:Adelaide of Austria
413:Margherita Occhiena
260:John Melchior Bosco
3805:Writers from Turin
3210:Ceferino Namuncurá
2901:A 7-volume series.
2747:Appostolic letter
2535:on 2 December 2006
2243:on 8 February 2017
1710:donbosco-torino.it
1356:Gian Paolo Rosmino
1321:In popular culture
1000:“News and Stories”
851:“Life of St. Paul”
775:Letture Cattoliche
743:John Daniel Morell
714:
694:
569:Victor Emmanuel II
480:
478:Bosco in his youth
432:
128:Anglican Communion
86:Castelnuovo d'Asti
3770:Clergy from Turin
3669:
3668:
3591:Salesianum School
3370:Salesian Bulletin
3300:
3299:
3167:Leonardo Murialdo
3061:
3060:
3052:Succeeded by
2895:Lenti, Arthur J.
2772:Geminata Laetitia
2447:humanumreview.com
2427:978-81-933745-7-3
2380:donboscowest.org/
2097:Life of Don Bosco
1382:, Canada, in the
1311:Church of England
1287:Pope John Paul II
1153:Salesian Bulletin
771:Catholic Readings
730:Salesian Bulletin
699:school discipline
644:booklets (1858).
561:Sardinia-Piedmont
377:Salesian Bulletin
347:, he founded the
306:industrialization
257:
256:
120:Venerated in
94:Sardinia-Piedmont
3812:
3785:Incorrupt saints
3722:
3721:
3720:
3710:
3709:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3677:
3659:
3658:
3391:
3358:
3337:Salesian Sisters
3330:
3307:
3267:Renato Ziggiotti
3262:Pietro Ricaldone
3234:
3228:
3227:
3113:Francis de Sales
3105:
3096:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3009:
2997:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2937:
2929:
2920:
2900:
2891:
2872:
2839:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2793:
2777:
2770:Decretal Letter
2762:(1 April 1934),
2755:
2730:
2707:
2686:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2641:on 7 August 2011
2631:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2580:DonBoscoSanto.eu
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2524:
2518:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2449:. Humanum Review
2438:
2432:
2431:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2405:(OE XXIX): 3–13.
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2382:. Don Bosco West
2372:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2325:
2319:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1837:Piedmont drought
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1805:. 9 January 2021
1795:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1747:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1712:. Archived from
1702:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1637:Luciano Canepari
1633:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1525:
1507:
1495:
1479:
1463:
1451:
1435:
1419:
1407:
1237:
1228:
1185:Posthumous works
1045:“Church History”
692:
689:
335:under the title
329:Francis de Sales
298:Italian Catholic
295:
165:
114:Kingdom of Italy
106:
82:
80:
58:
32:
31:
25:Don Bosco School
3820:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3755:Anglican saints
3730:
3729:
3728:
3718:
3716:
3704:
3694:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3653:
3645:
3389:
3384:
3356:
3351:
3328:
3323:
3305:
3296:
3232:
3226:
3185:Artémides Zatti
3179:Luigi Versiglia
3103:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3057:
3048:
3039:New institution
3021:
3000:
2996:. 2 April 2008.
2988:
2980:
2972:
2964:
2956:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2930:Translation of
2917:
2888:
2869:
2847:
2845:Further reading
2842:
2836:
2809:
2807:
2806:on 18 June 2013
2796:
2744:(2 June 1929),
2727:
2704:
2683:
2659:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2525:
2521:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2481:
2477:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2414:
2410:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2286:
2282:
2263:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2231:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2143:
2136:
2125:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1931:
1927:
1911:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1881:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1830:
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1452:
1443:
1436:
1427:
1420:
1411:
1408:
1392:
1323:
1317:on 31 January.
1305:in 1888. He is
1283:Silvio Mantelli
1273:proclaimed him
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1229:
1218:
1139:Flying leaflets
763:
735:salesian.online
690:
680:
674:
672:and other works
640:(1853) and his
614:Mary Mazzarello
602:
525:Urbano Rattazzi
517:
472:
417:Napoleonic Wars
405:
314:street children
253:
160:
126:
124:Catholic Church
108:
104:
103:31 January 1888
84:
78:
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67:
61:
49:
44:
43:
40:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3818:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3800:Salesian Order
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
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3752:
3747:
3742:
3727:
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3316:
3310:
3308:
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3298:
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3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3257:Philip Rinaldi
3254:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3225:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3199:
3197:Józef Kowalski
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3156:
3150:
3147:Joseph Cafasso
3143:
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2944:
2943:External links
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2726:978-0810882669
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2511:Joseph Cafasso
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2496:978-0344015984
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2044:on 8 June 2010
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2014:
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1868:on 20 May 2010
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1557:"The Calendar"
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1160:Critical works
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779:
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762:
759:
747:Joseph Cafasso
676:Main article:
673:
667:
657:evangelization
634:Joseph Cafasso
601:
598:
516:
513:
471:
468:
458:, next to the
452:Joseph Cafasso
404:
401:
255:
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226:young children
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107:(aged 72)
101:
97:
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83:16 August 1815
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35:
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9:
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3277:Egidio Viganò
3275:
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3233:Rectors Major
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3216:Luigi Variara
3213:
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3200:
3198:
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3173:Dominic Savio
3170:
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3161:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:Luigi Comollo
3138:
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3018:
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3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2976:(in Italian).
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
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2946:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2916:0-89944-162-9
2912:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2887:9782906295605
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2868:0-89944-139-4
2864:
2860:
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2185:9781576073551
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2158:9781594741845
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2043:
2039:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1978:
1962:
1958:
1957:Magnificat.ca
1954:
1948:
1940:
1936:
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1693:
1686:
1680:, p. 121
1679:
1674:
1667:
1666:Morrison 1999
1662:
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1593:Newadvent.org
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1315:commemoration
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:Pope Leo XIII
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1271:Pope Pius XII
1268:
1264:
1253:
1250:book (1916);
1249:
1245:
1236:
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1201:
1198:
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1147:Il Galantuomo
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847:
844:
843:
841:
836:
835:
833:
828:
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822:
819:
818:
816:
812:“The Jubilee”
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
783:
781:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
766:
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756:
752:
751:Dominic Savio
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
725:
723:
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684:
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579:
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558:
554:
550:
547:, and called
546:
541:
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393:beatification
389:
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379:
378:
372:
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365:
362:
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353:Dominic Savio
350:
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315:
311:
307:
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102:
98:
95:
91:
87:
75:
71:
64:
60:Bosco in 1880
57:
52:
48:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
3272:Luis Ricceri
3241:
3222:Laura Vicuña
3203:Pope Pius IX
3119:
3043:
3038:
3005:
2993:
2933:
2932:id. (1969).
2925:
2906:
2896:
2877:
2858:
2825:
2815:
2808:. Retrieved
2804:the original
2798:
2789:
2773:
2769:
2764:
2760:Pope Pius IX
2750:
2746:
2742:Pope Pius IX
2716:
2692:
2671:
2657:Bibliography
2643:. Retrieved
2639:the original
2614:. Retrieved
2609:
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3745:1888 deaths
3740:1815 births
3712:Catholicism
3252:Paul Albera
3247:Michael Rua
3055:Michael Rua
2303:Butler 1999
1720:27 November
1678:Farmer 2004
1645:DiPI Online
1384:Ville-Émard
1364:(1988) and
1299:Michael Rua
1285:petitioned
691: 1887
594:Waldensians
489:Marchioness
440:Don Calosso
333:Virgin Mary
276:Piedmontese
3734:Categories
3120:John Bosco
2703:0198609493
2682:0860122522
2335:7 November
2305:, Volume I
1651:11 January
1516:References
1466:Statue in
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1307:remembered
572:minister,
361:mutual aid
296:), was an
220:publishers
191:Attributes
185:31 January
79:1815-08-16
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3700:Biography
3242:Don Bosco
3122:(Founder)
1914:cite book
1809:9 January
1484:Canlubang
1361:Don Bosco
1347:Don Bosco
1291:magicians
1267:beatified
650:Patagonia
630:Argentina
533:Sardinian
527:. He was
493:catechism
399:in 1934.
357:canonized
284:Don Bosco
229:magicians
207:Patronage
148:Canonized
135:Beatified
3314:Valdocco
3142:(Friend)
3136:(Mentor)
3115:(Patron)
3017:LibriVox
2645:7 August
2539:15 April
2515:hometown
2470:Elledici
2453:15 April
2386:15 April
2290:Medioevo
1939:BBC News
1380:Montreal
1327:Brasília
553:Voltaire
549:Rousseau
501:Memoires
464:ordained
382:Bulletin
245:Brasília
223:students
90:Piedmont
3674:Portals
3390:Schools
2663:General
2616:28 June
2585:28 June
2560:15 July
2247:12 July
1967:9 March
1783:9 March
1641:"Bosco"
1598:29 June
1566:19 July
1538:29 June
1442:, Spain
1426:, Italy
1376:Quilmes
1372:borough
1313:with a
1309:in the
1252:(right)
618:Mornese
487:by the
268:Italian
217:editors
200:Biretta
196:Cassock
175:, Italy
154:Pius XI
141:Pius XI
3688:Saints
3329:Groups
3306:Places
3104:People
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2048:30 May
1872:17 May
1468:Makati
1386:area.
1244:(left)
1205:(1999)
1199:(1984)
1180:(1881)
1174:(1877)
456:Chieri
444:priest
380:. The
249:Brazil
163:shrine
161:Major
3724:Italy
3357:Other
3125:Ven.
2768:[
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1440:Ronda
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1104:1883
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1069:1874
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2911:ISBN
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2830:ISBN
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