Jisaburō Ozawa - Knowledge

1260: 1430:, Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, of the impossibility for the crews of his aircraft carriers being ready in time to provide air cover for Kurita's force. Ozawa proposed to have the his and Kurita's forces operate autonomously. This was accepted by Toyoda. Vice-Admiral Ozawa was also ordered to transfer more than half of his pilots to Formosa; these pilots had not been trained to operate from aircraft carriers but could operate from land bases. Ozawa's aircraft carriers, with greatly depleted squadrons, were then assigned the role of decoy; they were to lure the fast American aircraft carriers away and allow Kurita's force of seven battleships and eleven heavy cruisers to reach the landing beaches more easily. Final adjustments were made to the plan after both Shima's and Ozawa's squadrons left their respective bases: the two hybrid carrier-battleships 1311:. The two aircraft carriers sunk on the afternoon of June 19 due to aviation gas fires and explosions. Despite the efforts of the damage control teams, the carriers sunk in part due to the volatility of the poor-quality aviation fuel that the Japanese were forced to use. The Japanese suffered serious losses, in addition to the two fleet carriers sunk, 90% of the approximately 80 planes of the fourth wave were shot down. By late afternoon, the Mobile Fleet retreated northwest to rejoin their tankers, and the American fleet did not pursue them. The aerial part of the battle was nicknamed the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot" by American aviators for the severely disproportional loss ratio inflicted upon Japanese aircraft by American pilots and anti-aircraft gunners. 1318:, believed the excessively optimistic reports of his surviving airmen about the damage inflicted on the American aircraft carriers. In addition, he had a number of planes on Guam and Rota. When he learned of an intercepted message indicating that the American fleet did not know where the Japanese fleet was, he began planning for a new raid. However, by around 3:40 p.m., the Japanese fleet was spotted by American reconnaissance aircraft 220 nautical miles northwest of the American fleet. At 4 p.m., Vice Admiral Mitscher decided, despite the far distance of the Japanese fleet and the advanced hour of the afternoon, to launch an attack of around 180 planes, which took off a quarter of an hour later. By 6:15 p.m. the carrier 1587: 1996: 1786: 118: 138: 44: 1200: 163: 844: 1645: 1524: 600: 761: 1520:

been reduced and no longer represented a real threat, he concentrated his six fast battleships, three heavy cruisers and five large light cruisers on his front to attack the aircraft carriers of Ozawa. At daybreak on October 25, Vice-Admiral Ozawa headed north to attract the American forces further away from San Bernardino Strait.

647:'s location through Japanese submarines. Ozawa's fleet of cruisers and destroyers sortied to intercept Force Z, hoping to engage it in a night battle which never occurred. On the morning of December 10, while Force Z tried to intercept Ozawa's fleet it was attacked by land-based aircraft of the Japanese navy, resulting in the 1422:'s "Second Striking Force" remained based in Japan to replenish carrier squadrons and train new pilots. The next major American offensive was presumed to begin in November 1943 at the earliest. However, things accelerated in mid-September and in early October, as the American bombardments left little doubt about the imminent 1641:" which he interpreted as a harsh and sarcastic rebuke. At 11:15 a.m., when the immobilized Japanese ships were only 40 nautical miles away, he ordered the fast battleships to turn south, in an attempt to intercept Kurita's force. Meanwhile, Vice-Admiral Ozawa continued heading north, with his less damaged ships. 1692:, these ships were a part of TG 38.3 and TG 38.4. Its mission was to pursue the remnants of Ozawa's force. However, Ozawa still had two battleships each armed with eight 14-inch (356 mm) guns, while Vice-Admiral Mitscher no longer had any battleships. Informed that there were no battleships around the 1516:. It was then that American reconnaissance finally spotted his force, Admiral Halsey then decided to face what seemed to him as a new and powerful threat with the entire Task Force 38. He ordered his three Task Groups in the area to concentrate on attacking the Japanese aircraft carriers, and headed north. 1535:

reality they were northeast at 140 nautical miles. The attack did not take place until around 8:40 a.m. To the surprise of American airmen, the Japanese carriers had no aircraft on the flight decks, and virtually no fighter cover. However, the anti-aircraft fire was precise and intense, notably using

1773:, and other pathogens in a biological terror attack upon the population. The submarine crews would infect themselves and run ashore in a suicide mission. Planning for Operation PX was finalized on March 26, 1945, but shelved shortly thereafter due to strong opposition from Army Chief of General Staff 1214:

The idea of the Japanese maneuver (A-Go) was to seek a "decisive battle" with American naval forces providing aerial cover for landings on the Mariana Islands, particularly on Saipan, after Japanese land-based aircraft had weakened them. However, it was American carrier aircraft that struck first. On

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According to American officers who interviewed him after the war, Ozawa made a favorable impression. Although he was elderly and infirm by then, he was composed, had a sharp mind and was well informed. It was from post-war interrogations with Ozawa that historians learned of important changes to the

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as Chief of the General Staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Vice Admiral Ozawa succeeded him as the last Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet. Upon his appointment, he refused a promotion to admiral and remained as a vice admiral until the final disbandment of the Imperial Japanese Navy. He was

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inflicted only light damage. The American cruisers then attacked several small damaged Japanese ships. Around 7:30 p.m., learning of DuBose's relatively weak task group, Vice-Admiral Ozawa decided to turn around with his two battleships and meet the outgunned American forces. But as night fell,

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During the night, warned that Vice-Admiral Kurita's Force had been spotted entering the San Bernardino Strait, Admiral Halsey did not worry. He was convinced that it was only a new manifestation of the Japanese obstinacy in carrying out orders "à la Guadalcanal". He was convinced that this force had

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then were to launch a combined total of six M6A1 floatplanes — which were to use the reconnaissance information to assist them in targeting Allied ships — on 17 August 1945 for a nighttime strike under a full moon against the Ulithi anchorage, each plane armed with an 800-kilogram (1,764 lb) bomb.

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On November 15, 1944, the Mobile Fleet and the 3rd Fleet were disbanded. Vice Admiral Ozawa was appointed vice chief of the General Staff of the Navy and director of the Naval War College. Ozawa led the planning of Operation PX, also known as Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night, a planned Japanese

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at a heavy cost. Of the about 70 planes that took part in the raid, 40 were shot down. A second wave was launched shortly after by the bulk of the Japanese forces. It had almost twice as many aircraft but did not achieve any significant results. Out of almost 130 aircraft engaged, nearly 100 were

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In June 1944 the Imperial Japanese Navy was able to field nine aircraft carriers (3 fleet carriers and 6 light carriers) in a single operational formation, more than it had ever fielded before. Together they were equipped with nearly 500 aircraft. Some carried Japan's newest aircraft models, most

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Ozawa was noted for his innovative ideas in the employment of aircraft carriers. However, he could not, in his most important commands from 1943 onward, succeed in overcoming the superiority of American carrier aviation. In terms of quantity and quality of aircraft, as well as pilot training and

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Admiral Halsey headed south with the fast battleships, three large light cruisers and Task Group 38.2. The mission to finish off Vice Admiral Ozawa fell to Vice Admiral Mitscher with the two Task Groups he had left behind. Mitscher launched two new attacks in the afternoon. The first, at around

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Taking off at 6:30 a.m., 180 aircraft of the first American wave had to wait in the air for an hour and a half for Ozawa's fleet to be precisely located. American intelligence officers estimated that they were north of the carriers of Task Force 38, between 45 and 85 nautical miles, but in

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chose to wait for the impending Japanese attack. He deployed his fast battleships to form a long-range anti-aircraft screen but did not authorize Vice Admiral Mitscher to intercept the 1st Mobile Fleet, so as not risk being forced to retreat, a maneuver that would have put the amphibious forces

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through a message from Kurita at around 4.30 p.m., notifying Ozawa of his retreat. He concluded that he had failed in his mission and considered withdrawing. However, complying with Admiral Toyoda's order to have all forces attack "counting on divine assistance", he sailed south with the

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was crippled by an air attack by Japanese land-based aircraft. That morning he launched 76 planes to attack Task Group 38.3 without results. These pilots were ordered to then go and land on the airfields of Luzon, as the Japanese command was convinced that Ozawa's carriers would all be sunk.

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On December 1, 1936, he was promoted to rear admiral. He taught at the Naval War College in 1936, then held various staff positions, including Chief of Staff of the Combined Fleet in 1937. At the end of 1937, he took command of the 8th Cruiser Division (the cruisers

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alone consisted of seven carriers, eight light aircraft carriers, seven modern battleships and sixteen large cruisers. In addition, American carrier aircraft at that point were as capable, if not even more so, than the newest Japanese aircraft models, including the

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At about 10 a.m., shortly before Vice Admiral Mitscher launched a second attack, Admiral Halsey, who had already received five desperate calls from Vice Admiral Kinkaid, this time received an infamous message from Admiral Nimitz asking, from Pearl Harbour,

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Despite this, the superiority of American carriers at this point of the war, was above all due to better training of carrier pilots and crewmen. American pilots and deck teams greatly benefited from the training provided by two "training aircraft carriers"

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A reorganization of the Japanese naval forces took place at the beginning of 1944. The Combined Fleet was replaced as an operational unit by the 1st Mobile Fleet, which Vice-Admiral Ozawa was given command of on 1 March 1944. The large new aircraft carrier

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Forces involved in the Shō-Gō Plan were divided into parts. Vice-Admiral Kurita's "First Striking Force" returned to anchorage in the Lingga Islands in July, closer to Japan and fuel supplies. But Vice-Admiral Ozawa's "Main Body" force and Vice-Admiral

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in New Guinea. The results of I-Go were inconclusive, but the losses suffered by Japanese carrier aircraft (including that of the 3rd Fleet) against American fighter aircraft were severe. Of the 350 aircraft that took part in I-Go, 55 were destroyed.

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tactics. The emperor then reportedly asked, "But what about the Navy? What are they doing to assist in defending Okinawa? Have we no more ships?" Feeling pressured by the emperor to mount some kind of attack, Japanese Navy high command conceived a

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It was reported that Ozawa contemplated suicide after the defeat, but was dissuaded by a fellow officer, who argued that Ozawa was the only one of the Japanese admirals at the Battle of Leyte Gulf who successfully carried out an assigned mission.

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Task Force 38 had taken the bait and was in contact with the Japanese aircraft carriers, TF38 was north of Luzon, 200 nautical miles away from the San Bernardino Strait. At about 9:30 a.m., because of the damaged transmission systems on

1978:, vocally advocated for continuing the war. Ōnishi claimed that the sacrifice of 20 million more Japanese lives would make Japan victorious, Ozawa reportedly rebuked Ōnishi by asking him who would rebuild Japan if 20 million more men had died. 1569:, meanwhile, received damage that was not irreparable, but the damage inflicted on the flagship's transmission system did not allow Vice Admiral Ozawa to let either Vice Admiral Kurita or Admiral Toyoda know that the diversion was a success. 1085:

fired a spread of torpedoes at her, but they exploded in her wake and she escaped damage. At the end of May 1944, as the 1st Mobile Fleet anchored at Twai-Twai, Vice-Admiral Ozawa was forced to prohibit training sorties on the open ocean.

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attacks launched against Allied naval forces around Okinawa. Kikusui managed to inflict serious damage to the Allies but it ended following the defeat of Japanese land forces on Okinawa, as Ozawa's remaining forces prepared for the

1606:, commanding the fast battleships, to proceed at 25 knots towards the damaged Japanese ships and finish them off with cannon fire. However, the commander of the 3rd Fleet began to receive very alarming messages from Vice-Admiral 1488:. At first, his force was not spotted by the American forces, although it had voluntarily broken off radio silence on October 23. On the morning of October 24, Ozawa found himself about a hundred nautical miles from Rear Admiral 722:

In 3 days, Ozawa's force managed to sink 23 merchant ships (20 in a single day), totaling over 130,000 gross registered tons. In addition, April saw 32,000 tons of shipping sunk by Japanese submarines off India's west coast.

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From September to October 1943, the 3rd Fleet unsuccessfully attempted to intercept American carrier forces which had carried out air raids on Tarawa, Makin, Wake Island and the Marshall Islands. After the massive American

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experience, the Americans outmatched the Japanese carrier forces under Ozawa's command. Ozawa commanded Japanese carrier forces during some of the most significant naval battles that took place in the Pacific Theatre: the

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On the morning of June 19, the first wave of attack was launched by the 3rd Aircraft Carrier Division of Force "C", without coordination with the other forces, inflicting only minimal damage to the battleship

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would say that: "He (Nagumo) was wholly unfitted by background, training, experience, and interest for a major role in Japan’s naval air arm." Nagumo was appointed by the Navy General Staff, rather than the

695:(Sri Lanka) against the British Eastern Fleet, code-named Operation C. At the same time, Vice-Admiral Ozawa, commanding the Malay Force, launched a separate operation against Allied merchant ships in the 1709:

with his destroyers beginning to run low on fuel oil, Rear Admiral DuBose turned back at about 9:50 p.m. Meeting no one, Ozawa turned back north, towards Japan. The Battle of Leyte Gulf had ended.

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He was the first high-ranking officer to recommend that carrier forces be brought together in an Air Fleet so that they could train and fight together. This would eventually lead to the creation of

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aircraft carriers in search of American forces, trying to draw the 3rd Fleet's attention to his decoy force. Ozawa dispatched the two hybrid battleships forward under the command of Rear Admiral

1235:. On June 18, Ozawa sent Vice-Admiral Kurita's "C" Force 150 km to the east as a vanguard. On the evening of June 18, the 1st Mobile Fleet was detected by American submarines, and Admiral 1942:

in the Caroline Islands in late July 1945. In Operation Hikari, the C6N aircraft were to conduct a reconnaissance of Ulithi, noting the presence and location of Allied aircraft carriers and

1700:'s crew had not abandoned ship and fought back with ineffective fire. The Japanese light aircraft carrier, in flames, sank around 4:30 p.m. A final air attack after 5 p.m. against 1992:

publicly announced that his unit would not surrender. Ozawa perceived this as a mutiny and prepared to suppress it. However, the situation came to an end when Kozono fell ill with malaria.

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Vice-Admiral Ozawa was perfectly aware that his forces, with a total of a hundred aircraft (barely more aircraft than one American fleet carrier), was not in a position to confront Admiral

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Ozawa has been noted for his unusual height for a Japanese man of his time period, measuring in at over 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, although his exact height has not been reliably reported.

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Ozawa graduated in 1909 from the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in the 37th class, he was ranked 45th out of 179 students. He served as a midshipman on the ex-Russian protected cruiser

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June 11, the Japanese-held airfields of Rota, Saipan, Tinian and Guam were attacked, resulting in 60% of the 250 aircraft based there being destroyed. Then on June 14, the airfields of

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had already begun on the island of Leyte (one of the main islands of the Philippines), and Vice-Admiral Kurita had already left the Lingga anchorage two days ago and reached Brunei in

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attack. Ozawa criticized Ugaki's suicide, claiming that this was a violation of orders. He then forbid his staff from committing suicide. That same day, the commander of

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The priority for the Imperial Japanese Navy was the construction of new aircraft carriers and the training of new pilots, this task was the responsibility of Admiral

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was the only carrier remaining, immobilized since the morning but still afloat. Halsey detached a task group of four cruisers and nine destroyers under Rear Admiral

1375:. The Japanese military's main strategic concern was the defense of the territory which could be the next main American target. There were four likely targets: the 1031:

of the Central Pacific (nicknamed the "Big Blue Fleet") was able to operate more carriers than the Japanese. The main striking force of the US Navy, Vice Admiral

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in 1928–1929, which had been converted into a training ship. In 1930, he visited the United States and Europe and was promoted to captain on December 1, 1930.

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bombers as possible before fighting to the death. This attack was scheduled to take place between August 19 and 23. However, Japan surrendered on August 15.

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The Japanese defeat in the Philippine Sea made the loss of the Mariana Islands inevitable, which brought the heart of the Empire of Japan within range of the

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Shō-Gō Plan that took place at the eve of the Battle for Leyte Gulf. He also had the reputation of being both courageous and compassionate towards his men.

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was struck by two bombs, one of which detonated above the bridge and killed or wounded virtually everyone there, and sank two hours later. The carriers

1097:"A" Force, commanded by Vice-Admiral Ozawa personally, consisted of the 1st Aircraft Carrier Division, two heavy cruisers of the 5th Cruiser Division ( 808:, which was present at the Battle of Midway, but did not participate in the engagement of June 4, 1942, which had ended disastrously for the Japanese. 1093:, the 1st Mobile Fleet was organized into three forces, similar to American task forces, bringing together aircraft carriers and surface combatants: 3894: 1794: 1757:

upon the West Coast of the United States—specifically, the cities of San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. The planes would spread weaponized

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and Japan. As night fell, the return of American planes to their aircraft carriers took place in great confusion, resulting in significant losses.

1231:(which consisted of land-based naval aircraft), Vice-Admiral Ozawa planned to take advantage of the greater range of his aircraft, and of westerly 1259: 752:

from January to March 1941. In both raids against merchant shipping, Allied merchant ships were not sailing in convoys escorted by large vessels.

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in 1927, then served as an instructor at the Torpedo Naval Service School and the Naval Gunnery School. He later served on the armored cruiser

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of the First Air Fleet. Many contemporaries and historians have doubted his suitability for this command, given his lack of familiarity with

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On June 20, although only a third of the 326 aircraft launched returned to his carriers, Vice-Admiral Ozawa aboard his last major carrier,

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Warner, Oliver; Bennett, Geoffrey; Macyntire, Donald G.F.W.; Uehling, Franck; Wettern, Desmond; Preston, Antony; Mordal, Jacques (1976).

799:, which made up the 1st Carrier Division. Both took part in the attack on Pearl Harbor, but neither were present at the Battle of Midway. 4005: 470:

He commanded the 1st, 4th and 11th Destroyer Groups. From 1932 to 1934 he served as an instructor at the Naval War College and at the

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on June 12, the division was joined by the two cruisers of the 5th Cruiser Division. By then American bombardments have begun on the

738:, causing relatively minor damage. The tonnage and number of ships sunk by Ozawa's force, are comparable to that of the 3-month long 586:

He was promoted to vice admiral on November 15, 1940, his final rank. In June 1941, he became the director of the Naval War College.

327: 223: 3305: 4000: 3995: 1131:"C" Force, commanded by Vice Admiral Kurita, consisted of the 3rd Aircraft Carrier Division, the 1st and 3rd Battleship Divisions ( 3924: 2008: 648: 1744:, who had extensive experience on weaponizing pathogenic bacteria and human vulnerability to biological and chemical warfare. 3934: 2348: 2283: 2179: 2076: 2038: 1967:

on March 11 (No. 3 was cancelled due to weather). None of these attacks on Ulithi materialized because of Japan's surrender.

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Following the disastrous defeat of Ozawa's forces in the Philippines Sea, he submitted his resignation, which was refused.

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He was appointed Ensign 2nd class in late 1910, and promoted to Ensign 1st class in late 1912. He served on the destroyer

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between Vice-Admiral Kurita's large force of battleships, cruisers and destroyers and the heavily outgunned Task Unit of

439: 183: 1192:, triggering Plan A-Go, and Vice Admiral Ugaki was ordered to sail the 1st Mobile Fleet, which was on its way west from 3759: 2386: 2367: 456: 1530:, previously flagship of Vice Admiral Ozawa, early in the afternoon of October 25, 1944, at the Battle off Cape Engaño 994: 803: 3711: 3685: 3664: 3633: 3610: 2402: 2302: 2264: 2245: 2226: 2198: 2160: 2141: 2122: 2099: 2057: 972: 967: 943: 794: 445: 189: 1912: 1454:, three light aircraft carriers, two hybrid battleships, three light cruisers and ten destroyers, left the Japanese 867: 419: 1882:, on June 24 Ozawa ordered Vice Admiral Kinpei Teraoka, commander of the 3rd Air Fleet, to begin preparations for 881:, which had been damaged in the Santa Cruz Islands, was quickly repaired and sent into action. At Guadalcanal the 3880: 1536: 510: 688:. On March 1, 1942, the Southern Expeditionary Fleet was re-designated as the 1st Southern Expeditionary Fleet. 560:'s choice for the command of First Air Fleet, but Yamamoto did not have a strong enough case to remove Nagumo. 1849: 1124: 1070:. Meanwhile, Japanese training sorties on the high seas were constantly under threat from US submarines. While 959: 516: 429: 177: 17: 812: 1732:

was proposed in December 1944. The name for the operation came from the Japanese use of the code name PX for

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At about 08:30, when he had learned of the results of this first attack, Admiral Halsey ordered Vice Admiral

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On 15 August, Hirohito announced the surrender of Japan, hours later Vice Admiral Ugaki personally joined a

866:. The IJN desperately needed to replace the heavy losses suffered by their carrier forces at Midway and the 3914: 1542: 1090: 743: 669:

severely weakened the British Eastern Fleet, which contributed greatly to British defeat in Malaya and the

339: 265: 2174:. Encyclopédie visuelle Elsevier (in French). Translated from English. Paris Bruxelles: Elsevier Séquoia. 1438: 451: 2012: 1611: 1139: 1099: 871: 739: 427:(19th class) in 1921. Promoted to lieutenant commander on December 1, 1921, he embarked on the destroyer 412: 363: 1736:(bubonic plague) infected fleas. In planning the operation, the navy partnered with Lieutenant-General 1133: 1118: 569: 482: 381: 260: 201: 1583:

which had powerful radio systems designed to meet the needs of an admiral's staff commanding a fleet.

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Vice Admiral Ozawa's decoy "Northern Force", comprising one large aircraft carrier, his flagship the

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Operation Storm:Japan's Top Secret Submarines and Its Plan to Change the Course of World War II

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from American and Japanese aircraft during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, as seen from USS

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s crew salutes the flag before abandoning the sinking carrier on the afternoon of October 25

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led to the withdrawal of the 2nd Carrier Division from front-line forces and the return of

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Ozawa as Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Expeditionary Force, November 16, 1941, at

540: 3484: 3433: 3421: 3397: 2639: 1774: 925:, I-Go was an aerial counter-offensive consisting of the bombardments of Guadalcanal, 909:, many aircraft of the 3rd Fleet were momentarily transferred ashore, to take part in 854:(center left) supervise air operations from Rabaul during Operation I-Go in April 1943 783:

The 3rd Fleet was set up as an aircraft carrier task force, in July 1942 it comprised

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Four months later, on November 11, 1942, Vice-Admiral Ozawa was given command of the

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were also damaged, and 40 aircraft were shot down. Ozawa then decided to retreat to

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were also attacked. Trusting overly optimistic reports received from Vice-Admiral

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Pacific Thunder: The US Navy's Central Pacific Campaign, August 1943-October 1944

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On 25 June 1945, Ozawa issued orders for an attack on American ships anchored at

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Later that morning, two critical blows were dealt to the 1st Mobile Fleet by two

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was put into action and joined the 1st Carrier Division on April 5. On April 15,

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Histoire de la guerre sur mer: des premiers cuirassés aux sous-marins nucléaires

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the only wartime commander of the Combined Fleet who did not become an admiral.

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and destroyers. However, Halsey continued to advance north, with his flagship,

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In April 1943, under the orders of Admiral Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief of the

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commandos would crash land on them. The commandos would then destroy as many

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would strafe and bomb American airfields in the Mariana Islands, afterwards,

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cruise ships. These two training carriers operated in the safe waters of the

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Ozawa (front row, center), with the staff of the Combined Fleet, August 1945

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on October 18, 1941, giving him responsibility for naval operations in the

315: 286: 245: 194:, 1st Destroyer Division, 4th Destroyer Division, 11th Destroyer Division, 166: 2295:

The Devil's Doctors: Japanese Human Experiments on Allied Prisoners of War

1660:, which was hit by half-ton armor-piercing bombs from twelve bombers from 3872: 3509: 1388: 1364: 1232: 1067: 772:, replacing Vice-Admiral Nagumo who was reassigned to a shore command in 735: 508:), then, at the end of 1939, the 1st Carrier Division (aircraft carriers 250: 2676: 2566: 2507: 1633:, the modern battleships under Vice Admiral Lee and the large cruisers. 1363:

bombers. The loss of the Marianas precipitated the departure of General

965:, which were converted from two seaplane tenders, joined the 3rd Fleet. 563:

On 1 November 1940, he took command of the 3rd Battleship Division (the

520:). He was one of the main designers of Japanese naval aviation tactics. 3490: 3466: 3454: 3439: 3427: 3403: 2645: 2519: 2329: 2320: 2311: 2052:. Navies of the Second World War. Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd. 1399:

were excluded from the defense perimeter and deemed inevitable losses.

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to the 3rd Carrier Division under the command of Vice-Admiral Ozawa.

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However, the industrial power of the United States was such that the

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was able to locate it 560 km west-southwest of Saipan. Admiral

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Command of the 1st Mobile Fleet and the Battle of the Philippine Sea

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In April 1942, Vice-Admiral Nagumo of the Combined Fleet launched a

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comprising most of Japan's carriers. On 10 April 1941, Vice-Admiral

417: He specialized in torpedo tactics and served on the destroyer 2855: 2747: 2543: 1854:

and eight other warships against Allied forces engaged at Okinawa.

1831: 1818: 1803: 1741: 1216: 1203: 731: 636: 2219:

Historical Dictionary of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare

459:. He was promoted to commander on December 1, 1926. He joined the 3165: 2257:

Unit 731 Testimony: Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program

1762: 1619: 1523: 1380: 1116:, consisted of the 2nd Aircraft Carrier Division, the battleship 1078:, conducting air training on 22 May 1944, the American submarine 930: 885:

was able to contribute to the destruction of the fast battleship

644: 307: 2843: 2483: 1908: 1766: 1463: 1193: 914: 818:

aircraft carriers, which were converted from ocean liners. The

604: 474:. At the end of 1934 he was given command of the heavy cruiser 434: 367: 3536:"「特攻」とは何だったのか森史朗×保阪正康『特攻とは何か』（森史朗著） | 「本の話」編集部 | インタビュー・対談" 2088:

Histoire des batailles navales : de la voile aux missiles

1878:

on the Japanese home islands. In the face of devastating B-29

1674:. The last Japanese aircraft carrier present at Pearl Harbor, 703:

heavy cruisers of the 7th Cruiser Division under Vice Admiral

611:

Vice-Admiral Ozawa was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the

3255: 2980: 2965: 2924: 2825: 2813: 2705: 2657: 2169: 2033:]. Airelles référence (in French). St-Sulpice: Airelles. 1481: 3335: 2711: 2454:

physical stature, over six feet, was massive for a Japanese

1172:

On June 10, the 1st Battleship Division, under Vice-Admiral

346:. He was the last Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet. 3261: 3237: 3213: 3177: 3153: 3105: 1590:

Ozawa transfers his flag from the damaged aircraft carrier

1177: 898:

The 3rd Fleet took part in covering the largely successful

3385: 3083: 3081: 3079: 760: 433:, then joined the staff of the Mako Guard District in the 3624:

A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941-1945

3052: 3030: 3028: 2991: 2989: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2906: 2884: 2882: 1829:

was planning extensive air attacks, including the use of

2795: 1299:, forcing Vice-Admiral Ozawa to transfer to the cruiser 958:. During this period the light aircraft carriers of the 3472: 3285: 3273: 3225: 3201: 3189: 3141: 3129: 3076: 2531: 2471: 2449:

Ukiyo: Stories of "the Floating World" of Postwar Japan

1857:

On May 29, 1945, when Admiral Toyoda succeeded Admiral

1402:

As for the organization of Ozawa's forces, the loss of

639:

on December 8 without being intercepted by the British

3603:

Death of a Navy: Japanese Naval Action in World War II

3578: 3566: 3323: 3117: 3093: 3064: 3040: 3025: 3013: 2986: 2930: 2894: 2879: 2831: 2783: 2771: 2759: 2735: 1959:

Ozawa also authorized Operation Tan No. 4, a surprise

1256:

shot down by anti-aircraft fire and carrier aircraft.

3347: 3001: 2947: 2723: 1716: 839:-class carriers constituted the 2nd Carrier Division. 699:. In this operation, Ozawa commanded a fleet of four 3677:

Blossoms in the Wind: Human Legacies of the Kamikaze

3503: 3501: 3499: 2495: 2341:

Mitsubishi Type 1 Rikko 'Betty' Units of World War 2

676:

From January to March 1942, his fleet supported the

3409: 2867: 2459: 1811:attacks were mostly organized by local commanders. 1345:

Operation Shō-Gō and the defense of the Philippines

950:, the 3rd Fleet withdrew to safer anchorage of the 756:

Command of the 3rd Fleet (November 1942-March 1944)

594: 449:. He served as a torpedo officer on the battleship 3702:Eagle Against the Sun: The American War With Japan 3699: 3621: 3171: 2861: 2849: 2753: 2610: 2598: 2549: 2525: 2513: 2489: 2150: 2131: 3657:Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire 3510:"IJN Submarine I-401: Tabular Record of Movement" 3496: 1970:Just before the surrender of Japan, Vice Admiral 1865:As commander of the Combined Fleet, he continued 1780: 1480:Vice-Admiral Ozawa led his ships to the north of 3977: 3554: 2330:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) (1968). 2321:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) (1976). 2312:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) (1969). 1844:, code name of the suicide attack of battleship 3507: 2092:History of Naval Battles: From Sail to Missiles 1825:, Japanese military leaders explained that the 1168:class), one light cruiser and seven destroyers. 357: 299: 3647:. Princeton University Press. ASIN B0006AR6LA. 3645:The Japanese at Leyte Gulf;: The Sho operation 1886:. The operation was a suicide attack in which 1458:on October 20, 1944, around noon. By then the 1426:. Vice-Admiral Ozawa then reported to Admiral 1367:as Prime Minister. He was replaced by General 623:, he oversaw naval operations relating to the 293: 3888: 2276:The Battle of Okinawa: the blood and the bomb 2011:authorities and served as an advisor for the 1445: 822:-class carriers joined the fleet in mid-1942. 3491:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) 1976 3467:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) 1976 3455:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) 1976 3440:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) 1968 3428:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) 1976 3404:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) 1976 2646:防衛庁防衛研修所戦史室 (Japan Ministry of Defense) 1969 1793:In February 1945, with the formation of the 1722:military attack on American civilians using 1577:, Ozawa transferred his flag to the cruiser 1557:-class aircraft carriers were disabled, and 3600: 2278:(1st ed.). Guilford, CT: Lyons Press. 2050:American battleships, carriers and cruisers 480:, and the following year of the battleship 3902: 3895: 3881: 2564: 2422: 2420: 2094:] (in French). Paris: Éditions Atlas. 1553:. As a result of this air attack, the two 42: 3341: 2801: 2717: 2235: 2153:Japanese aircraft carriers and destroyers 2066: 1639:Where is Task Force 34? The world wonders 1180:northwest of New Guinea, which was under 977:joined at the beginning of 1944. The two 3673: 3572: 3366:Kristoff, Nicholas D. (March 17, 1995). 3365: 3291: 3279: 3267: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3207: 3195: 3183: 3159: 3147: 3135: 3123: 3111: 3099: 3087: 3070: 3058: 3046: 3034: 2207: 1994: 1784: 1643: 1585: 1522: 1507:Ozawa only learned of the result of the 1258: 1198: 842: 759: 598: 3694: 3584: 3508:Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2011). 3329: 3303: 3019: 2995: 2941: 2900: 2888: 2837: 2789: 2777: 2765: 2741: 2729: 2537: 2501: 2477: 2417: 2376: 2216: 2108: 2024: 1999:Ozawa as a Defense Agency advisor, 1955 1801:, navy high command began to supervise 1755:I-400-class submarine aircraft carriers 719:, a light cruiser and four destroyers. 14: 3978: 3478: 3415: 3391: 3007: 2953: 2912: 2625:IJN CHOKAI: Tabular Record of Movement 2560: 2558: 2338: 2292: 2273: 2085: 2047: 1109:), a light cruiser and six destroyers. 1003:became Vice-Admiral Ozawa's flagship. 776:after his forces were defeated at the 455:in 1925, then joined the staff of the 206:, 8th Squadron, Naval Torpedo School, 3876: 3651: 3642: 2873: 2674: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2465: 2445: 2188: 1484:, the northeastern point of which is 1112:"B" Force, commanded by Rear Admiral 902:from Guadalcanal on 26 January 1943. 304:, October 2, 1886 – November 9, 1966) 169:(refused a promotion to full Admiral) 48:Vice Admiral Ozawa Jisaburō (1940-45) 3766:18 February 1937 - 15 November 1937 3619: 3533: 3353: 2426: 2254: 2015:. He died in 1966 at the age of 80. 1974:, who is known as the father of the 1821:on Japan's response to the expected 1424:American invasion of the Philippines 1196:, to the Philippine Sea on June 17. 730:s aircraft also bombed the ports of 379:, on the pre-dreadnought battleship 3807:6 September 1941 - 18 October 1941 2555: 1915:. The orders called for submarines 1696:, DuBose's detachment went to her. 1244:landing at Saipan at greater risk. 437:. He then served on the destroyers 362:Jisaburō Ozawa was born in 1886 in 24: 3594: 2663: 1717:Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night 1182:attack by Allied amphibious forces 1151:), eight heavy cruisers (all four 643:. On December 9, Ozawa learned of 25: 4017: 4006:Japanese admirals of World War II 3721: 3560: 3304:Working, Russell (June 5, 2001). 2377:Cleaver, Thomas McKelvey (2017). 2357: 2191:Japanese Warships of World War II 2134:Japanese battleships and cruisers 1747:The plan for the attack involved 862:, then commander-in-chief of the 707:, his flagship the heavy cruiser 1656:1:30 p.m., fatally damaged 1496:when the light aircraft carrier 868:Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands 595:1st Southern Expeditionary Fleet 228:Vice-chief of Navy General Staff 216:1st Southern Expeditionary Fleet 161: 136: 116: 4001:Imperial Japanese Navy admirals 3996:People from Miyazaki Prefecture 3836:18 November 1944 - 19 May 1945 3527: 3359: 3297: 2360:敵兵を救助せよ!―英国兵422名を救助した駆逐艦「雷」工藤艦長 2334:(in Japanese). 朝雲新聞社 (Asagumo). 2325:(in Japanese). 朝雲新聞社 (Asagumo). 2316:(in Japanese). 朝雲新聞社 (Asagumo). 2018: 1307:torpedoed the aircraft carrier 971:joined at the end of 1943, and 589: 366:, a rural area of Koyu County, 3862:29 May 1945 - 10 October 1945 2565:Caravaggio, Angelo N. (2014). 2439: 1781:Okinawa and the end of the war 1598:, at about 11:00 on 25 October 981:class carriers along with the 764:Ozawa as a Vice Admiral, 1940s 13: 1: 2677:"Midway and the Indian Ocean" 2613:, pp. 6–8, 20–21, 32–33. 2601:, pp. 6–8, 12–13, 26–27. 2452:. Vanguard Press. p. 9. 2401:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 2217:Garrett, Benjamin C. (2007). 2007:Ozawa avoided prosecution by 1357:United States Army Air Forces 900:evacuation of Japanese forces 2115:History of Aircraft Carriers 1963:attack on Ulithi, following 1541:beehive rounds fired by the 1406:and the poor performance of 1091:Battle of the Philippine Sea 613:Southern Expeditionary Fleet 358:Career prior to World War II 352: 340:Battle of the Philippine Sea 320:Southern Expeditionary Fleet 266:Battle of the Philippine Sea 27:Japanese admiral (1886–1966) 7: 3727:Post-war interrogations on 2151:Shuppan Kyodo-sha (1968b). 2132:Shuppan Kyodo-sha (1968a). 1667:and nine "Helldivers" from 1322:and two tankers were sunk. 872:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal 825:The light aircraft carrier 802:The light aircraft carrier 300: 10: 4022: 2208:Woodward, C. Vann (1947). 2067:Macintyre, Donald (1975). 1622:, which only consisted of 1446:The Battle off Cape Engaño 1348: 684:, the main islands of the 461:Naval District of Yokosuka 261:Dutch East Indies Campaign 3910: 3853: 3845: 3827: 3819: 3809: 3798: 3778: 3768: 3753: 3745: 3740: 3628:. Naval Institute Press. 3601:D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). 2381:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2323:戦史叢書93大本営海軍部・聯合艦隊(7)戦争最終期 2210:The battle for Leyte Gulf 2111:Histoire des Porte-Avions 2086:Masson, Philippe (1983). 2025:Ireland, Bernard (2004). 1162:class and all two of the 954:in Sumatran waters, near 787:The large, fast carriers 294: 238: 173: 157: 149: 129: 111: 97: 77: 63: 57: 53: 41: 34: 3643:Field, James A. (1947). 2681:Naval War College Review 2410: 2236:Geoghegan, John (2014). 2109:Preston, Antony (1980). 2031:20th Century Battleships 1814:In March, when briefing 1807:operations. Until then, 946:in November 1943 and on 665:. The loss of two major 423:. He graduated from the 3674:Sheftall, M.G. (2005). 3306:"The trial of Unit 731" 3172:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968a 2862:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968b 2850:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968b 2754:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968b 2611:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968a 2599:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968a 2550:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968b 2526:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968a 2516:, pp. 96–100, 103. 2514:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968a 2490:Shuppan Kyodo-sha 1968a 2274:Feifer, George (2001). 2189:Watts, Anthony (1971). 2027:Cuirassés du 20e siècle 2013:Japanese Defense Agency 1936:reconnaissance aircraft 1565:was rendered immobile. 1295:torpedoed the flagship 1037:Fast Carrier Task Force 1020:and the torpedo bomber 864:Yokosuka Naval District 713:, the aircraft carrier 234:, Maritime Escort Fleet 91:Koyu District, Miyazaki 3904:Imperial Japanese Navy 3620:Dull, Paul S. (1978). 2675:Black, Jeremy (2009). 2528:, pp. 6–8, 26–27. 2339:Tagaya, Osamu (2001). 2000: 1827:Imperial Japanese Army 1790: 1652: 1599: 1531: 1267: 1211: 855: 835:together with the two 765: 621:attack on Pearl Harbor 608: 312:Imperial Japanese Navy 144:Imperial Japanese Navy 2343:. Osprey Publishing. 2314:戦史叢書24 比島・マレー方面海軍進攻作戦 2293:Felton, Mark (2012). 2259:. Tuttle Publishing. 2069:Famous fighting ships 2048:Lenton, H.T. (1968). 1998: 1946:. Submarine carriers 1797:, under Vice Admiral 1788: 1753:aircraft launched by 1647: 1594:to the light cruiser 1589: 1561:sank at about 09:30, 1526: 1509:Battle of Sibuyan Sea 1475:San Bernardino Strait 1262: 1202: 1042:Grumman F6F “Hellcat” 948:Truk in February 1944 944:air attacks on Rabaul 846: 763: 602: 150:Years of service 3915:Minister of the Navy 2427:Parshall, Jonathan. 2362:(in Japanese). 草思社. 1351:Battle of Leyte Gulf 1122:, the heavy cruiser 1068:American Great Lakes 1029:American Third Fleet 987:3rd Carrier Division 629:invasion of Thailand 556:. Ozawa was Admiral 533:carrier battle group 527:, also known as the 398:, the battlecruiser 344:Battle of Leyte Gulf 271:Battle of Leyte Gulf 208:1st Carrier Division 3859:Commander-in-chief 3605:. Devin-Adair Pub. 2720:, pp. 104–106. 2446:Gluck, Jay (1965). 2221:. Scarecrow Press. 2212:. Ballantine Books. 1965:Operation Tan No. 2 1823:invasion of Okinawa 1610:, commander of the 1128:and ten destroyers. 1018:Yokosuka D4Y "Judy" 385:and on the cruiser 3469:, p. 419-421. 3457:, p. 237-238. 3372:The New York Times 3344:, p. 189–191. 3270:, p. 126-127. 3258:, p. 191-192. 3256:Warner et al. 1976 3246:, p. 123-125. 3222:, p. 120-121. 3186:, p. 116-117. 3162:, p. 114-115. 3114:, p. 109-110. 2983:, p. 182-183. 2981:Warner et al. 1976 2968:, p. 182-184. 2966:Warner et al. 1976 2925:Warner et al. 1976 2915:, p. 158-159. 2826:Warner et al. 1976 2814:Warner et al. 1976 2706:Warner et al. 1976 2658:Warner et al. 1976 2255:Gold, Hal (2004). 2001: 1880:air raids on Japan 1791: 1724:biological weapons 1653: 1600: 1532: 1371:at the end of the 1361:B-29 Superfortress 1268: 1212: 1064:side-wheel steamer 1016:, the dive bomber 895:in November 1942. 889:and heavy cruiser 856: 766: 742:raid conducted by 658:and battlecruiser 625:invasion of Malaya 609: 541:commander-in-chief 404:, and the cruiser 3973: 3972: 3871: 3870: 3830:Naval War College 3810:Succeeded by 3801:Naval War College 3791: 3783: 3782:Acting Headmaster 3769:Succeeded by 3749:Iwashita Yasutarō 3741:Military offices 3514:combinedfleet.com 3481:, pp. 95–97. 2864:, pp. 50–52. 2756:, pp. 40–42. 2572:Naval War College 2552:, pp. 14–17. 2433:Combinedfleet.com 2350:978-1-84176-082-7 2297:. Pen and Sword. 2285:978-1-58574-215-8 2193:. Ian Allen Ltd. 2181:978-2-8003-0148-8 2078:978-0-600-35486-4 2040:978-2-88468-038-7 1884:Operation Tsurugi 1867:Operation Kikusui 1543:14 inch main guns 1460:American landings 1397:Western Carolinas 1227:, commanding the 1062:, converted from 1014:"Zero" model A6M5 923:Shortland Islands 874:. Meanwhile, the 686:Dutch East Indies 678:invasions of Java 671:fall of Singapore 549:Nishizō Tsukahara 425:Naval War College 364:Miyazaki District 283: 282: 212:Naval War College 16:(Redirected from 4013: 3897: 3890: 3883: 3874: 3873: 3866:Fleet Dissolved 3846:Preceded by 3820:Preceded by 3789: 3781: 3779:Preceded by 3746:Preceded by 3738: 3737: 3717: 3705: 3691: 3670: 3648: 3639: 3627: 3616: 3588: 3582: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3505: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3356:, p. 89–92. 3351: 3345: 3339: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3061:, p. 14-15. 3056: 3050: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2984: 2978: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2672: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2562: 2553: 2547: 2541: 2540:, p. 68-69. 2535: 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2480:, p. 68-79. 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2429:"Jisaburo Ozawa" 2424: 2406: 2400: 2392: 2373: 2354: 2335: 2326: 2317: 2308: 2289: 2270: 2251: 2232: 2213: 2204: 2185: 2166: 2147: 2128: 2105: 2082: 2063: 2044: 1944:troop transports 1913:Operation Arashi 1897:Giretsu Kuteitai 1842:Operation Ten-Go 1616:combat off Samar 1373:Battle of Saipan 913:. Launched from 848:Isoroku Yamamoto 778:Battle of Midway 740:Operation Berlin 729: 558:Isoroku Yamamoto 472:Army War College 328:1st Mobile Fleet 305: 303: 297: 296: 256:Malayan Campaign 224:1st Mobile Fleet 210:, 3rd Squadron, 165: 142: 140: 139: 131: 122: 120: 119: 104: 101:November 9, 1966 87: 85: 46: 32: 31: 21: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4010: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3969: 3906: 3901: 3861: 3858: 3851: 3840:Post Abolished 3835: 3832: 3825: 3815: 3806: 3803: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3774: 3765: 3763:Chief-of-staff 3762: 3751: 3733:30 October 1945 3729:16 October 1945 3724: 3714: 3696:Spector, Ronald 3688: 3680:. NAL Caliber. 3667: 3636: 3613: 3597: 3595:Further reading 3592: 3591: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3545: 3543: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3506: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3477: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3453: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3426: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3402: 3398: 3390: 3386: 3376: 3374: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3336: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3302: 3298: 3290: 3286: 3278: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3214: 3206: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3174:, pp. 138. 3170: 3166: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3134: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3086: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3033: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2994: 2987: 2979: 2972: 2964: 2960: 2952: 2948: 2940: 2931: 2923: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2899: 2895: 2887: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2716: 2712: 2704: 2700: 2673: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2644: 2640: 2631: 2629: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2609: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2563: 2556: 2548: 2544: 2536: 2532: 2524: 2520: 2512: 2508: 2500: 2496: 2492:, pp. 6–9. 2488: 2484: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2460: 2444: 2440: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2370: 2358:惠, 隆之介 (2006). 2351: 2305: 2286: 2267: 2248: 2229: 2201: 2182: 2163: 2144: 2125: 2102: 2079: 2060: 2041: 2021: 1987:Atsugi Air Base 1892:Mitsubishi G4Ms 1783: 1775:Yoshijirō Umezu 1734:Pestis bacillus 1719: 1682:was also sunk. 1624:escort carriers 1545:of battleships 1494:Task Group 38.3 1448: 1353: 1347: 1190:Mariana Islands 1074:was at sea off 1009: 850:(far left) and 758: 744:two battleships 727: 655:Prince of Wales 617:South China Sea 597: 592: 370:Island, Japan. 360: 355: 291: 279: 191:Destroyer No. 3 137: 135: 124:Empire of Japan 117: 115: 106: 102: 89: 88:October 2, 1886 83: 81: 59: 49: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4019: 4009: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3900: 3899: 3892: 3885: 3877: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3856:Combined Fleet 3852: 3847: 3843: 3842: 3837: 3826: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3808: 3797: 3794:Nagumo Chūichi 3780: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3767: 3756:Combined Fleet 3752: 3747: 3743: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3723: 3722:External links 3720: 3719: 3718: 3712: 3692: 3686: 3671: 3665: 3653:Frank, Richard 3649: 3640: 3634: 3617: 3611: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3587:, p. 284. 3577: 3565: 3563:, p. 317. 3553: 3526: 3495: 3493:, p. 421. 3483: 3471: 3459: 3444: 3442:, p. 626. 3432: 3430:, p. 273. 3420: 3408: 3406:, p. 254. 3396: 3384: 3358: 3346: 3342:Geoghegan 2014 3334: 3332:, p. 159. 3322: 3296: 3294:, p. 189. 3284: 3282:, p. 132. 3272: 3260: 3248: 3236: 3234:, p. 122. 3224: 3212: 3210:, p. 119. 3200: 3198:, p. 118. 3188: 3176: 3164: 3152: 3150:, p. 111. 3140: 3138:, p. 113. 3128: 3116: 3104: 3092: 3090:, p. 107. 3075: 3063: 3051: 3039: 3024: 3022:, p. 156. 3012: 3010:, p. 184. 3000: 2998:, p. 155. 2985: 2970: 2958: 2956:, p. 154. 2946: 2944:, p. 154. 2929: 2927:, p. 181. 2917: 2905: 2903:, p. 144. 2893: 2891:, p. 152. 2878: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2840:, p. 148. 2830: 2828:, p. 175. 2818: 2816:, p. 171. 2806: 2804:, p. 150. 2802:Macintyre 1975 2794: 2792:, p. 126. 2782: 2780:, p. 124. 2770: 2768:, p. 130. 2758: 2746: 2744:, p. 128. 2734: 2722: 2718:Macintyre 1975 2710: 2708:, p. 154. 2698: 2662: 2660:, p. 153. 2650: 2648:, p. 434. 2638: 2628:, Nihon Kaigun 2615: 2603: 2591: 2554: 2542: 2530: 2518: 2506: 2494: 2482: 2470: 2468:, p. 353. 2458: 2438: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2388:978-1472821881 2387: 2374: 2369:978-4794214997 2368: 2355: 2349: 2336: 2332:戦史叢書17沖縄方面海軍作戦 2327: 2318: 2309: 2303: 2290: 2284: 2271: 2265: 2252: 2246: 2233: 2227: 2214: 2205: 2199: 2186: 2180: 2167: 2161: 2148: 2142: 2129: 2123: 2106: 2100: 2083: 2077: 2064: 2058: 2045: 2039: 2020: 2017: 1876:final showdown 1869:, a series of 1782: 1779: 1759:bubonic plague 1718: 1715: 1447: 1444: 1377:Ryūkyū Islands 1349:Main article: 1346: 1343: 1184:. Arriving at 1170: 1169: 1129: 1110: 1008: 1005: 952:Lingga Islands 911:Operation I-Go 907:Combined Fleet 852:Jinichi Kusaka 841: 840: 823: 809: 800: 757: 754: 693:raid on Ceylon 651:of battleship 596: 593: 591: 588: 554:Combined Fleet 545:naval aviation 539:was appointed 537:Chūichi Nagumo 359: 356: 354: 351: 332:Combined Fleet 301:Ozawa Jisaburō 289:Jisaburō Ozawa 281: 280: 278: 277: 276: 275: 274: 273: 268: 263: 258: 242: 240: 236: 235: 232:Combined Fleet 175: 171: 170: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 133: 127: 126: 113: 109: 108: 105:(aged 80) 99: 95: 94: 79: 75: 74: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 36:Jisaburō Ozawa 35: 26: 18:Jisaburo Ozawa 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4018: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3940:Warship Units 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3920:General Staff 3918: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3909: 3905: 3898: 3893: 3891: 3886: 3884: 3879: 3878: 3875: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3850: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3824: 3818: 3814: 3805: 3802: 3795: 3787: 3777: 3773: 3772:Takahashi Ibō 3764: 3761: 3757: 3750: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3715: 3713:0-394-74101-3 3709: 3704: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3687:0-451-21487-0 3683: 3679: 3678: 3672: 3668: 3666:0-14-100146-1 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3635:0-87021-097-1 3631: 3626: 3625: 3618: 3614: 3612:0-8159-5302-X 3608: 3604: 3599: 3598: 3586: 3581: 3575:, p. 24. 3574: 3573:Woodward 1947 3569: 3562: 3557: 3542:(in Japanese) 3541: 3537: 3530: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3492: 3487: 3480: 3475: 3468: 3463: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3441: 3436: 3429: 3424: 3417: 3412: 3405: 3400: 3393: 3388: 3373: 3369: 3362: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3311: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3292:Woodward 1947 3288: 3281: 3280:Woodward 1947 3276: 3269: 3268:Woodward 1947 3264: 3257: 3252: 3245: 3244:Woodward 1947 3240: 3233: 3232:Woodward 1947 3228: 3221: 3220:Woodward 1947 3216: 3209: 3208:Woodward 1947 3204: 3197: 3196:Woodward 1947 3192: 3185: 3184:Woodward 1947 3180: 3173: 3168: 3161: 3160:Woodward 1947 3156: 3149: 3148:Woodward 1947 3144: 3137: 3136:Woodward 1947 3132: 3126:, p. 72. 3125: 3124:Woodward 1947 3120: 3113: 3112:Woodward 1947 3108: 3102:, p. 35. 3101: 3100:Woodward 1947 3096: 3089: 3088:Woodward 1947 3084: 3082: 3080: 3073:, p. 25. 3072: 3071:Woodward 1947 3067: 3060: 3059:Woodward 1947 3055: 3049:, p. 18. 3048: 3047:Woodward 1947 3043: 3037:, p. 19. 3036: 3035:Woodward 1947 3031: 3029: 3021: 3016: 3009: 3004: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2982: 2977: 2975: 2967: 2962: 2955: 2950: 2943: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2926: 2921: 2914: 2909: 2902: 2897: 2890: 2885: 2883: 2876:, p. 61. 2875: 2870: 2863: 2858: 2852:, p. 58. 2851: 2846: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2798: 2791: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2767: 2762: 2755: 2750: 2743: 2738: 2732:, p. 48. 2731: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2707: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2659: 2654: 2647: 2642: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2600: 2595: 2587: 2583: 2580:(1): 85–118. 2579: 2575: 2573: 2568: 2561: 2559: 2551: 2546: 2539: 2534: 2527: 2522: 2515: 2510: 2504:, p. 70. 2503: 2498: 2491: 2486: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2462: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2421: 2416: 2404: 2398: 2390: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2304:9781783032624 2300: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2266:9780804835657 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2247:9780770435738 2243: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2228:9780810864375 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2200:0-7110-0215-0 2196: 2192: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2162:0-356-01475-4 2158: 2154: 2149: 2145: 2143:0-356-01475-4 2139: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2124:2-09-292040-5 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2103: 2101:2-7312-0136-3 2097: 2093: 2089: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2059:0-356-01511-4 2055: 2051: 2046: 2042: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2005: 1997: 1993: 1991: 1990:Yasuna Kozono 1988: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1927:to transport 1926: 1925: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1888:Yokosuka P1Ys 1885: 1881: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1853: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1795:5th Air Fleet 1787: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1725: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1659: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1640: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1502: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1476: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1434: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1393:Palau Islands 1390: 1386: 1385:Kuril Islands 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1359:' long-range 1358: 1352: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1283: 1282: 1276: 1274: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1254: 1253: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229:1st Air Fleet 1226: 1222: 1218: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1158:, two of the 1157: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1092: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1060: 1054: 1053: 1045: 1043: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1004: 1002: 998: 997: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 975: 970: 969: 964: 962: 957: 953: 949: 945: 939: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 901: 896: 894: 893: 888: 884: 880: 879: 873: 869: 865: 861: 860:Mineichi Koga 853: 849: 845: 838: 834: 830: 829: 824: 821: 817: 815: 810: 807: 806: 801: 798: 797: 792: 791: 786: 785: 784: 781: 779: 775: 771: 762: 753: 751: 750: 745: 741: 737: 733: 726: 720: 718: 717: 712: 711: 706: 702: 698: 697:Bay of Bengal 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 668: 667:capital ships 664: 663: 657: 656: 650: 646: 642: 641:Eastern Fleet 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 606: 601: 587: 584: 582: 581: 576: 572: 571: 566: 561: 559: 555: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 531:, a combined 530: 526: 525:1st Air Fleet 521: 519: 518: 513: 512: 507: 506: 501: 500: 495: 494: 487: 485: 484: 479: 478: 473: 468: 466: 462: 458: 454: 453: 448: 447: 442: 441: 436: 435:Pengu Islands 432: 431: 426: 422: 421: 416: 414: 409: 408: 403: 402: 397: 396: 391: 389: 384: 383: 378: 377: 371: 369: 365: 350: 347: 345: 341: 335: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 302: 290: 288: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 252: 249: 248: 247: 244: 243: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 204: 199: 198: 193: 192: 187: 186: 181: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 134: 128: 125: 114: 110: 100: 96: 92: 80: 76: 72: 71: 66: 62: 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 3865: 3854: 3849:Toyoda Soemu 3839: 3828: 3799: 3754: 3701: 3676: 3656: 3644: 3623: 3602: 3585:Cleaver 2017 3580: 3568: 3556: 3544:. Retrieved 3539: 3529: 3517:. Retrieved 3513: 3486: 3474: 3462: 3435: 3423: 3418:, p. 7. 3411: 3399: 3387: 3375:. Retrieved 3371: 3361: 3349: 3337: 3330:Garrett 2007 3325: 3313:. Retrieved 3309: 3299: 3287: 3275: 3263: 3251: 3239: 3227: 3215: 3203: 3191: 3179: 3167: 3155: 3143: 3131: 3119: 3107: 3095: 3066: 3054: 3042: 3020:Preston 1980 3015: 3003: 2996:Preston 1980 2961: 2949: 2942:Preston 1980 2920: 2908: 2901:Preston 1980 2896: 2889:Preston 1980 2869: 2857: 2845: 2838:Preston 1980 2833: 2821: 2809: 2797: 2790:Preston 1980 2785: 2778:Preston 1980 2773: 2766:Preston 1980 2761: 2749: 2742:Preston 1980 2737: 2730:Ireland 2004 2725: 2713: 2701: 2684: 2680: 2653: 2641: 2632:December 15, 2630:, retrieved 2624: 2618: 2606: 2594: 2577: 2570: 2545: 2538:Ireland 2004 2533: 2521: 2509: 2502:Ireland 2004 2497: 2485: 2478:Ireland 2004 2473: 2461: 2453: 2448: 2441: 2432: 2378: 2359: 2340: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2294: 2275: 2256: 2237: 2218: 2209: 2190: 2171: 2152: 2133: 2114: 2110: 2091: 2087: 2068: 2049: 2030: 2026: 2019:Bibliography 2006: 2002: 1982: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1960: 1953: 1947: 1932: 1929:Nakajima C6N 1922: 1916: 1906: 1895: 1870: 1864: 1856: 1850: 1845: 1837: 1830: 1813: 1808: 1802: 1799:Matome Ugaki 1792: 1771:dengue fever 1749: 1746: 1730:Operation PX 1728: 1720: 1711: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1648: 1635: 1629: 1614:, about the 1601: 1595: 1591: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1518: 1506: 1499: 1479: 1468: 1451: 1449: 1437: 1431: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1354: 1340: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1280: 1277:submarines, 1272: 1269: 1263: 1252:South Dakota 1251: 1246: 1213: 1207: 1174:Matome Ugaki 1171: 1164: 1159: 1153: 1148: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1123: 1117: 1104: 1098: 1088: 1081: 1071: 1058: 1051: 1046: 1026: 1012:notably the 1010: 1000: 995: 991: 982: 978: 973: 966: 960: 940: 927:Port Moresby 919:Bougainville 904: 897: 890: 886: 882: 877: 857: 836: 832: 827: 819: 813: 804: 795: 789: 782: 767: 749:Kriegsmarine 747: 724: 721: 714: 709: 705:Takeo Kurita 701:Mogami-class 690: 675: 661: 654: 619:. After the 610: 590:World War II 585: 578: 574: 568: 564: 562: 528: 522: 515: 509: 503: 497: 491: 488: 481: 476: 469: 464: 450: 444: 438: 428: 418: 411: 405: 399: 393: 386: 380: 374: 372: 361: 348: 336: 316:World War II 287:Vice-Admiral 285: 284: 246:World War II 239:Battles/wars 202: 196: 190: 184: 178: 167:Vice Admiral 103:(1966-11-09) 68: 67:"Gargoyle" ( 29: 3991:1966 deaths 3986:1886 births 3833:Headmaster 3823:Itō Seiichi 3813:Itō Seiichi 3804:Headmaster 3706:. Vintage. 3659:. Penguin. 3519:October 24, 3479:Tagaya 2001 3416:Feifer 2001 3394:, chpt. 10. 3392:Felton 2012 3310:Japan Times 3008:Masson 1983 2954:Masson 1983 2913:Lenton 1968 1738:Shirō Ishii 1604:"Ching" Lee 1538:Sanshikidan 1486:Cape Engaño 1389:Philippines 1233:trade winds 1221:Chichi Jima 1210:, June 1944 985:formed the 736:Vizagapatam 376:Soya Varyag 251:Pacific War 64:Nickname(s) 54:Native name 3980:Categories 3790:Headmaster 3786:Abe Kasuke 3546:January 1, 3534:「本の話」編集部. 2874:Watts 1971 2687:(4): 135. 2466:Watts 1971 2071:. Hamlyn. 1848:, cruiser 1630:New Jersey 1456:Inland Sea 1208:Birmingham 1022:B6N "Jill" 883:Enterprise 878:Enterprise 633:Kota Bahru 547:. Admiral 529:Kidō Butai 443: and 330:, and the 112:Allegiance 84:1886-10-02 3945:Air Units 3760:1st Fleet 3377:August 6, 3354:Gold 2004 3315:August 6, 2693:0028-1484 2586:0028-1484 2397:cite book 2240:. 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The 816:-class 774:Sasebo 710:Chōkai 605:Saigon 570:Haruna 505:Jintsu 499:Sendai 493:Nagara 483:Haruna 465:Kasuga 420:Hinoki 388:Kasuga 382:Mikasa 368:Kyūshū 295:小沢治三郎 203:Haruna 141: 132:branch 121: 58:小沢治三郎 3950:Ships 3930:Ranks 2411:Notes 2113:[ 2090:[ 2029:[ 1955:I-401 1949:I-400 1933:Saiun 1902:B-29s 1680:Zuihō 1671:Essex 1596:Ōyodo 1580:Ōyodo 1551:Hyūga 1482:Luzon 1439:Hyūga 1420:Shima 1408:Ryūhō 1369:Koiso 1297:Taihō 1154:Takao 1145:Kongō 1100:Myōkō 1052:Sable 1001:Taihō 996:Taihō 983:Zuihō 833:Ryūhō 828:Ryūhō 805:Zuihō 728:' 725:Ryūjō 716:Ryūjō 565:Kongō 511:Akagi 452:Kongō 395:Arare 107:Japan 3731:and 3708:ISBN 3682:ISBN 3661:ISBN 3630:ISBN 3607:ISBN 3548:2024 3521:2020 3379:2015 3317:2015 2689:ISSN 2634:2013 2582:ISSN 2403:link 2383:ISBN 2364:ISBN 2345:ISBN 2299:ISBN 2280:ISBN 2261:ISBN 2242:ISBN 2223:ISBN 2195:ISBN 2176:ISBN 2157:ISBN 2138:ISBN 2119:ISBN 2096:ISBN 2073:ISBN 2054:ISBN 2035:ISBN 2009:SCAP 1952:and 1940:Truk 1924:I-14 1921:and 1918:I-13 1704:and 1669:USS 1662:USS 1628:USS 1549:and 1498:USS 1436:and 1404:Hiyō 1365:Tōjō 1330:and 1324:Hiyō 1320:Hiyō 1286:USS 1284:and 1279:USS 1273:Gato 1250:USS 1219:and 1178:Biak 1165:Tone 1147:and 1137:and 1103:and 1080:USS 1057:USS 1055:and 1050:USS 933:and 887:Hiei 876:USS 837:Hiyō 820:Hiyō 814:Hiyō 793:and 734:and 680:and 660:HMS 653:HMS 635:and 577:and 575:Hiei 567:and 517:Kaga 514:and 502:and 477:Maya 430:Take 401:Hiei 197:Maya 179:Take 158:Rank 98:Died 78:Born 3540:本の話 1938:to 1740:of 1702:Ise 1547:Ise 1492:'s 1433:Ise 1035:'s 583:). 486:. 334:). 3982:: 3538:. 3512:. 3498:^ 3447:^ 3370:. 3308:. 3078:^ 3027:^ 2988:^ 2973:^ 2932:^ 2881:^ 2685:62 2683:. 2679:. 2665:^ 2578:67 2576:. 2569:. 2557:^ 2431:. 2419:^ 2399:}} 2395:{{ 1931:1 1777:. 1769:, 1765:, 1761:, 1726:. 1466:. 1379:, 1291:. 1143:, 989:. 929:, 917:, 780:. 673:. 573:, 496:, 326:, 322:, 298:, 230:, 226:, 222:, 218:, 214:, 200:, 188:, 182:, 3896:e 3889:t 3882:v 3716:. 3690:. 3669:. 3638:. 3615:. 3550:. 3523:. 3381:. 3319:. 2695:. 2588:. 2435:. 2405:) 2391:. 2372:. 2353:. 2307:. 2288:. 2269:. 2250:. 2231:. 2203:. 2184:. 2165:. 2146:. 2127:. 2104:. 2081:. 2062:. 2043:. 1637:" 607:. 415:. 390:. 292:( 86:) 82:( 73:) 20:)

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