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in
Dorchester to relieve the overcrowding instead, could now be held by a court to be deliberate acts of segregation. Pursuant to the Racial Imbalance Act, the state conducted a racial census and found 55 imbalanced schools in the state with 46 in Boston, and in October 1965, the State Board required
1023:
In April 1966, the State Board found the plan inadequate and voted to rescind state aid to the district, and in response, the School
Committee filed a lawsuit against the State Board challenging both the decision and the constitutionality of the Racial Imbalance Act the following August. In January
1028:
overturned a
Suffolk Superior Court ruling that the State Board had improperly withdrawn the funds and ordered the School Committee to submit an acceptable plan to the State Board within 90 days or else permanently lose funding, which the School Committee did shortly thereafter and the State Board
1090:
During his tenure, Volpe abandoned previous positions supportive of unfettered highway construction, instead pushing for a more balanced approach to the nation's transportation infrastructure. He was notably instrumental in effectively ending attempts to revive Boston's failed
1230:
John
Anthony Volpe, a former Governor of Massachusetts, Ambassador to Italy and United States Secretary of Transportation, died on Friday night. He was 85 and lived in Nahunt, Mass. The Nahant police attributed his death to natural causes.
992:. Volpe filed a request for legislation from the state legislature that defined schools with nonwhite enrollments greater than 50 percent to be imbalanced and granted the State Board of Education the power to withhold state funds from any
1145:, a position he held until 1977. Volpe was snubbed by elements of the Italian elite/political establishment, due to his roots in southern Italy, and he upset leftist elements by making strong statements against the inclusion of the
897:
laws, and increase public housing for low-income families. Governor Volpe also raised revenues, engaging in a long and ultimately successful fight to institute a three percent state sales tax. He served as president of the
929:
Owen
Kiernan released its final report finding that more than half of black students enrolled in Boston Public Schools (BPS) attended institutions with enrollments that were at least 80 percent black and that
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Supportive of civil rights for
African-Americans, Volpe saw the discrimination of African-Americans as similar to his own experience with discrimination due to his Italian ancestry.
1107:
was established during his time in office. An avid cyclist who biked to work on a folding bike, he used his position - and the energy crisis - to encourage more
Americans to bike.
1103:
and marked a substantial victory for preservationists, who were able to convince Volpe that an expressway that cut the
Quarter off from the riverfront would have been disastrous.
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1047:" candidate in the Massachusetts Republican presidential primary. Though he was the only person on the ballot, he was defeated by a spontaneous write-in campaign for
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defeated
Peabody for the Democratic nomination for governor. Despite the Democratic landslide nationwide that year, Volpe defeated Bellotti in a close race. In
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Volpe had a long and abiding interest in the homeland of his parents, and visited it many times. In 1969, he was awarded the Knight Grand Cross of the
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737:) in Boston where he majored in architectural construction and entered the construction business, building his own firm in 1930. By the outbreak of
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project, which he had promoted as highway administrator. Likewise, Volpe's 1969 decision to kill the proposed
Riverfront Expressway saved
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in 1962 that required all federal agencies to prevent racial discrimination in federally-funded subsidized housing in the United States.
970:
868:, Volpe ran again for governor and was able to capitalize on disarray within the Massachusetts Democratic Party when Lieutenant Governor
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In 1934, Volpe married Giovannina Benedetto, with whom he had two children, John Anthony, Jr. and Loretta Jean Volpe Rotondi. During
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several hundred black students from Roxbury and North Dorchester from three overcrowded schools to nearby schools in Dorchester and
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that was found to have racial imbalance, which Volpe would sign into law the following August. Also in August 1965, along with
1059:'s decision concerning a running mate; he was considered acceptable to most wings of the party, but Nixon ultimately selected
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1007:, Volpe opposed and warned the Boston School Committee that a vote that they held that month to abandon a proposal to
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1990:
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670:; December 8, 1908 – November 11, 1994) was an American businessman, diplomat, and politician from
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training officer, enlisting with the rank of lieutenant commander. He was a Knight of Malta and a member of the
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the School Committee to submit a desegregation plan, which the School Committee did the following December.
690:
from 1973 to 1977. As Secretary of Transportation, Volpe was an important figure in the development of the
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The University of Massachusetts Medical School, A History: Integrating Primary Care and Biomedical Research
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in its government. He was accused by the Italian Communist press of being "neo-Fascist" for his views.
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1299:(second ed.). Norwood, Massachusetts: Knights of Columbus Massachusetts State Council. p. 88.
674:. A son of Italian immigrants, he founded and owned a large construction firm. Politically, he was a
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1994:
1087:. He resigned as governor to assume the cabinet post, and served in that position from 1969 to 1973.
915:
907:
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691:
679:
209:
860:, Volpe was narrowly defeated for reelection, losing to former Governor's Councillor and JFK friend
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Volpe in a group photo of Nixon's cabinet on June 16, 1972, second from the left on the bottom row.
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1763:"Why idyllic Claiborne Avenue was undone by expressway, but planned French Quarter highway died"
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876:, Volpe was elected to the first four-year term in Massachusetts history, defeating former
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Driscoll Jr., Edgar (November 12, 1994). "John Volpe, former Mass. Governor, Dead At 85".
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2018:
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in Wakefield. Volpe's papers are stored in the Archives and Special Collections of the
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since at least 1941 and continued to do so despite the passage of legislation by the
235:
1793:, vol. 274, no. 11, New York: Dodge Data & Analytics, pp. 42–56,
1275:
1161:, on November 11, 1994, at the age of 85. He was buried at Forest Glade Cemetery in
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Volpe's first political post was in 1951, when he served as the deputy chair of the
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During his administrations, Volpe signed legislation to ban racial imbalances in
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The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America
1462:
The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America
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Volpe was the second to serve in this role following the position becoming a
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93:
73:
1037:(1953–1969) declined to hear the School Committee's appeal in January 1968.
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was named in his memory, as well as the Governor John A. Volpe Library at
792:. In this position he oversaw the early phases of the development of the
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1314:. Worcester, MA: University of Massachusetts Medical School. p. 16.
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in the city had caused the racial imbalance. From its creation under the
77:
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Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s
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Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s
1617:
Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s
1559:
Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s
1425:
Boston Against Busing: Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s
594:
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1963:
1396:
The Death of an American Jewish Community: A Tragedy of Good Intentions
1338:
The Death of an American Jewish Community: A Tragedy of Good Intentions
1319:
988:
filed a lawsuit in federal district court against the city seeking the
727:
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From the Puritans to the Projects: Public Housing and Public Neighbors
710:
immigrants Vito and Filomena (née Benedetto) Volpe, who had come from
4473:
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3083:
1331:
1329:
1137:
In 1973, Volpe was nominated by President Nixon and confirmed by the
902:
from 1967 to 1968. In 1962, Volpe signed into law the bill passed by
886:
20:
37:
1787:
Lewis, Scott (April 20, 2015), "ENR Marks 50 Years of Excellence",
1719:
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1326:
1055:. Volpe endorsed Richard Nixon. Volpe was one of the finalists in
918:, after which King delivered an address to a joint session of the
5649:
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1389:
1387:
1033:
upheld the constitutionality of the Racial Imbalance Act and the
715:
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1967:
1214:"John A. Volpe, Nixon Supporter And Massachusetts Governor, 85"
1104:
757:
608:
1384:
1370:
Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
4069:
985:
733:
Volpe attended the Wentworth Institute (later known as the
654:
645:
5786:
Candidates in the 1968 United States presidential election
741:, it was one of the USA's leading construction companies.
984:
In response to the report, on April 20, 1965, the Boston
973:
or segregation in housing in 1950 and the issuance of
910:. On April 22, 1965, Volpe received a visit from Rev.
730:
in 1905; his father was in the construction business.
5801:
Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
678:
in increasingly Democratic Massachusetts, serving as
663:
5806:
Administrators of the Federal Highway Administration
1170:
John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center
651:
648:
642:
1483:
1449:
1211:
925:On April 1, 1965, a special committee appointed by
639:
1921:Interstate: Highway Politics and Policy Since 1939
1897:
1874:
1035:U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren
1877:Mission Italy: On the Front Lines of the Cold War
1083:rewarded Volpe for his support by appointing him
5707:
1517:
1122:for his service as Secretary of Transportation.
4662:Director of the Office of Management and Budget
1608:
1294:
856:. He served as governor from 1961 to 1963. In
2354:
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4805:
4203:
3740:
3156:
2340:
2188:
5741:United States Navy personnel of World War II
1393:
1335:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
799:
784:, and in 1956 he was appointed by President
335:October 22, 1956 – February 5, 1957
126:January 22, 1969 – February 2, 1973
16:American politician and diplomat (1908–1994)
5821:Massachusetts Commissioners of Public Works
5791:United States secretaries of transportation
5751:Republican Party governors of Massachusetts
5422:Engineering News-Record Award of Excellence
4547:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
2204:United States Secretaries of Transportation
851:Massachusetts Secretary of the Commonwealth
697:
682:from 1961 to 1963 and 1965 to 1969, as the
222:January 7, 1965 – January 22, 1969
5776:State cabinet secretaries of Massachusetts
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4578:Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
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2195:
2181:
1900:John Volpe, The Life of An Immigrant's Son
1760:
1043:In 1968, Volpe stood unsuccessfully as a "
990:desegregation of the city's public schools
908:University of Massachusetts Medical School
782:Massachusetts Commissioner of Public Works
375:Massachusetts Commissioner of Public Works
278:January 5, 1961 – January 3, 1963
36:
5731:Ambassadors of the United States to Italy
5134:
2123:United States Secretary of Transportation
1937:
1853:
1680:
1647:
1614:
1556:
1489:
1455:
1422:
1394:Levine, Hillel; Harmon, Lawrence (1992).
1336:Levine, Hillel; Harmon, Lawrence (1992).
1245:
1212:Jennifer Steinhauer (November 13, 1994).
767:
753:, he volunteered to serve stateside as a
684:United States Secretary of Transportation
387:February 1953 – October 22, 1956
179:October 16, 1967 – July 21, 1968
114:United States Secretary of Transportation
65:March 6, 1973 – January 24, 1977
5796:Wentworth Institute of Technology alumni
4826:1968 United States presidential election
1918:
1297:The Knights of Columbus in Massachusetts
1070:
803:
1895:
1872:
702:Volpe was born on December 8, 1908, in
5771:Politicians from Malden, Massachusetts
5708:
1207:
1205:
1132:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1125:
5756:Military personnel from Massachusetts
5394:
5176:
4793:
4634:
4237:
4191:
3728:
3144:
2328:
2176:
1940:Election Year 1968: The Turning Point
1269:
5766:People from Wakefield, Massachusetts
5761:Nixon administration cabinet members
4643:Director of the Bureau of the Budget
1919:Rose, Mark H; Mohl, Raymond (2012).
1761:Campanella, Richard (9 April 2021).
1715:"Volpe might have stopped Watergate"
1523:
1309:
1295:Lapomarda, S.J., Vincent A. (1992).
1031:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
927:Massachusetts Education Commissioner
5811:Eisenhower administration personnel
1202:
1152:
1003:(1960–1968) and BPS Superintendent
829:1967–1968 Massachusetts legislature
825:1965–1966 Massachusetts legislature
821:1961–1962 Massachusetts legislature
13:
5736:American people of Italian descent
3763:United States Ambassadors to Italy
1691:University of North Carolina Press
1658:University of North Carolina Press
1625:University of North Carolina Press
1595:University of Massachusetts Boston
1591:"The Racial Imbalance Act of 1965"
1567:University of North Carolina Press
1433:University of North Carolina Press
1079:Following the election, President
837:Boston desegregation busing crisis
788:as the first administrator of the
14:
5832:
5726:20th-century American politicians
4635:
2155:United States Ambassador to Italy
1957:
1923:. University of Tennessee Press.
1840:- Northeastern University Library
1366:Because It Is Right Educationally
1285:, US Department of Transportation
1143:United States Ambassador to Italy
967:156th Massachusetts General Court
920:164th Massachusetts General Court
904:162nd Massachusetts General Court
735:Wentworth Institute of Technology
688:United States Ambassador to Italy
528:Wentworth Institute of Technology
53:United States Ambassador to Italy
4693:Ambassador to the United Nations
4275:
3766:
3756:
2479:
2313:
1858:. Cambridge Scholars Publisher.
1501:Liveright Publishing Corporation
1467:Liveright Publishing Corporation
1192:is also dedicated in his honor.
744:
635:
593:
568:
550:
5816:20th-century American diplomats
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1780:
1754:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1707:
1674:
1641:
1583:
1550:
1416:
961:actively segregated the city's
505:
3173:National Governors Association
2096:National Governors Association
1681:Formisano, Ronald P. (2004) .
1648:Formisano, Ronald P. (2004) .
1615:Formisano, Ronald P. (2004) .
1557:Formisano, Ronald P. (2004) .
1423:Formisano, Ronald P. (2004) .
1358:
1303:
1288:
1236:
944:Federal Housing Administration
900:National Governors Association
878:Massachusetts Attorney General
833:School desegregation in Boston
790:Federal Highway Administration
774:Massachusetts Republican Party
686:from 1969 to 1973, and as the
319:Federal Highway Administration
167:National Governors Association
1:
3131:indicate acting officeholders
1195:
1114:appointment. He received the
953:policy explicitly to prevent
938:signed into law by President
5566:Sherry Plaster Carter (1996)
5524:William B. Derrickson (1984)
1881:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1029:accepted. In June 1967, the
1026:Massachusetts Superior Court
1015:, and purchase an abandoned
994:school district in the state
936:National Housing Act of 1934
7:
5781:United States Navy officers
4603:Secretary of Transportation
4238:
3780:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
1854:Fornasier, Roberto (2013).
1190:Logan International Airport
1085:Secretary of Transportation
1067:Secretary of Transportation
963:public housing developments
10:
5837:
5592:Charles H. Thornton (2001)
5435:Lyman Dwight Wilbur (1966)
5127:American Independent Party
4724:Counselor to the President
4273:
2356:Governors of Massachusetts
1938:Wainstock, Dennis (2013).
1896:Kilgore, Kathleen (1987).
1847:
1786:
1751:Rose and Mohl, pp. 154-157
1524:Vale, Lawrence J. (2000).
1276:"Biography: John A. Volpe"
818:
680:its 61st and 63rd Governor
18:
5683:
5585:
5578:Robert M. Thompson (2000)
5569:Robert A. Tinstman (1997)
5505:
5492:Wallace L. Chawick (1978)
5428:
5361:
5322:
5293:
5272:
5251:
5222:
5193:
5172:
5125:
5003:
4978:
4969:
4864:
4846:
4837:
4722:
4691:
4660:
4641:
4630:
4601:
4576:
4545:
4514:
4483:
4458:
4435:Secretary of the Interior
4433:
4414:
4377:
4346:
4311:Secretary of the Treasury
4309:
4284:
4244:
4233:
4077:
4066:
3966:
3928:
3917:
3901:
3860:
3849:
3828:
3787:
3776:
3179:
3124:
2686:
2520:
2488:
2477:
2362:
2311:
2210:
2161:
2152:
2144:
2139:
2129:
2120:
2112:
2102:
2092:
2084:
2074:
2068:Governor of Massachusetts
2065:
2057:
2047:
2041:Governor of Massachusetts
2038:
2030:
2025:
2015:
1995:Governor of Massachusetts
1988:
1980:
1975:
1873:Gardner, Richard (2005).
1810:Fornasier, pp. xvii-xviii
916:Massachusetts State House
889:, reorganize the state's
847:Governor of Massachusetts
800:Governor of Massachusetts
794:Interstate Highway System
692:Interstate Highway System
624:
614:
604:
589:
581:
563:
545:
540:
523:
515:
489:
479:
460:
434:
429:
425:
413:
401:
391:
380:
373:
361:
349:
339:
328:
316:
306:
294:
282:
271:
261:
249:
226:
215:
210:Governor of Massachusetts
207:
195:
183:
172:
164:
152:
140:
130:
119:
111:
99:
87:
69:
58:
51:
47:
35:
28:
5746:Burials in Massachusetts
5610:Lewis E. Link Jr. (2007)
5563:Michael Virlogeux (1995)
5477:Saul Horowitz Jr. (1975)
4460:Secretary of Agriculture
4078:Ambassador Extraordinary
3967:Ambassador Extraordinary
3931:Minister Plenipotentiary
1976:Party political offices
1534:Harvard University Press
1163:Wakefield, Massachusetts
959:Boston Housing Authority
881:Edward J. McCormack, Jr.
704:Wakefield, Massachusetts
698:Early life and education
453:Wakefield, Massachusetts
289:Edward F. McLaughlin Jr.
19:Not to be confused with
5572:Dennis G. Majors (1998)
5521:Charles D. Brown (1983)
5518:Thomas D. Larson (1982)
5447:Ezra Ehrenkrantz (1969)
5295:Socialist Workers Party
5242:Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd
5224:Peace and Freedom Party
4738:Daniel Patrick Moynihan
3929:Envoy Extraordinary and
1828:Fornasier, pp. 124, 226
1790:Engineering News-Record
1310:More, Ellen S. (2012).
1182:Northeastern University
1147:Italian Communist Party
1120:Engineering News-Record
5607:Dwayne McAninch (2006)
5575:John G. Voeller (1999)
5560:Ginger S. Evans (1994)
5545:Vitelmo Bertero (1990)
5536:James W. Poirot (1988)
5530:Marwan M. Sadat (1986)
5498:J. Robert Fluor (1980)
5438:Vinton W. Bacon (1967)
1856:The Dove and the Eagle
1742:Wainstock, pp. 115-116
1184:Libraries, in Boston.
1076:
1005:William H. Ohrenberger
912:Martin Luther King Jr.
816:
768:Early political career
694:at the federal level.
356:Charles Dwight Curtiss
5640:Wayne E. Jones (2013)
5598:Kathi Littmann (2003)
5595:Michael Burton (2002)
5533:John W. Fisher (1987)
5274:Socialist Labor Party
4485:Secretary of Commerce
1178:Wakefield High School
1159:Nahant, Massachusetts
1074:
1053:Nelson A. Rockefeller
975:Executive Order 11063
971:racial discrimination
940:Franklin D. Roosevelt
906:that established the
807:
776:. In 1953, Governor
582:Years of service
473:Nahant, Massachusetts
317:Administrator of the
5673:Vicki O'Leary (2019)
5631:Jeffrey Baker (2011)
5495:H. Edgar Lore (1979)
5366:Other 1968 elections
5326:and other candidates
5103:Channing E. Phillips
4935:Winthrop Rockefeller
4368:James R. Schlesinger
4348:Secretary of Defense
1838:John A. Volpe Papers
1536:. pp. 301–320.
1402:. pp. 212–213.
1372:. 1965. p. viii
1139:United States Senate
955:school desegregation
845:, Volpe was elected
786:Dwight D. Eisenhower
706:. He was the son of
599:Lieutenant Commander
495:Giovannina Benedetto
344:Dwight D. Eisenhower
5601:Gregg Martin (2004)
5557:Leo P. Duffy (1993)
5554:Terry Farley (1992)
5540:Leslie E. Robertson
5472:Stephen Bechtel Jr.
4393:Richard Kleindienst
4080:and Plenipotentiary
4052:(chargé d'affaires)
3969:and Plenipotentiary
3853:Kingdom of Sardinia
1126:Ambassador to Italy
1116:Award of Excellence
932:housing segregation
870:Francis X. Bellotti
762:Knights of Columbus
408:William F. Callahan
5676:Chris Liban (2020)
5614:Clyde N. Baker Jr.
5604:Joe Maloney (2005)
5527:James Rouse (1985)
5460:Fazlur Rahman Khan
4930:Nelson Rockefeller
4516:Secretary of Labor
4468:Clifford M. Hardin
4416:Postmaster General
4286:Secretary of State
2740:Governor's Council
2650:Governor's Council
2571:Governor's Council
2559:Governor's Council
2165:Richard N. Gardner
2078:Francis W. Sargent
2026:Political offices
2019:Francis W. Sargent
1569:. pp. 35–36.
1503:. pp. 25–26.
1491:Rothstein, Richard
1469:. pp. 64–67.
1457:Rothstein, Richard
1320:10.13028/e2m6-hs02
1281:2012-11-22 at the
1242:Kilgore, pp. 19-20
1077:
948:mortgage insurance
946:used its official
891:Board of Education
817:
780:appointed him the
755:United States Navy
631:John Anthony Volpe
576:United States Navy
439:John Anthony Volpe
368:Bertram D. Tallamy
208:61st and 63rd
106:Richard N. Gardner
5703:
5702:
5690:Jim Ansara (2021)
5656:Jason F. McLennan
5644:Stephen Selkowitz
5388:
5387:
5357:
5356:
5284:Henning A. Blomen
5253:Prohibition Party
5205:Charlene Mitchell
5168:
5167:
5121:
5120:
5064:Robert F. Kennedy
5054:Lyndon B. Johnson
5044:John G. Crommelin
5039:Roger D. Branigin
5036:Other candidates:
4965:
4964:
4897:Other candidates:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4762:Anne L. Armstrong
4707:George H. W. Bush
4676:Caspar Weinberger
4626:
4625:
4592:James Thomas Lynn
4567:Caspar Weinberger
4561:Elliot Richardson
4530:James Day Hodgson
4505:Frederick B. Dent
4499:Peter G. Peterson
4399:Elliot Richardson
4362:Elliot Richardson
4294:William P. Rogers
4185:
4184:
4054:
3902:Minister Resident
3861:Chargé d'Affaires
3829:Minister Resident
3788:Chargé d'Affaires
3722:
3721:
3138:
3137:
2322:
2321:
2171:
2170:
2162:Succeeded by
2140:Diplomatic posts
2130:Succeeded by
2103:Succeeded by
2075:Succeeded by
2048:Succeeded by
2016:Succeeded by
628:
627:
465:November 11, 1994
236:Elliot Richardson
5828:
5481:Frank Moolin Jr.
5466:J. Leon Altemose
5456:Ray Monti (1971)
5442:Edgar Kaiser, Sr
5415:
5408:
5401:
5392:
5391:
5234:Eldridge Cleaver
5213:Michael Zagarell
5174:
5173:
5132:
5131:
5113:Stephen M. Young
4976:
4975:
4971:Democratic Party
4940:George W. Romney
4905:Clifford P. Case
4844:
4843:
4839:Republican Party
4814:
4807:
4800:
4791:
4790:
4632:
4631:
4586:George W. Romney
4536:Peter J. Brennan
4424:Winton M. Blount
4405:William B. Saxbe
4387:John N. Mitchell
4379:Attorney General
4337:William E. Simon
4319:David M. Kennedy
4279:
4278:
4235:
4234:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4189:
4188:
4070:Italian Republic
4050:
3921:Kingdom of Italy
3771:
3770:
3769:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3726:
3725:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3142:
3141:
2692:
2526:
2494:
2483:
2482:
2368:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2174:
2173:
2145:Preceded by
2113:Preceded by
2106:Buford Ellington
2085:Preceded by
2061:Endicott Peabody
2058:Preceded by
2051:Endicott Peabody
2031:Preceded by
1981:Preceded by
1973:
1972:
1953:
1942:. Enigma Books.
1934:
1915:
1904:. Yankee Books.
1903:
1892:
1880:
1869:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1733:Wainstock, p. 94
1731:
1725:
1724:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1554:
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1547:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1487:
1481:
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1453:
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1420:
1414:
1413:
1391:
1382:
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1362:
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1333:
1324:
1323:
1307:
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1300:
1292:
1286:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1209:
1153:Death and legacy
1057:Richard M. Nixon
862:Endicott Peabody
778:Christian Herter
666:
661:
660:
657:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
597:
574:
572:
571:
556:
554:
553:
541:Military service
536:
509:
507:
470:
468:
456:
449:December 8, 1908
448:
446:
430:Personal details
420:Carl A. Sheridan
416:
404:
396:Christian Herter
385:
364:
352:
333:
324:
312:Endicott Peabody
309:
297:
276:
264:
256:Endicott Peabody
252:
220:
202:Buford Ellington
198:
186:
177:
155:
143:
124:
102:
90:
63:
40:
26:
25:
5836:
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5831:
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5827:
5826:
5825:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5699:
5679:
5581:
5501:
5424:
5419:
5389:
5384:
5353:
5318:
5289:
5268:
5247:
5218:
5195:Communist Party
5189:
5164:
5117:
5108:George Smathers
5093:George McGovern
5081:Eugene McCarthy
5076:Thomas C. Lynch
5013:Hubert Humphrey
4999:
4961:
4860:
4833:
4818:
4788:
4779:
4756:Donald Rumsfeld
4732:Arthur F. Burns
4718:
4687:
4656:
4637:
4622:
4617:Claude Brinegar
4597:
4572:
4541:
4510:
4479:
4454:
4429:
4410:
4373:
4342:
4305:
4300:Henry Kissinger
4280:
4276:
4271:
4240:
4229:
4216:
4186:
4181:
4079:
4073:
4062:
3968:
3962:
3930:
3924:
3913:
3897:
3856:
3845:
3824:
3783:
3772:
3767:
3765:
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3723:
3718:
3175:
3169:
3139:
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3120:
2690:
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2682:
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2491:
2484:
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2365:
2358:
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2323:
2318:
2309:
2206:
2201:
2167:
2158:
2150:
2135:
2133:Claude Brinegar
2126:
2118:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2080:
2071:
2063:
2053:
2044:
2036:
2021:
1998:
1986:
1984:Charles Gibbons
1960:
1950:
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1889:
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1728:
1713:
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1708:
1701:
1687:Chapel Hill, NC
1679:
1675:
1668:
1654:Chapel Hill, NC
1646:
1642:
1635:
1621:Chapel Hill, NC
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1563:Chapel Hill, NC
1555:
1551:
1544:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1429:Chapel Hill, NC
1421:
1417:
1410:
1392:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1334:
1327:
1308:
1304:
1293:
1289:
1283:Wayback Machine
1274:
1270:
1259:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1224:
1222:
1210:
1203:
1198:
1155:
1128:
1069:
1001:John F. Collins
979:John F. Kennedy
839:
813:John F. Collins
802:
770:
747:
712:Pescosansonesco
700:
664:
638:
634:
569:
567:
551:
549:
530:
511:
508: 1934)
503:
499:
496:
480:Political party
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5620:Bernard Amadei
5617:
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5519:
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5513:Robert A. Boyd
5509:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:John W. Morris
5484:
5478:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5454:
5448:
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5297:
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5288:
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5276:
5270:
5269:
5267:
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5263:E. Harold Munn
5257:
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5237:
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5190:
5170:
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5144:George Wallace
5138:
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5049:Paul C. Fisher
5046:
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5001:
5000:
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4992:
4991:
4990:
4979:
4973:
4967:
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4960:
4959:
4954:
4952:Harold Stassen
4949:
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4704:
4697:
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4689:
4688:
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4679:
4673:
4666:
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4651:Robert P. Mayo
4647:
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4246:Vice President
4242:
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1700:978-0807855263
1699:
1693:. p. 46.
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1660:. p. 45.
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1627:. p. 37.
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1510:978-1631494536
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1442:978-0807855263
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1435:. p. 34.
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1344:. p. 85.
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5451:John A. Volpe
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5380:Gubernatorial
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5309:
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4874:Richard Nixon
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3166:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
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3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
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2907:
2905:
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2897:
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2887:
2885:
2884:
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2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
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2850:
2848:
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2840:
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2835:
2833:
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2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
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2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
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2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
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2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
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2754:
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2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2688:Commonwealth
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
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2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
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2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2316:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2198:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2148:Graham Martin
2143:
2138:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2094:Chair of the
2089:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1949:9781936274413
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1930:9781572337831
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1911:9780899091211
1907:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1890:
1888:9780742539983
1884:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1865:9781443844833
1861:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1839:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1807:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1710:
1702:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1578:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1530:Cambridge, MA
1527:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1419:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1264:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1239:
1232:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1118:in 1970 from
1117:
1113:
1112:Cabinet-level
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1017:Hebrew school
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
977:by President
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
895:birth control
893:, liberalize
892:
888:
883:
882:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
852:
848:
844:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
814:
811:
806:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
765:
763:
759:
756:
752:
745:Personal life
742:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:Massachusetts
669:
668:
659:
632:
623:
620:
617:
613:
610:
607:
603:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
577:
566:
562:
559:
558:United States
548:
544:
539:
534:
529:
526:
522:
518:
514:
492:
488:
485:
482:
478:
474:
463:
459:
454:
437:
433:
428:
424:
421:
418:
412:
409:
406:
400:
397:
394:
390:
384:
379:
376:
372:
369:
366:
360:
357:
354:
348:
345:
342:
338:
332:
327:
320:
315:
311:
305:
302:
299:
293:
290:
287:
285:
281:
275:
270:
266:
260:
257:
254:
248:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
231:
229:
225:
219:
214:
211:
206:
203:
200:
194:
191:
188:
182:
176:
171:
168:
165:Chair of the
163:
160:
157:
151:
148:
145:
139:
136:
135:Richard Nixon
133:
129:
123:
118:
115:
110:
107:
104:
98:
95:
94:Graham Martin
92:
86:
83:
79:
75:
74:Richard Nixon
72:
68:
62:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:Volpe in 1970
39:
34:
27:
22:
5694:Kit Miyamoto
5684:2021-present
5662:Marc Edwards
5626:John Hillman
5450:
5365:
5346:
5339:
5334:Dick Gregory
5332:
5324:Independents
5311:VP nominee:
5310:
5302:
5281:
5260:
5240:VP nominee:
5239:
5231:
5211:VP nominee:
5210:
5202:
5159:Curtis LeMay
5157:VP nominee:
5156:
5141:
5098:Dan K. Moore
5035:
5026:VP nominee:
5025:
5010:
4956:
4915:John Lindsay
4896:
4887:VP nominee:
4886:
4871:
4774:Kenneth Rush
4750:Robert Finch
4744:Bryce Harlow
4701:Charles Yost
4610:
4555:Robert Finch
4443:Wally Hickel
4356:Melvin Laird
4259:
4121:
4068:
4051:
4045:
3919:
3851:
3778:
3669:Hickenlooper
3423:
3128:
3093:
3058:
3048:
2881:
2804:
2787:
2755:
2738:
2731:
2704:
2691:(since 1776)
2660:
2648:
2641:
2629:
2612:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2550:
2538:
2219:
2153:
2121:
2093:
2066:
2039:
1993:nominee for
1989:
1939:
1920:
1899:
1876:
1855:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1788:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1718:
1709:
1682:
1676:
1649:
1643:
1616:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1585:
1558:
1552:
1525:
1519:
1499:. New York:
1495:
1485:
1465:. New York:
1461:
1451:
1424:
1418:
1398:. New York:
1395:
1374:. Retrieved
1360:
1340:. New York:
1337:
1311:
1305:
1296:
1290:
1271:
1263:Boston Globe
1262:
1238:
1229:
1223:. Retrieved
1217:
1167:
1156:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:'s historic
1089:
1078:
1045:favorite son
1042:
1039:
1022:
998:Boston Mayor
983:
969:prohibiting
957:, while the
951:underwriting
924:
884:
849:, defeating
840:
815:(1960–1968).
810:Boston Mayor
771:
751:World War II
748:
739:World War II
732:
701:
630:
629:
619:World War II
615:Battles/wars
467:(1994-11-11)
415:Succeeded by
382:
363:Succeeded by
330:
308:Succeeded by
273:
263:Succeeded by
217:
197:Succeeded by
174:
154:Succeeded by
121:
101:Succeeded by
82:Jimmy Carter
60:
5721:1994 deaths
5716:1908 births
5549:Jack Lemley
5341:Pat Paulsen
5184:independent
5180:third party
4889:Spiro Agnew
4764:(1973–1974)
4758:(1970–1971)
4752:(1970–1972)
4746:(1969–1970)
4740:(1969–1970)
4715:(1973–1974)
4709:(1971–1973)
4703:(1969–1971)
4684:(1973–1974)
4678:(1972–1973)
4672:(1970–1972)
4653:(1969–1970)
4619:(1973–1974)
4613:(1969–1973)
4594:(1973–1974)
4588:(1969–1973)
4569:(1973–1974)
4563:(1970–1973)
4557:(1969–1970)
4538:(1973–1974)
4532:(1970–1973)
4526:(1969–1970)
4507:(1973–1974)
4501:(1972–1973)
4495:(1969–1972)
4476:(1971–1974)
4470:(1969–1971)
4451:(1971–1974)
4445:(1969–1970)
4426:(1969–1971)
4395:(1972–1973)
4389:(1969–1972)
4370:(1973–1974)
4358:(1969–1973)
4333:(1972–1974)
4327:(1971–1972)
4321:(1969–1971)
4302:(1973–1974)
4296:(1969–1973)
4268:(1973–1974)
4266:Gerald Ford
4256:(1969–1973)
4254:Spiro Agnew
4228:(1969–1974)
4167:J. Phillips
4142:Bartholomew
4041:W. Phillips
3569:T. Thompson
3509:J. Thompson
3299:Saltonstall
3019:Saltonstall
2877:W. Washburn
2847:E. Washburn
2795:Lincoln Jr.
2757:Lincoln Sr.
2525:(1692–1776)
2493:(1686–1689)
2367:(1629–1686)
2240:Goldschmidt
1964:Appearances
1097:New Orleans
1061:Spiro Agnew
808:Volpe with
403:Preceded by
351:Preceded by
296:Preceded by
251:Preceded by
185:Preceded by
142:Preceded by
89:Preceded by
78:Gerald Ford
5710:Categories
5187:candidates
5135:Candidates
5004:Candidates
4983:Convention
4925:Jim Rhodes
4910:Hiram Fong
4865:Candidates
4851:Convention
4768:Dean Burch
4102:Zellerbach
3704:Hutchinson
3624:Napolitano
3609:Kempthorne
3594:Glendening
3284:Vanderbilt
3209:Harrington
2934:Greenhalge
2673:Hutchinson
2662:Hutchinson
2512:Bradstreet
2471:Bradstreet
2461:Bellingham
2451:Bellingham
2411:Bellingham
2159:1973–1977
2127:1969–1973
2100:1967–1968
2072:1965–1969
2045:1961–1963
1991:Republican
1400:Free Press
1368:(Report).
1342:Free Press
1225:2014-11-11
1196:References
1186:Terminal E
1093:Inner Belt
1024:1967, the
819:See also:
728:SS Canopic
676:Republican
546:Allegiance
484:Republican
445:1908-12-08
284:Lieutenant
228:Lieutenant
30:John Volpe
5586:2001–2020
5506:1981–2000
5429:1966–1980
5303:Nominee:
5282:Nominee:
5261:Nominee:
5232:Nominee:
5203:Nominee:
5142:Nominee:
5058:incumbent
5011:Nominee:
4995:Primaries
4872:Nominee:
4856:Primaries
4474:Earl Butz
4223:President
4172:Eisenberg
4147:Foglietta
4107:Reinhardt
4047:Wadsworth
3878:Wickliffe
3679:McAuliffe
3579:Voinovich
3519:Alexander
3429:Ellington
3399:Rosellini
3389:McNichols
2806:Armstrong
2577:J. Dudley
2565:J. Dudley
2552:Stoughton
2546:Bellomont
2540:Stoughton
2522:Province
2502:J. Dudley
2490:Dominion
2441:T. Dudley
2426:T. Dudley
2406:T. Dudley
2386:T. Dudley
2305:Buttigieg
2116:Alan Boyd
1799:0891-9526
1174:Cambridge
1063:instead.
1051:Governor
887:education
724:North End
585:1942–1946
524:Education
383:In office
340:President
331:In office
274:In office
218:In office
175:In office
147:Alan Boyd
131:President
122:In office
70:President
61:In office
21:Jon Volpe
5150:campaign
5086:campaign
5069:campaign
5019:campaign
4988:protests
4945:campaign
4880:campaign
4026:Fletcher
4001:Leishman
3976:MacVeagh
3841:Chandler
3805:Boulware
3684:Sandoval
3654:Heineman
3649:Gregoire
3629:Pawlenty
3619:Huckabee
3559:Campbell
3549:Ashcroft
3539:Branstad
3504:Matheson
3499:Snelling
3479:Milliken
3404:Anderson
3374:Stratton
3354:Thornton
3344:Peterson
3319:Hildreth
3314:Caldwell
3239:McMullen
3234:Brewster
3189:McGovern
3089:Cellucci
3029:Bradford
2984:Coolidge
2924:Brackett
2914:Robinson
2842:Clifford
2837:Boutwell
2751:Sullivan
2643:S. Phips
2631:S. Phips
2534:W. Phips
2466:Leverett
2456:Endecott
2446:Endecott
2436:Endecott
2431:Winthrop
2421:Endecott
2416:Winthrop
2401:Winthrop
2381:Winthrop
2376:Endecott
2225:Brinegar
1772:12 April
1767:nola.com
1720:Politico
1600:April 3,
1493:(2017).
1459:(2017).
1376:April 3,
1279:Archived
1049:New York
1013:Brighton
516:Children
392:Governor
5650:HT Tran
5348:Pigasus
4682:Roy Ash
4239:Cabinet
4219:Cabinet
4177:Markell
4152:Sembler
4137:Secchia
4127:Gardner
4031:Garrett
4016:Johnson
4006:O'Brien
3996:Griscom
3689:Bullock
3674:Herbert
3659:Markell
3644:Manchin
3639:Douglas
3634:Rendell
3589:Leavitt
3544:Gardner
3534:Baliles
3524:Clinton
3484:Carroll
3459:Rampton
3439:Hearnes
3379:Collins
3369:Stanley
3364:Langlie
3349:Shivers
3339:Lausche
3334:Carlson
3294:O'Conor
3289:Stassen
3274:Cochran
3254:Pollard
3229:Trinkle
3184:Willson
3129:Italics
3106:Patrick
3079:Dukakis
3069:Dukakis
3064:Sargent
3054:Peabody
3044:Furcolo
2954:Douglas
2939:Wolcott
2929:Russell
2872:Claflin
2867:Bullock
2852:Gardner
2812:Everett
2717:Hancock
2712:Bowdoin
2706:Cushing
2700:Hancock
2668:Bernard
2656:Pownall
2637:Shirley
2625:Shirley
2620:Belcher
2364:Colony
2260:Skinner
2255:Burnley
2230:Coleman
1848:Sources
914:at the
758:Seabees
726:on the
716:Abruzzo
708:Italian
609:Seabees
510:
502:
498:
5696:(2024)
5670:(2018)
5664:(2017)
5658:(2016)
5652:(2015)
5646:(2014)
5637:(2012)
5628:(2010)
5622:(2009)
5616:(2008)
5551:(1991)
5542:(1989)
5515:(1981)
5489:(1977)
5483:(1976)
5474:(1974)
5468:(1973)
5462:(1972)
5453:(1970)
5444:(1968)
5375:Senate
5178:Other
4830:1972 →
4822:← 1964
4776:(1974)
4770:(1974)
4734:(1969)
4407:(1974)
4401:(1973)
4364:(1973)
4339:(1974)
4262:(1973)
4162:Thorne
4157:Spogli
4117:Martin
4112:Ackley
4092:Bunker
3981:Draper
3958:Potter
3953:Porter
3948:Stallo
3909:Daniel
3893:Daniel
3888:Kinney
3868:Rogers
3820:Morris
3800:Throop
3795:Nelson
3709:Murphy
3664:Fallin
3614:Warner
3604:Patton
3599:Engler
3584:Carper
3574:Miller
3529:Sununu
3514:Carlin
3494:Busbee
3469:Andrus
3449:Mandel
3409:Sawyer
3394:Powell
3359:Kennon
3309:Martin
3264:McNutt
3219:Sproul
3204:Capper
3116:Healey
3101:Romney
3039:Herter
3014:Hurley
3009:Curley
2994:Fuller
2979:McCall
2964:Draper
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