329:
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141:. The term jitterbug was originally a ridicule used by black patrons to describe whites who started to dance the Lindy Hop, as they were dancing faster and jumpier than was intended, like "jittering bugs", although it quickly lost its negative connotation as the more erratic version caught on. Both the Lindy Hop and the "jitterbug" became popular outside Harlem when the dance was featured in Hollywood films and
755:
Etymology unknown. Usually supposed to be a transferred sense of BUG n.1; but this is merely a conjecture, without actual evidence, and it has not been shown how a word meaning 'object of terror, bogle', became a generic name for beetles, grubs, etc. Sense 1 shows either connection or confusion with
234:
Wentworth and
Flexner explains "jitterbug" as "ne who, though not a musician, enthusiastically likes or understands swing music; a swing fan" or "ne who dances frequently to swing music" or " devotee of jitterbug music and dancing; one who follows the fashions and fads of the jitterbug devotee... To
352:, there were nearly 1,6 million American troops stationed throughout Britain in May 1944. Numbers dwindled thereafter, but as late as April 30, 1945 there were still over 224,000 airmen, 109,000 communications zone troops, and 100,000 in hospitals or preparing to serve as individual replacements.
344:
was levied against night clubs that featured dancing. Although the tax was later reduced to 20%, "No
Dancing Allowed" signs went up all over the country. It has been argued that this tax had a significant role in the decline of public dancing as a recreational activity in the United States.
307:
to waylay the heroes by forcing them to do a jitterbug-style dance. Although the sequence was not included in the final version of the film, the witch is later heard to tell the flying monkey leader, "I've sent a little insect on ahead to take the fight out of them." The song as sung by
410:
featured popular songs of the day, live appearances by musicians, and dancing in the studio. At this time, the most popular fast dance was jitterbug, which was described as "a frenetic leftover of the swing era ballroom days that was only slightly less acrobatic than Lindy".
367:
were doing a "Seabee version" of the jitterbug by
January 1944. By November 1945 after the departure of the American troops following D-Day, English couples were being warned not to continue doing energetic "rude American dancing," as it was disapproved of by the
756:
the earlier budde ; in quot. 1783 at sense 1 shorn bug appears for Middle
English scearn-budde (-bude) < Old English scearn-budda dung beetle, and in Kent the 'stag-beetle' is still called shawn-bug. Compare Cheshire 'buggin, a louse' (Holland).
286:, a former Lindy Hop dancer who regularly performed at the Savoy, noted that the dances performed there were choreographed in advance, which was not always understood by the tourists, who sometimes believed the performers were just dancing socially.
200:
is from the N.Y. Press from 2 April 1930: "The game is played only after the mugs and wenches have taken on too much gin and they arrive at the state of jitters, a disease known among the common herd as heebie jeebies."
355:
Dancing was not a popular pastime in
Britain before the war, and many ballrooms had been closed for lack of business. In the wake of the arrival of American troops, many of these re-opened, installing
385:
item datelined
Hollywood on 9 June 1945 stated that dancer Florida Edwards was awarded a $ 7,870 judgement by the district court of appeals for injuries she sustained while jitterbugging at the
196:
where the character
Isabelle says: "Willie's got the jitters" is answered by a judge "Jitters?" to which Isabelle answers "You know, he makes faces all the time." The second quote in the
378:
reported that
American troops stationed in France in 1945 jitterbugged, and by 1946, jitterbug had become a craze in England. It was already a competition dance in Australia.
216:, in the 19 November 1939 issue, published the lyrics, including: “They’re four little jitter bugs. He has the jitters ev’ry morn; that’s why jitter sauce was born.”
1032:
312:
as
Dorothy and some of the establishing dialogue survived from the soundtrack as the B-side of the disc release of "Over the Rainbow".
348:
World War II facilitated the spread of jitterbug across the
Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. Across the Atlantic in preparation for
859:. Fourth Edition. Harris, Pittman, Waller. 1950, 1955, 1964, 1968. Burgess Publishing Company. No ISBN or catalog number. page 284.
363:
women who had never danced recreationally before made up a large part of the attendees, along with American soldiers and sailors.
118:
824:
means "A feeling of discomfort, apprehension, or depression; the 'jitters'; delirium tremens; also, formerly, a type of dance."
1065:
985:
525:
1179:
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dances formed the basis of the jitterbug, which gave way to the double Lindy Hop when rock and roll became popular.
902:
1142:
341:
790:
801:... and originally referred to one under the influence of gin and bitters" H. W. Fry, rev. of J. T. Shipley's
403:
17:
295:
188:
179:) the word "jitterbug" is a combination of the words "jitter" and "bug"; both words are of unknown origin.
129:
had a no-discrimination policy which allowed whites and blacks to dance together and it was there that the
1112:
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31:
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Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Taxation Under the Auspices of the National Tax Association
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White dancers picked up the energetic jitterbug from dancers at black venues. Venues in the
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117:
in the early 20th century. Many nightclubs had a whites-only or blacks-only policy due to
8:
433:
282:, was a famous cross-cultural venue, frequented by both black locals and white tourists.
235:
dance, esp to jazz or swing music and usu in an extremely vigorous and athletic manner".
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1008:, 24 November 1945. "Britons Drive to End Jiving as Yanks Go Home". page 88
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309:
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231:...and originally referred to one under the influence of gin and bitters".
209:
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of Pittsburgh were popular places for whites to learn the jitterbug. The
162:
960:
936:
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52:
251:
Jitterbugging developed from dances performed by African-Americans at
1102:, San Bernardino, California, Sunday 10 June 1945, Volume 51, page 6.
450:
300:
264:
130:
83:
520:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Temple University Press. p. 238.
1174:. Ken Burke and Dan Griffin. 2006. Chicago Review Press. page 146.
980:. Internet Archive. New York, N.Y. : Oxford University Press.
356:
204:
The first quote containing the term “jitter bug” recorded by the
937:"Some Effects of the Changes in the Federal Cabaret Tax in 1944"
279:
126:
781:(2nd ed.). New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company. p.
349:
857:
Dance a While: Handbook of Folk, Square, and Social Dancing
336:
In 1944, with the United States' continuing involvement in
512:
773:
Wentworth, Harold and Stuart Berg Flexner, ed. (1975).
735:
706:
677:
643:
614:
324:
Jitterbug dancing competition, Trocadero, Sydney, 1948
1172:
The Blue Moon Boys: The Story of Elvis Presley's Band
428:
from 1954 to 1957, listed "jitterbug" along with the
870:Jazz Dance: The Story of American Vernacular Dance
838:Jazz Dance: The Story of American Vernacular Dance
774:
182:The first use of the word "jitters" quoted by the
1022:, January 1944. "The Seabees Can Do It". page 57.
1190:
1136:
977:Tap dancing America : a cultural history
133:dance flourished, started by dancers such as
814:
768:
766:
764:
644:"jitterbug, v. in Oxford English Dictionary"
615:"jitterbug, n. in Oxford English Dictionary"
609:
607:
1053:
820:According to The Oxford English Dictionary
707:"jitter, v.. in Oxford English Dictionary"
672:
670:
668:
636:
436:as "the only dance numbers you can play".
332:Jitterbug dancers, Trocadero, Sydney, 1948
45:
772:
761:
678:"jitter, n. in Oxford English Dictionary"
604:
934:
903:"How the Taxman Cleared the Dance Floor"
518:Frankie Manning: Ambassador of Lindy Hop
327:
319:
242:
219:According to H. W. Fry in his review of
156:
86:dance but might include elements of the
862:
736:"bug, n.2 in Oxford English Dictionary"
699:
665:
78:is a generalized term used to describe
27:Dance style associated with swing dance
14:
1191:
900:
227:in 1945 the word "jitters" "is from a
1054:Clarke, Mary; Crisp, Clement (1981).
999:
997:
832:
830:
973:
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406:and shown across the United States.
868:Stearns, Marshall and Jean (1968).
836:Stearns, Marshall and Jean (1968).
24:
994:
827:
82:. It is often synonymous with the
25:
1210:
1144:The History of American Bandstand
872:. New York: Macmillan. page 330.
840:. New York: Macmillan. page 331.
186:is from 1929, Act II of the play
145:, starring the performance group
293:" was written for the 1939 film
238:
212:song “Jitter Bug”. The magazine
109:Swing dancing originated in the
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359:rather than hiring live bands.
1113:"Edwards v. Hollywood Canteen"
1039:. 18 June 1945. Archived from
974:Hill, Constance Valis (2010).
901:Felten, Eric (17 March 2013).
590:
576:
562:
548:
534:
506:
492:
478:
13:
1:
516:; Cynthia R. Millman (2007).
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404:American Broadcasting Company
315:
1100:The San Bernardino Daily Sun
777:Dictionary of American Slang
152:
7:
1098:United Press, no headline,
584:"The Call of the Jitterbug"
500:"The Call of the Jitterbug"
439:
10:
1215:
1033:"U.S. At War: G.I. Heaven"
221:Dictionary of Word Origins
32:Jitterbug (disambiguation)
29:
598:"Jitterbug and Lindy Hop"
417:Memphis Commercial Appeal
414:In a 1962 article in the
289:A musical number called "
247:Jitterbug dancers in 1938
172:Oxford English Dictionary
63:
44:
891:. Norma Miller. page 63.
305:Wicked Witch of the West
299:. The "jitterbug" was a
106:and other swing dances.
935:COPELAND, JOHN (1945).
744:Oxford University Press
715:Oxford University Press
686:Oxford University Press
652:Oxford University Press
623:Oxford University Press
396:-based television show
161:Dancing the jitterbug,
333:
325:
248:
225:Joseph Twadell Shipley
166:
147:Whitey's Lindy Hoppers
889:Swinging at the Savoy
803:Dict. of Word Origins
402:was picked up by the
331:
323:
246:
189:Strictly Dishonorable
160:
1082:"Muscle beach party"
1057:The History of Dance
740:Subscription service
711:Subscription service
682:Subscription service
648:Subscription service
619:Subscription service
30:For other uses, see
1043:on 3 November 2007.
907:Wall Street Journal
389:the previous year.
57:Marion Post Wolcott
51:Jitterbugging at a
41:
797:1945: " is from a
466:Charleston (dance)
408:American Bandstand
399:American Bandstand
342:federal excise tax
334:
326:
278:, a dance hall in
249:
167:
119:racial segregation
39:
1088:. 8 January 2009.
1067:978-0-85613-270-4
987:978-0-19-539082-7
527:978-1-59213-563-9
424:, who had backed
387:Hollywood Canteen
208:is from the 1934
169:According to the
73:
72:
55:, 1939. Photo by
16:(Redirected from
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1137:Shore, Michael;
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296:The Wizard of Oz
143:Broadway theatre
111:African-American
92:east coast swing
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365:British Samoans
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194:Preston Sturges
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113:communities of
96:collegiate shag
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276:Savoy Ballroom
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123:Savoy Ballroom
121:, however the
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291:The Jitterbug
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261:Carolina shag
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239:Early history
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18:Jitterbugging
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1147:. New York:
1143:
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1120:. Retrieved
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747:. Retrieved
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626:. Retrieved
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394:Philadelphia
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338:World War II
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310:Judy Garland
303:sent by the
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288:
284:Norma Miller
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210:Cab Calloway
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1122:12 December
947:: 321–339.
570:"Jitterbug"
556:"Jitterbug"
542:"Jitterbug"
486:"Jitterbug"
263:and single
257:dance halls
253:juke joints
163:Los Angeles
1139:Dick Clark
1117:Justia Law
1086:Smh.com.au
799:Spoonerism
792:0690006705
749:7 November
720:7 November
691:7 November
657:7 November
628:7 November
472:References
422:Bill Black
420:, bassist
316:Popularity
229:spoonerism
100:charleston
53:juke joint
1060:. Orbis.
1005:Billboard
953:2329-9045
915:0099-9660
805:, Phila.
461:Big Apple
451:Lindy Hop
357:jukeboxes
265:Lindy Hop
214:Song Hits
153:Etymology
131:Lindy Hop
84:lindy hop
76:Jitterbug
40:Jitterbug
1193:Category
1141:(1985).
961:23404801
807:Bulletin
440:See also
340:, a 30%
434:cha-cha
1178:
1155:
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984:
959:
951:
920:30 May
913:
876:
844:
789:
524:
446:Balboa
280:Harlem
259:. The
165:, 1939
127:Harlem
104:balboa
957:JSTOR
430:twist
350:D-Day
68:Swing
64:Genre
1176:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1124:2018
1062:ISBN
1037:Time
982:ISBN
949:ISSN
922:2021
911:ISSN
874:ISBN
842:ISBN
787:ISBN
751:2014
722:2014
693:2014
659:2014
630:2014
522:ISBN
456:Shag
432:and
375:Time
255:and
137:and
88:jive
783:293
301:bug
223:by
206:OED
198:OED
192:by
184:OED
177:OED
125:in
1195::
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175:(
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20:)
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