423:
544:
536:
204:
551:
After the liberation of France Lévy returned to industry. From 1944 to 1946 he was a commissioner at the
Professional Office for Leather Industries and afterwards was director of a number of textile and leather businesses until 1970. Lévy served as a General Inspector of Industry in 1956 and from
445:
with coordinating French resistance movements. Lévy agreed with this goal and played an important role in negotiating co-ordination agreements with other organisations. Lévy secured weapons drops from the
British intelligence services to support Franc-Tireur sabotage raids against German and Vichy
582:
and founding vice-president of
Revivre, an organisation that worked to assist the orphans of fighters. He was administrator of the Committee of Social Works of the Resistance from 1947 and president from 1972. Lévy was appointed vice-president of the Resistance Action Committee in 1954 and from
308:
Lévy's father was a merchant and had his son educated at
Strasbourg's Institute of Commercial Education. He was called up for compulsory military service in 1930, attending the reserve officer cadet school at Poitiers. Lévy afterwards worked in sales and progressed to an executive role in the
446:
forces in late 1942. He was arrested in Lyon but released when his co-accused accepted full responsibility. Lévy was arrested again on
Christmas Eve but released by mistake and went into hiding after an arrest warrant was issued for him.
388:. Lévy became the movement's leader and organised it into sections for intelligence, parachuting and fighting and established social services for local residents. Lévy and the movement's members tended to be
469:, after two unsuccessful attempts. He met with resistance leaders in London and Algiers and became a key member of a substantial group of Jewish socialists around de Gaulle. After training in parachuting at
604:
130:
575:
business school from 1972 to 1978. He was appointed president of the advisory committee to study medical and social aspects of the education of children in 1976 and served in that role until 1980.
568:
615:
143:
378:
588:
278:
595:. From 1976 to 1980 he was a member of the steering committee of the League for Human and Citizen's Rights. He was appointed a grand officer of the
345:
489:
367:
356:
416:
329:
as a client state in the south of the country and occupied the north. Vichy France maintained an army but Lévy was demobilised in August 1940.
609:
135:
411:
were being produced. In his early thirties, Lévy was young for a resistance leader in France and was 24 years junior to his sub-ordinate
399:
Lévy was arrested on 15 October 1941 after one of Franc-Tireur's agents behaved recklessly; he was released without charge. After seeing
592:
524:
400:
274:
885:
956:
951:
422:
222:
resistance leader. He worked in the textile industry before being called up as a reserve officer ahead of the war. After the
914:
855:
802:
768:
671:
293:, Alsace, on 28 May 1911. Strasbourg had been under French control since 1681 but transferred to Prussia (and then to the
543:
512:
450:
235:
96:
961:
946:
500:
466:
243:
208:
242:
in London and
Algiers. He returned in July and was arrested in October. Lévy was freed by a MUR raid and joined the
640:
407:
as his movement's newspaper in
December 1941 and became its editor. At its height in August 1944, 150,000 copies of
561:
262:
620:
148:
966:
516:
393:
600:
596:
234:
he agreed to help co-ordinate resistance movements in France and went on to join the directorate of the
121:
584:
458:
270:
336:. By January 1941 he was writing and distributing anti-German pamphlets. That year he co-founded the
265:. Lévy remained committed to the cause of resistance fighters and was a member of the council of the
383:
322:
728:
794:
Political
Ecumenism: Catholics, Jews, and Protestants in De Gaulle's Free France, 1940–1945
462:
337:
227:
90:
535:
941:
936:
556:
Basin Coal Mines. From 1965 until 1971 he was administrator of the national authority for
253:
After the war Levy held several business roles in the textile and coal industries and for
8:
579:
504:
298:
266:
247:
203:
107:
481:
350:
910:
851:
798:
764:
667:
636:
494:
474:
442:
431:
372:
361:
333:
239:
454:
520:
389:
310:
219:
904:
845:
792:
758:
661:
302:
818:
578:
Lévy supported former resistance fighters, being a member of the council of the
301:. During Lévy's childhood the city passed back to France following the 1914–18
508:
485:
341:
269:
and the founding vice-president of
Revivre. He went on to be administrator of
223:
930:
294:
218:(28 May 1911 – 15 December 1996) was a French Jewish industrialist and
76:
503:
as the representative of Franc-Tireur. Lévy was present at the August 1944
326:
325:, with Strasbourg again being annexed to Germany. The Germans established
438:
427:
231:
230:. He led the organisation and edited its newspaper. After meeting with
630:
Memoirs of a Franc-tireur: Itinerary of a resistance fighter (1940-1944)
419:
experimented with dyeing his hair grey to give him a more mature look.
412:
290:
42:
238:(MUR). Lévy left France in April 1943 to meet resistance leaders and
572:
480:
Lévy was arrested again in Paris on 16 October 1943. He was held at
258:
184:
465:
on 24 March 1943. Lévy escaped France by air on 15 April alongside
415:. According to Levy's memoir, the Free French intelligence service
553:
470:
426:
A plaque marking the building where Lévy signed an agreement with
634:
Memoires D'Un Franc-Tireur. Itineraire D'Un
Resistant (1940-1944)
557:
254:
179:
564:. From 1970 Lévy served as an extraordinary state councillor.
569:
Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer
453:(MUR), in early 1943, which consolidated Franc-Tireur with
309:
textile industry. As tensions rose in Europe ahead of the
507:. For his service during the war he received the British
488:. The transfer convoy was attacked by a MUR force led by
441:
at Avignon. Moulin had been tasked by Free French leader
207:
Lévy (third from right at back) with other members of the
886:"Jean-Pierre Levy Dies at 85; A French Resistance Leader"
321:
France was invaded by German forces on 10 May 1940 and
226:
Lévy joined the resistance and in 1941 co-founded the
589:
International League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism
279:
International League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism
277:. Lévy also served on the central committee of the
473:, Cheshire, Levy and d'Astier returned to Lyon by
632:was published posthumously in Paris in 1998, as
571:from 1971 to 1976 and served as president of the
484:for six months before a transfer was arranged to
928:
591:in 1971 and from 1979 was administrator of the
587:in France. He joined the central committee of
786:
784:
782:
780:
499:and Lévy was freed. He afterwards joined the
449:Lévy and Moulin joined the directorate of the
334:resistance against the German and Vichy forces
332:By September 1940 Lévy had become involved in
628:Lévy died in Paris on 15 December 1996. His
417:Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action
777:
593:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
525:Cross of the Resistance Volunteer Combatant
313:, Lévy was mobilised into the French Army.
275:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
126:Officer of the order of Agricultural Merit
16:French industrialist and resistance leader
430:uniting French resistant movements under
261:business school and administrator of the
909:. Oxford University Press. p. 513.
850:. Oxford University Press. p. 407.
666:. Oxford University Press. p. 367.
605:Ordre du Mérite commercial et industriel
542:
534:
421:
202:
131:Ordre du Mérite commercial et industriel
906:France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944
902:
847:France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944
843:
752:
750:
663:France: The Dark Years, 1940–1944
659:
560:factories and from 1968 to 1972 of the
929:
763:. Pen and Sword Military. p. 87.
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
552:1957 to 1964 was administrator of the
883:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
797:. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 145.
790:
756:
733:L'Ordre de la Libération et son Musée
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
246:. He was present at the August 1944
747:
791:Adams, Geoffrey (6 November 2006).
513:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
316:
13:
864:
680:
501:National Council of the Resistance
392:and many were also members of the
289:Lévy, who was Jewish, was born in
244:National Council of the Resistance
209:National Council of the Resistance
14:
978:
884:Cohen, Roger (23 December 1996).
957:Jewish French military personnel
547:A street in Paris named for Lévy
451:Mouvements unis de la Résistance
403:in Marseilles, Lévy established
236:Mouvements unis de la Résistance
97:Mouvements unis de la Résistance
539:A street in Lyon named for Lévy
467:Emmanuel d'Astier de La Vigerie
896:
837:
811:
735:(in French). French government
653:
437:In January 1942 Lévy met with
401:resistance-produced newspapers
1:
952:Jews in the French resistance
646:
284:
757:Black, Jeremy (4 May 2023).
7:
601:Order of Agricultural Merit
530:
257:. He was president of the
10:
983:
583:1967 was administrator of
477:aircraft on 25 July 1943.
962:French newspaper founders
947:French Resistance members
616:Ordre du Mérite artisanal
517:Croix de Guerre 1939–1945
197:
193:
172:
167:
163:
159:
144:Ordre du Mérite artisanal
113:
103:
85:
66:
50:
28:
21:
903:Jackson, Julian (2003).
844:Jackson, Julian (2003).
660:Jackson, Julian (2003).
597:Ordre national du Mérite
122:Ordre national du Mérite
73:French resistance leader
585:SOS Children's Villages
562:National Forests Office
463:Companion of Liberation
461:. He was designated a
271:SOS Children's Villages
263:National Forests Office
760:The Geographies of War
548:
540:
434:
379:Jean-Jacques Soudeille
323:surrendered on 22 June
212:
967:French businesspeople
614:and commander of the
546:
538:
425:
338:Franc-Tireur movement
228:Franc-Tireur movement
206:
120:Grand officer of the
297:) after the 1870–71
603:, commander of the
580:Order of Liberation
505:liberation of Paris
394:Human Rights League
299:Franco-Prussian War
267:Order of Liberation
248:liberation of Paris
890:The New York Times
729:"Jean-Pierre LEVY"
549:
541:
435:
273:in France and the
213:
916:978-0-19-162288-5
857:978-0-19-162288-5
804:978-0-7735-7666-7
770:978-1-3990-1592-9
673:978-0-19-162288-5
599:, officer of the
475:Westland Lysander
443:Charles de Gaulle
432:Charles de Gaulle
240:Charles de Gaulle
211:in September 1944
201:
200:
142:Commander of the
129:Commander of the
974:
921:
920:
900:
894:
893:
881:
862:
861:
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
815:
809:
808:
788:
775:
774:
754:
745:
744:
742:
740:
725:
678:
677:
657:
624:
613:
521:Resistance Medal
498:
387:
376:
365:
354:
317:Second World War
311:Second World War
220:Second World War
216:Jean-Pierre Lévy
152:
139:
57:
54:15 December 1996
38:
36:
23:Jean-Pierre Lévy
19:
18:
982:
981:
977:
976:
975:
973:
972:
971:
927:
926:
925:
924:
917:
901:
897:
882:
865:
858:
842:
838:
828:
826:
817:
816:
812:
805:
789:
778:
771:
755:
748:
738:
736:
727:
726:
681:
674:
658:
654:
649:
618:
607:
533:
492:
482:La Santé Prison
381:
370:
359:
348:
319:
303:First World War
287:
189:
155:
146:
133:
86:Organisation(s)
81:
62:
59:
55:
46:
40:
34:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
980:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
923:
922:
915:
895:
863:
856:
836:
825:. 21 June 2024
819:"Vichy France"
810:
803:
776:
769:
746:
679:
672:
651:
650:
648:
645:
532:
529:
509:Military Cross
490:Charles Gonard
486:Fresnes Prison
455:Libération-sud
357:Auguste Pinton
342:Antoine Avinin
318:
315:
286:
283:
224:fall of France
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
188:
187:
182:
176:
174:
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
154:
153:
140:
127:
124:
117:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
87:
83:
82:
80:
79:
74:
70:
68:
64:
63:
60:
58:(aged 85)
52:
48:
47:
41:
30:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
979:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
918:
912:
908:
907:
899:
891:
887:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
859:
853:
849:
848:
840:
824:
820:
814:
806:
800:
796:
795:
787:
785:
783:
781:
772:
766:
762:
761:
753:
751:
734:
730:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
675:
669:
665:
664:
656:
652:
644:
642:
641:9782870277331
638:
635:
631:
626:
622:
617:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
576:
574:
570:
567:Lévy led the
565:
563:
559:
555:
545:
537:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
496:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
444:
440:
433:
429:
424:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
390:anti-clerical
385:
380:
374:
369:
363:
358:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
314:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
295:German Empire
292:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
210:
205:
196:
192:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
175:
171:
168:Academic work
166:
162:
158:
150:
145:
141:
137:
132:
128:
125:
123:
119:
118:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
99:
98:
93:
92:
88:
84:
78:
77:Industrialist
75:
72:
71:
69:
65:
61:Paris, France
53:
49:
44:
31:
27:
20:
905:
898:
889:
846:
839:
827:. Retrieved
822:
813:
793:
759:
737:. Retrieved
732:
662:
655:
633:
629:
627:
577:
566:
550:
479:
448:
436:
409:Franc-Tireur
408:
405:Franc-Tireur
404:
398:
346:Noël Clavier
331:
327:Vichy France
320:
307:
288:
252:
215:
214:
173:Institutions
95:
91:Franc-Tireur
89:
56:(1996-12-15)
942:1996 deaths
937:1911 births
619: [
608: [
493: [
439:Jean Moulin
428:Jean Moulin
382: [
371: [
360: [
349: [
232:Jean Moulin
147: [
134: [
67:Occupations
39:28 May 1911
931:Categories
823:Britannica
647:References
413:Marc Bloch
340:alongside
291:Strasbourg
285:Early life
43:Strasbourg
35:1911-05-28
573:HEC Paris
368:Élie Péju
259:HEC Paris
185:HEC Paris
108:Political
554:Auvergne
531:Post-war
523:and the
471:Wilmslow
104:Movement
45:, Alsace
829:22 June
739:22 June
558:Renault
255:Renault
180:IFREMER
913:
854:
801:
767:
670:
639:
519:, the
515:, the
511:, the
459:Combat
114:Awards
623:]
612:]
497:]
386:]
375:]
364:]
353:]
151:]
138:]
911:ISBN
852:ISBN
831:2024
799:ISBN
765:ISBN
741:2024
668:ISBN
637:ISBN
457:and
377:and
51:Died
29:Born
643:.
933::
888:.
866:^
821:.
779:^
749:^
731:.
682:^
625:.
621:fr
610:fr
527:.
495:fr
396:.
384:fr
373:fr
366:,
362:fr
355:,
351:fr
344:,
305:.
281:.
250:.
149:fr
136:fr
94:,
919:.
892:.
860:.
833:.
807:.
773:.
743:.
676:.
37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
