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when the excitation of one input coincides in time with a decease in its associated connection. He described the process: "The plastic changes would be related to the formation and multiplication of new synaptic junctions between the axon terminals of one nerve cell and the soma (i.e. the body and the dendrites) of the other" This idea that synapses strengthen with use was also proposed in the West in the theory of
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He spent two years at Pavlov's laboratory as the result of a letter that he sent to Pavlov describing this work. Pavlov however was never convinced that instrumental conditioning (which
Konorski called "Type II" to distinguish it from Pavlov's "Type I" learning) differed in any important way from his
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Konorski asked how pre-existing connections between neurons in the brain could be changed by conditioning. He suggested an idea similar to Hebb in which coincidental activation in time causes the potential connections to be transformed into actual excitatory connections. Inhibitory connections arise
304:(1967). The first book, presented one of the first theories of associative learning as a result of long-term neuronal plasticity. In the second, he substantially revised his early theories and synthesised work on associative learning and neurobiology of perception and motivation.
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When he and Stefan Miller were medical students in Warsaw they proposed another type of conditioned reflex in addition to that discovered by Pavlov which was under the control of reward. This has come to be known as "type II conditioned reflexes," or
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and
Konorski also occurred over the two types of learning. Skinner had originally referred to operant conditioning as Type I and Pavlovian conditioning as Type II. Konorski agreed to revise his nomenclature to avoid confusion.
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in 1939. He failed to get to
England to join his brother who lived there. Konorski managed to escape to the Soviet Union where he was appointed the head of the primate laboratory at
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treating traumatic injuries of the central nervous system. After the war he returned to Nencki
Institute as head of the Department of Neurophysiology. In 1948
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Konorski J. (1948). Conditioned reflexes and neuron organization. Tr. from the Polish ms. under the author's supervision. Cambridge
University Press. page 89
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in support of him, this was shown in a 40-minute period of continuous clapping and applause. With Stalin's death his prosecution ended.
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Selected publications of Jerzy
Konorski and history of the Department of Neurophysiology at Nencki Institute. (170MB in pdf files).
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Livingston, R.B. (1966) Brain mechanisms in conditioning and learning. Neurosciences
Research Program Bulletin 4(3):349-354.
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Konorski first proposed two key concepts in neuroscience (independently of
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of the West which
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published his "Conditioned reflexes and neuron organization". Then in 1949, during the peak of
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Wyrwicka, W. (1994). "Jerzy
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in Warsaw, Poland was created for him but this was destroyed in the first days of the
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Type II conditioned reflexes are now known as operant or instrumental conditioning.
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75th ANNIVERSARY of the NENCKI INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
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Zieliński, K. (2006). "Jerzy Konorski on brain associations".
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Gross, C. G. (2002). "Genealogy of the "grandmother cell"".
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
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He was the author of two important books on learning,
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