27:
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203:. Devlin replied that he "got them as the Jayhawk gets its birds in Ireland", which he explained as follows: "In Ireland a bird, which is called the Jayhawk, flies about after dark, seeking the roosts and nests of smaller birds, and not only robs nests of eggs, but frequently kills the birds." McReynolds understood Devlin had acquired his horses in the same manner the Jayhawk got its prey, and used the term in a Southern Kansas Herald newspaper column to describe a case of theft in the ongoing partisan violence. The term was quickly picked up by other newspapers, and "Jayhawkers" soon came to denote the militants and thieves affiliated with the Free State cause.
272:
35:
394:
353:
western
Missouri had been laid waste, by an assortment of Kansas Jayhawkers ranging from outlaws and independent military bands to rogue federal troops such as Lane's Brigade and Jennison's Jayhawkers. In February 1862, the Union command instituted martial law due to "the crime of armed depredations or jay-hawking having reached a height dangerous to the peace and posterity to the whole State (Kansas) and seriously compromising the Union cause in the border counties of Missouri."
1525:
414:
gracefully sailing in the air until "the audience of jays and other small but jealous and vicious birds sail in and jab him until he gets tired of show life and slides out of trouble in the lower earth." In the Pat Devlin stories, the jayhawk is described more in terms of its behavior (bullying, robbing, and killing) than the type of bird it is.
343:
however, is regarded as more purely an indiscriminate thief and murderer than the
Jayhawker or Bushwhacker. A Bushwhacker is a rebel Jayhawker, or a rebel who bands with others for the purpose of preying upon the lives and property of Union citizens. They are all lawless and indiscriminate in their iniquities.
357:
East
Kentucky and East Tennessee mountains, did the Civil War degenerate so completely into a squalid, murderous, slugging match as it did in Kansas and Missouri." The most infamous event in this war of raids and reprisals was Confederate leader William Quantrill's raid on Lawrence, Kansas, known as the
413:
Historic descriptions of the ornithological origin of the "Jayhawker" term have varied. Writing on the troubles in Kansas
Territory in 1859, one journalist stated the jayhawk was a hawk that preys on the jay. One of the "Jayhawkers of '49" recalled that the name sprang from their observation of hawks
356:
One expert on the
Jayhawkers stated that the Border War would have been bad enough given the fighting between secessionist and unionist Missourians, "but it was basically Kansas craving for revenge and Kansas craving for loot that set the tone of the war. Nowhere else, with the grim exception of the
283:
Jayhawking was a prominent aspect of Union military operations in western
Missouri during the first year of the war. In addition to Osceola, the smaller Missouri towns of Morristown, Papinsvile, Butler, Dayton, and Columbus and large numbers of rural homes were also pillaged by Kansas troops led by
441:
Plunderers and militant abolitionists were referred to as "Jayhawkers" or "Red Legs" and both were used as terms of derision towards those from Kansas after the Civil War. The term "Jayhawk" has evolved over the years to a term of pride used by some
Kansans. The term "Red Leg" as applied to Kansans
417:
The link between the term "Jayhawkers" and any specific kind of bird, if such an association ever existed, had been lost or at least obscured by the time KU's bird mascot was invented in 1912, which was meant to serve as a visual representation of the
Jayhawker movement, an homage by the university
242:
The
Jayhawker term was applied not only to Jennison and his command, but to any Kansas troops engaged in punitive operations against the civilian population of western Missouri, in which the plundering and arson that characterized the territorial struggles were repeated, but on a much larger scale.
380:
As the war continued, the "Jayhawker" term came to be used by
Confederates as a derogatory term for any troops from Kansas, but the term also had different meanings in different parts of the country. In Arkansas, the term was used by Confederate Arkansans as an epithet for any marauder, robber, or
311:
described Jennison's regiment as "no better than a band of robbers; they cross the line, rob, steal, plunder, and burn whatever they can lay their hands upon. They disgrace the name and uniform of American soldiers and are driving good Union men into the ranks of the secession army." There were no
198:
Another early reference to the term (as applied to the Kansas troubles) emerging at that time is provided in the retrospective account of Kansas newspaperman John McReynolds. McReynolds reportedly picked up the term from Pat Devlin, a Free State partisan described as "nothing more nor less than a
352:
The depredations of the Jayhawkers contributed to the descent of the Missouri–Kansas border region into some of the most vicious guerrilla fighting of the Civil War. In the first year of the war, much of the movable wealth in western Missouri had been transferred to Kansas, and large swaths of
342:
Jayhawkers, Red Legs, and Bushwhackers are everyday terms in Kansas and Western Missouri. A Jayhawker is a Unionist who professes to rob, burn out and murder only rebels in arms against the government. A Red Leg is a Jayhawker originally distinguished by the uniform of red leggings. A Red Leg,
418:
to the state's history. The originator of the bird mascot, Henry Maloy, struggled for over two years to create a pictorial symbol for the team, until hitting upon the bird idea. As explained by Maloy, "the term 'jayhawk' in the school yell was a verb and the term 'Jayhawkers' was the noun."
958:
Americanisms – Old & New: a Dictionary of Words, Phrases And Colloquialisms Peculiar to the United States, British America, the West Indies, Etc. Etc., Their Derivation, Meaning And Application, Together With Numerous Anecdotal, Historical, Explanatory, And Folk-lore
463:
radio show episode "Texas Cowboys" (1954 Radio), Jayhawkers follow a cattle drive and continue to stampede the herd. Marshal Matt Dillon allows the cowboys to "hurrah" Dodge. Jayhawkers were also the subject of the October 16, 1955 episode "Trouble in
1067:
History of Kansas Newspapers: A History of the Newspapers And Magazines Published In Kansas From the Organization of Kansas Territory, 1854, to January 1, 1916; Together With Brief Statistical Information of the Counties, Cities And Towns of the
219:, one of the territorial-era jayhawkers, was authorized to raise a regiment of cavalry to serve in the Union army, he characterized the unit as the "Independent Kansas Jay-Hawkers" on a recruiting poster. The regiment was officially termed the
175:
G. Murlin Welch, a historian of the territorial period described the Jayhawkers as bands of men that were willing to fight, kill, and rob for a variety of motives that included defense against pro-slavery "Border Ruffians", abolition, driving
187:" era is generally regarded as beginning in 1856, the earliest documented uses of the term "jayhawker" during the Kansas troubles were in the late 1850s, after the issue of slavery in Kansas had essentially been decided in favor of the
227:. Thus, the term became associated with Union troops from Kansas. After the regiment was banished from the Missouri–Kansas border in the spring of 1862, it went on to participate in several battles including Union victories of the
1289:
1232:
491:(1959) depicts a charismatic leader (Jeff Chandler) of a new independent Republic of Kansas in a showdown with an ex-renegade raider (Fess Parker), sent by the military governor to capture him and bring him to justice.
161:
Confederated at first for defense against pro-slavery outrages, but ultimately falling more or less completely into the vocation of robbers and assassins, they have received the name—whatever its origin may be—of
384:
Over time, proud of their state's contributions to the end of slavery and the preservation of the Union, Kansans embraced the "Jayhawker" term. The term came to be applied to people or items related to Kansas.
405:
fielded their first football team in 1890, the team was called the Jayhawkers. Over time, the name was gradually supplanted by its shorter variant, and KU's sports teams are now exclusively known as the
428:
In 2017, the Kansas football team unveiled uniforms with an American flag on the helmet, blue jerseys, and red pants which featured the words "Kansas Jay-Hawkers" above a seal featuring a sword and a
368:
Intended to eliminate sanctuary and sustenance for pro-Confederate guerrilla fighters, it was enforced by troops from Kansas, and provided an excuse for a final round of plundering, arson, and
157:
period. The term came to be used to describe militant bands nominally associated with the free-state cause. One early Kansas history contained this succinct characterization of the Jayhawkers:
381:
thief regardless of Union or Confederate affiliation. In Louisiana, the term was used to describe anti-Confederate guerrillas; in Texas, free-booting bands of draft dodgers and deserters.
1031:
837:
335:, a captain of Jennison's Regiment, who resigned and turned to jayhawking. Cleveland operated under cover of supposed Unionism, but was outside the Union military command.
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produced a declaration condemning what city leadership viewed as a connection between the Jayhawk mascot and the historical Jayhawkers who burned the town in 1861.
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372:
perpetrated against the civilian population of western Missouri. In the words of one observer, "the Kansas–Missouri border was a disgrace even to barbarism."
808:
Dictionary of Americanisms. A glossary of words and phrases, usually regarded as peculiar to the United States; Fourth edition, greatly improved and enlarged
1585:
1595:
235:. Late in the war, the regiment returned to Kansas and contributed to Union victory in one of the last major battles in the Missouri–Kansas theater, the
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191:
cause. The earliest dated mention of the name comes from the autobiography of August Bondi, who came to Kansas in 1855. Bondi said he observed General
331:
Further compounding confusion over what the term Jayhawker meant along the Missouri–Kansas border was its use in describing outright criminals like
1488:
1025:
500:
episode called "Incident of the Phantom Bugler" a group referred to as Jayhawkers attempt to extort money from Gil Favor and crew to cross river.
482:
episode called "The Jayhawkers," men of that name try to extort money from cattle-drivers by threatening to scatter their herds unless paid off.
26:
1066:
312:
charges against Lane, Jennison, or other officers under Lane's command for their role in the jayhawking raids of 1861–1862, but Union General
1008:
199:
dangerous bully." In mid-1858, McReynolds asked Devlin where he had acquired two fine horses that he had recently brought into the town of
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1171:
144:
himself, who have had every hoof confiscated, or jayhawked, which is about the same thing, for all the benefit it is to the Government.
1600:
1340:"Address to the public, vindicating a work of art illustrative of the federal military policy in Missouri during the late civil war"
1568:
Pogo Comic Strip: The legendary comic strip "Pogo" considered the Kansas Jayhawk in this original art drawn by creator Walt Kelly,
1119:. The regimental history of the Second Kansas Volunteer Infantry as published in the Adjutant General's Report, Vol. 2, pp. 93-97,
1002:
Kansas: a cyclopedia of state history, embracing events, institutions, industries, counties, cities, towns, prominent persons, etc.
1049:
992:. Pleasanton, Kan.: Published for the Linn County Historical Society by Linn County Publishers, 1977. Chapter XV, End note No. 20.
300:, among others. Scores if not hundreds of Missouri families were burned out of their homes in the middle of the winter of 1862.
1414:
621:
220:
192:
956:
92:, or anybody born in Kansas. Today a modified version of the term, Jayhawk, is used as a nickname for a native-born Kansan.
1605:
1092:"Origin of the Word Jayhawking In Application to the People of Kansas. Incidents in the early History of the Territory".
570:
323:
45:, where the Jayhawker group of 49ers killed their oxen, chopped the wagons, dried the meat, and set off westward on foot.
512:(1976) took up the Confederate cause after Redleg Jayhawkers from Kansas killed his son and raped and murdered his wife.
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call sign is the Fighting Jayhawks, and previously the Flying Jayhawks for many years before losing assigned aircraft.
1503:
1481:
693:
285:
244:
941:
806:
1543:
1459:
Kirke Mechem. The Mythical Jayhawk. Kansas Historical Quarterly, February 1944 (Vol. 13, No. 1), pages 1 to 15.
1395:
1365:
729:
432:. Kansas Athletics stated that the red pants was an homage to the term "Redlegs," another name for Jayhawkers.
1294:
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the War of the Union and Confederate Armies
1237:
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the War of the Union and Confederate Armies
338:
A newspaper reporter traveling through Kansas in 1863 provided definitions of jayhawker and associated terms:
120:
It was established that the term was adopted as a nickname by a group of emigrants from Illinois traveling to
922:
Pearl T. Ponce, Kansas's War: The Civil War in Documents (Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio, 2011), p. 174
654:
588:
65:
1615:
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362:
317:
127:
In 1858–59, the slang term "Jayhawking" became widely used as a synonym for stealing. Examples include:
791:
532:
516:
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1106:"Origin of the Word 'Jayhawking'". The (Junction City) Smoky Hill and Republican Union. June 18, 1864.
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977:. Pleasanton, Kan.: Published for the Linn County Historical Society by Linn County Publishers, 1977.
643:
628:
610:
1513:(details the origins of the James-Younger and other outlaw gangs in the Kansas-Missouri border war).
1290:
General Order No. 17; Headquarters Department of Kansas, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, February 8, 1862.
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1590:
1027:
Autobiography of August Bondi (1833-1907): Published by His Sons and Daughters for Its Preservation
698:
260:
232:
38:
20:
519:
was portrayed as a racist, vengeful, and larcenous commander of a black regiment in the 1989 film
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271:
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577:
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30:
Broadside recruiting men for the Independent Kansas Jay-Hawkers, 1st Kansas Volunteer Cavalry.
106:
153:
The term became part of the lexicon of the Missouri–Kansas border in about 1858, during the
1567:
658:
445:
Items stolen in raids into Missouri were frequently referred to as having been "Jayhawked."
402:
256:
236:
188:
1261:
1005:
16:
Became synonymous with the people of Kansas during the Bleeding Kansas period of the 1850s
8:
1610:
1553:
708:
592:
496:
469:
293:
289:
276:
216:
166:
1296:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901, series 1, volume 8, pp. 547-548
1239:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901, series 1, volume 8, pp. 448-449
892:(Topeka: Kansas Publishing House, 1875), pp. 615–16; Starr, Jennison's Jayhawkers, p. 29
758:
639:
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332:
248:
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34:
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987:
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838:
Origin of the Name "Jayhawker," and How It Came to Be Applied to the People of Kansas
557:
521:
422:
369:
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succeeded in curtailing Lane's military role, and units of Kansas troops such as the
73:
1411:
566:
154:
113:(1848), but was entered into the fourth improved and enlarged edition in 1877 as a
57:
88:". After the Civil War, the word "Jayhawker" became synonymous with the people of
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1322:
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Major General Henry Halleck to Brigadier General Lorenzo Thomas, January 18, 1862
1175:
1035:
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599:
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settlers from their claims of land, revenge, and/or plunder and personal profit.
114:
61:
1382:
1004:
Standard Pub. Co. Chicago : 1912. Vols. I–II edited by Frank W. Blackmar.
683:
562:
549:
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308:
252:
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141:
81:
1079:"The Kansas War, The Disturbances in Southern Kansas – Brown and Montgomery".
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780:
632:
541:
304:
172:(1889) linked the term with anti-slavery advocates of late 1850s in Kansas.
64:
period of the 1850s; they were adopted by militant bands affiliated with the
393:
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for students selected to fly strategic/tactical airlift or tanker aircraft.
581:
576:
An alternative country/alternative rock band originating in the 1980s from
545:
453:
313:
42:
678:
85:
1197:
Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865
1355:. 1892. Reprint. Lawrence, Kans.: Journal Publishing Co., 1898. p. 455.
703:
665:
121:
1536:
1496:
Jennison's Jayhawkers: A Civil War Cavalry Regiment and its Commander.
913:
Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 34 (Summer 2011):, 117
620:
The United States Army Company A of the 9th aviation battalion of the
1552:
1450:. Fort Scott: Press of the Monitor Book & Print. Co., 1894, p.96.
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in the roles of maritime patrol, interdiction, and search and rescue.
211:
The meaning of the jayhawker term evolved in the opening year of the
1015:. Transcribed July 2002 by Carolyn Ward. Accessed January 21, 2011.
478:
388:
77:
1117:
Seventh Regiment (Jennison's Jayhawkers) Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
537:
365:, the forced depopulation of specified Missouri border counties.
177:
1524:
1383:
Some Notes on the Civil War Jayhawkers of Confederate Louisiana
931:
Missourians were called "Bushwackers" and Kansans—"Jayhawkers".
117:
name for a freebooting armed man in the western United States.
89:
1433:(Manitowoc, WI), February 4, 1859, page 1, column A. From the
1143:
Black Flag: Guerrilla Warfare on the Western Border, 1861–1865
429:
1038:. Galesberg, Ill.: Wagoner Printing Co., 1911, pp. 6, 33–34.
527:, where he is referred to as "a real Jayhawker from Kansas."
361:. In response to Quantrill's raid, the Union command issued
467:
A cattle drive being held up by Jayhawkers is depicted in
251:, in the opening months of the war after their defeat by
105:
The term did not appear in the first American edition of
1316:"Kansas Jayhawking Raids Into Western Missouri in 1861"
946:. New York: Boston Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1896
195:
addressing his forces as Jayhawkers in December 1857.
1169:
Kansas Jayhawking Raids into Western Missouri in 1861
1156:
Jayhawkers: The Civil War Brigade of James Henry Lane
1280:. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: The Torch Press. 1910, p. 412.
1070:. Topeka: Kansas state printing plant, 1916, p. 239.
243:
For example, the term "Jayhawkers" also encompassed
1050:
James H. Lane and the Origins of the Kansas Jayhawk
825:
Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society
1145:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1995.
823:Fox, Simeon M. "The Story of the Seventh Kansas,"
811:. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1977, p. 321
879:(Kansas City, Kans.: Campbell-Gates, 1928), p. 22
631:operates the medium range twin engine helicopter
266:
148:
1577:
1370:The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture
389:Relationship to the University of Kansas Jayhawk
320:were shuffled off to other theaters of the war.
131:O'ive been over till Eph. Kepley's a-jayhawking.
1054:Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains
552:depicts Jayhawkers raiding Missouri homesteads.
76:who often clashed with pro-slavery groups from
866:Cutler, History of the State of Kansas, 1:878.
140:, working by the day for a living as loyal as
1096:(Iola, Kansas), May 23, 1868; Vol. 2, No. 19.
989:Border Warfare in Southeast Kansas: 1856–1859
974:Border Warfare in Southeast Kansas: 1856–1859
943:Kansas: The Prelude to the War for the Union
124:in 1849, who got stuck in the Death Valley.
80:, known at the time in Kansas Territory as "
1586:Guerrilla warfare in the American Civil War
1489:"America's Civil War: Missouri and Kansas."
1474:Civil War in Kansas: Reaping the Whirlwind.
842:Kansas State Historical Society Collections
819:
817:
448:The Jayhawkers are featured prominently in
307:on January 18, 1862 in a letter to General
1596:Irregular forces of the American Civil War
1400:, Vol. 13, No. 1, February 1944, pp. 1-15
1065:Henry King, and William Elsey Connelley.
1278:William E. Quantrill and the Border Wars
814:
617:official nickname was The Jayhawk Corps.
392:
322:
270:
33:
25:
1578:
1214:. Charleston, SC: History Press, 2012.
875:William Anselm Mitchell, Linn County,
727:
561:, directed by Oscar-winning filmmaker
206:
1158:. University of Oklahoma Press, 2009.
435:
375:
347:
318:7th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
221:7th Regiment Kansas Volunteer Cavalry
56:are terms that came to prominence in
740:(1). Kansas Historical Society: 1–15
506:'s Missourian character in the film
442:has disappeared from common lexicon.
962:. London: T. Poulter, 1889, p. 323.
721:
657:operate the advanced pilot trainer
624:official nickname was The Jayhawks.
452:'s historical novel, "Border Hawk:
249:sacked and burned Osceola, Missouri
13:
1466:
1404:
14:
1637:
1517:
781:Jayhawker - Thefreedictionary.com
694:German Americans in the Civil War
1601:Kansas in the American Civil War
1523:
1211:Guerrillas in Civil War Missouri
855:History of Bourbon County Kansas
565:, follows the college career of
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587:An unincorporated community in
1544:New International Encyclopedia
847:
830:
799:
785:
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770:Jayhwaker - Merriamwebster.com
763:
752:
267:Jayhawking in western Missouri
247:and his Kansas Brigade, which
149:Missouri–Kansas border lexicon
100:
1:
844:, vol. 14, 1918, pp. 203-207.
714:
606:is known as the Jayhawk Wing.
397:The University of Kansas logo
223:, but was popularly known as
1511:A Dynasty of Western Outlaws
1421:. Accessed January 28, 2011.
1366:"Jayhawkers and Bushwackers"
655:Japan Air Self-Defense Force
589:El Dorado County, California
7:
1606:American regional nicknames
1398:Kansas Historical Quarterly
890:Annals of Kansas: 1541–1885
734:Kansas Historical Quarterly
672:
363:General Order No. 11 (1863)
10:
1644:
1410:The University of Kansas,
1327:Missouri Historical Review
1180:Missouri Historical Review
793:Dictionary of Americanisms
759:Jayhawker - Dictionary.com
571:Kansas Jayhawks basketball
111:Dictionary of Americanisms
18:
1570:Kansas Historical Society
1494:Starr, Steven Z. (1974).
1448:History of Bourbon County
1412:"Traditions, The Jayhawk"
1266:Kansas Historical Society
1182:54, no. 1 (October 1959).
1121:Kansas Historical Society
940:Spring, Leverett Wilson.
629:United States Coast Guard
275:Jemison's Jayhawkers, by
170:Americanisms, old and new
95:
1342:. Kansas City, MO. 1871.
1094:The Allen County Courant
1056:34 (Summer 2011): 114–27
805:Bartlett, John Russell.
646:high speed target drone.
261:Battle of Dry Wood Creek
233:Second Battle of Corinth
21:Jayhawk (disambiguation)
1472:Castel, Albert (1997).
1338:Bingham, George Caleb.
651:United States Air Force
604:Commemorative Air Force
1560:Encyclopedia Americana
1509:Wellman, Paul. (1962)
1396:The Mythical Jayhawk,
1364:Daniel E. Sutherland.
955:Farmer, John Stephen.
730:"The Mythical Jayhawk"
728:Mechem, Kirke (1944).
578:Minneapolis, Minnesota
509:The Outlaw Josey Wales
398:
345:
328:
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164:
146:
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46:
31:
622:9th Infantry Division
421:In 2011, the city of
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326:
274:
225:Jennison's Jayhawkers
159:
134:
129:
37:
29:
1532:at Wikimedia Commons
403:University of Kansas
303:Union Major General
257:Missouri State Guard
237:Battle of Mine Creek
19:For other uses, see
1353:The Kansas Conflict
1351:Robinson, Charles.
1329:54/1. October 1959.
1083:, January 28, 1859.
709:William Sloan Tough
689:Quantrill's Raiders
593:Jayhawk, California
533:Ride With the Devil
294:Daniel Read Anthony
290:Charles R. Jennison
277:Adalbert John Volck
207:Kansas Union troops
72:. These gangs were
39:Burned Wagons Point
1616:American Civil War
1417:2012-11-15 at the
1381:Block, William T.
1321:2014-03-14 at the
1262:Marshall Cleveland
1174:2014-03-14 at the
1167:Castel, Albert E.
1141:Goodrich, Thomas.
1081:The New York Times
1034:2015-04-23 at the
1011:2009-03-22 at the
1006:"Jayhawkers" entry
986:Welch, G. Murlin.
971:Welch, G. Murlin.
888:Daniel W. Wilder,
836:William A. Lyman.
640:United States Navy
615:United States Army
515:Jayhawker Colonel
436:Cultural influence
399:
376:Different meanings
348:Guerrilla fighting
333:Marshall Cleveland
329:
327:Marshall Cleveland
281:
213:American Civil War
155:Kansas territorial
70:American Civil War
47:
32:
1554:"Jayhawker"
1538:"Jayhawker"
1528:Media related to
1431:The Daily Tribune
1154:Benedict, Bryce.
904:3 (1873), p. 553.
877:Kansas: A History
423:Osceola, Missouri
370:summary execution
359:Lawrence Massacre
68:cause during the
1633:
1621:Kansas Territory
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666:184th Intel Wing
567:Wilt Chamberlain
517:James Montgomery
298:James Montgomery
245:Senator Jim Lane
217:Charles Jennison
58:Kansas Territory
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1626:Kansas Jayhawks
1591:Bleeding Kansas
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1467:Further reading
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555:The 2014 movie
540:, and starring
530:The 1999 movie
488:The Jayhawkers!
450:Lloyd Alexander
438:
408:Kansas Jayhawks
391:
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314:David H. Hunter
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185:Bleeding Kansas
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136:Men are now at
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62:Bleeding Kansas
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742:. Retrieved
737:
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602:wing of the
582:The Jayhawks
556:
546:Skeet Ulrich
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522:
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495:
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470:The Tall Men
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454:August Bondi
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86:Bushwhackers
53:
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43:Death Valley
679:Bushwhacker
659:T-1 Jayhawk
183:While the "
162:jayhawkers.
101:Early usage
60:during the
1611:Union Army
1580:Categories
1530:Jayhawkers
1276:Connelly,
1193:Jayhawkers
715:References
704:Jaywalking
558:Jayhawkers
494:In a 1961
485:The movie
476:In a 1959
286:James Lane
201:Osawatomie
193:James Lane
189:Free State
142:Gen. Blunt
138:Fort Scott
122:California
74:guerrillas
66:free-state
744:April 14,
611:VII Corps
591:is named
580:is named
401:When the
50:Jayhawker
1415:Archived
1319:Archived
1248:Castel,
1172:Archived
1032:Archived
1009:Archived
857:, p. 95;
853:Robley,
673:See also
653:and the
479:Gunsmoke
464:Kansas."
461:Gunsmoke
231:and the
167:Farmer's
107:Burtlett
78:Missouri
1563:. 1920.
1547:. 1905.
699:Jayhawk
613:of the
538:Ang Lee
497:Rawhide
473:(1955).
459:In the
259:in the
215:. When
178:slavery
54:red leg
1502:
1480:
795:(1848)
548:, and
296:, and
96:Origin
90:Kansas
84:" or "
1292:. In
1235:. In
1068:State
959:Notes
573:team.
550:Jewel
523:Glory
430:rifle
1500:ISBN
1478:ISBN
746:2014
664:The
649:The
638:The
627:The
609:The
598:The
176:pro-
115:cant
52:and
255:'s
109:'s
41:in
1582::
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840:,
816:^
738:13
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456:."
410:.
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1498:(
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279:.
23:.
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