270:
formulate a response that takes multiple factors into account. The commitment to living our
Judaism publicly should then push us to take public action on these principles, both as individuals and as a community. If we succeed in facilitating this rich conversation, she says, we will create a new kind of Jewish politics in America. Rather than trade sound bites, we will continue the talmudic tradition of dialogue, in which various questioners and commentary engage in an often messy conversation that eventually leads to a fuller understanding of the situation at hand. Jews who now exercise their commitments to public life outside of the Jewish community, she says, will find a place within this community, as they contribute their own wisdom and observations to the conversation. ... We will witness the emergence of a Judaism that views ritual observance, study, and engagement in the world as an integrated whole, rather than as separate and distinct practices. The Jewish community’s deepened involvement in public life will change the face of religious politics in America, as other communities will recognize the Jewish community as an important and authentic religious voice in the public square of America.
307:. The JTS administration censored the article, and David Freidenreich, the student editor of the bulletin, quit in protest. Jacobs and Freidenreich distributed around the school a copy of the censored article along with Freidenreich's letter of resignation. Gordis heard about the article and sent an e-mail excoriating Jacobs to his list of several thousand correspondents. Jacobs responded with a public plea for civil dialogue. Gordis sent a follow-up e-mail apologizing for any personal embarrassment he caused, without retracting any of his earlier comments.
1615:
1381:
298:
Jacobs does not personally support the BDS (Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions) movement, but has criticized legislation to stifle boycotts against Israel and
Israeli settlements. Jacobs has said these laws violate the First Amendment and open the door to broader government control of public discourse.
269:
This approach precludes quoting a simplified version of Jewish law or text in order to prove a point, or asserting that Jewish law unequivocally demands a certain approach to an issue. Rather, Jewish sources should help us to see various sides of an issue, challenge our assumptions, and help us to
265:
When Jews engage in the public discourse as Jews, we should bring Jewish law and principles into the conversation in such a way as to enrich, rather than shut down, the discourse. We should also bring into this dialogue Jews and others who are engaged in public life; the conversation among rabbis,
274:
She claims individual Jews and Jewish institutions will strengthen their commitment to public life, as the question of how to address current issues becomes part of the general Jewish conversation, rather than something separate from it or as an add-on to discussion of
Shabbat, kashrut, and other
187:’s 2013 list of “Women to Watch.” She has written many articles on issues relating to Judaism and social justice. She has covered topics including Jewish social justice, education, and tzedakah. She is a former columnist for
282:
During Trump’s campaign for 2020 reelection, Jacobs opposed many of the president's actions, saying his campaign trafficked in anti-Semitism alongside racism, xenophobia, misogyny, homophobia, ableism and
Islamophobia.
842:
278:
Jacobs frequently called out the Trump administration for what she saw as its disregard for democracy and human rights at home and abroad: “Now is the time for principled opposition, not accommodation.”
1112:
328:
275:
aspects of Jewish practice. Throughout her work, Jacobs integrates Jewish legal and narrative text, social science research, and stories of people she has met and with whom she has worked.
499:
1708:
295:, legislating the equality of all Israeli citizens, and committing to democracy. She has said that “non-political programming” is for political show and that policy change is needed.
266:
public policy experts, grassroots activists, and Jewish communal professionals should generate a nuanced understanding of how the Jewish community might approach individual issues.
667:
198:
administration’s equation of antisemitism with disagreements toward the
Israeli government and the funneling of American tax dollars to Israeli "extremist" groups.
1043:
623:
1138:
351:
358:
1648:
1089:
992:
1066:
797:
322:
860:
107:
1693:
1658:
1587:
316:
1678:
1673:
816:
257:
Jacobs's approach to
Judaism and social justice is driven by a belief that Jews should be involved in the public square as Jews. In
245:
in 1997. She is married to Rabbi Guy
Austrian and has two daughters. She spent the 2009–2010 academic year as a Jerusalem Fellow at
707:
671:
1243:
234:
57:
693:
1663:
1653:
975:
111:
1668:
303:. She wrote an article for the JTS student bulletin in which she critiqued Israel's policies toward Arab neighborhoods in
292:
340:“Bread, roses, and chutzpah: Jewish women in American social movements,” in The New Jewish Feminism, Jewish Lights, 2008
1688:
1683:
631:
291:
Jacobs believes a more positive and productive relationship between
American Jews and Israel will depend on ending the
449:
1718:
482:
524:
299:
In 2003, Jacobs, then a rabbinical student at the Jewish
Theological Seminary, got into a public debate with Rabbi
579:
1713:
1252:
210:
135:
1018:
396:“When the Rabbis Cry: Talmudic Responses to Injustice in the Biblical Text,” The Reconstructionist, Summer 2002
246:
213:, for blocking traffic to protest a grand jury’s decision not to indict the New York police officer who choked
653:
405:“The Yetziah Ceremony: Rethinking the Jewish Coming of Age,” The Reconstructionist, Fall 1998 (with Mik Moore)
387:
1723:
343:“Health Care in Judaism,” in Jewish Choices, Jewish Voices: Social Justice, Jewish Publication Society, 2008
722:
1577:
1236:
1698:
1482:
1139:"NEIGHBORHOOD REPORT: MORNINGSIDE HEIGHTS; A Rift at Jewish Theological Over an Article About Israel"
230:
906:
882:
1262:
131:
388:
The defense has become the prosecution: Ezrat HaNashim, a thirteenth-century response to misogyny
377:“Reclaiming Talmudic Judaism: An Aggadic Approach to Halakhah,” Conservative Judaism, Winter 2006
237:
in 2003 and also earned an MA in Talmud at the same time. She earned an MS in Urban
Affairs from
1703:
1643:
183:
s list of the 50 Most Influential Rabbis in America in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012, and to the
1619:
1602:
1478:
1229:
1189:
415:
127:
609:
1638:
1592:
1502:
1413:
1329:
1311:
103:
8:
242:
146:
130:
in America, seen through a Jewish viewpoint. She has served as the Rabbi in Residence of
47:
1067:"15 American-Jewish Leaders on how to bridge the divide between Israel and the Diaspora"
346:“Living Wage,” in Jewish Choices, Jewish Voices: Money, Jewish Publication Society, 2008
149:'s Committee on Jewish Law and Standards that says that Jews should pay their workers a
1597:
1512:
1359:
1335:
933:
116:
Where Justice Dwells: A Hands-On Guide to Doing Social Justice in Your Jewish Community
971:
478:
167:
newspaper's list of fifty influential American Jews in 2006, 2008, and 2011; and to
1522:
1365:
968:
There Shall Be No Needy: Pursuing Social Justice Through Jewish Law & Tradition
206:
202:
1221:
1090:"Americans shouldn't forfeit their freedom of speech so states can support Israel"
1553:
1546:
1437:
1353:
1323:
843:"Your tax dollars are propping up the intellectual heirs to an Israeli terrorist"
474:
There Shall Be No Needy: Pursuing Social Justice through Jewish Law and Tradition
472:
399:“From Sukkah to Ma'akeh: The Halakhah of Housing,” Tikkun, September/October 2000
335:
There Shall Be No Needy: Pursuing Social Justice through Jewish Law and Tradition
169:
120:
There Shall be No Needy: Pursuing Social Justice through Jewish Law and Tradition
349:“From Pumbedita to Washington: Rabbinic text, urban policy and social reality,”
1492:
1472:
1449:
1443:
1425:
1419:
304:
238:
184:
52:
194:
A contributor to The Washington Post, Jacobs has written on antisemitism, the
1632:
1508:
1488:
1347:
1017:
Dias, Elizabeth; Haberman, Maggie; Durston, Ellen Almer (December 12, 2019).
300:
214:
771:
1518:
1468:
1431:
1407:
1401:
1019:"Trump's Order to Combat Anti-Semitism Divides Its Audience: American Jews"
745:
587:
550:
195:
383:“Toward a Halakhic Definition of Poverty,” Conservative Judaism, Fall 2004
1498:
1317:
1164:
934:""Al tifrosh min hatzibur," (Don't distance yourself from the community)
218:
163:
154:
150:
233:, where she attended Framingham public schools. She was ordained by the
1341:
393:“The Living Wage: A Jewish Approach,” Conservative Judaism, Spring 2003
365:
334:
176:
s list of "thirty-six under thirty-six" in 2008. She was also named to
380:“Steps toward a Jewish Urban Theology,” Tikkun, September/October 2006
1395:
1165:"E-mail Spat Shines Light On Volatile Israel Debates After the Fire"
1567:
450:"Rabbi Jill Jacobs Will Head Rabbis for Human Rights-North America"
142:
123:
970:. Woodstock, Vermont: Jewish Lights Publishing. pp. 220–221.
361:
Teshuvah passed by the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, 2008
1582:
1292:
1286:
161:
s list of the fifty most influential rabbis in 2009 and 2010; to
1113:"How to tell when criticism of Israel is actually anti-Semitism"
861:"Rabbi Jill Jacobs, Randi Weingarten arrested at Garner protest"
1216:
624:"36 Under 36: The Next Wave SOCIAL JUSTICE & GLOBAL CHANGE"
371:
286:
329:
How to tell when criticism of Israel is actually anti-Semitism
126:, poverty, health care, housing, labor, criminal justice, and
798:"Trump still appears to believe all Jews are really Israelis"
817:"The false comfort of Trump's condemnation of anti-Semitism"
1044:"'Very Fine People': An Oral History of Trump and the Jews"
323:
Trump still appears to believe all Jews are really Israelis
1709:
Jewish Theological Seminary of America semikhah recipients
1380:
931:
252:
241:, CUNY, in 2003, and a BA in Comparative Literature from
434:
352:
Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies
993:"Why Jews have a special obligation to resist Trump"
1251:
1016:
991:Jacobs, Jill; Sokatch, Daniel (November 21, 2016).
402:“The Sacrifice of Shelah,” Living Text, Summer 1999
1088:Ben Ami, Jeremy; Jacobs, Jill (January 15, 2020).
134:and as the Director of Outreach and Education for
574:
572:
497:
1630:
1136:
1162:
569:
447:
106:rabbi who serves as the executive director of
1237:
1087:
990:
863:. Jewish Telegraphic Agency. December 4, 2014
932:Rabbi Marcelo R. Bronstein (December 2009).
435:"T'ruah: The Rabbinic Call for Human Rights"
317:American Jews, Stop Funding Jewish Terrorism
287:Approach to Israeli-Palestinian relationship
769:
746:"Coming Up Short on the Tzedakah Yardstick"
743:
668:"The 50 Most Influential Rabbis in America"
525:"The 50 Most Influential Rabbis in America"
364:“A Jewish Vision for Economic Justice,” in
1244:
1230:
108:T'ruah: The Rabbinic Call for Human Rights
1649:21st-century American non-fiction writers
201:In 2014, Jacobs was arrested with Rabbis
157:workers when possible. She was named to
153:, create dignified workplaces, and hire
448:Nussbaum Cohen, Debra (April 6, 2011).
1631:
1110:
1065:Sippy, Zachariah (December 10, 2020).
965:
840:
814:
795:
720:
694:"America's 50 Most Influential Rabbis"
470:
359:"Work, Workers, and the Jewish Owner,"
253:Approach to Judaism and social justice
235:Jewish Theological Seminary of America
58:Jewish Theological Seminary of America
1225:
1217:Rabbis for Human Rights-North America
1064:
500:"Work, workers, and the Jewish owner"
112:Rabbis for Human Rights-North America
883:"Bookshelf | Columbia College Today"
1694:Jewish American non-fiction writers
1659:21st-century American women writers
13:
1679:Columbia College (New York) alumni
1674:American women non-fiction writers
796:Jacobs, Jill (December 12, 2019).
708:"America's Top 50 Rabbis for 2012"
498:Rabbi Jill Jacobs (May 28, 2008).
14:
1735:
1210:
1163:Daniel Treiman (March 28, 2003).
1137:Tara Bahrampour (March 9, 2003).
841:Jacobs, Jill (January 11, 2019).
815:Jacobs, Jill (February 8, 2019).
744:Jill Jacobs (December 18, 2009).
122:. This book includes chapters on
1614:
1613:
1379:
145:(legal position), passed by the
1253:Women rabbis and Torah scholars
1182:
1156:
1130:
1104:
1081:
1058:
1036:
1010:
984:
959:
925:
899:
875:
853:
834:
808:
789:
763:
737:
721:Marder, Rachel (May 14, 2013).
714:
700:
686:
670:. June 28, 2010. Archived from
660:
646:
310:
211:American Federation of Teachers
141:Jacobs is also the author of a
136:Jewish Council on Urban Affairs
87:
770:Jill Jacobs (April 14, 2009).
630:. May 21, 2008. Archived from
616:
602:
543:
517:
491:
464:
441:
427:
390:,” Women in Judaism, Fall 2003
325:Washington Post, Dec. 12, 2019
247:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1:
1111:Jacobs, Jill (May 18, 2018).
421:
331:Washington Post, May 18, 2018
224:
1664:American Conservative rabbis
1654:21st-century American rabbis
477:. Jewish Lights Publishing.
372:“The History of Tikkun Olam”
7:
1669:American Jewish theologians
907:"Jill Jacobs, Guy Austrian"
409:
102:(born 1975) is an American
35:Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
32:1975 (age 48–49)
10:
1740:
610:"Jill Jacobs - Forward 50"
205:and Shai Held, along with
1689:Jewish American activists
1684:Conservative women rabbis
1611:
1563:
1536:
1459:
1388:
1377:
1302:
1279:
1270:
1259:
505:. The Rabbinical Assembly
231:Framingham, Massachusetts
74:
66:
40:
28:
21:
1719:Jewish women theologians
1578:Women's Rabbinic Network
1263:Timeline of women rabbis
887:www.college.columbia.edu
132:Jewish Funds for Justice
1588:Matan Women's Institute
654:"50 Influential Rabbis"
259:There Shall be No Needy
209:, the president of the
114:. She is the author of
1714:Jewish women activists
1620:Category: Women rabbis
586:. 2008. Archived from
272:
966:Jacobs, Jill (2009).
674:on September 30, 2013
471:Jacobs, Jill (2009).
416:Conservative responsa
366:Righteous Indignation
337:(Jewish Lights, 2009)
263:
249:'s Mandel Institute.
128:environmental justice
1724:Jewish women writers
1593:Midreshet Lindenbaum
1414:Tehilla Lichtenstein
1330:Miriam Shapira-Luria
772:"Tzedakah, Take Two"
725:. The Jerusalem Post
368:, Jewish Lights 2007
319:Haaretz, May 2, 2021
1314:(11th–12th century)
1117:The Washington Post
997:The Washington Post
847:The Washington Post
821:The Washington Post
802:The Washington Post
243:Columbia University
147:Rabbinical Assembly
48:Columbia University
1360:Frehat Bat Avraham
1336:Fioretta of Modena
1143:The New York Times
911:The New York Times
580:"Forward 50, 2008"
551:"Forward 50, 2006"
374:in Zeek, July 2007
229:Jacobs grew up in
1626:
1625:
1532:
1531:
1483:Reconstructionist
1460:First ordination
1375:
1374:
1312:Rashi's daughters
977:978-1-58023-394-1
696:. April 16, 2011.
97:
96:
1731:
1699:Jewish ethicists
1617:
1616:
1583:Yeshivat Maharat
1539:rabbinical roles
1457:
1456:
1383:
1366:Maiden of Ludmir
1305:early modern era
1280:Bible and Talmud
1277:
1276:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
988:
982:
981:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
947:. B'nai Jeshurun
942:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
913:. August 5, 2007
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
879:
873:
872:
870:
868:
857:
851:
850:
838:
832:
831:
829:
827:
812:
806:
805:
793:
787:
786:
784:
782:
767:
761:
760:
758:
756:
741:
735:
734:
732:
730:
723:"Women to Watch"
718:
712:
711:
704:
698:
697:
690:
684:
683:
681:
679:
664:
658:
657:
656:. April 3, 2009.
650:
644:
643:
641:
639:
634:on June 15, 2011
620:
614:
613:
606:
600:
599:
597:
595:
576:
567:
566:
564:
562:
547:
541:
540:
538:
536:
521:
515:
514:
512:
510:
504:
495:
489:
488:
468:
462:
461:
459:
457:
445:
439:
438:
431:
207:Randi Weingarten
203:Sharon Kleinbaum
182:
175:
91:
89:
19:
18:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1607:
1565:
1559:
1554:Toanot Rabniyot
1547:Yoetzet halacha
1538:
1528:
1462:by denomination
1461:
1455:
1438:Helen Levinthal
1384:
1371:
1354:Asenath Barzani
1324:Paula Dei Mansi
1304:
1298:
1289:(1107–1067 BCE)
1272:
1266:
1255:
1250:
1213:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
989:
985:
978:
964:
960:
950:
948:
940:
930:
926:
916:
914:
905:
904:
900:
891:
889:
881:
880:
876:
866:
864:
859:
858:
854:
839:
835:
825:
823:
813:
809:
794:
790:
780:
778:
768:
764:
754:
752:
742:
738:
728:
726:
719:
715:
706:
705:
701:
692:
691:
687:
677:
675:
666:
665:
661:
652:
651:
647:
637:
635:
628:The Jewish Week
622:
621:
617:
608:
607:
603:
593:
591:
590:on June 1, 2020
578:
577:
570:
560:
558:
549:
548:
544:
534:
532:
531:. June 28, 2010
523:
522:
518:
508:
506:
502:
496:
492:
485:
469:
465:
455:
453:
446:
442:
433:
432:
428:
424:
412:
313:
289:
255:
227:
180:
173:
170:The Jewish Week
93:
90: 2007)
85:
81:
62:
36:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1737:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1598:Nishmat Center
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1465:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1450:Mimi Feigelson
1447:
1444:Sally Priesand
1441:
1435:
1429:
1426:Martha Neumark
1423:
1420:Paula Ackerman
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1389:Modern figures
1386:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1344:(16th century)
1339:
1333:
1332:(14th century)
1327:
1326:(13th century)
1321:
1320:(12th century)
1315:
1308:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1211:External links
1209:
1207:
1206:
1190:"Danny Gordis"
1181:
1155:
1129:
1103:
1080:
1057:
1035:
1023:New York Times
1009:
983:
976:
958:
924:
898:
874:
852:
833:
807:
788:
762:
736:
713:
699:
685:
659:
645:
615:
601:
568:
542:
516:
490:
483:
463:
440:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
411:
408:
407:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
384:
381:
378:
375:
369:
362:
356:
347:
344:
341:
338:
332:
326:
320:
312:
309:
305:East Jerusalem
288:
285:
254:
251:
239:Hunter College
226:
223:
185:Jerusalem Post
95:
94:
83:
79:
78:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
61:
60:
55:
53:Hunter College
50:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
30:
26:
25:
22:
16:American rabbi
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1736:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:Jewish ethics
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1644:Living people
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1621:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1564:Organisations
1562:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1535:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:Tamara Kolton
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1489:Lynn Gottlieb
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:Eva Bacharach
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1303:Medieval and
1301:
1295:(2nd century)
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1144:
1140:
1133:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1091:
1084:
1069:. The Forward
1068:
1061:
1045:
1039:
1024:
1020:
1013:
998:
994:
987:
979:
973:
969:
962:
946:
939:
937:
928:
912:
908:
902:
888:
884:
878:
862:
856:
848:
844:
837:
822:
818:
811:
803:
799:
792:
777:
773:
766:
751:
747:
740:
724:
717:
709:
703:
695:
689:
673:
669:
663:
655:
649:
633:
629:
625:
619:
611:
605:
589:
585:
581:
575:
573:
556:
552:
546:
530:
526:
520:
501:
494:
486:
484:9781580233941
480:
476:
475:
467:
452:. The Forward
451:
444:
436:
430:
426:
417:
414:
413:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
389:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
363:
360:
357:
355:, Summer 2008
354:
353:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
314:
308:
306:
302:
301:Daniel Gordis
296:
294:
284:
280:
276:
271:
267:
262:
260:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
222:
220:
216:
215:Staten Island
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
192:
190:
186:
179:
172:
171:
166:
165:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
77:
73:
69:
65:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
43:
39:
31:
27:
20:
1568:
1552:
1545:
1519:Sara Hurwitz
1503:Conservative
1469:Regina Jonas
1432:Avis Clamitz
1408:Regina Jonas
1402:Lily Montagu
1261:
1197:. Retrieved
1194:lukeford.net
1193:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
1158:
1146:. Retrieved
1142:
1132:
1120:. Retrieved
1116:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1022:
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
996:
986:
967:
961:
949:. Retrieved
944:
935:
927:
915:. Retrieved
910:
901:
890:. Retrieved
886:
877:
865:. Retrieved
855:
846:
836:
824:. Retrieved
820:
810:
801:
791:
779:. Retrieved
775:
765:
753:. Retrieved
749:
739:
727:. Retrieved
716:
702:
688:
676:. Retrieved
672:the original
662:
648:
636:. Retrieved
632:the original
627:
618:
604:
592:. Retrieved
588:the original
583:
559:. Retrieved
554:
545:
533:. Retrieved
528:
519:
507:. Retrieved
493:
473:
466:
454:. Retrieved
443:
429:
350:
311:Bibliography
297:
290:
281:
277:
273:
268:
264:
261:she writes:
258:
256:
228:
200:
196:Donald Trump
193:
188:
177:
168:
162:
158:
140:
119:
115:
104:Conservative
99:
98:
80:Guy Austrian
1639:1975 births
1499:Amy Eilberg
1479:Sandy Sasso
1440:(1910–1989)
1434:(1908-1991)
1428:(1904–1981)
1422:(1893–1989)
1416:(1893–1973)
1410:(1902–1944)
1404:(1873–1963)
1398:(1861–1948)
1368:(1805–1888)
1356:(1590–1670)
1350:(1580–1651)
1338:(1522–1580)
1318:Bat ha-Levi
1271:Pre-modern
1169:The Forward
750:The Forward
678:January 16,
584:The Forward
555:The Forward
219:Eric Garner
189:The Forward
164:The Forward
151:living wage
110:, formerly
100:Jill Jacobs
23:Jill Jacobs
1633:Categories
1537:Alternate
1513:Humanistic
1342:Bayla Falk
1092:. NBC News
945:Kol Hadash
892:2022-05-25
422:References
293:occupation
225:Early life
221:to death.
67:Occupation
1569:midrashot
1452:(b. 1963)
1446:(b. 1946)
1396:Ray Frank
1362:(d. 1756)
1046:. Haaretz
509:March 31,
217:resident
159:Newsweek'
41:Education
1523:Orthodox
1199:31 March
1174:April 1,
1148:April 1,
1122:25 April
1096:25 April
1073:25 April
1050:18 April
1028:18 April
1002:18 April
951:April 1,
936:Avot 2:5
917:April 1,
867:18 April
826:18 April
781:April 1,
755:April 1,
729:21 March
638:April 1,
594:April 1,
561:April 1,
535:April 1,
529:Newsweek
456:21 March
410:See also
178:Newsweek
143:teshuvah
124:tzedakah
1525:, 2009)
1515:, 1999)
1505:, 1985)
1495:, 1981)
1493:Renewal
1485:, 1974)
1475:, 1935)
1293:Bruriah
1287:Deborah
1273:figures
710:. 2012.
612:. 2011.
92:
84:
1618:
1603:Hadran
1473:Reform
974:
557:. 2006
481:
75:Spouse
941:(PDF)
503:(PDF)
181:'
174:'
155:union
86:(
82:
70:Rabbi
1566:and
1201:2011
1176:2011
1150:2011
1124:2021
1098:2021
1075:2021
1052:2021
1030:2021
1004:2021
972:ISBN
953:2011
919:2011
869:2021
828:2021
783:2011
776:ZEEK
757:2011
731:2021
680:2013
640:2011
596:2011
563:2011
537:2011
511:2011
479:ISBN
458:2021
118:and
29:Born
1635::
1192:.
1167:.
1141:.
1115:.
1021:.
995:.
943:.
909:.
885:.
845:.
819:.
800:.
774:.
748:.
626:.
582:.
571:^
553:.
527:.
191:.
138:.
88:m.
1521:(
1511:(
1501:(
1491:(
1481:(
1471:(
1245:e
1238:t
1231:v
1203:.
1178:.
1152:.
1126:.
1100:.
1077:.
1054:.
1032:.
1006:.
980:.
955:.
938:"
921:.
895:.
871:.
849:.
830:.
804:.
785:.
759:.
733:.
682:.
642:.
598:.
565:.
539:.
513:.
487:.
460:.
437:.
386:“
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.