43:
287:
251:
896:
713:
161:
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their shields. With the enemy deprived of rapid movement and their visibility impaired by their own raised shields, the Roman troops were then better placed to exploit the tactical situation. It is unlikely plumbatae were viewed by the Romans as the killing blow, but more as a means of stalling the enemy at ranges greater than previously provided by the heavier and shorter ranged pilum.
35:
384:
659:
the horsemen gave them an advantage against slow infantry and made them hard to target. The maneuver was designed to harass and taunt the enemy forces, disrupting close formations. This was commonly used against enemy infantry, especially the heavily armed and slow moving legions of the Romans. This tactic came to be known as the
828:, the primary Welsh tactic was to rain javelins on the tired, hungry, and heavily armoured English troops and then retreat into the mountains or woods before the English troops could pursue and attack them. This tactic was very successful, since it demoralized and damaged the English armies while the Welsh ranks suffered little.
716:
Norman cavalry armed with lances attacks the Anglo-Saxon shield wall. Notice the dominance of the spearmen in the front line of the formation. In the back of the formation there is one warrior armed with a battle-axe, one archer, and one javelineer. There are javelins in mid-flight and slain soldiers
658:
tribes invented a military tactic to maximize the advantages of the combination between horse and javelin. In this tactic the horsemen rode around in circles, toward and away from the enemy, continually hurling javelins. The tactic was usually employed against heavy infantry. The constant movement of
147:
trunk and were between 1.83 and 2.25 metres (6.0 and 7.4 ft) long. They were manufactured with the maximum thickness and weight situated at the front end of the wooden shaft. The frontal centre of gravity suggests that these weapons were used as javelins. A fossilized horse shoulder blade with a
623:
Two or three plumbatae were typically clipped to a small wooden bracket on the inside of the large oval or round shields used at the time. Massed troops would unclip and hurl plumbatae as the enemy neared, hopefully stalling their movement and morale by making them clump together and huddle under
333:
was moving in the open field without the protection of any missile-throwing troops. He decided to ambush it with his force of peltasts. By launching repeated hit-and-run attacks against the
Spartan formation, Iphicrates and his men were able to wear the Spartans down, eventually routing them and
803:
were Arabic light horsemen armed with several javelins, a sword, and a shield. They were proficient at skirmishing and rapid maneuver, and played an important role in Arabic mounted warfare throughout the
Reconquista until the sixteenth century. These units were widespread among the Italian
946:. The assegai was not discarded, but was used for an initial missile assault. With the larger shields, introduced by Shaka to the Zulu army, the short spears used as stabbing swords and the opening phase of javelin attack; the Zulu regiments were quite similar to the Roman legion with its
616:, it resembled a thick stocky arrow, fletched with leather vanes to provide stability and rotation in flight (which increased accuracy). To overcome its comparatively small mass, the plumbata was fitted with an oval-shaped lead weight socketed around the shaft just forward of the
485:
being somewhat lighter. Pictorial evidence suggests that some versions of the weapon were weighted with a lead ball at the base of the shank in order to increase penetrative power, but no archaeological specimens have been found. Recent experiments have shown
1268:
683:
was a light cavalry usually operating as skirmishers. The
Numidian horseman was armed with a small shield and several javelins. The Numidians had a reputation as swift horsemen, cunning soldiers and excellent javelin throwers. It is said that
473:), was about two metres long overall, consisting of an iron shank, about 7 mm in diameter and 60 cm long, with pyramidal head, secured to a wooden shaft. The iron shank was either socketed or, more usually, widened to a flat
909:
kingdoms have used the javelin as their main weapon since ancient times. Typical
African warfare was based on ritualized stand-off encounters involving throwing javelins without advancing for close combat. In the flag of
193:
It consisted of a long thin shaft, sometimes merely pointed, but generally armed with a head, which was either leaf-shaped, or like the head of a spear, or else four-sided, and attached to the shaft by projections at the
2180:
795:
were a class of
Aragonese infantrymen armed with a short sword, a shield and two heavy javelins, known as azcona. The equipment resembled that of a Roman legionary and the use of the heavy javelins was much the same.
1018:
at the dawn of time, Odin hurled a javelin over the enemy host which, according to custom, was thought to bring good fortune or victory to the thrower. Odin also wounded himself with a spear while hanging from
201:
Egyptian military trained from a young age in special military schools. Focusing on gymnastics to gain strength, hardiness, and endurance in childhood, they learned to throw the javelin – along with practicing
557:
and other Roman generals reorganised the army in the late second and early first centuries BC. Their role would most likely have been taken by irregular auxiliary troops as the republic expanded overseas. The
726:
There is some literary and archeological evidence that the Norse were familiar with and used the javelin for hunting and warfare, but they commonly used a spear designed for both throwing and thrusting. The
1655:
Warry, John Gibson, (1995), Warfare in the
Classical World: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in the Ancient Civilisations of Greece and Rome, University of Oklahoma Press.
2173:
541:, on account of discharging a hail of javelins at some range and not presenting a "block" that could be trampled on or otherwise smashed – unlike the close-order infantry behind them. At the
1180:
Schmitt, U.; Singh, A. P.; Thieme, H.; Friedrich, P.; Hoffmann, P. (2005). "Electron microscopic characterization of cell wall degradation of the 400,000-year-old wooden Schöningen spears".
620:, giving the weapon its name. Even so, plumbatae were much lighter than pila, and would not have had the armour penetration or shield transfixing capabilities of their earlier counterparts.
2166:
406:, and sacked Rome. After this defeat, the Romans undertook a comprehensive reform of their army and changed the basic tactical formation from the Greek-style phalanx armed with the
334:
killing just under half. This marked the first recorded occasion in ancient Greek military history in which a force entirely made up of peltasts had defeated a force of hoplites.
632:
The Gallic cavalry used to hurl several javelin volleys to soften the enemy before a frontal attack. The Gallic cavalry used their javelins in a tactic similar to that of
78:, which launch projectiles with the aid of a hand-held mechanism. However, devices do exist to assist the javelin thrower in achieving greater distances, such as
663:. In the late Republic various auxiliary cavalry completely replaced the Italian cavalry contingents and the Hispanic auxiliary cavalry was considered the best.
1640:
Anglim, Simon et al., (2003), Fighting
Techniques of the Ancient World (3000 B.C. to 500 A.D.): Equipment, Combat Skills, and Tactics, Thomas Dunne Books.
1344:
1327:
1252:
1310:
198:
A strap or tasseled head was situated at the lower end of the javelin: it allowed the javelin thrower to recover his javelin after throwing it.
356:
Javelins were often used as an effective hunting weapon, the strap adding enough power to take down large game. Javelins were also used in the
1649:
Jorgensen, rister et al., (2006), Fighting
Techniques of the Early Modern World: Equipment, Combat Skills, and Tactics, Thomas Dunne Books.
403:
771:, were used as an offensive weapon from behind the shield wall or by warriors who left the protective formation and attacked the enemy as
2395:
600:
had small hand-guards, to protect the wielder if he intended to use it as a melee weapon, but it does not appear that this was common.
549:
proved their worth and were no doubt critical in helping to herd
Hannibal's war elephants through the formation to be slaughtered. The
2390:
1643:
Bennett, Matthew et al., (2005), Fighting
Techniques of the Medieval World: Equipment, Combat Skills and Tactics, Thomas Dunne Books.
533:
typically drew near the enemy, hurled javelins against their formation, and then retreated behind the legion's heavier infantry. The
825:
490:
to have a range of about 30 metres (98.4 ft), although the effective range is only 15 and 20 metres (49.2 and 65.6 ft).
1682:
Picture of a Thracian Peltast with one javelin in his throwing hand and four javelins in his Pelte hand as additional ammunition
1681:
290:
A depiction of a javelin thrower on an ancient Greek vase, ca. 450 BC. Attributed to the painter of the Brussels Oinochoes.
364:. They were hurled in a certain direction and whoever hurled it the farthest, as long as it hit tip-first, won that game.
987:. It had the property of always finding its mark ("the spear never stopped in its thrust"). During the final conflict of
1708:
1522:
1464:
233:. An important part in battles is often assigned to javelin-men, "whose weapons seem to inflict death at every blow".
1597:
1552:
1431:
1397:
313:, in order to break their lines so that their own army's hoplites could destroy the weakened enemy formation. In the
189:. It was lighter in weight than that used by other nations. He describes the Ancient Egyptian javelin's features:
967:
In Norse mythology, Odin, the chief god, carried a javelin or spear called Gungnir. It was created by a group of
1214:
503:
From the third century BC, the Roman legion added a skirmisher type of soldier to its tactical formation. The
2158:
586:, with one sometimes being lighter than the other. Standard tactics called for a Roman soldier to throw his
553:
would slowly have been either disbanded or re-equipped as more-heavily armed legionaries from the time when
1027:, in his ritual quest for knowledge but in neither case is the weapon referred to specifically as Gungnir.
481:
usually weighed between 0.9 and 2.3 kilograms (2.0 and 5.1 lb), with the versions produced during the
1589:
608:
In the late Roman Empire, the Roman infantry came to use a differently-shaped javelin from the earlier
237:
2380:
2201:
186:
2385:
821:
692:
and competed with other young men in running." . The Numidian Cavalry served as mercenaries in the
306:
to increase stand-off power. The peltasts hurled their javelins at the enemy's heavier troops, the
28:
640:. The Gauls knew how to turn on horseback to throw javelins backwards while appearing to retreat.
243:
Beyond its military purpose, the javelin was likely also a hunting instrument, for food and sport.
148:
projectile wound, dated to 500,000 years ago, was revealed in a gravel quarry in the village of
143:
dating indicates that the weapons are about 400,000 years old. The excavated items were made of
1701:
914:
there is a shield and two javelins, which symbolize the protection from the country's enemies.
209:
Javelins were carried by Egyptian light infantry, as a main weapon, and as an alternative to a
262:
164:
Agrianian peltast. This peltast holds three javelins, one in his throwing hand and two in his
2400:
1544:
1360:
935:
842:
of Ireland used javelins as their main weapon as they accompanied the more heavily armoured
779:
javelin used by Anglo-Saxon warriors was an effective means of disabling an opponent or his
2375:
2206:
1901:
1661:
Bothwell Gosse, A. (1915), The Civilization of the Ancient Egyptians, T.C. & E.C. Jack.
8:
1236:
748:
2127:
1042:
extracted an oath from all things in nature not to harm him. However, she neglected the
345:, who gradually replaced the peltasts, carried javelins in addition to a long thrusting
2339:
1197:
314:
165:
1499:
1443:
2370:
1891:
1766:
1694:
1672:
1593:
1548:
1518:
1460:
1427:
1423:
1393:
943:
693:
660:
361:
310:
132:
1225:
1215:
Punctured Horse Shoulder Blade | The Smithsonian Institution's Human Origins Program
1201:
1007:
494:
were sometimes referred to as "javelins", but the archaic term for the javelin was "
2329:
2252:
1931:
1189:
1155:
1150:
1130:
899:
701:
680:
676:
357:
230:
182:
116:
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2283:
1886:
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947:
24:
1046:, thinking it was too young to make, let alone respect, such a solemn vow. When
521:), small round shields, and several small javelins. These javelins were called "
206:
and the battle-axe – when they grew older, before entering a specific regiment.
2344:
2082:
1971:
1866:
1051:
972:
838:
617:
579:
542:
391:
128:
97:
67:
42:
2188:
1646:
Connolly, Peter, (2006), Greece and Rome at War, Greenhill Books, 2nd edition.
1512:
1193:
590:(both if there was time) at the enemy just before charging to engage with his
286:
152:, England. Studies suggested that the wound was probably caused by a javelin.
2364:
2349:
2304:
2227:
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2012:
1896:
1881:
1846:
1836:
1751:
1746:
1095:
968:
689:
637:
538:
408:
222:
210:
79:
71:
63:
62:. Today, the javelin is predominantly used for sporting purposes such as the
59:
20:
136:
46:
Javelin thrower. Bronze, Laconian style, third quarter of the 6th century BC
2319:
2067:
2057:
1911:
1861:
1796:
1776:
1482:"Gli obblighi militari nel marchesato di Monferrato ai tempi di Teodoro II"
1110:
1067:
861:
813:
633:
554:
482:
474:
418:
338:
140:
2122:
2037:
1871:
1771:
1584:
980:
923:
817:
752:
455:
were rearmed with short swords and heavy javelins. Each soldier from the
387:
350:
299:
938:
in which a short stabbing spear, with a long, swordlike spearhead named
250:
2334:
2273:
2107:
2027:
1986:
1981:
1961:
1941:
1761:
1756:
1539:
1140:
1125:
1024:
867:
844:
792:
772:
756:
342:
322:
101:
2137:
688:, the Numidian king "...took part in the national pursuits of riding,
2288:
2247:
2232:
2062:
2052:
1921:
1876:
1831:
1816:
1731:
1515:
Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation
1055:
1043:
1020:
728:
672:
575:
429:
1481:
996:
775:. Designed to be difficult to remove from either flesh or wood, the
712:
135:. Seven spear-like objects were found in a coal mine in the city of
89:
A warrior or soldier armed primarily with one or more javelins is a
2314:
2278:
2268:
2237:
2222:
2132:
2097:
2077:
2072:
1956:
1821:
1806:
1786:
1781:
1741:
1513:
Joseph R. Svinth; Thomas A. Green; Stanley Henning (11 June 2010).
1135:
1105:
1035:
988:
911:
895:
697:
685:
655:
613:
149:
75:
2047:
2042:
2022:
1966:
1926:
1916:
1906:
1826:
1791:
1717:
1120:
1090:
1058:, the blind god, into hurling it at Baldr and causing his death.
951:
927:
800:
650:
592:
560:
511:
505:
496:
435:
423:
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330:
307:
303:
295:
226:
203:
83:
1652:
Saunders, J. J., (1972), A History of Medieval Islam, Routledge.
992:
572:
was a short-range weapon, with a simply made head of soft iron.
2117:
2112:
2032:
2017:
1991:
1976:
1951:
1936:
1811:
1736:
1000:
906:
780:
326:
318:
218:
144:
942:, had become the Zulu warrior's main weapon and was used as a
783:, thus having the potential to disrupt opposing shield-walls.
19:
This article is about the object. For the athletic event, see
2242:
2142:
2102:
2087:
2007:
1946:
1856:
1100:
1085:
1080:
1039:
1031:
1015:
1011:
976:
939:
931:
888:
857:
776:
768:
764:
760:
612:. This javelin was lighter and had a greater range. Called a
609:
517:
465:
399:
373:
346:
214:
160:
55:
1658:
Rawlinson, G., (1882), History of Ancient Egypt, E. Cassino.
883:
870:'s anti-pirate army included javelin throwers with shields.
820:, used the javelin as one of their main weapons. During the
2147:
1801:
1686:
1179:
1160:
1047:
930:
javelin as their primary weapon. The Zulu legendary leader
860:
have used javelins, such as the iron-headed javelin of the
463:
lines carried two javelins. This heavy javelin, known as a
383:
34:
2189:
Ancient mechanical artillery and hand-held missile weapons
66:. The javelin is nearly always thrown by hand, unlike the
1145:
984:
185:
depicts the javelin as an offensive weapon used by the
1269:"Ancient Egyptian History for Kids: Army and Soldiers"
648:
The Hispanic cavalry was a light cavalry armed with
127:There is archaeological evidence that javelins and
58:designed primarily to be thrown, historically as a
402:invaded Italy, inflicted a crushing defeat on the
537:were considered highly effective in turning back
509:were light infantry armed with short swords (the
236:Multiple javelins were also sometimes carried by
16:Type of light spear designed to be thrown by hand
2362:
302:, were armed with several javelins, often with
1050:learned of this weakness, he had a javelin or
2174:
1702:
1361:"The Guide to the World of Ancient Egyptians"
421:to a more flexible three-line formation. The
131:were already in use by the last phase of the
378:
1486:Bollettino Storico- Bibliografico Subalpino
999:, Odin will use Gungnir to attack the wolf
2181:
2167:
1709:
1695:
1454:
1448:
1386:Tacitus, Cornelius and J.B. Rives (1999).
1070:is identified as a "god of the javelin".
1054:made from one of its branches and tricked
1342:
1325:
1308:
1295:The Civilization of the Ancient Egyptians
1250:
1479:
894:
882:
711:
696:and played a key role in assisting both
382:
285:
159:
41:
33:
1061:
2363:
1455:EchevarrĂa, JosĂ© MarĂa Moreno (1975).
1010:(and subsequent alliance) between the
804:infantrymen of the fifteenth century.
564:was a cheaper missile weapon than the
2162:
1690:
1582:Larrington, Carolyne, trans. (1999).
1291:
1226:The Prehistoric Society – Past No. 26
743:The Anglo-Saxon term for javelin was
1246:
1244:
1038:dreams of his own death, his mother
926:warriors used a long version of the
245:
221:. They also carried a curved sword,
115:probably originated from one of the
38:Man with a shield throwing a javelin
1298:. T.C. & E.C. Jack. p. 24.
717:pierced with javelins on the ground
582:and early empire often carried two
13:
1633:
1257:. S. E. Cassino. pp. 474–475.
962:
891:. Notice the long throwing assegai
856:Various kingdoms and dynasties in
325:took advantage of the fact that a
14:
2412:
2396:Ancient Roman legionary equipment
1666:
1537:Faulkes, Anthony, trans. (1995).
1241:
281:
2391:Ancient Greek military equipment
1480:Romanoni, Fabio (January 2020).
954:and Pilum tactical combination.
654:and several light javelins. The
545:in 202 BC, the javelin-throwing
249:
172:
155:
23:. For the American missile, see
1627:Faulkes (1995), pp. 48–49.
1621:
1612:
1603:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1531:
1506:
1492:
1473:
1437:
1420:Anglo-Saxon Weapons and Warfare
1412:
1403:
1380:
1371:
1353:
1336:
975:who also fashioned the ship of
738:
367:
329:hoplite phalanx operating near
240:, in a quiver and/or bow case.
1618:Larrington (1999), p. 34.
1319:
1302:
1285:
1261:
1230:
1219:
1208:
1173:
1003:before being devoured by him.
707:
603:
111:, which meant spear. The word
1:
1609:Underwood (1999), p. 26.
1444:The Thegns of Mercia: Weapons
1349:. S. E. Cassino. p. 469.
1332:. S. E. Cassino. p. 476.
1315:. S. E. Cassino. p. 462.
873:
767:. Javelins, including barbed
439:in the third line. While the
427:stood in the first line, the
168:hand as additional ammunition
122:
1716:
957:
755:and used heavy weapons like
751:, soldiers usually formed a
96:The word javelin comes from
7:
1573:Faulkes (1995), p. 54.
1564:Faulkes (1995), p. 97.
1418:Underwood, Richard (1999).
1392:. Oxford, Clarendon Press.
1292:Gosse, A. Bothwell (1915).
1182:Holz Als Roh- und Werkstoff
1073:
786:
433:in the second line and the
10:
2417:
2262:Crew-served stone-throwers
2216:Crew-served arrow-throwers
1343:Rawlinson, George (1882).
1326:Rawlinson, George (1882).
1309:Rawlinson, George (1882).
1251:Rawlinson, George (1882).
887:The only known drawing of
851:
831:
675:were indigenous tribes of
666:
371:
18:
2297:
2261:
2215:
2202:Greek and Roman artillery
2194:
2000:
1724:
1517:. ABC-CLIO. p. 115.
1459:. Rotativa (in Spanish).
1194:10.1007/s00107-004-0542-6
878:
643:
379:Republic and early empire
217:, generally along with a
187:Ancient Egyptian military
1673:Samnite and early Roman
1500:"A Chinese javelin head"
1346:History of Ancient Egypt
1329:History of Ancient Egypt
1312:History of Ancient Egypt
1254:History of Ancient Egypt
1167:
816:, particularly those of
807:
721:
179:History of Ancient Egypt
29:Javelin (disambiguation)
1590:Oxford World's Classics
1377:Connolly, 1998, p. 233.
983:and the golden hair of
917:
627:
1096:Atlatl (Spear-thrower)
902:
892:
718:
700:and Scipio during the
443:were still armed with
395:
291:
196:
169:
47:
39:
27:. For other uses, see
1237:World's Oldest Spears
898:
886:
731:word for javelin was
715:
404:Roman Republican army
386:
298:, usually serving as
289:
238:Egyptian war-chariots
191:
163:
45:
37:
2207:Torsion siege engine
1062:Lusitanian mythology
100:and it derives from
1409:Tacitus 1999, p. 40
1365:EgyptianDiamond.com
749:Anglo-Saxon warfare
181:: Volume 1 (1882),
2340:Repeating crossbow
1545:Everyman's Library
1543:. pp. 96–97.
1367:. 7 February 2017.
903:
893:
719:
396:
315:battle of Lechaeum
292:
261:. You can help by
170:
107:, a diminutive of
48:
40:
2358:
2357:
2298:Hand-held weapons
2156:
2155:
1767:Bohemian earspoon
1424:Tempus Publishing
1273:www.ducksters.com
826:English invasions
694:Carthaginian Army
661:Cantabrian circle
618:center of balance
362:Panhellenic games
279:
278:
133:Lower Paleolithic
2408:
2381:Throwing weapons
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2169:
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2128:Torimono sandĹŤgu
1932:Scottish halberd
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1156:Two flue harpoon
1151:Toggling harpoon
1131:One flue harpoon
936:military reforms
900:Flag of Eswatini
702:Second Punic War
690:javelin throwing
681:Numidian cavalry
677:northwest Africa
358:Ancient Olympics
274:
271:
253:
246:
183:George Rawlinson
117:Celtic languages
2416:
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2386:Ancient weapons
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2310:Cheiroballistra
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1996:
1902:Plançon à picot
1887:Ox tongue spear
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257:This section
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141:Stratigraphic
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64:javelin throw
61:
60:ranged weapon
57:
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44:
36:
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26:
22:
21:javelin throw
2401:Roman spears
2324:
2320:Gastraphetes
1912:Quarterstaff
1862:Lochaber axe
1841:
1777:Brogit staff
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1276:. Retrieved
1272:
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1111:Ger (weapon)
1068:Runesocesius
1065:
1029:
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991:between the
966:
944:mêlée weapon
921:
904:
866:
862:Qing dynasty
855:
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837:
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739:Anglo-Saxons
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583:
578:of the late
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555:Gaius Marius
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525:" (singular
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419:round shield
413:
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368:Ancient Rome
355:
339:thureophoroi
336:
293:
267:
263:adding to it
258:
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178:
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126:
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108:
104:
95:
90:
88:
51:
49:
2376:Projectiles
2038:Fangtian ji
1872:Man catcher
1772:Brandistock
1585:Poetic Edda
1006:During the
981:Skidbladnir
818:North Wales
773:skirmishers
757:Danish axes
753:shield wall
708:Middle ages
604:Late Empire
576:Legionaries
392:post-Marian
351:short sword
300:skirmishers
139:, Germany.
54:is a light
2365:Categories
2335:Mesangylon
2274:Lithobolos
2108:Sodegarami
2028:Dagger-axe
1987:Welsh hook
1982:War scythe
1962:Swordstaff
1942:Sparth axe
1762:Boar spear
1757:Bear spear
1278:2024-02-22
1141:Soliferrum
1126:Mesangylon
1025:World Tree
934:initiated
874:Modern age
868:Qi Jiguang
845:galloglass
824:and later
793:Almogavars
360:and other
343:thorakitai
323:Iphicrates
270:March 2009
137:Schöningen
123:Prehistory
102:Old French
91:javelineer
2289:Trebuchet
2248:Polybolos
2233:Catapulta
2063:Kama-yari
2053:Hoko yari
1922:Rhomphaia
1877:Menaulion
1832:Half pike
1817:Goedendag
1732:Ahlspiess
1044:mistletoe
1036:prophetic
1021:Yggdrasil
958:Mythology
729:Old Norse
673:Numidians
461:principes
453:principes
430:principes
2371:Javelins
2315:Crossbow
2279:Mangonel
2269:Catapult
2238:Oxybeles
2223:Ballista
2133:Trishula
2098:Sasumata
2078:Naginata
2073:Nagamaki
1957:Spontoon
1892:Partisan
1822:Guisarme
1807:Fauchard
1787:Dane axe
1782:Corseque
1742:Bardiche
1725:European
1718:Polearms
1389:Germania
1202:10774765
1136:Plumbata
1106:Falarica
1074:See also
1066:The god
989:Ragnarok
912:Eswatini
698:Hannibal
686:Jugurtha
656:Cantabri
651:falcatas
614:plumbata
580:republic
469:(plural
451:and the
321:general
319:Athenian
296:peltasts
150:Boxgrove
76:crossbow
2330:Kestros
2325:Javelin
2253:Scorpio
2138:TsukubĹŤ
2048:Guandao
2043:Gichang
2023:Bisento
1967:Trident
1927:Sarissa
1917:Ranseur
1907:Pollaxe
1842:Javelin
1827:Halberd
1792:Doloire
1121:Leister
1091:Assegai
979:called
969:dwarves
952:Gladius
928:assegai
907:African
852:Chinese
832:Ireland
801:Jinetes
667:Numidia
596:. Some
593:gladius
570:verutum
561:verutum
551:velites
547:velites
535:velites
531:velites
529:). The
527:verutum
512:gladius
506:velites
497:verutum
457:hastati
449:hastati
441:triarii
436:triarii
424:hastati
415:clipeus
331:Corinth
327:Spartan
311:phalanx
308:hoplite
231:sidearm
227:hatchet
204:archery
194:angles.
113:javelot
109:javelot
105:javelin
84:amentum
82:or the
52:javelin
2284:Onager
2118:Sumpit
2113:Sovnya
2033:Dangpa
2018:Barcha
1992:Xyston
1977:Voulge
1952:Spetum
1937:Sovnya
1852:Kontos
1812:Glaive
1737:Atgeir
1596:
1551:
1521:
1463:
1430:
1396:
1200:
1023:, the
1001:Fenrir
997:giants
948:Scutum
879:Africa
822:Norman
787:Iberia
781:shield
769:angons
765:spears
761:swords
745:france
733:frakka
679:. The
644:Iberia
568:. The
523:veruta
483:empire
447:, the
445:hastae
349:and a
317:, the
219:shield
74:, and
2345:Sling
2243:Oyumi
2143:Woldo
2123:Tabar
2103:Sibat
2093:Qiang
2088:Podao
2008:Arbir
2001:Asian
1947:Spear
1857:Lance
1837:Hasta
1675:pilum
1198:S2CID
1168:Notes
1101:Cirit
1086:Angon
1081:Aklys
1040:Frigg
1032:Baldr
1016:Vanir
1012:Aesir
977:Freyr
940:iklwa
932:Shaka
905:Many
889:Shaka
858:China
814:Welsh
808:Wales
777:Angon
747:. In
722:Norse
610:pilum
588:pilum
566:pilum
518:pugio
479:pilum
466:pilum
409:hasta
400:Gauls
394:pilum
390:of a
374:Pilum
347:spear
229:as a
225:, or
215:spear
166:pelte
68:sling
56:spear
2148:Yari
2083:Ngao
2068:Kudi
1897:Pike
1802:Falx
1797:Dory
1752:Bill
1594:ISBN
1549:ISBN
1540:Edda
1519:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1161:Yari
1052:dart
1048:Loki
1014:and
995:and
993:gods
924:Zulu
922:The
918:Zulu
839:kern
836:The
812:The
799:The
791:The
763:and
671:The
628:Gaul
598:pila
584:pila
492:Pila
488:pila
477:. A
475:tang
471:pila
459:and
341:and
337:The
294:The
223:club
2305:Bow
1190:doi
1146:Vel
1056:Hod
1008:war
985:Sif
515:or
500:".
265:.
213:or
211:bow
177:In
72:bow
2367::
2058:Ji
1592:.
1547:.
1484:.
1426:.
1422:.
1363:.
1271:.
1243:^
1196:.
1186:63
1184:.
950:,
864:.
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