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561:. "The reason we can get away with so few genes is that when you have these bits of nonsense, you can splice them out in different ways," she said. "Sometimes you can get rid of things and add things because of this splicing process so that each gene has slightly different protein products that can do slightly different things. So it multiplies up the information content in each of our genes."
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After completing her undergraduate degree, Steitz applied to medical school rather than graduate school since she knew of female medical doctors but not women scientists. She was accepted to
Harvard Medical School, but having been excited by a summer working as a bench scientist in the laboratory of
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557:" as they had often been described. Her work helps explain the phenomenon of "alternative RNA splicing." Her discovery of the snRNPs and snoRNPs explains a mysterious finding: humans have only double the number of genes of a fruit
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Steitz has commented on the sexist treatment of women in science, and has been a "tireless promoter of women in science," noted
Christine Guthrie, who described Steitz as "one of the greatest scientists of our generation."
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772:, the particles that are the sites of splicing of pre-messenger RNA into the final mature mRNA and elucidated many of their roles. She discovered that introns, which were thought to be inert, code for
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534:. A snRNP is a specific short length of RNA, around 150 nucleotides long, associated with protein, that is involved in splicing introns out of newly transcribed RNA (pre-mRNA), a component of the
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In 1980, Steitz in collaboration with
Michael Lerner published another critical paper, using immunoprecipitation with human antibodies from patients with autoimmunity to isolate and identify
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538:. Steitz's paper "set the field ahead by light years and heralded the avalanche of small RNAs that have since been discovered to play a role in multiple steps in RNA biosynthesis," noted
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1265:"How ribosomes select initiator regions in mRNA: Base pair formation between the 3' terminus of 16S rRNA and the mRNA during initiation of protein synthesis in Escherichia coli"
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https://web.archive.org/web/20070315011217/http://www.agora.forwomeninscience.com/education_of_girls_and_women/2006/04/the_importance_of_role_models.php
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502:. In the process, Steitz discovered the exact sequences on a mature RNA virus encoding three proteins where the virus mRNA binds bacterial
1212:
Steitz, J. A. (1969). "Polypeptide Chain
Initiation: Nucleotide Sequences of the Three Ribosomal Binding Sites in Bacteriophage R17 RNA".
841:
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Joan Steitz is one of the pioneers of the field of RNA biology who is world-renowned for her many seminal contributions. She showed how
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Steitz describes her excitement about research in the field of biology, her contributions, and their vast implications on health today.
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375:. The Lasker award is often referred to as the 'American Nobel' because 87 of the former recipients have gone on to win Nobel prizes.
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Vasudevan, S.; Tong, Y.; Steitz, J. A. (2007). "Switching from
Repression to Activation: MicroRNAs Can Up-Regulate Translation".
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Woan-Yuh Tam and Joan A. Steitz, (1997) “Pre-mRNA splicing: the discovery of a new spliceosome doubles the challenge. –
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that target the modification of other cellular RNAs during their maturation. More recently she has found new roles for
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1418:"Antibodies to small nuclear RNAs complexed with proteins are produced by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus"
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Lerner, M. R.; Boyle, J. A.; Mount, S. M.; Wolin, S. L.; Steitz, J. A. (1980). "Are snRNPs involved in splicing?".
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Steitz, "The
Importance of Role Models to Girls' Educational Choices," April 6, 2006, L'Oréal Agora, available at
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Thomas R. Cech and Joan A Steitz (2014) “The
Noncoding RNA Revolution Trashing the Old Rules to Forge New Ones.”
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and molecular biology. There, she was the first female graduate student to join the laboratory of Nobel
Laureate
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2004 – The
Caledonian Research Foundation (CRF) Prize Lectureship in Biomedical Sciences and Arts and Letters,
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at the
University of Minnesota, she declined the invitation to Harvard Medical School and instead applied to
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519:. In 1975, she published a research finding for which she is widely known, demonstrating that ribosomes use
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498:. At the LMB, Steitz focused on the question of how bacteria know where to start the "reading frame" on
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Steitz has served in numerous professional capacities, including as scientific director of the
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343:(born January 26, 1941) is Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at
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Elaine Carey, "Female scientist 'a hero in her field': Yale's Joan Steitz, 65 honoured",
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discovery of snRNPs and their role in splicing eukaryotic mRNAs out of longer transcripts
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https://web.archive.org/web/20061018162033/http://www.ambion.com/techlib/tn/101/5.html
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1137:"Lasker Awards Given for Work in Genetics, Anesthesia and Promoting Women in Science"
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2006 – Rosalind E. Franklin Award for Women in Science, National Cancer Institute.
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391:. She grew up in Minnesota in the 1950s and 60s and attended the then all-girls
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Steitz's research may yield new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of
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861:"Joan Steitz: RNA is a many-splendored thing. Interview by Caitlin Sedwick"
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is used to initiate translation at the start site of mRNA. She discovered
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discovery of sites, sequences, and mechanism for mRNA binding to ribosomes
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2002 – Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award for Distinguished Basic Medical Science.
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Tanya Talaga, "Her work may lead to progress in diseases like lupus,"
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Yale Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry faculty
2181:
The Door in the Dream: Conversations with Eminent Women in Science
410:, Ohio, where she first became interested in molecular biology at
906:
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550:
427:
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first discovery of RNAs not directly involved in protein assembly
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Lasker-Koshland Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science
2183:(Joseph Henry Press: Washington, D.C., 2000), pp. 144–150.
506:
to produce proteins. In 1969 she published a seminal paper in
250:
1836:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
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363:
by complementary base pairing and that introns are spliced by
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showing the nucleotide sequence of the binding start points.
364:
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Steitz later discovered another kind of snRNP particle, the
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499:
8156:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
442:
352:
1765:
Federation of American Societies of Experimental Biology
1502:
1073:
Joan Steitz (Yale & HHMI): SNURPs and Serendipity
1015:"A general two-metal-ion mechanism for catalytic RNA"
910:
633:
to those who have made an impact beyond microbiology.
585:
Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research
8146:
L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science laureates
1634:
National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research
740:
1983 – Lee Howley, Sr. Award for Arthritis Research.
961:
2243:
1469:"Yale pitcher is grabbed in draft's early rounds"
704:2001 – L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science.
8102:
4528:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
756:1975 – Passano Foundation Young Scientist Award.
753:1976 – Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry.
530:(pronounced "snurps") and detect their role in
1130:
1128:
688:2004 – RNA Society Lifetime Achievement Award.
355:, including ground-breaking insights into how
8206:Members of the American Philosophical Society
7746:
7182:
5970:
2213:
1932:"National Medal of Science Recipient Details"
1584:Honorary Degree Recipients for 2011 Announced
587:(1991–2002) and as editorial board member of
576:against their own DNA, snRNPs, or ribosomes.
351:. She is known for her discoveries involving
1811:"L'Oreal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science"
1733:"Caledonian Research Fund Prize Lectureship"
1415:
1012:
760:Her nomination for the Royal Society reads:
8211:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
1262:
1172:
1170:
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1125:
844:. London: The Royal Society. Archived from
640:for Special Achievement in Medical Science.
609:laureate, in 1966. They have one son, Jon.
378:
365:small nuclear ribonucleic proteins (snRNPs)
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817:National Medal of Science 50th Anniversary
40:
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1048:
1038:
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698:2003 – FASEB Excellence in Science Award.
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418:laboratory as an Antioch "coop" intern.
7198:Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry
2507:
2229:United States National Medal of Science
2190:v. 10, n. 1 (March 2003) (available at
836:
834:
672:Gairdner Foundation International Award
601:Steitz (born Joan Argetsinger) married
168:Gairdner Foundation International Award
14:
8151:21st-century American women scientists
8103:
1705:"August Newsletter of the RNA Society"
1211:
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743:1982 – NAS Award in Molecular Biology.
515:In 1970, Steitz joined the faculty at
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2170:(Ontario ed.), Oct. 26, 2006, p. A10.
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2014:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1954:
1952:
1416:Lerner, M. R.; Steitz, J. A. (1979).
1177:ASCB Profile: Joan Argetsinger Steitz
1099:Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
1065:
1013:Steitz, T. A.; Steitz, J. A. (1993).
807:
805:
748:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
416:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
8191:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1964:National Academy of Sciences members
831:
612:
523:to identify the start site on mRNA.
371:. In September 2018, Steitz won the
8176:American women molecular biologists
8161:National Medal of Science laureates
8141:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
2186:"RNA Interviews: Dr. Joan Steitz",
1758:"FASEB Excellence in Science Award"
1135:Thomas, Katie (11 September 2018).
572:, which develop when patients make
180:Foreign Member of the Royal Society
24:
2126:"RNA Expert Wins "American Nobel""
2091:
2071:"Services (Young Scientist Award)"
1949:
802:
790:
664:(shared with Elizabeth Blackburn).
486:(UK), where she collaborated with
25:
8222:
6105:Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn
2042:ACS Biological Chemistry Division
1684:American Society for Cell Biology
1467:Gonzalez, Susan (June 29, 2011).
723:1988 – Dickson Prize for Science.
707:1992 – Golden Plate Award of the
683:American Society for Cell Biology
5986:Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame
2098:
1263:Steitz, J. A.; Jakes, K (1975).
842:"Professor Joan Steitz ForMemRS"
627:Microbiology Society Prize Medal
596:
438:, with whom she first worked on
2147:"Don't listen to the naysayers"
2124:Maron, Dina Fine (2018-09-11).
2063:
2027:
2002:
1977:
1924:
1899:
1874:
1850:
1844:American Academy of Achievement
1828:
1803:
1778:
1750:
1725:
1697:
1672:
1647:
1622:
1596:
1577:
1552:
1527:
1491:
1460:
1409:
1394:
1363:
1347:
1331:
1315:
1256:
1205:
1190:"Trailblazer Turned Superstar,"
1182:
1153:
797:Joan A. Steitz, Yale University
709:American Academy of Achievement
657:Honorary Doctorate of Science].
643:2014 – Royal Society of London.
480:Laboratory of Molecular Biology
349:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
236:Laboratory of Molecular Biology
231:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1985:"Past Howley Prize Recipients"
1737:The Royal Society of Edinburgh
1355:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
1083:
1006:
955:
730:, National Science Foundation.
720:1989 – Warren Triennial Prize.
716:American Philosophical Society
341:Joan Elaine Argetsinger Steitz
150:NAS Award in Molecular Biology
13:
1:
8196:American molecular biologists
3451:
2244:Behavioral and social science
1604:"Albany Medical Center Award"
1326:Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
819:. National Science Foundation
784:
398:In 1963, Steitz received her
174:Pearl Meister Greengard Prize
2145:Panek, Richard (July 2019).
1907:"Dickson Prize Past Winners"
1630:"Rosalind E. Franklin Award"
1510:"Prize lecture winners 2021"
1473:Yale Bulletin & Calendar
735:National Academy of Sciences
7:
8166:Scientists from Minneapolis
1936:National Science Foundation
1786:"Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award"
1498:Wolf Prize in Medicine 2021
865:The Journal of Cell Biology
662:Albany Medical Center Prize
257:Studies of the R17A protein
10:
8227:
8121:American women biochemists
7076:Cora Lee Bentley Radcliffe
6288:Elizabeth Hart Jarvis Colt
5132:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1911:Carnegie Mellon University
693:Royal Society of Edinburgh
521:complementary base pairing
393:Northrop Collegiate School
8131:Harvard University alumni
8037:
7776:
7204:
7130:
7099:
7068:
7002:
6951:
6947:
6941:
6936:
6897:
6871:
6845:
6819:
6793:
6767:
6736:
6710:
6684:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6643:
6609:
6578:
6552:
6526:
6500:
6479:
6453:
6427:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6386:
6347:
6311:
6280:
6254:
6223:
6040:Evelyn Longman Batchelder
6007:
6003:
5997:
5992:
5894:
5743:
5592:
5413:
5219:
5067:
5063:
5052:
4986:
4888:
4777:
4688:
4609:
4537:
4533:
4522:
4479:
4388:
4280:
4171:
4107:William Hayward Pickering
4052:
3947:
3943:
3932:
3858:
3750:
3604:
3480:
3461:
3457:
3446:
3357:
3166:
2980:
2798:
2654:
2517:
2513:
2502:
2459:
2400:
2312:
2272:
2253:
2249:
2238:
1376:"The Gairdner Foundation"
813:"Joan A. Steitz (1941– )"
728:National Medal of Science
448:
297:
293:
279:
267:
249:
223:
202:
195:
156:National Medal of Science
142:
134:
124:
104:
81:
48:
39:
32:
8201:American women academics
8186:Yale Sterling Professors
7122:Regina Winters-Toussaint
6920:Elizabeth George Plouffe
6414:Adrianne Baughns-Wallace
6070:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
5556:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
5002:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
2633:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
1882:"Warren Triennial Prize"
1514:The Microbiology Society
1401:Joan Steitz publications
1373:April 3, 2006, p. A04; (
607:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
476:Medical Research Council
379:Early life and education
347:and Investigator at the
7804:Sushantha Bhattacharyya
6979:Clara Hill (suffragist)
6974:Sarah Lee Brown Fleming
6617:Martha Minerva Franklin
6110:Isabella Beecher Hooker
4867:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
2785:George Ledyard Stebbins
2706:James Augustine Shannon
1564:The Biochemical Society
1539:Royal Society of London
1435:10.1073/pnas.76.11.5495
1322:Joan Steitz – Biography
1290:10.1073/pnas.72.12.4734
1040:10.1073/pnas.90.14.6498
984:10.1126/science.1149460
714:1992 – Elected to the
590:Genes & Development
574:anti-nuclear antibodies
484:University of Cambridge
53:Joan Elaine Argetsinger
8126:Antioch College alumni
7025:Khalilah L. Brown-Dean
6591:Patricia Goldman-Rakic
6487:Dotha Bushnell Hillyer
6324:Constance Baker Motley
5324:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
5311:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
4267:Harry George Drickamer
4213:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
3887:M. Frederick Hawthorne
3761:John D. Baldeschwieler
3001:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
2683:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
1188:Margaret A. Woodbury,
782:
650:Jubilee Lecture Award.
620:Wolf Prize in Medicine
467:
186:Wolf Prize in Medicine
7401:Charles C. Richardson
6801:Margaret Bourke-White
6539:Mary Townsend Seymour
6471:Miriam Therese Winter
6355:Jane Hamilton-Merritt
6195:Harriet Beecher Stowe
6190:Hilda Crosby Standish
6185:Smiths of Glastonbury
6180:Virginia Thrall Smith
6115:Emeline Roberts Jones
6060:Katharine Seymour Day
6030:Beatrice Fox Auerbach
5915:Sylvester James Gates
5301:William Alfred Fowler
5283:Robert Rathbun Wilson
5096:Robert Burns Woodward
3908:Geraldine L. Richmond
3656:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
2939:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
2868:Vernon B. Mountcastle
2724:Sterling B. Hendricks
2541:Marshall W. Nirenberg
2536:Theodosius Dobzhansky
2384:William Julius Wilson
1608:Albany Medical Center
1593:, Columbia University
1382:on September 27, 2007
762:
638:Lasker-Koshland Award
472:postdoctoral research
465:
7665:Christopher J. Chang
7641:Paul J. Hergenrother
7617:Benjamin Cravatt III
7515:Jacqueline K. Barton
7467:Christopher T. Walsh
7035:Callie Gale Heilmann
6445:Maria Miller Stewart
6419:Mary Goodrich Jenson
6303:Laura Wheeler Waring
6200:Gladys Tantaquidgeon
6155:Theodate Pope Riddle
6130:Rachel Taylor Milton
5886:Warren M. Washington
5850:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
5759:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
5704:Martin Schwarzschild
5485:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
5477:J. Robert Schrieffer
5447:E. Margaret Burbidge
5291:Nicolaas Bloembergen
5268:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
5147:Vladimir K. Zworykin
4899:John Griggs Thompson
4822:Martin David Kruskal
4662:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
4135:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
4089:Ralph Brazelton Peck
4044:Jack St. Clair Kilby
3971:John Robinson Pierce
3938:Engineering sciences
3869:Jacqueline K. Barton
3724:George M. Whitesides
3643:Dudley R. Herschbach
3581:Richard B. Bernstein
3550:Walter H. Stockmayer
3098:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
3029:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
2919:Stanley Norman Cohen
2906:Rita Levi-Montalcini
2742:Keith Roberts Porter
2605:Alfred H. Sturtevant
2600:Michael Heidelberger
2572:Fritz Albert Lipmann
2152:Yale Alumni Magazine
1862:search.amphilsoc.org
1858:"APS Member History"
1680:"E. B. Wilson Medal"
631:Microbiology Society
566:autoimmune disorders
8136:History of genetics
8090:Jean-Marie Tarascon
8075:Philippe Sansonetti
8019:Demetri Terzopoulos
7623:Dewey G. McCafferty
7551:Stuart L. Schreiber
7485:Harold M. Weintraub
7389:Phillips W. Robbins
7040:Jerimarie Liesegang
6759:Augusta Lewis Troup
6570:Glenna Collett-Vare
6513:Helen Frankenthaler
6339:Mabel Osgood Wright
6246:María Colón Sánchez
6210:Hannah Bunce Watson
6160:Edna Negron Rosario
6120:Barbara B. Kennelly
6035:Emma Fielding Baker
5936:Shirley Ann Jackson
5855:Charles P. Slichter
5699:Marshall Rosenbluth
5691:Wallace S. Broecker
5644:Eugene M. Shoemaker
5405:Victor F. Weisskopf
5352:Herbert S. Gutowsky
5334:Edgar Bright Wilson
5175:George Kistiakowsky
4793:Stephen Cole Kleene
4304:George H. Heilmeier
4291:Mildred Dresselhaus
4182:Edward H. Heinemann
4112:Frederick E. Terman
4076:Richard T. Whitcomb
3997:Clarence L. Johnson
3958:Theodore von Kármán
3845:Stephen J. Benkovic
3824:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
3811:Marvin H. Caruthers
3766:Ralph F. Hirschmann
3706:Darleane C. Hoffman
3596:Harden M. McConnell
3537:Frank H. Westheimer
3349:Stanley B. Prusiner
3313:Robert J. Lefkowitz
3072:Howard Martin Temin
2929:Maurice R. Hilleman
2924:Joseph L. Goldstein
2863:Donald A. Henderson
2780:Earl Reece Stadtman
2765:Elizabeth C. Crosby
2729:Orville Alvin Vogel
2559:Donald D. Van Slyke
2508:Biological sciences
2131:Scientific American
1840:www.achievement.org
1790:Brandeis University
1659:Gairdner Foundation
1281:1975PNAS...72.4734S
1226:1969Natur.224..957S
1031:1993PNAS...90.6498S
976:2007Sci...318.1931V
925:1980Natur.283..220L
780:in gene regulation.
655:Columbia University
648:Biochemical Society
400:Bachelor of Science
383:Steitz was born in
27:American biochemist
7647:Scott K. Silverman
7629:Linda Hsieh-Wilson
7611:Andreas Matouschek
7569:Gregory L. Verdine
7533:George L. McLendon
7335:Harold A. Scheraga
7245:Earl A. Evans, Jr.
6969:Catherine Flanagan
6964:Frances Ellen Burr
6863:Regina Rush-Kittle
6692:Isabelle M. Kelley
6676:Maggie Wilderotter
6596:Barbara McClintock
6586:Jewel Plummer Cobb
6440:Catherine Roraback
6215:Chase G. Woodhouse
5808:G. Brent Dalrymple
5626:Arthur L. Schawlow
5533:James A. Van Allen
5424:Philip W. Anderson
5380:Richard P. Feynman
5306:Linus Carl Pauling
4941:Dennis P. Sullivan
4498:John B. Goodenough
4431:Edwin N. Lightfoot
4399:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
4380:Kenneth N. Stevens
4148:Raymond D. Mindlin
4071:Harold E. Edgerton
3916:A. Paul Alivisatos
3795:Stephen J. Lippard
3774:Ernest R. Davidson
3711:Harold S. Johnston
3545:William S. Johnson
3509:George C. Pimentel
3344:Susan L. Lindquist
3326:Francis S. Collins
3220:Victor A. McKusick
3195:Francisco J. Ayala
3177:Nancy C. Andreasen
3127:Robert A. Weinberg
2901:Har Gobind Khorana
2886:Michael E. DeBakey
2873:George Emil Palade
2845:Wendell L. Roelofs
2835:Howard L. Bachrach
2665:Barbara McClintock
2567:Edward F. Knipling
2108:has a profile for
2075:Passano Foundation
2051:on October 9, 2020
1886:Harvard University
1589:2011-05-21 at the
1195:2008-10-06 at the
1141:The New York Times
877:10.1083/jcb.1925pi
859:Steitz, J (2011).
468:
430:'s new program in
367:, which occur in
162:Max Delbrück Medal
95:Harvard University
8098:
8097:
7969:Karalyn Patterson
7924:Vladimir Markovic
7869:Geoffrey Grimmett
7728:
7727:
7701:Bradley Pentelute
7671:Matthew D. Disney
7479:Roger D. Kornberg
7461:Charles R. Cantor
7437:James E. Dahlberg
7407:Mario R. Capecchi
7383:Gerald M. Edelman
7371:William P. Jencks
7329:Robert A. Alberty
7323:William F. Neuman
7251:Herbert E. Carter
7164:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7143:Melissa Bernstein
7112:Laura Cruickshank
7081:Jennifer Rizzotti
7060:Teresa C. Younger
6959:Josephine Bennett
6932:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6639:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6622:Carolyn M. Mazure
6461:Florence Griswold
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6267:Madeleine L'Engle
6170:Susan Saint James
6125:Clare Boothe Luce
6100:Katharine Hepburn
6055:Prudence Crandall
6045:Catharine Beecher
5952:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5944:
5943:
5881:Esther M. Conwell
5821:Robert N. Clayton
5813:Riccardo Giacconi
5777:Raymond Davis Jr.
5665:Albert Overhauser
5608:Edwin M. McMillan
5569:Arnold O. Beckman
5546:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
5523:Paul C. Lauterbur
5500:Robert Hofstadter
5452:Maurice Goldhaber
5439:Charles H. Townes
5390:Edward M. Purcell
5357:Frederick Rossini
5211:Wolfgang Panofsky
5142:John H. Van Vleck
5058:Physical sciences
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5010:Solomon W. Golomb
4970:Andrew J. Viterbi
4965:Leonard Kleinrock
4912:Calyampudi R. Rao
4880:Ronald R. Coifman
4788:George F. Carrier
4769:Donald C. Spencer
4764:Saunders Mac Lane
4699:Marshall H. Stone
4649:Shiing-Shen Chern
4556:Solomon Lefschetz
4518:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4455:David J. Wineland
4423:John M. Prausnitz
4364:C. Kumar N. Patel
4359:James L. Flanagan
4327:John Roy Whinnery
4314:H. Guyford Stever
4296:Nick Holonyak Jr.
4259:George W. Housner
4254:Willis M. Hawkins
4249:Daniel C. Drucker
4231:Robert Byron Bird
4223:Bernard M. Oliver
4130:Peter C. Goldmark
4117:Wernher von Braun
4063:George E. Mueller
4036:Nathan M. Newmark
4031:J. Presper Eckert
4010:Claude E. Shannon
3979:Charles S. Draper
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3895:Judith P. Klinman
3779:Gábor A. Somorjai
3690:Isabella L. Karle
3677:George S. Hammond
3638:Gertrude B. Elion
3591:Rudolph A. Marcus
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3368:Ralph L. Brinster
3287:Torsten N. Wiesel
3264:Norman E. Borlaug
3251:Solomon H. Snyder
3246:J. Michael Bishop
3205:Mario R. Capecchi
3085:Salome G. Waelsch
3016:E. Donnall Thomas
2891:Theodor O. Diener
2790:Paul Alfred Weiss
2618:Bernard B. Brodie
2554:George G. Simpson
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2443:Michael I. Posner
2344:Eleanor J. Gibson
2296:George J. Stigler
2264:Neal Elgar Miller
2114:
1560:"Jubilee Lecture"
970:(5858): 1931–34.
679:E.B. Wilson Medal
613:Awards and honors
470:Steitz completed
463:
395:for high school.
338:
337:
280:Doctoral students
215:Molecular biology
197:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
8218:
8065:Stephen Harrison
7919:Andrew Mackenzie
7904:Timothy Leighton
7859:Timothy Eglinton
7755:
7748:
7741:
7732:
7731:
7575:Alanna Schepartz
7539:Peter G. Schultz
7509:James E. Rothman
7497:David V. Goeddel
7473:Phillip A. Sharp
7455:Robert G. Roeder
7425:Bruce M. Alberts
7395:Gordon G. Hammes
7311:Nathan O. Kaplan
7299:John M. Buchanan
7281:Dilworth Woodley
7257:Joseph S. Fruton
7239:David Rittenberg
7215:Harold S. Alcott
7209:William M. Allen
7191:
7184:
7177:
7168:
7167:
7050:Marilyn Ondrasik
6949:
6948:
6938:
6937:
6749:Barbara Franklin
6656:
6655:
6645:
6644:
6518:Rosalind Russell
6399:
6398:
6388:
6387:
6262:Edythe J. Gaines
6140:Ellen Ash Peters
6085:Estelle Griswold
6065:Fidelia Fielding
6015:Mary Jobe Akeley
6005:
6004:
5994:
5993:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5956:
5955:
5764:Gilbert F. White
5709:George Wetherill
5603:Allan M. Cormack
5561:Jack Steinberger
5541:D. Allan Bromley
5490:H. Richard Crane
5467:Frederick Reines
5457:Helmut Landsberg
5372:George Uhlenbeck
5273:Vladimir Haensel
5235:Allan R. Sandage
5206:Herbert C. Brown
5188:Herbert Friedman
5114:Leon M. Lederman
5086:Julian Schwinger
5065:
5064:
5054:
5053:
5023:Alexandre Chorin
4997:Richard A. Tapia
4978:David B. Mumford
4806:Alberto Calderón
4751:Joseph B. Keller
4738:Michael Freedman
4707:Herman Goldstine
4561:H. Marston Morse
4535:
4534:
4524:
4523:
4463:Rudolf E. Kálmán
4447:Robert S. Langer
4439:Jan D. Achenbach
4272:Herbert E. Grier
4023:Igor I. Sikorsky
3984:Othmar H. Ammann
3945:
3944:
3934:
3933:
3900:Jerrold Meinwald
3669:Norman Hackerman
3648:Glenn T. Seaborg
3563:William O. Baker
3491:F. Albert Cotton
3459:
3458:
3448:
3447:
3425:Mary-Claire King
3318:Bert W. O'Malley
3274:Thomas E. Starzl
3269:Phillip A. Sharp
3256:Charles Yanofsky
3238:Evelyn M. Witkin
3233:James E. Darnell
3059:Paul C. Zamecnik
3024:Mary Ellen Avery
2996:Herbert W. Boyer
2991:Baruj Benacerraf
2962:Joshua Lederberg
2952:Viktor Hamburger
2914:Michael S. Brown
2760:Robert H. Burris
2515:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2451:Mortimer Mishkin
2376:William K. Estes
2360:Roger N. Shepard
2352:Robert K. Merton
2336:George A. Miller
2283:Herbert A. Simon
2251:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2199:
2198:
2188:Ambion TechNotes
2179:Elga Wasserman,
2163:
2161:
2159:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2112:
2102:
2101:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2044:. Archived from
2039:
2035:"Lilly Awardees"
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2010:"Joan A. Steitz"
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1960:"Joan A. Steitz"
1956:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1709:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1655:"Joan A. Steitz"
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1594:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1535:"Joan A. Steitz"
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1479:on April 2, 2015
1475:. Archived from
1464:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1378:. Archived from
1367:
1361:
1351:
1345:
1335:
1329:
1328:Digital archives
1319:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1292:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1234:10.1038/224957a0
1220:(5223): 957–64.
1209:
1203:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1091:Friedberg, E. C.
1087:
1081:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1052:
1042:
1025:(14): 6498–502.
1010:
1004:
1003:
959:
953:
952:
933:10.1038/283220a0
919:(5743): 220–24.
908:
899:
898:
888:
856:
850:
849:
838:
829:
828:
826:
824:
809:
800:
794:
464:
331:
328:
326:
324:
322:
316:
313:
311:
309:
307:
269:Doctoral advisor
263:
66:
63:January 26, 1941
62:
60:
44:
30:
29:
21:
8226:
8225:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8215:
8101:
8100:
8099:
8094:
8033:
7994:Bill Rutherford
7964:Julian Parkhill
7894:Peter Keightley
7772:
7759:
7729:
7724:
7719:Jordan L. Meier
7707:Neal K. Devaraj
7689:Elizabeth Nolan
7605:Kevan M. Shokat
7599:Jennifer Doudna
7545:William DeGrado
7503:Gerald M. Rubin
7419:David F. Wilson
7359:Frederick Crane
7305:David M. Bonner
7287:Irving M. Klotz
7275:Sidney Colowick
7200:
7195:
7165:
7152:
7148:Barbara Summers
7126:
7117:Carla Squatrito
7095:
7064:
6998:
6943:
6924:
6915:Martha Langevin
6893:
6884:Anika Noni Rose
6867:
6841:
6815:
6789:
6780:Jennifer Lawton
6775:Beatrix Farrand
6763:
6732:
6728:Faith Middleton
6723:Annie Leibovitz
6706:
6680:
6666:Anne M. Mulcahy
6650:
6631:
6605:
6574:
6548:
6522:
6508:Martha Coolidge
6496:
6475:
6449:
6423:
6409:Emily Barringer
6393:
6374:
6343:
6319:Dorrit Hoffleit
6307:
6276:
6250:
6236:Caroline Hewins
6231:Helen M. Feeney
6219:
6175:Lydia Sigourney
6165:Margaret Rudkin
6075:Dorothy Goodwin
6025:Marian Anderson
5999:
5988:
5983:
5953:
5940:
5928:Sean C. Solomon
5890:
5842:Daniel Kleppner
5834:Lonnie Thompson
5829:Ralph A. Alpher
5795:W. Jason Morgan
5782:Charles Keeling
5772:Marvin L. Cohen
5739:
5722:John N. Bahcall
5717:Don L. Anderson
5683:Peter Goldreich
5636:Steven Weinberg
5588:
5518:Walter Elsasser
5495:Herman Feshbach
5409:
5347:Samuel Goudsmit
5339:Chien-Shiung Wu
5278:Frederick Seitz
5245:John A. Wheeler
5230:Robert H. Dicke
5215:
5078:Luis W. Alvarez
5059:
5040:
5028:David Blackwell
4982:
4933:Carl R. de Boor
4904:Karen Uhlenbeck
4884:
4838:Louis Nirenberg
4773:
4746:Ralph E. Gomory
4684:
4680:Donald E. Knuth
4667:Hassler Whitney
4605:
4529:
4510:
4475:
4407:Andreas Acrivos
4384:
4372:Eli Ruckenstein
4351:Hermann A. Haus
4322:Calvin F. Quate
4309:Luna B. Leopold
4276:
4167:
4153:Robert N. Noyce
4143:Emmett N. Leith
4102:Manson Benedict
4084:Rudolf Kompfner
4048:
4002:Warren K. Lewis
3939:
3920:
3854:
3816:Peter B. Dervan
3787:John I. Brauman
3746:
3698:Norman Davidson
3625:John D. Roberts
3600:
3568:Konrad E. Bloch
3514:Richard N. Zare
3476:
3453:
3434:
3391:Sallie Chisholm
3373:Rudolf Jaenisch
3353:
3336:J. Craig Venter
3295:Rita R. Colwell
3162:
3148:David Baltimore
3039:Robert W. Kates
3011:David G. Nathan
3006:Edward B. Lewis
2976:
2972:Harland G. Wood
2967:Roger W. Sperry
2822:Glenn W. Burton
2794:
2770:Arthur Kornberg
2737:Roger Guillemin
2714:Hallowell Davis
2678:Daniel I. Arnon
2670:Albert B. Sabin
2650:
2623:Detlev W. Bronk
2595:Harry F. Harlow
2590:Kenneth S. Cole
2577:William C. Rose
2549:Francis P. Rous
2509:
2490:
2455:
2435:Gordon H. Bower
2396:
2392:Robert M. Solow
2308:
2304:Milton Friedman
2268:
2245:
2234:
2226:
2157:
2155:
2136:
2134:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2111:Joan A. Steitz
2103:
2099:
2094:
2092:Further reading
2089:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
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1784:
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1779:
1769:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1712:The RNA Society
1707:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1663:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1591:Wayback Machine
1582:
1578:
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1557:
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1541:
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1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1492:
1482:
1480:
1465:
1461:
1428:(11): 5495–99.
1414:
1410:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1352:
1348:
1336:
1332:
1320:
1316:
1275:(12): 4734–38.
1261:
1257:
1210:
1206:
1197:Wayback Machine
1187:
1183:
1175:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1133:
1126:
1111:10.1038/nrm2421
1088:
1084:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1011:
1007:
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956:
909:
902:
857:
853:
840:
839:
832:
822:
820:
811:
810:
803:
799:, nasonline.org
795:
791:
787:
733:1983 – Member,
615:
599:
453:
451:
408:Antioch College
381:
345:Yale University
334:
319:
304:
274:James D. Watson
261:
245:
241:Yale University
219:
191:
120:
100:
89:Antioch College
82:Alma mater
77:
67:
64:
58:
56:
55:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8224:
8214:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8085:Clifford Tabin
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8041:
8039:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8026:
8024:Rajesh Thakker
8021:
8016:
8011:
8009:Nicholas Stern
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7989:Patrik Rorsman
7986:
7981:
7976:
7974:Sheena Radford
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7899:Mike Lazaridis
7896:
7891:
7889:Martin Johnson
7886:
7881:
7876:
7871:
7866:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7846:
7844:Marian Dawkins
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7824:David Charlton
7821:
7819:Tom Bridgeland
7816:
7814:Dorothy Bishop
7811:
7806:
7801:
7799:Michael Benton
7796:
7794:David Beerling
7791:
7786:
7780:
7778:
7774:
7773:
7758:
7757:
7750:
7743:
7735:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7722:
7716:
7710:
7704:
7698:
7692:
7686:
7680:
7674:
7668:
7662:
7659:Nathanael Gray
7656:
7650:
7644:
7638:
7632:
7626:
7620:
7614:
7608:
7602:
7596:
7590:
7587:Chaitan Khosla
7584:
7578:
7572:
7566:
7563:Jeremy M. Berg
7560:
7554:
7548:
7542:
7536:
7530:
7527:Michael M. Cox
7524:
7518:
7512:
7506:
7500:
7494:
7488:
7482:
7476:
7470:
7464:
7458:
7452:
7449:Joan A. Steitz
7446:
7440:
7434:
7428:
7422:
7416:
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7386:
7380:
7374:
7368:
7365:Jerard Hurwitz
7362:
7356:
7350:
7344:
7341:Lester J. Reed
7338:
7332:
7326:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7302:
7296:
7290:
7284:
7278:
7272:
7266:
7263:Max A. Lauffer
7260:
7254:
7248:
7242:
7236:
7230:
7224:
7218:
7212:
7205:
7202:
7201:
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7119:
7114:
7109:
7103:
7101:
7097:
7096:
7094:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7072:
7070:
7066:
7065:
7063:
7062:
7057:
7055:Pamela Selders
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7030:Glynda C. Carr
7027:
7022:
7017:
7015:Patricia Baker
7012:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6955:
6953:
6945:
6944:
6934:
6933:
6930:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6905:Marian Chertow
6901:
6899:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6853:Kristen Griest
6849:
6847:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6797:
6795:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6787:
6785:Marian Salzman
6782:
6777:
6771:
6769:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6714:
6712:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6699:
6697:Denise Nappier
6694:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6673:
6671:Martha Parsons
6668:
6662:
6660:
6652:
6651:
6641:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6629:
6627:Helen L. Smits
6624:
6619:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6601:Joan A. Steitz
6598:
6593:
6588:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6560:Dorothy Hamill
6556:
6554:
6550:
6549:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6504:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6492:Clarice McLean
6489:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6405:
6403:
6395:
6394:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6336:
6334:Lillian Vernon
6331:
6326:
6321:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6272:Susanne Langer
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6095:Alice Hamilton
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6009:
6001:
6000:
5990:
5989:
5982:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5959:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5930:
5925:
5923:Burton Richter
5920:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5876:Yakir Aharonov
5873:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5844:
5839:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5823:
5818:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5790:Richard Garwin
5787:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5754:Willis E. Lamb
5751:
5747:
5745:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5693:
5688:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5646:
5641:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5581:
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5571:
5566:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5513:Philip Abelson
5510:
5507:
5505:Chen-Ning Yang
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5482:
5479:
5474:
5472:Bruno B. Rossi
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5429:Yoichiro Nambu
5426:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5240:John C. Slater
5237:
5232:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5127:Jacob Bjerknes
5124:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5069:
5061:
5060:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4959:
4954:
4951:
4946:
4943:
4938:
4935:
4930:
4927:
4925:James G. Glimm
4922:
4919:
4917:Elias M. Stein
4914:
4909:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4869:
4864:
4861:
4859:Shing-Tung Yau
4856:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4832:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4727:
4725:Antoni Zygmund
4722:
4717:
4714:
4712:Isadore Singer
4709:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4675:Joseph L. Doob
4672:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4656:
4654:George Dantzig
4651:
4646:
4644:John W. Backus
4641:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4622:
4620:Richard Brauer
4617:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4601:William Feller
4598:
4595:
4590:
4587:
4582:
4579:
4574:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4550:
4548:Norbert Wiener
4545:
4541:
4539:
4531:
4530:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4506:Thomas Kailath
4503:
4500:
4495:
4492:
4487:
4483:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4449:
4444:
4441:
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4433:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4337:
4332:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4243:
4238:
4236:H. Bolton Seed
4233:
4228:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4189:
4187:Donald L. Katz
4184:
4179:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4160:
4158:Earl R. Parker
4155:
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4145:
4140:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
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4078:
4073:
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4056:
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4041:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4007:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3992:Hugh L. Dryden
3989:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3960:
3955:
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3949:
3941:
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3918:
3913:
3910:
3905:
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3897:
3892:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3874:Peter J. Stang
3871:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3850:Marye Anne Fox
3847:
3842:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3826:
3821:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3805:
3803:Tobin J. Marks
3800:
3797:
3792:
3789:
3784:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3732:Stuart A. Rice
3729:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3664:Donald J. Cram
3661:
3658:
3653:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3633:Ronald Breslow
3630:
3627:
3622:
3617:
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3608:
3606:
3602:
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3599:
3598:
3593:
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3573:Elias J. Corey
3570:
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3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3539:
3534:
3532:Carl S. Marvel
3529:
3524:
3519:
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3511:
3506:
3504:Roald Hoffmann
3501:
3498:
3493:
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3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
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3427:
3422:
3420:Stanley Falkow
3417:
3414:
3412:Rakesh K. Jain
3409:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3393:
3388:
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3378:
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3333:
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3297:
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3266:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3215:Gene E. Likens
3212:
3207:
3202:
3200:George F. Bass
3197:
3192:
3189:
3184:
3182:Peter H. Raven
3179:
3174:
3170:
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3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3142:
3137:
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3119:
3116:
3111:
3108:
3106:Alexander Rich
3103:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3087:
3082:
3080:Daniel Nathans
3077:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3054:Folke K. Skoog
3051:
3046:
3044:Salvador Luria
3041:
3036:
3034:Elvin A. Kabat
3031:
3026:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2947:Katherine Esau
2944:
2941:
2936:
2934:Eric R. Kandel
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2880:
2878:Joan A. Steitz
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2852:
2850:Berta Scharrer
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2817:Seymour Benzer
2814:
2811:
2809:Philip Handler
2806:
2802:
2800:
2796:
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2711:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Erwin Chargaff
2693:
2691:Britton Chance
2688:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2641:Robert Huebner
2638:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2528:C. B. van Niel
2525:
2521:
2519:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2486:Albert Bandura
2483:
2480:
2478:Robert Axelrod
2475:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2419:R. Duncan Luce
2416:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2368:Paul Samuelson
2365:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2341:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2328:Patrick Suppes
2325:
2323:Leonid Hurwicz
2320:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2293:
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2255:
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2236:
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2225:
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2196:
2195:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2142:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2062:
2026:
2001:
1976:
1948:
1923:
1898:
1873:
1849:
1827:
1802:
1777:
1749:
1724:
1696:
1671:
1646:
1621:
1595:
1576:
1551:
1526:
1501:
1490:
1459:
1408:
1405:Google Scholar
1393:
1362:
1346:
1330:
1314:
1255:
1204:
1181:
1164:
1152:
1124:
1082:
1080:, iBioMagazine
1064:
1005:
954:
900:
851:
848:on 2014-12-20.
830:
801:
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783:
758:
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689:
686:
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668:
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658:
651:
644:
641:
634:
623:
614:
611:
598:
595:
496:Mark Bretscher
492:Sydney Brenner
450:
447:
380:
377:
359:interact with
336:
335:
333:
332:
317:
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126:
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119:
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115:
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108:
106:
105:Known for
102:
101:
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92:
85:
83:
79:
78:
68:
52:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8223:
8212:
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8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8116:Living people
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8045:Richard Alley
8043:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
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8005:
8002:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7959:Miles Padgett
7957:
7955:
7954:Colin Nichols
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7939:Gareth Morris
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7914:Michael Lynch
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7879:Richard Hills
7877:
7875:
7874:Martin Hairer
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7864:Amanda Fisher
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7834:Steven Cowley
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7789:Paul Attfield
7787:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7767:
7766:Royal Society
7763:
7756:
7751:
7749:
7744:
7742:
7737:
7736:
7733:
7720:
7717:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7705:
7702:
7699:
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7693:
7690:
7687:
7684:
7681:
7678:
7675:
7672:
7669:
7666:
7663:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7653:Alice Y. Ting
7651:
7648:
7645:
7642:
7639:
7636:
7633:
7630:
7627:
7624:
7621:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7603:
7600:
7597:
7594:
7593:Xiaodong Wang
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7579:
7576:
7573:
7570:
7567:
7564:
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7558:
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7498:
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7480:
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7474:
7471:
7468:
7465:
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7459:
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7450:
7447:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7435:
7432:
7429:
7426:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7414:
7413:Lubert Stryer
7411:
7408:
7405:
7402:
7399:
7396:
7393:
7390:
7387:
7384:
7381:
7378:
7375:
7372:
7369:
7366:
7363:
7360:
7357:
7354:
7351:
7348:
7345:
7342:
7339:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7327:
7324:
7321:
7318:
7315:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7303:
7300:
7297:
7294:
7293:William Shive
7291:
7288:
7285:
7282:
7279:
7276:
7273:
7270:
7269:John D. Ferry
7267:
7264:
7261:
7258:
7255:
7252:
7249:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7237:
7234:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7222:
7221:Abraham White
7219:
7216:
7213:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7192:
7187:
7185:
7180:
7178:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7129:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7098:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7086:Lhakpa Sherpa
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7067:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7010:Enola G. Aird
7008:
7007:
7005:
7001:
6995:
6994:Emily Pierson
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
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6970:
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6965:
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6950:
6946:
6939:
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6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6890:
6889:Tina Weymouth
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6874:
6870:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6858:Ruth A. Lucas
6856:
6854:
6851:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6838:
6837:Joyce Yerwood
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6806:Carolyn Miles
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6792:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6770:
6766:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6754:Linda Lorimer
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
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6739:
6735:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6703:
6702:Patricia Wald
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
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6657:
6653:
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6642:
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6608:
6602:
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6581:
6577:
6571:
6568:
6566:
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6558:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6545:
6544:Anne Stanback
6542:
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6511:
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6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6389:
6385:
6371:
6370:Florence Wald
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6360:Sophie Tucker
6358:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6350:
6346:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6329:Rosa Ponselle
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6310:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6293:Annie Dillard
6291:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6279:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6241:Donna Lopiano
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6208:
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6133:
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6128:
6126:
6123:
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6116:
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6111:
6108:
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6101:
6098:
6096:
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6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
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6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6002:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5980:
5975:
5973:
5968:
5966:
5961:
5960:
5957:
5937:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5868:James E. Gunn
5866:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5800:Edward Witten
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
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5749:
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5733:
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5718:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5694:
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5676:
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5668:
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5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5618:Roger Revelle
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5585:
5584:Henry Stommel
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5574:Eugene Parker
5572:
5570:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
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5508:
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5498:
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5488:
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5480:
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5475:
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5470:
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5463:
5460:
5458:
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5450:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5434:Edward Teller
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5400:Lyman Spitzer
5398:
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5388:
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5360:
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5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5319:Hans A. Bethe
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
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5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5286:
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5281:
5279:
5276:
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5266:
5264:
5263:Maurice Ewing
5261:
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5258:Carl Djerassi
5256:
5253:
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5250:Saul Winstein
5248:
5246:
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5231:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Eugene Wigner
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5183:Paul Bartlett
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:Louis Hammett
5168:
5166:
5165:Gregory Breit
5163:
5161:
5160:Francis Birch
5158:
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5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
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5128:
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5119:William Rubey
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
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5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
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5079:
5076:
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5066:
5062:
5055:
5051:
5037:
5036:Michael Artin
5034:
5031:
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5026:
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5021:
5018:
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5008:
5005:
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4992:
4991:
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4979:
4976:
4973:
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4968:
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4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4949:Bradley Efron
4947:
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4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
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4887:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4875:Felix Browder
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4851:Stephen Smale
4849:
4847:
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4833:
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4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
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4809:
4807:
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4801:
4799:
4798:John McCarthy
4796:
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4789:
4786:
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4780:
4776:
4770:
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4759:Samuel Karlin
4757:
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4596:
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4580:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4569:Oscar Zariski
4567:
4564:
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4559:
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4387:
4381:
4378:
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4373:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4343:Ray W. Clough
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:Alfred Y. Cho
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4315:
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4310:
4307:
4305:
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4299:
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4260:
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4234:
4232:
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4211:
4208:
4206:
4205:John G. Trump
4203:
4201:
4198:
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4026:
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4021:
4019:
4018:Edwin H. Land
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3966:Vannevar Bush
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3953:
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3946:
3942:
3935:
3931:
3917:
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3909:
3906:
3903:
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3898:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3882:Allen J. Bard
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:JoAnne Stubbe
3835:
3833:
3832:Joanna Fowler
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3798:
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3790:
3788:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3742:Susan Solomon
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
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3717:
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3709:
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3649:
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3639:
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3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:Melvin Calvin
3584:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3527:Yuan Tseh Lee
3525:
3523:
3522:Harry B. Gray
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3496:Gilbert Stork
3494:
3492:
3489:
3486:
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3483:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3467:
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3464:
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3456:
3449:
3445:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Bruce Alberts
3402:
3400:
3399:May Berenbaum
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:
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3347:
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3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:Lubert Stryer
3303:
3301:
3300:Nina Fedoroff
3298:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Anthony Fauci
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3225:Harold Varmus
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3158:Lynn Margulis
3156:
3154:
3153:Jared Diamond
3151:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3093:Thomas Eisner
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3067:Maxine Singer
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:Paul A. Marks
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
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2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
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2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Stanley Cohen
2856:
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2773:
2771:
2768:
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2763:
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2750:
2748:
2747:Efraim Racker
2745:
2743:
2740:
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2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:James V. Neel
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2684:
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2679:
2676:
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2671:
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2639:
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2634:
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2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2613:Horace Barker
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2582:Sewall Wright
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
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2550:
2547:
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2537:
2534:
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2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Anne Treisman
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Kenneth Arrow
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2414:
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2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2399:
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2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:Anne Anastasi
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2107:
2080:September 20,
2076:
2072:
2066:
2055:September 20,
2047:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2019:September 20,
2015:
2011:
2005:
1994:September 20,
1990:
1989:Arthritis.org
1986:
1980:
1969:September 13,
1965:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1941:September 20,
1937:
1933:
1927:
1916:September 20,
1912:
1908:
1902:
1891:September 20,
1887:
1883:
1877:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1820:September 20,
1816:
1812:
1806:
1795:September 20,
1791:
1787:
1781:
1770:September 20,
1766:
1759:
1753:
1742:September 13,
1738:
1734:
1728:
1717:September 13,
1713:
1706:
1700:
1689:September 13,
1685:
1681:
1675:
1664:September 13,
1660:
1656:
1650:
1639:September 13,
1635:
1631:
1625:
1614:September 13,
1610:. May 2, 2008
1609:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1569:September 13,
1565:
1561:
1555:
1544:September 20,
1540:
1536:
1530:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1494:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1455:
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1377:
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1327:
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1318:
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1301:
1296:
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1274:
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1266:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1200:HHMI Bulletin
1198:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1161:
1156:
1142:
1138:
1131:
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1120:
1116:
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1108:
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1100:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
958:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
907:
905:
896:
892:
887:
882:
878:
874:
871:(5): 708–09.
870:
866:
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855:
847:
843:
837:
835:
818:
814:
808:
806:
798:
793:
789:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
766:ribosomal RNA
761:
755:
752:
749:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
729:
725:
722:
719:
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713:
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628:
624:
621:
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610:
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604:
603:Thomas Steitz
597:Personal life
594:
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581:
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497:
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488:Francis Crick
485:
482:(LMB) at the
481:
477:
473:
446:
444:
441:
440:bacteriophage
437:
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429:
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417:
413:
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361:messenger RNA
358:
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129:Thomas Steitz
127:
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107:
103:
96:
93:
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87:
86:
84:
80:
75:
71:
65:(age 83)
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
8079:
8070:Vincent Poor
8050:Richard Axel
7949:Jenny Nelson
7944:Jim Naismith
7934:Paul Midgley
7929:Irwin McLean
7839:Sally Davies
7829:Peter Colman
7784:Steven Armes
7635:Anna K. Mapp
7581:John Kuriyan
7557:Peter S. Kim
7521:Peter Walter
7491:Richard Axel
7448:
7443:Mark Ptashne
7353:James Watson
7317:Harvey Itano
7233:Eric G. Ball
7020:Donna Berman
6827:Rebecca Lobo
6744:Rosa DeLauro
6718:Anne Garrels
6600:
6534:Helen Keller
6466:Eileen Kraus
6205:Betty Tianti
6150:Sarah Porter
5910:Sandra Faber
5905:Sidney Drell
5735:Leo Kadanoff
5730:James Cronin
5678:Hans Dehmelt
5613:Robert Pound
5579:Robert Sharp
5395:John Sinfelt
5362:Verner Suomi
5329:Lewis Sarett
5193:Lars Onsager
5137:Henry Eyring
5104:John Bardeen
4846:Richard Karp
4814:Allen Newell
4593:Jerzy Neyman
4218:Tung-Yen Lin
4195:Bill Hewlett
4125:Morris Cohen
3719:John W. Cahn
3620:Karl Folkers
3381:Lucy Shapiro
3331:Elaine Fuchs
3210:Ann Graybiel
3140:Janet Rowley
3122:James Watson
3114:Ruth Patrick
2957:Philip Leder
2877:
2827:Mildred Cohn
2775:Severo Ochoa
2752:E. O. Wilson
2187:
2180:
2168:Toronto Star
2167:
2156:. Retrieved
2150:
2135:. Retrieved
2129:
2110:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:
2065:
2053:. Retrieved
2046:the original
2041:
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2013:
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1992:. Retrieved
1988:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1963:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:
1876:
1865:. Retrieved
1861:
1852:
1839:
1830:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1764:
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1736:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1711:
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1683:
1674:
1662:. Retrieved
1658:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1607:
1598:
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1563:
1554:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1493:
1481:. Retrieved
1477:the original
1472:
1462:
1425:
1421:
1411:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:the original
1371:Toronto Star
1370:
1365:
1360:(4): 132–37.
1357:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1317:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1202:, Feb. 2006.
1199:
1184:
1179:, June 2006.
1155:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1102:
1098:
1097:interview".
1085:
1067:
1022:
1018:
1008:
967:
963:
957:
916:
912:
868:
864:
854:
846:the original
821:. Retrieved
816:
792:
770:spliceosomes
763:
759:
600:
588:
582:
578:
563:
544:
540:Susan Berget
536:spliceosomes
525:
514:
507:
469:
436:James Watson
432:biochemistry
420:
397:
382:
340:
339:
329:/joan-steitz
284:Sandra Wolin
255:
224:Institutions
210:Biochemistry
196:
8171:Spliceosome
8111:1941 births
8080:Joan Steitz
8014:Nick Talbot
7999:Colin Smith
7909:Simon Lilly
7884:Tim Holland
7809:Ewan Birney
7695:Howard Hang
7431:C. Fred Fox
7227:George Wald
7138:Sara Bronin
7107:Lisa Cortés
7091:Suzy Whaley
6989:Helena Hill
6910:Nell Newman
6879:Lucia Chase
6832:Jane Pauley
6811:Indra Nooyi
6365:Ann Uccello
6080:Ella Grasso
6020:Anni Albers
5863:Berni Alder
5670:Frank Press
5551:Walter Kohn
5528:George Pake
5462:Walter Munk
5385:Herman Mark
5367:Henry Taube
5155:Jesse Beams
5109:Peter Debye
5091:Harold Urey
5015:Barry Mazur
4577:John Milnor
4471:Amnon Yariv
4415:Leo Beranek
4241:Ernst Weber
4094:Abel Wolman
3685:Thomas Cech
3615:Elkan Blout
3555:Max Tishler
3472:Roger Adams
3430:Simon Levin
2896:Harry Eagle
2719:Paul Gyorgy
2411:Gary Becker
1519:26 November
1483:February 3,
1344:(1): 77–94.
1095:Joan Steitz
424:Joseph Gall
385:Minneapolis
327:/scientists
70:Minneapolis
34:Joan Steitz
18:Joan Steitz
8105:Categories
8060:Steven Chu
8055:Chunli Bai
8029:Tony Watts
8004:Alan Soper
7979:Randy Read
7854:Liam Dolan
7683:Minkui Luo
7377:Bruce Ames
7045:Kica Matos
6984:Elsie Hill
6565:Joan Joyce
6435:Laura Nyro
6298:Margo Rose
6135:Alice Paul
6050:Jody Cohen
5657:Vera Rubin
5296:Paul Flory
4957:Hyman Bass
4830:John Cocke
4733:Raoul Bott
4636:Kurt Gödel
4628:John Tukey
4585:Paul Cohen
4200:George Low
4163:Simon Ramo
3386:Leroy Hood
3187:Carl Woese
3135:Bruce Ames
2646:Ernst Mayr
2137:2018-09-19
2113:(Q1690702)
1867:2022-04-01
1386:2006-11-27
1146:2018-09-11
1105:(6): 428.
785:References
402:degree in
369:eukaryotes
288:Gia Voeltz
59:1941-01-26
7984:David Ron
7849:John Dick
7713:Yimon Aye
7347:Paul Berg
6145:Ann Petry
6090:Mary Hall
5652:Val Fitch
4720:Peter Lax
4490:Shu Chien
3737:John Ross
3452:Chemistry
2840:Paul Berg
2232:laureates
1160:Steitz CV
1093:(2008). "
778:microRNAs
553:are not "
504:ribosomes
412:Alex Rich
404:chemistry
389:Minnesota
357:ribosomes
74:Minnesota
7768:elected
5631:Ed Stone
2628:Jay Lush
2158:July 20,
1587:Archived
1193:Archived
1119:46399783
992:18048652
895:21383073
774:sno RNAs
568:such as
555:junk DNA
532:splicing
306:medicine
135:Children
8038:Foreign
7777:Fellows
7770:in 2014
7764:of the
7762:Fellows
7677:Yi Tang
2106:Scholia
1815:L'Oreal
1309:1107998
1277:Bibcode
1250:4179670
1242:5360547
1222:Bibcode
1078:YouTube
1059:8341661
1027:Bibcode
1000:6173875
972:Bibcode
964:Science
949:4266714
941:7350545
921:Bibcode
886:3051824
746:1982 –
726:1986 –
677:2005 –
670:2006 –
660:2008 –
653:2011 –
646:2009 –
636:2018 –
629:by the
625:2020 –
618:2021 –
551:introns
474:at the
428:Harvard
314:/steitz
298:Website
7721:(2021)
7715:(2020)
7709:(2019)
7703:(2018)
7697:(2017)
7691:(2016)
7685:(2015)
7679:(2014)
7673:(2013)
7667:(2012)
7661:(2011)
7655:(2010)
7649:(2009)
7643:(2008)
7637:(2007)
7631:(2006)
7625:(2005)
7619:(2004)
7613:(2003)
7607:(2002)
7601:(2001)
7595:(2000)
7589:(1999)
7583:(1998)
7577:(1997)
7571:(1996)
7565:(1995)
7559:(1994)
7553:(1993)
7547:(1992)
7541:(1991)
7535:(1990)
7529:(1989)
7523:(1988)
7517:(1987)
7511:(1986)
7505:(1985)
7499:(1984)
7493:(1983)
7487:(1982)
7481:(1981)
7475:(1980)
7469:(1979)
7463:(1978)
7457:(1977)
7451:(1976)
7445:(1975)
7439:(1974)
7433:(1973)
7427:(1972)
7421:(1971)
7415:(1970)
7409:(1969)
7403:(1968)
7397:(1967)
7391:(1966)
7385:(1965)
7379:(1964)
7373:(1963)
7367:(1962)
7361:(1961)
7355:(1960)
7349:(1959)
7343:(1958)
7337:(1957)
7331:(1956)
7325:(1955)
7319:(1954)
7313:(1953)
7307:(1952)
7301:(1951)
7295:(1950)
7289:(1949)
7283:(1948)
7277:(1947)
7271:(1946)
7265:(1945)
7259:(1944)
7253:(1943)
7247:(1942)
7241:(1941)
7235:(1940)
7229:(1939)
7223:(1938)
7217:(1937)
7211:(1935)
1454:316537
1452:
1445:411675
1442:
1307:
1300:388805
1297:
1248:
1240:
1214:Nature
1162:, Yale
1117:
1057:
1047:
998:
990:
947:
939:
913:Nature
893:
883:
547:snoRNP
528:snRNPs
509:Nature
494:, and
478:(MRC)
449:Career
262:(1968)
260:
251:Thesis
203:Fields
188:(2021)
182:(2014)
176:(2012)
170:(2006)
164:(2000)
158:(1986)
152:(1982)
143:Awards
125:Spouse
6942:2020s
6649:2010s
6392:2000s
5998:1990s
5895:2010s
5744:2000s
5593:1990s
5414:1980s
5220:1970s
5068:1960s
4987:2010s
4889:2000s
4778:1990s
4689:1980s
4610:1970s
4538:1960s
4480:2010s
4389:2000s
4281:1990s
4172:1980s
4053:1970s
3948:1960s
3859:2010s
3751:2000s
3605:1990s
3481:1980s
3462:1960s
3358:2010s
3167:2000s
2981:1990s
2799:1980s
2655:1970s
2518:1960s
2460:2010s
2401:2000s
2313:1990s
2273:1980s
2254:1960s
2049:(PDF)
2038:(PDF)
1761:(PDF)
1708:(PDF)
1246:S2CID
1115:S2CID
1050:46959
996:S2CID
945:S2CID
823:8 May
570:lupus
406:from
323:.hhmi
308:.yale
97:(PhD)
7131:2024
7100:2023
7069:2022
7003:2021
6952:2020
6898:2019
6872:2018
6846:2017
6820:2016
6794:2015
6768:2014
6737:2013
6711:2012
6685:2011
6659:2010
6610:2009
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5932:2014
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5287:1974
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5202:1969
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5123:1966
5100:1965
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5074:1963
5032:2013
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5006:2011
4993:2010
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4502:2012
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4121:1976
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3912:2014
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3416:2014
3408:2013
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2021:2018
1996:2018
1971:2018
1943:2018
1918:2018
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1772:2018
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1719:2018
1691:2018
1666:2018
1641:2018
1616:2018
1571:2018
1546:2018
1521:2020
1485:2014
1450:PMID
1339:Cell
1305:PMID
1238:PMID
1055:PMID
988:PMID
937:PMID
891:PMID
825:2014
517:Yale
500:mRNA
325:.org
312:/lab
310:.edu
91:(BS)
76:, US
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1430:doi
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