360:
722:
440:(vizier), the army proclaimed the 5-year-old Duleep Singh as sovereign. At first the new wazir, Hira Singh, took little notice of the young Maharaja and his mother. Jind Kaur became fiercely defensive of the rights of her son and pleaded with the regimental committees to protect his position asking 'who is the real sovereign, Duleep Singh or Hira Singh? If the former, then the KhÄlsÄ should ensure that he was not a king with an empty title.' The council supported her and she gradually became the symbol of sovereignty. She took control of the government with the approval of the army and cast off her veil. As Regent, she reconstituted the Supreme Council of the
543:
411:
652:
492:
45:
618:, who had been Nepal's Prime Minister in 1838-39. Amar Bikram Shah's residence in the Narayanhiti area provided her with the facilities and dignity offered to royalty. But whenever outsiders came, she would disguise herself and was introduced as a âmaid from Hindusthanâ. âRani Jind Kaur had chosen to stay at Amar Bikram Shah's residence because
673:
his letter in one from Sir John Login so that it would not be intercepted or dismissed as a forgery. The
Resident reported that the Rani had 'much changed, was blind and had lost much of the energy which formerly characterised her.' The British decided that she was no longer a threat and on 16 January 1861 she was permitted to join her son at
688:. Soon after her arrival, Lady Login visited with her three youngest children. She had heard tales of the Maharani's beauty and influence and strength of will and was curious to meet the woman who had wielded such power. Her compassion was aroused when she met a tired half-blind woman, her health broken and her beauty vanished.
672:
on his behalf and find out how his mother was managing. This attempt was also doomed to failure and the Pundit was forbidden to contact the
Maharani. Duleep Singh then decided to go himself, using the pretext of a tiger shoot in Bengal. In 1860 he wrote to the British Resident in Kathmandu, enclosing
613:
Following Punjab's annexation, the
British imprisoned the Rani in Chunnar fort near Varanasi. However, two years later in 1849, she managed to escape from the fort disguised as a maid and traveled 800 km north to reach Kathmandu. Initially, she stayed at the residence of Amar Bikram Shah, son of
605:
The mid-19th century was a time of great political upheaval in the Indian subcontinent with expanding
British power. Noting the common adversary in the British, Nepal's Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa and Maharaja Ranjit Singh forged a secret alliance against the British. However, Maharaja Ranjit Singh
393:
On 7 June 1864 her son Duleep Singh married Bamba MĂźller, daughter of Ludwig and Sofia MĂźller, by whom he had four sons, one of whom died in infancy, and three daughters. After the death of his first wife he married Ada
Wetherill, daughter of Charles and Sarah Wetherill, and had two more daughters.
622:
was one of the key officials engaged in forging an alliance between Nepal and Punjab against the
British when Maharaja Ranjit Singh was alive. She stayed in Amar Bikram Shah's house for a few months before she decided to come out of her hiding and approach the then Prime Minister Jung Bahadur Rana.
570:
and reduced her pension to 48,000 rupees. The bitterest blow to the
Maharani was the separation from her 9-year-old son. She wrote to Lawrence imploring him to return Duleep to her. "He has no sister, no brother. He has no uncle, senior or junior. His father he has lost. To whose care has he been
509:
and declared himself to be the ruler of the Punjab. A force commanded by Chatar Singh besieged the fort and forced him to surrender on the promise of a safe conduct. However
Jawahar Singh had decided that he posed too great a risk to the young Maharaja and he was secretly taken back to Attock and
481:
province and a powerful and influential member of the Sikh nobility. Army pay was increased. Gulab Singh was brought to Lahore to face charges of treachery and his nephew, Hira Singh, was replaced as wazir by
Jawahar Singh. Gulab Singh was allowed to return to Jammu after paying a fine of 6,800,000
717:
in
Yorkshire. Attempts were made to arrange a separate establishment for her on the estate, but she was determined not to be separated from her son again. In the last two years of her life she reminded the Maharaja of his Sikh heritage and told him of the empire that had once been his, sowing the
389:
Aulakh and an elder sister, who married Sardar Jawala Singh Padhania, the Chief of Padhana in the Lahore District. Manna Singh extolled Jind Kaur's beauty and virtues to Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who summoned and married her in 1835 by sending his 'arrow and sword' to the village. On 6 September 1838
319:
she was replaced in December 1846 by a Council of Regency, under the control of a British Resident. However, her power and influence continued and, to counter this, the British imprisoned and exiled her. Over thirteen years passed before she was again permitted to see her son, who was taken to
525:
are described fully elsewhere. The Sikhs lost the war, due, they claimed, to the treachery of their commander-in-chief, Lal Singh and Raja Tej Singh, who failed to attack when the British were at his mercy during the battle of Ferozeshah and later sank the Sikh bridge of boats in the
677:, in Calcutta. At the time several Sikh regiments were returning home via Calcutta at the end of the Chinese war. The presence of Sikh royalty in the city gave rise to demonstrations of joy and loyalty. The hotel was surrounded by thousands of armed Sikhs and the Governor-General,
534:, signed in March 1846, were punitive but the seven-year-old Duleep Singh remained as Maharaja and Jind Kaur was to remain as regent. However, in December, she was replaced by a Council of Regency, controlled by a British Resident, and awarded an annual pension of 150,000 rupees.
609:
Rani Jind Kaur became the regent in 1843, as her son King Duleep Singh was still an infant. Led by her, Punjab went to war with the British in 1845. Lahore sent for help to Kathmandu, but the court in Kathmandu was divided and King Rajendra Bikram Shah did not respond positively.
690:"Yet the moment she grew interested and excited in a subject, unexpected gleams and glimpses through the haze of indifference and the torpor of advancing age revealed the shrewd and plotting brain of her, who had once been known as the 'Messalina of the Punjab'."
663:
sent the Governor-General of India a letter which he had intercepted from Duleep Singh to Jind Kaur, suggesting that she come to England. The letter was dismissed as a forgery. However, shortly afterwards Duleep Singh commissioned Pundit
472:
In tackling these problems, the Maharani had the advice and support of the newly appointed council of elder statesmen and military leaders. To strengthen her power base, Jind Kaur betrothed Duleep Singh to the daughter of
504:
Pashaura Singh arrived in Lahore in January 1845. He was received with honour but was persuaded to return to his estates by the army and a promise of an increase in his jagir. However, in July he took the fort at
642:
and an allowance was set by the Nepali government. The British Resident in Kathmandu kept an eye on her, believing that she was still intriguing to revive the Sikh dynasty. She lived in Nepal for 11 years.
314:
After the assassinations of Ranjit Singh's first three successors, Duleep Singh came to power in September 1843 at the age of 5 and Jind Kaur became Regent on her son's behalf. After the Sikhs lost the
1261:
761:
in Lahore. In 1997, a marble headstone with her name was uncovered during restorations at the Dissenters' Chapel in Kensal Green and in 2009 a memorial to the Maharani was installed at the site.
451:, half brother of Duleep Singh, was seeking to replace Duleep Singh as Maharaja. The feudal chiefs wanted a reduction in the taxation imposed on them by Hira Singh and the restoration of their
684:
During the passage to England, Duleep Singh wrote to Sir John Login, who had been his guardian throughout his adolescence in British hands, asking him to find a house for his mother near
465:
and uncle of Hira Singh, had taken most of the Lahore Treasury. The power struggle between the various Sikh factions was continuing and some were secretly negotiating with the British
733:
was illegal in Great Britain before 1885 and Duleep Singh was refused permission to take his mother's body to the Punjab, so it was kept for a while in the Dissenters' Chapel in
718:
seeds that twenty years later led him to research for weeks in the British Library and to petition Queen Victoria, hoping naĂŻvely to remedy the injustice he had suffered.
1677:
444:
and restored a balance between the army and the civil administration. She held court, transacted State business in public and reviewed and addressed the troops.
593:
A year later she escaped from the Chunar Fort, disguised as a servant, and travelled through 800 miles of forest to ask for sanctuary in Nepal. She arrived at
359:
700:"she forthwith decorated herself, and her attendants, with an assortment of the most wonderful necklaces and earrings, strings of lovely pearls and emeralds"
586:, and her jewellery was taken from her. Her treatment by the two Residents caused deep resentment among Sikhs. The Muslim ruler of neighbouring Afghanistan,
885:
457:, land grants from which they received income. The army wanted an increase in pay. The cost of the civil and military administration had increased and
721:
1227:
961:
1681:
840:
Since she was the daughter of his friend-officer who hailed from a nearby village (Chichrianwali) of his own birth-place, Gujranwala
753:
had been denied by British authorities. The memorial in Bombay was maintained by the Kapurthala State authorities until 1924, when
554:. However, the Sikh commanders were seething at what they saw as his treachery. When in August 1847 Duleep Singh refused to invest
1164:
706:
shows her wearing some of the jewels, including the emerald and pearl necklace, which was sold by auction on 8 October 2009 at
2178:
1372:
518:
773:, a docudrama short was released by Michael Singh and starred Indian actress Diana Pinto as the Maharani. In January 2020,
2218:
2086:
698:. These arrived at Lancaster Gate just before the Maharani returned Lady Login's visit, and her delight was so great that
694:
While in India Duleep Singh had negotiated the return of the Maharani's jewellery, which had been kept in the treasury at
510:
strangled. For his involvement in this, Jawahar Singh was stabbed to death in front of his sister, the agonised Maharani.
2203:
2193:
1120:
2213:
1185:
1134:
1003:
783:
1338:
861:
678:
575:
1262:"In conversation with Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni: The bestselling author on new book The Last Queen, and her craft"
458:
307:, but her fame is derived chiefly from the fear she engendered in the British in India, who described her as "the
1646:
2173:
1249:
917:
781:
a book inspired of her life. She is also a major character in George MacDonald Fraser's comic historical novel
729:
In the morning of 1 August 1863 Maharani Jind Kaur died peacefully in her sleep in Abingdon House, Kensington.
2198:
1895:
1107:
418:
After the death of Ranjit Singh, Jind Kaur and her son lived in relative obscurity under the care of Raja
2066:
542:
1201:
1860:
1527:
774:
578:, described her as "the rallying point of rebellion" and exiled her from Punjab. She was taken to the
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2132:
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1765:
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1472:
1365:
1235:
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703:
559:
514:
474:
52:
2137:
2116:
1467:
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Telegram on Maharani Jind Kaur's death, sent by Duleep Singh to his guardian Sir John Login, 1863
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in India, where it was cremated, and he erected a small samadhi in memory of his mother on the
681:, requested Duleep Singh, as a favour, to leave for England with his mother by the next boat.
378:
Jind Kaur Aulakh was born in Chachar, Gujranwala, the daughter of Manna Singh Aulakh, into an
2051:
1920:
1890:
1669:
1628:
734:
386:
332:
303:. She was renowned for her beauty, energy and strength of purpose and was popularly known as
223:
98:
550:
After the war the British rewarded the leaders who had helped them, including Lal Singh and
2188:
2183:
2056:
1950:
1755:
1608:
1595:
1552:
1358:
522:
316:
288:. However, on the same day the British took full control and refused to accept the claims.
8:
1945:
1880:
1870:
395:
833:
2020:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1885:
1760:
1740:
1665:
1636:
1575:
1507:
1452:
995:
587:
491:
466:
328:
1287:
889:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2142:
1985:
1970:
1850:
1618:
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1492:
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1334:
1181:
1130:
999:
857:
807:
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890:
812:
635:
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410:
348:
170:
902:
521:, issued a proclamation declaring war on the Sikhs. The causes and conduct of the
347:(memorial) in Lahore of her husband, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, by her granddaughter,
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2015:
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989:
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746:
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200:
1178:
Remnants of the Sikh Empire: Historical Sikh Monuments in India & Pakistan
2167:
2076:
1807:
1725:
1081:
1054:
985:
737:. In the spring of 1864 the Maharaja obtained permission to take the body to
478:
327:
and took her with him back to England, where she remained until her death in
879:
394:
All his children died without issue. One, by Duleep Singh's first marriage,
2010:
1817:
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entrusted?" She did not see her son again for thirteen and a half years.
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109:
65:
35:
495:
The killing of Jawahar Singh on 21 September 1845, as portrayed in the '
1975:
1709:
1415:
1410:
742:
431:
192:
160:
1905:
1900:
730:
669:
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555:
551:
368:
308:
196:
44:
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died suddenly in 1839 and the Sikh Kingdom started to disintegrate.
385:
family the overseer of the royal kennels. She had an elder brother,
695:
583:
331:, on 1 August 1863 at the age of 46. She was temporarily buried in
281:
174:
61:
31:
707:
324:
254:
230:
116:
590:, protested that such treatment is objectionable to all creeds.
1775:
750:
738:
506:
441:
436:
379:
364:
340:
336:
323:
In January 1861 Duleep Singh was allowed to meet his mother in
105:
1350:
626:
The Rani was given asylum by the Prime Minister of Nepal and
462:
453:
423:
702:, to wear during the visit. The portrait of the Maharani by
430:. On 16 September 1843, after the assassination of Maharaja
280:
was dissolved on 29 March 1847 the Sikhs claimed her as the
1292:
484:
1313:, Harbans Singh, Editor-in-Chief, Punjabi University, 2002
382:
1112:
291:
She was the youngest wife of the first Maharaja of the
880:"Jind Kaur (1817â1863), maharani and regent of Lahore"
854:
Royals and Rebels:The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire
546:
Drawing of Maharani Jind Kaur rallying the Sikh troops
562:, imprisoned the Maharani in the Samman Tower of the
915:
363:A wall painting of Maharani Jind Kaur from the old
878:
713:For a while Duleep Singh moved with his mother to
566:and, ten days later, moved her to the fortress in
447:The young Maharani was faced with many problems.
2165:
390:she gave birth to her only child, Duleep Singh.
1319:, Oxford University Press, January 2012 edition
574:The following year, the new British Resident,
1366:
1129:] (in Nepali). Vidarthi Pustak Bhandar.
991:The encyclopaedia of Sikhism: Volume II: EâL
877:Bance, Bhupinder Singh (23 September 2004).
1317:The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
944:
942:
940:
1373:
1359:
757:moved her remains and the memorial to the
646:
558:as Raja of Sialkot, the British Resident,
1682:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
916:Herpreet Kaur Grewal (31 December 2010).
856:. London: C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited.
831:
276:from 1843 until 29 March 1847. After the
1150:
1148:
1146:
1127:Chief Historical Palaces of the Rana Era
1052:
979:
977:
975:
973:
937:
790:Maharani Jind Kaur is also portrayed in
720:
650:
630:with full dignity as a Queen consort of
541:
490:
409:
358:
349:Princess Bamba Sofia Jindan Duleep Singh
886:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
749:. Jind Kaur's wishes to be cremated in
488:) and promising future good behaviour.
299:, and the mother of the last Maharaja,
2166:
1175:
1169:
983:
396:Princess Sophia Alexandra Duleep Singh
343:. Her ashes were finally taken to the
1354:
1143:
1122:Ranakalin Pramukh Atihasik Darbarharu
970:
876:
851:
1225:
918:"Rebel Queen â a thorn in the crown"
414:Jind Kaur with her son, Duleep Singh
1202:"Maharaja Ranjit Singh Information"
1118:
1082:"Pashaura Singh Kanvar (1821-1845)"
1079:
335:and cremated the following year at
272:â 1 August 1863) was regent of the
13:
784:Flashman and the Mountain of Light
14:
2230:
1119:JBR, PurushottamShamsher (2007).
600:
426:that was governed by his brother
1248:The Guardian, 31 December 2010,
764:
513:On 13 December 1845 the British
402:movement in the United Kingdom.
43:
1380:
1304:
1280:
1254:
1242:
1226:Basu, Shrabani (26 July 2009).
1219:
1194:
1157:
1100:
1073:
1046:
1037:
537:
469:forces amassing on the border.
18:2nd Maharani of the Sikh Empire
1028:
1019:
951:
909:
870:
845:
838:. Singh Brothers. p. 13.
825:
1:
818:
266:
125:
121:
75:
2179:19th-century Indian monarchs
1108:The Annexation of the Punjab
1088:. Punjabi University Patiala
1061:. Punjabi University Patiala
957:Anglo-Sikh Heritage Trail â
948:Christy Campbell â Chapter 5
903:UK public library membership
7:
2219:19th-century women monarchs
1311:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism
801:
367:of Sandhanwalia Sardars at
10:
2235:
2204:Women from the Sikh Empire
2194:19th-century women regents
1741:British East India Company
1345:Lady Login's Recollections
1165:emerald and pearl necklace
1034:Christy Campbell â preface
775:Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
405:
284:and successor of Maharaja
2214:19th-century Indian women
2153:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
2133:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
2125:
2099:
2082:Johann Martin Honigberger
2039:
1941:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
1833:
1826:
1790:
1718:
1692:
1660:
1627:
1594:
1551:
1443:
1434:
1388:
1055:"Gulab Singh (1792-1857)"
832:Ahluwalia, M. L. (2001).
755:Princess Bamba Sutherland
640:Thapathali durbar complex
634:. A brand new residence,
475:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
354:
250:
242:
229:
217:
206:
182:
146:
142:
132:
115:
104:
93:
82:
71:
60:
49:Maharani Jind Kaur at 45
42:
28:
23:
2143:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
2138:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
1333:, Harper Collins, 2010,
1086:Encyclopaedia of Sikhism
1059:Encyclopaedia of Sikhism
582:, about 45 km from
2148:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
2026:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
1206:maharajaranjitsingh.com
759:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
647:Reunion and final years
620:Chautariya Pushkar Shah
616:Chautariya Pushkar Shah
497:Illustrated London News
97:Sikh Empire annexed by
1981:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
1966:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
1956:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
1936:Sher Singh Attariwalla
1931:Sham Singh Attariwalla
1827:Officials and warriors
1736:Emirate of Afghanistan
1642:Battle of Chillianwala
1326:, Punjab Govt. Records
1176:Bansal, Bobby (2015).
1154:Lady Login, Chapter 14
895:10.1093/ref:odnb/73521
726:
656:
547:
501:
415:
375:
2174:Indian female royalty
2062:François Henri Mouton
2052:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
1891:Khushal Singh Jamadar
1678:Panchayati Revolution
1674:Hill StatesâSikh Wars
1629:Second Anglo-Sikh War
984:Hasrat, B.J. (2011).
852:Atwal, Priya (2020).
735:Kensal Green Cemetery
724:
654:
632:Maharaja Ranjit Singh
545:
494:
449:Pashaura Singh Kanvar
413:
362:
333:Kensal Green Cemetery
224:Maharaja Duleep Singh
211:Maharaja Ranjit Singh
2199:19th-century regents
2100:Influential families
2057:Claude Auguste Court
2047:Jean-François Allard
1961:Surat Singh Majithia
1951:Lehna Singh Majithia
1756:Hill States Alliance
1609:Battle of Ferozeshah
1596:First Anglo-Sikh War
1228:"Rebel With a Cause"
998:. pp. 381â383.
964:21 July 2011 at the
576:Sir Frederick Currie
530:. The terms of the
523:First Anglo-Sikh War
398:, was active in the
317:First Anglo-Sikh War
78:1847 (nominal power)
1946:Amar Singh Majithia
1881:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
1672:, KatochâSikh War,
1347:, Smith Elder, 1916
1343:E Dalhousie Login,
1331:The Maharajah's Box
1163:Description of the
1043:ODNB â Duleep Singh
638:, was built in the
213:(m.1829; died 1839)
2107:Sandhawalia family
2021:Sultan Mahmud Khan
2006:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
1991:Sangat Singh Saini
1886:Dewan Mokham Chand
1761:Kingdom of Mankera
1637:Battle of Ramnagar
1581:Battle of Peshawar
1576:Battle of Nowshera
1453:Battle of Bhangani
1329:Christy Campbell,
1324:Maharani Jind Kaur
1288:"The Black Prince"
1268:. 17 February 2021
1180:. Hay House, Inc.
1106:All About Sikhs â
996:Punjabi University
959:Maharani Jind Kaur
835:Maharani Jind Kaur
727:
657:
655:Duleep Singh, 1861
588:Dost Mohammad Khan
548:
519:Sir Henry Hardinge
502:
477:, the Governor of
467:East India Company
416:
376:
329:Kensington, London
263:Maharani Jind Kaur
246:Manna Singh Aulakh
99:East India Company
24:Maharani Jind Kaur
2161:
2160:
2095:
2094:
2067:Alexander Gardner
1986:Kahan Singh Nakai
1971:Akali Phula Singh
1851:Diwan Bhawani Das
1688:
1687:
1619:Battle of Sobraon
1571:Battle of Shopian
1053:Jagjit Singh, K.
1025:B S Nijjar' â p10
901:(Subscription or
808:Jung Bahadur Rana
661:Jung Bahadur Rana
659:In November 1856
628:Jung Bahadur Rana
528:battle of Sobraon
459:Gulab Singh Dogra
260:
259:
2226:
2209:Regents of India
1916:Balbhadra Kunwar
1876:Hari Singh Nalwa
1866:Misr Diwan Chand
1856:Diwan Buta Singh
1831:
1830:
1771:Barakzai dynasty
1746:Kingdom of Nepal
1700:Sikh Khalsa Army
1652:Battle of Gujrat
1614:Battle of Aliwal
1586:Battle of Jamrud
1566:Battle of Multan
1561:Battle of Attock
1553:AfghanâSikh wars
1445:Mughal-Sikh Wars
1441:
1440:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1298:
1297:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1238:on 30 June 2013.
1234:. Archived from
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1141:
1140:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
994:(3rd ed.).
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813:Charburja Durbar
792:The Black Prince
636:Charburja Durbar
532:Treaty of Lahore
515:Governor-General
311:of the Punjab".
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2016:Fakir Azizuddin
1926:Mehta Basti Ram
1846:Diwan Dina Nath
1822:
1786:
1766:Namgyal dynasty
1714:
1693:Military forces
1684:
1656:
1647:Siege of Multan
1623:
1604:Battle of Mudki
1590:
1547:
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1384:
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666:Nehemiah Goreh
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190:(aged 45)
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387:Jawahar Singh
384:
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366:
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318:
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264:
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245:
241:
238:(by marriage)
237:
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205:
202:
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186:1 August 1863
185:
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172:
169:(present-day
166:
162:
149:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
120:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
89:(as Maharaja)
88:
85:
81:
74:
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67:
63:
59:
54:
51:(Portrait by
46:
41:
38:
37:
33:
27:
22:
16:
2011:Ilahi Bakhsh
1871:Diwan Mulraj
1861:Pratap Singh
1818:Zorawar Fort
1473:2nd Anandpur
1468:1st Anandpur
1426:Duleep Singh
1420:
1401:Kharak Singh
1396:Ranjit Singh
1344:
1330:
1323:
1322:B S Nijjar,
1316:
1310:
1305:Bibliography
1291:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1256:
1244:
1236:the original
1231:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:
1196:
1177:
1171:
1159:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1085:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1058:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
990:
953:
927:. Retrieved
923:The Guardian
921:
911:
884:
872:
853:
847:
839:
834:
827:
796:Shabana Azmi
789:
782:
778:
770:
768:
745:side of the
728:
712:
699:
693:
689:
683:
679:Lord Canning
658:
625:
612:
608:
604:
592:
573:
549:
538:Imprisonment
512:
503:
499:
483:
471:
452:
446:
435:
417:
392:
377:
344:
322:
313:
304:
301:Duleep Singh
297:Ranjit Singh
290:
286:Duleep Singh
262:
261:
188:(1863-08-01)
137:Duleep Singh
87:Duleep Singh
29:
15:
2189:1863 deaths
2184:1817 births
1996:Hukma Singh
1911:Gulab Singh
1841:Dhian Singh
1813:Lahore Fort
1803:Multan Fort
1798:Jamrud Fort
1751:Qing Empire
1719:Adversaries
1705:Fauj-i-Khas
1382:Sikh Empire
1250:Rebel Queen
580:Chunar Fort
568:Sheikhupura
564:Lahore Fort
482:rupees (68
428:Gulab Singh
420:Dhian Siáš
gh
400:suffragette
305:Rani Jindan
293:Sikh Empire
278:Sikh Empire
274:Sikh Empire
270: 1817
236:Sukerchakia
165:Sikh Empire
110:Sikh Empire
83:Predecessor
66:Sikh Empire
36:Sikh Empire
2168:Categories
2040:Foreigners
2001:Veer Singh
1976:Chandu Lal
1710:Fauj-i-Ain
1416:Sher Singh
1411:Chand Kaur
1011:15 January
905:required.)
819:References
743:Panchavati
461:, Raja of
432:Sher Singh
369:Raja Sansi
193:Kensington
161:Gujranwala
1906:Lal Singh
1901:Tej Singh
1778:of Poonch
1528:Jalalabad
1437:conflicts
1421:Jind Kaur
1266:Firstpost
1211:4 October
1092:18 August
1065:18 August
929:4 October
777:released
769:In 2010,
731:Cremation
670:Kathmandu
668:to visit
595:Kathmandu
556:Tej Singh
552:Tej Singh
320:England.
309:Messalina
197:Middlesex
94:Successor
2126:Treaties
1508:Sadhaura
1478:Chamkaur
1435:Military
962:Archived
802:See also
614:General
584:Varanasi
434:and his
373:Amritsar
325:Calcutta
282:Maharani
251:Religion
175:Pakistan
62:Maharani
32:Maharani
1834:Natives
1776:Sudhans
1523:Lohgarh
1503:Sirhind
1493:Sonepat
1488:Muktsar
988:(ed.).
708:Bonhams
696:Benares
406:Regency
339:, near
255:Sikhism
152: (
133:Monarch
124:1843 â
117:Regency
108:of the
64:of the
34:of the
1661:Others
1498:Samana
1463:Basoli
1458:Nadaun
1389:Rulers
1337:
1184:
1133:
1002:
899:
860:
751:Lahore
739:Bombay
507:Attock
479:Hazara
454:jagirs
442:Khalsa
380:Aulakh
365:haveli
355:Family
345:samadh
341:Bombay
337:Nashik
243:Father
207:Spouse
171:Punjab
106:Regent
72:Tenure
1791:Forts
1543:Delhi
1533:Jammu
1518:Rahon
1483:Sarsa
1272:4 May
1125:[
463:Jammu
437:wazir
424:Jammu
231:House
219:Issue
1335:ISBN
1293:IMDb
1274:2021
1213:2015
1182:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1094:2015
1067:2015
1013:2020
1000:ISBN
931:2015
858:ISBN
485:lakh
183:Died
154:1817
150:1817
147:Born
128:1847
30:2nd
891:doi
794:by
422:at
383:Jat
371:in
2170::
1680:,
1676:,
1668:,
1290:.
1264:.
1230:.
1204:.
1145:^
1084:.
1057:.
972:^
939:^
920:.
883:.
798:.
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517:,
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295:,
267:c.
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126:c.
122:c.
76:c.
1374:e
1367:t
1360:v
1296:.
1276:.
1215:.
1190:.
1139:.
1096:.
1069:.
1015:.
933:.
897:.
893::
866:.
265:(
177:)
156:)
55:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
