400:, as more and more important persons expressed disapproval of the treaty. Even people in the streets began to mock the King and his treaty. Louis decided to place all of the blame on Balue, who found himself excluded from the Council. He then intrigued with Charles against the King, revealing details of the King's secret plans. Their secret correspondence was intercepted by accident when, in April 1469, a suspicious priest was fortuitously arrested. On 23 April 1469 Balue was arrested at Amboise, and then transferred to Montbazon. The King was intent on putting Balue on trial for treason before royal judges, and Louis appointed a commission of eight men to find out the truth and mete out the punishment; but that raised the old issue of the exemption of clerics from civil jurisdiction; a cleric could only be tried in an ecclesiastical forum in accordance with Canon Law, and that was the position of Pope Sixtus IV. There was an impasse, which neither party wanted to take the responsibility for solving. King Louis sent an agent to Rome, Pierre Gruel, a President of the Parlement of Grenoble to explain the situation to the Pope. He was joined in November by Guillaume Cousinot, Sieur de Montreuil, and a lawyer Guillaume Lefranc. The ambassadors were received by the Pope on 1 December 1469, and a long series of discussions and debates ensued, which finally ended in an agreement to disagree as to who had the right and obligation to proceed against Balue. At the end of January 1470 Cardinal Balue was removed to Onzain on orders of Louis XI, but by 2 July 1472 he was being kept at Chinon. In May 1472 Cardinal Bessarion was sent as Legate to France, and he held discussions with Louis XI about the release of Balue, but without success. He remained a prisoner for eleven years, but not, as has been alleged, in an iron cage. His accomplice, the Bishop of Verdun, Guillaume d'Harancourt, was kept in the Bastile. The charge was
327:
Bishop of Verdun, Charles' Chancellor; and Pierre
Doriole, his Intendant of Finances. A most important goal was to get Charles himself away from Duke Francis and back to the company of the King. The rumor went round about that the Admiral explained privately to Charles what might happen to him if he returned to the King—as though Charles could not work that out himself. Whether true or not, Charles flatly refused the King's request and Balue had to give a completely negative report of the mission. Things might have become worse if the Admiral had not died on 1 May. At the end of the year Bishop Balue was sent back to Nantes, this time along with Guillaume de Paris, as Ambassadors of the King of France, to protest Louis' desire for good relations with Francis of Brittany, but to inquire about rumored dealings with the English. Francis disavowed any sinister implications, but it was discovered that the Duke and Duchess of Savoy were in Brittany, negotiating a league against King Louis. Balue returned and joined the King at Blois in February 1467.
207:. Born without resources, he managed to climb the political ladder by exploiting connections, to whom he often did not remain loyal, and by making himself an indispensable agent of the king's purposes in a time of political disorder in France. His services were as much military as ecclesiastical, bringing him the critical task of defending the city of Paris against the King's enemies. His work as a diplomat in dealing with Duke Francis of Brittany and with Charles de France brought him the office of first minister to the King. Balue overreached himself in negotiating a treaty between the King and Charles the Bold, who had become Duke of Burgundy and was trying to recover all his family inheritance. Secret correspondence revealed that he might have been playing both sides in the negotiation, and he was arrested, and held on charges of treason from 1469 to 1481, while King and Pope argued over jurisdiction. After the death of King Louis and Pope Sixtus, the new French king, Charles VIII, appointed Balue his ambassador in Rome.
378:
408:
Beauvau of the various ecclesiastical censures which he had incurred, and returning his former benefices; his various acts were ratified. He was then named
Apostolic Administrator of the diocese of Angers, superseding the Cardinal and his officers. Beauvau exercised this office until his death on 23 April 1479. The Chapter immediately elected as his successor a royal favorite, Auger de Brie (1479–1480). With Auger's appointment, a schism developed in the Chapter of the Cathedral of Angers, some Canons supporting the King's man, others supporting Cardinal Balue. The King wrote to the Pope about the situation, but the most that the Pope was prepared to do was to appoint a Coadjutor for Cardinal Balue.
425:
did not begin its meetings until 30 January 1482. On 26 February 1482, Pope Sixtus reestablished Balue in all his rights and all his dignities. Notwithstanding the work of the commission, Cardinal Balue received permission to enter Rome along with
Cardinal della Rovere, who was returning from his mission as Legate to France. On 31 January 1483, Pope Sixtus named Cardinal Balue suburbicarian Bishop of Albano, making clear to all where his sympathies lay. On the same day Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere was named suburbicarian Bishop of Ostia. Della Rovere and Balue were met at the gate of Rome by nearly all the Cardinals on 3 February 1483, and shortly thereafter were received in public Consistory.
259:
they protested successfully to the Pope, who granted the prebend to the
Chapter's candidate on 21 January 1463. Not satisfied with the result, Balue carried an appeal to the King. In Paris he got in touch with Thibault de Vitry, a Canon of Paris who held the office of Treasurer of the Cathedral Chapter of Angers as a benefice. He was introduced to the Lieutenant-General of Paris and the ĂŽle-de-France, Charles de Melun, whose father was Governor of Champagne and Brie and Governor of the Bastille. Melun in due course presented Balue to the King. Louis XI granted letters patent on 15 September 1463 ordering the Chapter to hand over the prebend to Balue.
363:
money for a crusade. These included
Picardy, and Amiens. The prince-bishopric of Liège tried three times to revolt against the Duke (1465, 1467, 1468), each time with support promised by Louis XI, which repeatedly failed to materialize. On 20 September 1468, a conference was begun at Ham, between the delegates of King Louis (the Constable de Saint-Pol, Pierre Doriole, and Cardinal Balue) and those of Charles the Bold, who was encamped at Peronne, to arrange a peace between the two contenders and detach Duke Charles from Duke Francis of Brittany. The Cardinal, it seems, was attempting to keep the King from being seduced by the promises of the Duke.
299:
exchanges, Beauvau was summoned to appear before the courts in Rome. He refused to go, demonstrating yet again his commitment to
Gallican liberties and the Pragmatic Sanction. Finally, under pressure from King Louis XI, Pope Paul II issued a decree of deposition on 5 June 1467, and on the same day he issued a bull transferring Bishop Jean Balue from the diocese of Évreux to the diocese of Angers. Bishop de Beauvau attempted to appeal to the Parliament of Paris against the Pope, but the King ordered the Parliament not to take cognizance of the case. Balue had replaced his former patron.
336:
310:), Bishop Balue and Charles Melun were assigned to the task of defending the city of Paris for the King. Melun was named Lieutenant-General, and Balue was ordered to see to the defenses. Neither was to leave Paris for the duration. On 13 July 1465, King Louis notified Marechal Rouault at Paris that it was his intention to fight on the next day, and he ordered Rouault's presence. Rouault asked Balue and Melun what he should do. Balue advised him to go to the King with his entire army, Melun opposed him. The
460:, to the Kingdom of Naples. On 5 March 1486, arguments in Consistory between Cardinal Balue and Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, a relative and supporter of Ferdinand of Naples, grew so heated that Pope Innocent had to silence them both. Envoys of Charles VIII and René reached Rome in May 1486, prepared to conclude negotiations, but the diplomacy of Ferdinand of Aragon, the operations of the condottiere Broccolino Guzzoli, and the appearance of Turkish ships in the Adriatic, put a stop to the French adventure.
351:('practically the most trusted friend in the world'). In spite of his bad reputation for greed and disloyalty, the King requested and obtained for him a cardinalate. This was in gratitude for his finally negotiating the revocation of the Pragmatic Sanction, which was registered by the Parlement of Paris on 1 October 1467. Balue was named a cardinal by Pope Paul II in his first Consistory for the creation of cardinals on 18 September 1467, and was assigned the
44:
1176:
1253:
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happened to become vacant. Beauvau wanted the
Treasurership for his own purposes. The Canons of the Cathedral opposed Balue out of respect for the bishop, but, on 20 April a cleric of Paris, Jacques Chaumort appeared in Angers with a mandate from the King, ordering the Canons to allow Balue to enjoy the fruits of the office of Treasurer. The Canons complied. This was the end of the friendship and patronage of Bishop de Beauvau.
291:; he was elected by the Cathedral Chapter on 5 February; and he was preconised (approved) by Pope Pius II on 20 May 1465. His consecration took place in Paris at Notre-Dame on 4 August, with Bishop Guillaume Chartier of Paris acting as principal consecrator. Balue took possession of his diocese in person on 22 August 1465. On 27 August the King granted Balue a subsidy from the
477:, where he was serving as Rector of the Marches of Ancona, on 5 October 1491. His funeral took place in Rome on 18 October, and he was buried in the chapel he had built in Santa Prassede. The Pope was his heir since the Cardinal had left no Last Will and Testament, and the rumor reported by Joannes Burchard, the Master of Ceremonies, was that he was worth some 100,000 ducats.
1241:
638:
Balue's brother
Antoine was made Chamberlain of the Abbaye de Saint-Jean-d'Angély, and in 1464 was given a prebend in the Cathedral Chapter of Évreux by Louis XI. He was elected by the Chapter to succeed Jean Balue when Jean was transferred to Angers in 1767, and received confirmation on 7 July 1467,
424:
In
February 1481 his departure from France was delayed by illness, for which he had already been under medical treatment at Chinon, but he arrived in Lucca at the beginning of Spring. There he waited for a commission of Cardinals to decide his fate; the commission, headed by Cardinal Olivier Carafa,
269:
in 1464 and one of his secretaries. Balue's ambitions then got him into trouble. He looked to succeed Vitry, who had just died, as
Treasurer of Angers, and on 23 March 1464 made his claim. But Bishop de Beauvau held a bull of Pius II which granted him the gift of an abbey or any other benefice which
298:
Bishop Jean de Beauvau of Angers was excommunicated by his Metropolitan, the Archbishop of Tours, on 13 November 1465, for various acts of insubordination. Beauvau refused to accept the sentence, and appealed to the Pope, claiming to be exempt from the jurisdiction of the Archbishop. But after some
273:
Balue also acquired a number of other benefices during the year 1464. He was made Abbot Commendatory of Fécamp, Abbot Commendatory of Saint-Thierry de Reims, and (in 1465) Abbot Commendatory of Saint-Jean-d'Angély. He was also named Prior of Saint-Eloi-de-Paris, and (in 1465) Saint-Jean-des-Sables.
415:
was sent to France as Legate to make peace between Louis XI and Maximilian of Austria, as well as to negotiate the release of Balue and Harancourt. He reached Paris in September, and finally, on 20 December 1480, King Louis gave orders that Balue be handed over to the Archpriest of Loudun, who had
407:
In Angers the Vicars of Cardinal Balue remained loyal and resisted the pressures from the Cathedral Chapter and the King until 1472, when they renounced the exercise of their functions under threat of royal fines. In March 1476 Pope Sixtus IV took the extraordinary step of relieving Bishop Jean de
362:
In May 1467, Balue and Jean d'Estouteville were sent to Paris to engage in a mass enrollment of men to defend the city of Paris against the King's enemies. On 15 June, Charles the Bold became Duke of Burgundy. He was determined to recover territories which his father had sold to Louis XI to raise
277:
On 26 December, King Louis named Balue a Councilor clerk in Parliament, and on 28 December he granted Balue the privilege of conferring a wide range of benefices which were in the gift of the King. These included bursaries at the Collège de Navarre, benefices at the Hôtels-Dieu, hospitals for the
258:
by the Pope. On their return to Angers, Bishop de Beauvau wanted to reward Balue with the grant of the prebend of S. Marguerite in the Cathedral Chapter, which had just fallen vacant on the death of the Dean of the Chapter. The prebend, however, was in the gift of the Chapter, not the bishop, and
326:
In February 1466, Bishop Balue and Admiral de Montauban were sent to Nantes, where Duke Francis of Brittany had taken up residence. They were to continue discussions on Francis' proposals made at Caen, and also to take the measure of the envoys of Charles de France, Guillaume de Harancourt, the
254:, and to engage in negotiations concerning the revocation of the Pragmatic Sanction, as well as the French claims to the Kingdom of Naples. The leader of the embassy was Bishop Jean Jouffroy of Arras, who had been named a cardinal on 18 December 1461. During this visit Balue was named a
455:
In February 1485 Cardinal Balue was named French ambassador to the Court of Rome and Protector of France by King Charles VIII. He and Cardinal della Rovere were to work to bring Innocent VIII over to the French side, and to favor the French claim, in the person of
237:
In 1461 Balue is still referred to as 'clericus', but by 1465 he is called a priest. These are the parameters for his date of ordination to the priesthood. Likewise in 1461 he was given the Deanship of Candé by his new patron, Bishop Jean de Beauvau of Angers.
323:. On 23 December 1465 King Louis signed the Treaty of Caen with Duke Francis II of Brittany, and Balue, one of the cosigners, was ordered to keep watch on the Dukes of Burgundy and Brittany and provide the King with counsel as necessary.
445:, by Pope Sixtus IV, but he was not received there as such. He did visit his diocese of Angers, and was solemnly received on 24 July 1484. He made a solemn entry into Paris on 20 August 1484. He returned to Rome on 8 February 1485.
250:, Jean de Beauvau (1447–1467), and was named a Canon of the Cathedral of Saint-Mauritius. In 1462 he accompanied Bishop de Beauvau to Rome in the embassy which was sent to present the homage of the new King of France, Louis XI, to
286:
Bishop Guillaume de Flocques of Évreux died on 27 November 1464, and on 18 December the King assigned the temporalities of the Diocese of Évreux to Jean Balue. Then, on 4 February 1465, King Louis XI nominated Balue to the
314:
was not decisive, but Louis conceived the idea that Melun had been prepared to betray him if the battle had been lost. He stripped Melun of everything that he had. On 5 October 1465 Louis was constrained to sign the
223:. The date of his birth is conjectured to be around 1421, based on his epitaph in Santa Prassede in Rome, in which he is said to have died as Legate of the Marches while in his seventies,
295:
to allow him to resume work on the restoration of the Cathedral, which had begun under the patronage of Charles VII but which had ceased from lack of funds.
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On 14 October 1469 King Louis, advised by his friend Cardinal Balue, consented to the terms of the Peace which Balue had negotiated with Charles the Bold.
777:
Eubel, II, p. 15 no 6. Forgeot, p. 67 note 2, who remarks that the King had to write to Pope Paul II several times, to get him to carry out his promises.
262:
On 10 February 1464, at the request of King Louis, the Pope granted Balue a new Canonry in the Cathedral Chapter of Angers which had fallen vacant.
496:
Jean de la Balue, or Ballue. His signature, and documents addressed to or referring to him always use the form 'Jean Balue'. Forgeot, pp. 1-2.
1191:
234:, Jacques Juvénel des Ursins (1449–1457). By December 1457 Balue had obtained a Licenciate in law, perhaps from the University of Angers.
1196:
1293:
377:
359:, but not until the Consistory of 13 May 1468. He received his red hat in a ceremony in Notre-Dame in Paris on 17 November 1468.
1283:
931:
Léon Guilloreau, "Auger de Brie, administrateur de l'évêché d'Angers, correspondence relative à son élection (1479–1480)," in:
886:
Forgeot, p. 99. On that date the Cardinal signed a document naming a prebend of the Cathedral of Angers; he signed at Chinon.
861:
437:. King Louis XI died on 30 August 1483, thereby closing a chapter of struggle over Balue's status. In 1484 Balue was sent to
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Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum: et S.R.E. cardinalium ab initio nascentis ecclesiae usque ad Clementem IX P. O. M.
448:
Pope Sixtus IV had died on 12 August 1484, while Balue was in Angers. He did not participate in the Conclave that elected
1288:
467:, Cardinal Balue instituted the Feast of the Visitation in the diocese of Angers, to which, however, he never returned.
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but, before he could take possession, he was transferred to the diocese of Saint-Pons-de-Tomières. Fisquet, p. 50.
35:
265:
His activity, cunning, and mastery of manipulation gained him the appreciation of Louis XI, who made him his
1298:
578:
Hierarchia catholica medii aevi, sive Summorum pontificum, S.R.E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series
393:
1231:
512:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus secundus (second ed.). Roma: P. et A. De Rubeis (Rossi). p. 1110.
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The word 'septuagenarian' is somewhat elastic. Jean Balue had a brother Antoine and a brother Nicolas.
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303:
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In April 1469 Cardinal Balue accompanied the King and participated in the Estates General at Tours.
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1131:
Déprez, M. E. (1899) "La trahison du Cardinal Balue (1469) (Chanson et ballades inédites)," in:
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200:
868:
Forgeot, pp. 70-86. The lengthy and detailed report of Cousinot to King Louis is published by
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He performed the wedding ceremony of his brother Nicolas on 22 September 1467. Forgeot, p. 41.
311:
288:
1273:
1221:
1144:
895:
Forgeot, p. 101. Louis and Sixtus IV exchanged letters in the summer of 1472, without effect.
851:
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521:(in Italian and Latin). Vol. II. Roma: Tip. Fratelli Bencini. pp. 502, no. 1514.
8:
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Iscrizioni delle chiese e d'altri edificii di Roma dal secolo XI fino ai giorni nostri
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938:(in French). Vol. Deuxième année. Angers: J.Siraudeau. 1901. pp. 596–611.
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1000:(in French and Latin). Vol. Tome premier. Paris: Ernest Leroux. p. 138.
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Breguet, p. 158, who states wrongly that he was created a cardinal by Eugene IV.
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745:(in Latin). Vol. Tome second. Paris: Jules Renouard et Cie. p. 188.
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54:
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23:
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been commissioned by the Legate to receive him in the name of the Pope.
1200:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 297.
1124:(in Italian). Vol. Tomo Terzo. Roma: Pagliarini. pp. 165–172.
43:
1146:
La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana): Métropole de Rouen: Évreux
1138:(in French). Paris: École franca̧ise de Rome. 1899. pp. 259–296.
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On 14 March 1491, Cardinal Balue was promoted Bishop of Palestrina.
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From that time Cardinal Balue lived in high favour at the court of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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But Balue shortly became compromised in the king’s humiliation by
1214:
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876:(in French). Vol. Tome IV. Paris: Colnet. pp. 268–311.
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438:
220:
853:
The Law of Treason and Treason Trials in Later Medieval France
1160:. (bound with other matter) (in French). Paris: É. Bouillon.
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He died at Ripatransone, a village fifty-six miles south of
1045:
The History of the Popes, from the close of the Middle Ages
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382:
Louis XI of France visiting Cardinal Balue in his iron cage
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Memorie storiche de'cardinali della santa Romana chiesa
584:(Monasterii 1913), p. 13 no. 8. Forgeot, p. 6, note 4.
347:. Thomas Basin remarks that the King held Balue to be
1229:
1105:"La carrière angevine du cardinal Balue (1457-1491),"
869:
702:
Fisquet, pp. 48-49. Forgeot, p. 18. Eubel, II, p. 87.
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In 1461 he became vicar-general (Grand Vicar) of the
997:
Diarum, siue rerum urbanarum commentarii: 1483-1506
1149:(in French). Paris: Etienne Repos. pp. 47–50.
1117:
742:Histoire des règnes de Charles VII et de Louis XI
592:(in French). Coutances: Imp. Salettes. p. 9.
589:Le cardinal Jean Jouffroy et son temps: 1412-1473
585:
514:
1265:
993:
849:
349:velut fidissimum omnium mortalium hominum amicum
199: – 5 October 1491) was a French
994:Joannes Burchard (1883). Louis Thuasne (ed.).
856:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 74–77.
505:
738:
225:Legatum agens septuagenarius gloriose obiit.
1157:Jean Balue, cardinal d'Angers (1421?-1491)
1109:Annales de Bretagne et des Pays de l'Ouest
739:Thomas Basin (1856). J. Quicherat (ed.).
1186:
1051:Saint Louis: B. Herder 1902, p. 260-263.
506:Alfonso ChacĂłn (1677). A. Oldoin (ed.).
376:
334:
215:He was born of very humble parentage at
1153:
1142:
629:Forgeot, pp. 8-9. Breguet, pp. 156-157.
480:
1266:
137:5 October 1491 (aged 69–70)
343:King Louis IX made Bishop Jean Balue
1135:Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire
1154:Forgeot, Henri LĂ©on Joseph (1895).
1091:Volume I (ed. Thuasne), p. 422-431.
13:
1111:, XCIII (1986), pp. 155–169.
684:Eubel, II, p. 148. Forgeot, p. 14.
611:Forgeot, pp. 7-8. Breguet, p. 156.
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463:In 1485, following the wishes of
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620:Forgeot, p. 8. Breguet, p. 156.
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558:Forgeot, p. 6. Breguet, p. 156.
281:
230:He was first patronized by the
1294:Cardinal-bishops of Palestrina
870:Charles Pinot- Duclos (1806).
755:Fisquet, p. 47, uses the word
596:
570:
561:
552:
543:
534:
525:
499:
486:
413:Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere
241:
165:courtier, politician, diplomat
1:
1284:15th-century French cardinals
372:
339:Stemma of Cardinal Jean Balue
193:
128:Basse d'Angles-sur-Langlin FR
210:
7:
419:
345:le premier du grant conseil
321:Charles, Count of Charolais
10:
1315:
1289:Cardinal-bishops of Albano
1118:Cardella, Lorenzo (1793).
1103:Breguet, Emmanuel (1986),
1069:Eubel, II, p. 49, no. 536.
1019:Eubel, II, p. 48, no. 511.
975:Eubel, II, p. 46, no. 473.
873:Œuvres complètes de Duclos
586:Charles Fierville (1874).
540:Forgeot, p. 4 with note 2.
515:Vincenzo Forcella (1873).
87:by Guillaume Chartier
850:Simon H. Cuttler (2003).
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93:
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50:
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21:
1143:Fisquet, Honoré (1864).
1034:; retrieved: 2017-10-16.
1197:Encyclopædia Britannica
582:editio altera, Tomus II
428:
913:Forgeot, p. 37 note 1.
389:
340:
304:War of the Public Weal
1222:Catholic Encyclopedia
984:Forgeot, pp. 105-106.
957:Forgeot, pp. 101-105.
380:
338:
256:Protonotary Apostolic
181:University of Angers,
110:Cardinal Priest, then
481:References and notes
278:sick and almonries.
1043:Ludwig von Pastor,
904:Forgeot, pp. 96-97.
822:Forgeot, pp. 66-67.
795:Forgeot, pp. 56-59.
720:Forgeot, pp. 36-37.
711:Forgeot, pp. 32-36.
312:Battle of Montlhéry
289:bishopric of Évreux
217:Angles-sur-l'Anglin
1216:"Jean Balue"
935:L'Anjou historique
465:Pope Innocent VIII
450:Pope Innocent VIII
390:
341:
317:Treaty of Conflans
232:bishop of Poitiers
141:(Ascoli Piceno) IT
68:Albano (1483-1491)
66:Angers (1467-1483)
64:Evreux (1465-1467)
1299:Bishops of Évreux
1047:, third edition,
1031:Sede Vacante 1484
863:978-0-521-52643-2
187:
186:
183:Licenciate in Law
97:18 September 1467
72:Palestrina (1491)
70:Autun (1484-1491)
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1078:Breguet, p. 163.
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1060:Breguet, p. 165.
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1010:Breguet, p. 162.
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966:Forgeot, p. 107.
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948:Forgeot, p. 108.
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922:Breguet, p. 160.
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841:
840:Breguet, p. 159.
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804:Breguet, p. 159.
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602:Forgeot, p. 6-7.
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576:Conradus Eubel,
574:
568:
567:Breguet, p. 156.
565:
559:
556:
550:
549:Breguet, p. 156.
547:
541:
538:
532:
529:
523:
522:
513:
503:
497:
490:
394:Charles the Bold
386:Jean-LĂ©on GĂ©rĂ´me
248:bishop of Angers
203:and minister of
198:
195:
117:Personal details
94:Created cardinal
46:
19:
18:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1213:
1210:
1190:, ed. (1911). "
1175:
1173:
1168:
1132:
1126:
1112:
1100:
1095:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1055:
1042:
1038:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
970:
965:
961:
956:
952:
947:
943:
932:
930:
926:
921:
917:
912:
908:
903:
899:
894:
890:
885:
881:
864:
848:
844:
839:
835:
831:Forgeot, p. 70.
830:
826:
821:
817:
813:Forgeot, p. 64.
812:
808:
803:
799:
794:
790:
786:Forgeot, p. 67.
785:
781:
776:
772:
767:
763:
754:
750:
737:
733:
729:Forgeot, p. 40.
728:
724:
719:
715:
710:
706:
701:
697:
693:Fisquet, p. 48.
692:
688:
683:
679:
675:Forgeot, p. 13.
674:
670:
666:Fisquet, p. 47.
665:
661:
656:
652:
648:Forgeot, p. 13.
647:
643:
637:
633:
628:
624:
619:
615:
610:
606:
601:
597:
575:
571:
566:
562:
557:
553:
548:
544:
539:
535:
530:
526:
504:
500:
491:
487:
483:
431:
422:
375:
333:
284:
244:
213:
196:
182:
140:
138:
129:
126:
112:Cardinal Bishop
111:
98:
89:Bishop of Paris
88:
86:
71:
69:
67:
65:
36:Cardinal-Priest
30:
27:
26:
17:
16:French cardinal
12:
11:
5:
1312:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1261:
1260:
1248:
1228:
1227:
1209:
1208:External links
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1188:Chisholm, Hugh
1167:
1166:Acknowledgment
1164:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1129:
1115:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1036:
1021:
1012:
1003:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
862:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
748:
731:
722:
713:
704:
695:
686:
677:
668:
659:
657:Forgeot, p. 9.
650:
641:
631:
622:
613:
604:
595:
569:
560:
551:
542:
533:
524:
498:
484:
482:
479:
452:on 29 August.
430:
427:
421:
418:
411:In June 1480,
384:, painting by
374:
371:
353:titular church
332:
331:Cardinal Balue
329:
283:
280:
243:
240:
212:
209:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
119:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
95:
91:
90:
83:
79:
78:
74:
73:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
32:
31:
28:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1311:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1183:public domain
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1028:J. P. Adams,
1025:
1016:
1007:
999:
998:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
937:
936:
928:
919:
910:
901:
892:
883:
875:
874:
865:
859:
855:
854:
846:
837:
828:
819:
810:
801:
792:
783:
774:
765:
758:
752:
744:
743:
735:
726:
717:
708:
699:
690:
681:
672:
663:
654:
645:
635:
626:
617:
608:
599:
591:
590:
583:
579:
573:
564:
555:
546:
537:
528:
520:
519:
511:
510:
502:
495:
489:
485:
478:
476:
471:
468:
466:
461:
459:
458:René of Anjou
453:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
426:
417:
414:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
387:
383:
379:
370:
367:
364:
360:
358:
357:Santa Susanna
354:
350:
346:
337:
328:
324:
322:
318:
313:
309:
308:Bien Publique
305:
300:
296:
294:
290:
279:
275:
271:
268:
263:
260:
257:
253:
249:
239:
235:
233:
228:
226:
222:
218:
208:
206:
202:
191:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:Ripatransone,
136:
132:
124:
120:
115:
109:
105:
102:
96:
92:
85:4 August 1465
84:
80:
75:
63:
59:
56:
55:Santa Susanna
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
25:
20:
1274:1420s births
1220:
1195:
1156:
1145:
1134:
1127:(in Italian)
1120:
1108:
1098:Bibliography
1088:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1044:
1039:
1030:
1024:
1015:
1006:
996:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
934:
927:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
872:
852:
845:
836:
827:
818:
809:
800:
791:
782:
773:
764:
756:
751:
741:
734:
725:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
671:
662:
653:
644:
634:
625:
616:
607:
598:
588:
577:
572:
563:
554:
545:
536:
527:
517:
508:
501:
493:
488:
472:
469:
462:
454:
447:
442:
432:
423:
410:
406:
402:lèse-majesté
401:
391:
381:
368:
365:
361:
348:
344:
342:
325:
307:
301:
297:
292:
285:
282:Bishop Balue
276:
272:
264:
261:
252:Pope Pius II
245:
236:
229:
224:
214:
189:
188:
157:France, Rome
101:Pope Paul II
82:Consecration
24:His Eminence
1279:1491 deaths
1258:Catholicism
1192:Balue, Jean
1113:(in French)
242:Canon Balue
197: 1421
146:Nationality
1268:Categories
1087:Burchard,
441:as Legate
373:Imprisoned
190:Jean Balue
170:Profession
162:Occupation
29:Jean Balue
1246:Biography
211:Biography
178:Education
154:Residence
1049:Volume V
443:a latere
420:Released
205:Louis XI
201:cardinal
1232:Portals
1225:. 1913.
1185::
1089:Diarium
757:simonie
492:He was
398:PĂ©ronne
302:In the
293:gabelle
267:almoner
125:c. 1421
61:Diocese
1179:
860:
475:Ancona
439:France
388:, 1883
221:Poitou
173:bishop
149:French
77:Orders
51:Church
319:with
1107:in:
858:ISBN
435:Rome
429:Rome
134:Died
122:Born
107:Rank
1194:".
494:not
396:at
355:of
219:in
99:by
1270::
1219:.
580:,
404:.
194:c.
1234::
866:.
759:.
306:(
192:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
