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189:, a large number of beads have been found in jars. These are most likely offerings to the deceased, in the same way that tombs have gifts in them. The presence of these beads and other offerings gives great insight into the lifestyle of the people. By studying the materials and methods the beads were made of, researchers have been able to link various cultures together based on their likely trade operations—how they obtained exotic beads beyond what was typical of their own culture.
123:
slow change, a passage from the visible society of the living to the invisible one of the dead. During the period of decomposition, the corpse is sometimes treated as if it were alive, provided with food and drink, and surrounded by company. For example, some groups on the island of Borneo attach mystical importance to the disintegration of the body, sometimes collecting and carefully disposing of the liquids produced by decomposition.
169:
were typical storage jars, and were commonly used for burials. They have vertical round-to-oval handles. Carvings on jars have also been found, sometimes depicting local divine beings of the time. This is thought to have assisted in the individual's passage to the afterlife. The carvings on jars are
147:
are performed on bodies that has already been buried. The allotted time between primary and secondary burials varies between cultures; however, an emphasis is placed on waiting until the body has decomposed, and thus whatever technique is carried out as "secondary" concerns only bones lacking flesh.
122:
Among many cultures, a period of waiting occurs between the first burial and a second burial which often coincides with the duration of decomposition. The origin of this practice is considered to be the different concepts of death held by these cultures. In such societies, death is held to involve a
156:
Types of jars and additional components vary between locations and cultures. Jars shapes can indicate the prestige or social level of the deceased; or it can simply be a commonplace jar. Funerary offerings are sometimes placed in or around the jars, revealing more information about the value people
140:
societies, the body also could be sat upright, and then the jar would be forced on top of the body. Egyptians also would place the body into the jar themselves, rather than pushing the jar downwards, but this would create a need for a lid. Lids were not always ceramic; some have been found to be as
466:
within the site. Certain areas of the site had multiple burials clumped together, with the most recent burials closer to the surface, and the oldest lying deeper underneath. These clumps all faced each other, so when the site was opened again to bury someone new, all of the clumps were 'connected'
363:
dating, researchers were able to indicate that this specific site was only an active burial site for about 15 years. In addition to human remains, they were able to genetically identify animal bones (pigs, dogs). These findings were deduced to have been placed with the grave as offerings. The jars
514:
Palestinian jar burials were done as "subfloor burials", meaning they were buried under the floor in rooms of the house. The areas chosen were mostly high traffic areas where household tasks were performed, thus connecting them with the main parts of everyday life. Occasional materials have been
675:
Upon extensive testing, studies have shown that individuals buried in jars had different diets than other inhabitants of
Thailand. This suggests a different social status of those buried in jars, or that those individuals were immigrants and brought that practice with them to Thailand.
136:, the dead body would be bound tightly to fit into the desired jar. This was believed to be originally intended for infants and small children, but evolved to include larger categories of adults. Adult burial, however, required much larger jars, deeper graves, and more manpower. In
1497:
King, Charlotte L.; Bentley, R. Alexander; Tayles, Nancy; ViĂ°arsdĂłttir, Una Strand; Nowell, Geoff; Macpherson, Colin G. (2013). "Moving peoples, changing diets: isotopic differences highlight migration and subsistence changes in the Upper Mun River Valley, Thailand".
299:
131:
The custom of jar burial was employed by peoples who chose this practice for primary or secondary burial. Primary burial refers to the acts performed on the body immediately after death. In some cases, primary jar burial was more difficult to carry out. In
448:
In Iran, no items accompany the burials, and there are no indications of offerings. However, this area is dictated by tropical conditions which resulted in frequent and repeated flooding, resulting in sites and artifacts that were not well preserved.
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and thus more inviting to the person about to be buried. Within clumps, most have offerings in or around the graves. The offerings and intricate site planning indicate significant care was put into the disposal of the dead.
1223:
119:(bronze or iron tools and weapons; bronze, silver, or gold ornaments; wood, stone, clay, glass, paste) in or around burials, and social structures represented in the location and method of jar placement.
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jar burial was noted to have been practiced for a short period of time. The vessels used to bury individuals in did not always happen to be jars; they ranged from pots to goblets, and had pins and
223:
47:
Jar burial can be traced to various regions across the globe. It was practiced as early as 4500 BCE, and as recently as the 15th–17th centuries CE. Areas of jar burial excavations include
752:
1064:"Radiocarbon Dates from Jar and Coffin Burials of the Cardamom Mountains Reveal a Unique Mortuary Ritual in Cambodia's Late- to Post-Angkor Period (15th–17th Centuries AD)"
185:
Many jar burial sites are accompanied by more than just the skeletons and jars. Beads, swords, mirrors, and other animal bones have been found in and around jars. In the
1190:
Bulbeck, David (2017). "Traditions of Jars as
Mortuary Containers in the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago". In Piper, Philip J.; Matsumara, Hirofumi; Bulbeck, David (eds.).
36:
is a human burial custom where the corpse is placed into a large earthenware container and then interred. Jar burials are a repeated pattern at a site or within an
111:. These different locations had different methods, accoutrements, and rationales behind their jar burial practices. Cultural practices included primary versus
1533:"Description of jar burial practice at the Teouma Lapita cemetery (Efate, Vanuatu) and preliminary comparisons with Southeast Asia jar burial traditions".
210:
203:
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1324:
Mizoguchi, Koji (September 2014). "The centre of their life-world: the archaeology of experience at the Middle Yayoi cemetery of
Tateiwa-Hotta, Japan".
1700:
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Alan Ogden & Holger
Schutkowski (2013) Human Remains from Middle Bronze Age Burials at Sidon, Lebanon: the 2001 Season, Levant, 36:1, 159–166,
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428:
259:
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Beavan, Nancy; Halcrow, Sian; McFadgen, Bruce; Hamilton, Derek; Buckley, Brendan; Sokha, Tep; Shewan, Louise; Sokha, Ouk; Fallon, Stewart (2012).
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https://www.academia.edu/1305784/Enterramientos_en_pithoi_del_Proximo_Oriente_Siria_L%C3%ADbano_Israel_3500_2000_AC_?email_work_card=view-paper
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not standardized, meaning there is no particular pattern of a certain carving on multiple jars. Most carvings have been observed in Egypt.
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Among the sites discovered in
Lebanon, jar burials were particularly reserved for infants. It is rare to find an adult buried in a jar.
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2697:
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Burial jars in
Vietnam are mostly from Austronesian sites in southern and central Vietnam. The most notable are burial jars from the
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fragments in the jars. It is unclear whether those are shards of other broken jars or if they were placed in the jars as offerings.
1413:
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jar burial, glass beads were laid to rest within the jars along with the body. Jar burial was used as a means of secondary burial.
973:
Mizoguchi, Koji (June 2005). "Genealogy in the ground: observations of jar burials of the Yayoi period, northern Kyushu, Japan".
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simple as a rock or another jar. It seems the preference of how the body was placed did not have any particular significance.
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1693:
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Jar burial was practiced in Japan for about 600 years. Sites here show intricate planning of burial sites that reflects a
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found with the bodies (such as shells), but there is no evidence that these were placed with the bodies as offerings.
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389:(the shape was not indicative of any external meaning). Some jars have inscriptions on the outside resembling common
266:
1123:"Radiocarbon Dates from the Highland Jar and Coffin Burial Site of Phnom Khnang Peung, Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia"
560:. Jars were usually made from clay or carved stone and placed in caves. The oldest dated jar fragments are from the
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1686:
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Mederos Martin, Alfredo, 'Enterramientos en pithoi del
Proximo Oriente: Siria, LĂbano, Israel (3500–2000 AC)'
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1914:
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Mochlos IIC : period IV, the
Mycenaean settlement and cemetery : the human remains and other finds
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1740:
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2017:
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PogrebalĘąnye obriď¸ a︡dy narodov
ZakavkazĘąiď¸ a︡ : kuvshinnye pogrebeniiď¸ a︡ VIII v. do n.Ä—.-VIII v n.Ä—.
1470:
JAMIESON, Andrew S. (1998). "Ceramic
Vessels from the Middle Bronze Age Jar Burial F167 at Tell Ahmar".
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island. These have been dated to around the 13th to 17th centuries CE. The oldest intact example is the
3827:
3553:
3319:
3120:
1048:
903:
Birney, Kathleen; Doak, Brian R. (2011). "Funerary Iconography on an Infant Burial Jar from Ashkelon".
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1664:
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1951:
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In this type of jar burial, the bones (flesh removed) were cleaned and subsequently put in a jar.
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Farjamirad, M. (2016). "Funerary Objects From a Sasanian Burial Jar on the Bushehr Peninsula".
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Some jars are specifically manufactured for jar burials, due to the varying size of bodies and
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was carried out using the jar burial method. The only other additions of note were shards of
2643:
855:
Wood, W. H. (1910). "Jar-Burial Customs and the Question of Infant Sacrifice in Palestine".
21:
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435:. Most sites are found in eastern Indonesia, with the burials restricted to coastal areas.
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An Archaeology of Prehistoric Bodies and Embodied Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean
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777:"Glass Beads from 15th–17th CenturyCEJar Burial Sites in Cambodia's Cardamom Mountains"
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Funeral Practice of Transcaucasian Nations (The 8th B.C. – The 8th A.D. Jar Burials)
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Making an exit : from the magnificent to the macabre – how we dignify the dead
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Infant burials in Iran, often placed under houses; a similar custom exists around
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1019:. Soles, Jeffrey S.; Davaras, Kōstēs. Philadelphia: INSTAP Academic Press. 2011.
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specifically, a mass burial site with over 152 individuals was discovered. Using
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Soeroso (1997). "Recent discoveries of jar burial sites in South Sumatra".
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process, there is evidence of jar burial. They used hemispherical and bowl
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1600:. Vol. 4. In the collection Tr. Muzeia istorii Azerbaidzhana. Baku.
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1978:
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821:. Triantaphyllou, Sevi., Papadatos, Giannēs. Havertown: Oxbow Books.
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period of the Philippines, with archeological examples from northern
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Beavan, Nancy; Hamilton, Derek; Sokha, Tep; Sayle, Kerry (2015).
698:
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939:
De Beauclair, Inez (1972). "Jar Burial on Botel Tobago Island".
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New Perspectives in Southeast Asian and Pacific Prehistory
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2382:
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775:
Carter, A. K.; Dussubieux, L.; Beavan, N. (1 June 2016).
386:
44:
have been interred, it is not considered a "jar burial".
40:. When an anomalous burial is found in which a corpse or
1120:
568:, radiocarbon dated to around 1581 ± 34 BCE (1947–1753
774:
689:In Vanuatu, almost all jar burials were found with
1385:"2,000-year-old artifacts, cave found in Mindanao"
1274:
572:BCE). The most recent jar burial remains are from
528:The practice of jar burial was widespread in the
3919:
1598:Kul'tura kuvshinnykh pogrebenii v Azerbaidzhane
1437:Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient
1281:(1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press.
3561:
1694:
1566:Kuvshinnye pogrebeniia Azerbaidzhana i Gruzii
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
233:, Tamil Nadu (displayed in Folk Arts Museum,
1309:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
938:
1563:
320:Japanese burial jar cemetery in Yoshinogari
3568:
3554:
1708:
1701:
1687:
1618:
1610:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1587:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1535:HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology
1272:
1172:
902:
364:were identified as being obtained through
1595:
1323:
1273:Elizabeth), Murray, Sarah (Sarah (2011).
1097:
1087:
972:
328:
29:, Philippines, dated approximately 600 CE
1469:
1224:"Jar burial tradition in Southeast Asia"
229:A burial jar from the 1st century CE in
20:
1670:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1568:. 1. Izvestiia AN Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR.
1434:
1382:
1189:
177:sites available to different cultures.
3920:
1572:
1414:"SEAsia Prehistory told in jar burial"
1411:
1407:
1405:
1217:
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1213:
816:
3549:
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1777:
1682:
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770:
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764:
762:
760:
620:found with the bodies in some urns.
1402:
1210:
493:Burial jars have been found in the
393:worshipped by the Egyptian people.
368:trade or local ceramic production.
13:
14:
3944:
2825:Megalithic architectural elements
1500:Journal of Archaeological Science
1412:Nguyen, Thi Hau (December 2011).
959:
923:
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3444:Evolutionary origin of religion
1526:
1490:
1463:
1428:
1376:
1360:
1317:
1266:
1242:
1221:
1114:
411:Jar burials have been found on
209:Woman in a burial jar from the
3728:Liaoning bronze dagger culture
3575:
1055:
1009:
745:
407: 1st – 2nd millennium CE
1:
3057:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
2587:British megalith architecture
1629:] (in Russian). Tbilisi.
1383:Jacinto, Al (10 April 2008).
1089:10.2458/azu_js_rc.v54i1.15828
738:
667:
403:
160:
157:attributed to certain items.
3778:South-Western Iberian Bronze
3052:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
2592:Nordic megalith architecture
1575:AVbom kuvshinnykh pogrebenii
1472:Ancient Near Eastern Studies
381:In Egypt, prior to using an
267:Cát Tiên archaeological site
7:
1230:. Hanoi National University
716:
10:
3949:
3828:Wilburton-Wallington Phase
3200:British Isles and Brittany
3121:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
1619:Noneshvili, A. I. (1992).
1557:
1547:10.1016/j.jchb.2013.02.043
905:Israel Exploration Journal
192:
126:
25:Limestone burial urn from
16:Burial in a ceramic vessel
3905:
3836:
3713:Indus Valley Civilisation
3623:Armorican Tumulus culture
3593:
3583:
3402:
3215:
3042:
2889:
2885:
2868:
2754:
2718:
2567:
2524:
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1969:
1960:
1865:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1773:
1716:
1596:Golubkina, T. I. (1961).
1520:10.1016/j.jas.2012.11.013
1418:Vietnam Heritage Magazine
1372:10.1179/lev.2004.36.1.159
1338:10.1017/s0003598x00050729
987:10.1017/s0003598x00114115
671: last centuries BCE
525:1581 BCE – 1460 ± 180 CE
1564:Ivashchenko, M. (1947).
1484:10.2143/anes.35.0.525773
653:Typical to Austronesian
600:, dated to 890–710 BCE.
3928:Archaeological features
3673:Deverel–Rimbury culture
3432:Evolutionary musicology
2835:Oldest extant buildings
2762:Archaeological features
2281:Prepared-core technique
1449:10.3406/befeo.1997.3825
1262:10.2143/IA.51.0.3117837
1150:10.2458/azu_rc.57.18194
3394:Unchambered long cairn
3242:Mound Builders culture
2575:Neolithic architecture
1710:Prehistoric technology
1573:Kaziev, S. M. (1960).
1047:: CS1 maint: others (
580:, Romblon island, and
329:Geographical locations
38:archaeological culture
30:
3069:List of Stone Age art
2271:Microblade technology
2219:Langdale axe industry
1817:Ard / plough
817:Maria., Mina (2016).
24:
3743:Mumun pottery period
3476:Prehistoric medicine
3471:Prehistoric counting
3454:Prehistoric religion
3449:Paleolithic religion
3427:Behavioral modernity
2784:Causewayed enclosure
2676:Abri de la Madeleine
1800:Neolithic Revolution
1541:(2): 159–160. 2013.
655:Indigenous Taiwanese
265:Burial jar from the
249:Burial jar from the
3738:Minoan civilization
3668:Deer stones culture
3628:Atlantic Bronze Age
3608:Aegean civilization
3515:Prehistoric warfare
2261:Magdalenian culture
2224:Levallois technique
2155:Earliest toolmaking
1512:2013JArSc..40.1681K
1228:Museum Anthropology
1222:Lam, Thi My Dzung.
1142:2015Radcb..57...15B
1080:2012Radcb..54....1B
342:Cultural Specifics
285:(890–710 BCE) from
165:In ancient Greece,
3887:Leyla-Tepe culture
3844:and Transcaucasia)
3658:Chinese Bronze Age
3638:Bronze Age Britain
3466:Origin of language
3459:Spiritual drug use
3369:Rectangular dolmen
3271:Dartmoor kistvaens
3084:Carved stone balls
2796:Circular enclosure
2755:Other architecture
2698:Alp pile dwellings
2286:Solutrean industry
2197:Gravettian culture
1847:Secondary products
941:Asian Perspectives
857:The Biblical World
793:10.1111/arcm.12183
562:Dalan Serkot Caves
357:Cardamom Mountains
211:Jar-Burial culture
187:Cardamom Mountains
31:
3915:
3914:
3798:Terramare culture
3753:Nordic Bronze Age
3703:Hallstatt culture
3648:Canegrate culture
3643:Bronze Age Europe
3613:Andronovo culture
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3488:Prehistoric music
3437:music archaeology
3094:Cup and ring mark
2919:Clothing/textiles
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2306:Yubetsu technique
2291:Striking platform
2256:Lithic technology
2141:
2140:
2126:Game drive system
2045:Projectile points
1937:Mortar and pestle
714:
713:
459:300 BCE – 300 CE
145:Secondary burials
3940:
3845:
3818:Urnfield culture
3783:Srubnaya culture
3748:Mycenaean Greece
3733:Lusatian culture
3683:Ewart Park Phase
3663:Cycladic culture
3653:Catacomb culture
3618:Apennine culture
3603:Abashevo culture
3570:
3563:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3503:Divje Babe flute
3410:Archaeoastronomy
3153:Petrosomatoglyph
2887:
2886:
2870:
2869:
2719:Water management
2522:
2521:
2509:
2508:
2412:Denticulate tool
2234:Lithic reduction
1967:
1966:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1774:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1592:
1586:
1578:
1569:
1551:
1550:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1506:(4): 1681–1688.
1494:
1488:
1487:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1380:
1374:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1332:(341): 836–850.
1321:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1300:
1280:
1270:
1264:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1219:
1208:
1207:
1187:
1170:
1169:
1127:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1091:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1038:
1013:
1007:
1006:
981:(304): 316–326.
970:
957:
956:
936:
921:
920:
900:
889:
888:
852:
841:
840:
814:
805:
804:
772:
755:
749:
708:Sa Huỳnh culture
672:
669:
630:1800 – 1750 BCE
614:Secondary burial
464:social hierarchy
408:
405:
333:
332:
317:
302:
278:
262:
251:Sa Huỳnh culture
246:
226:
206:
134:Cretan societies
117:burial offerings
113:secondary burial
42:cremated remains
3948:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3937:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3901:
3897:Khojaly–Gadabay
3867:Shulaveri-Shomu
3843:
3842:(North Caucasus
3841:
3840:
3832:
3813:Únětice culture
3808:Tumulus culture
3723:Karasuk culture
3708:Helladic period
3698:Argaric culture
3693:Glazkov culture
3589:
3579:
3574:
3544:
3531:
3398:
3384:Stone box grave
3354:Megalithic tomb
3259:Cotswold-Severn
3211:
3116:Guardian stones
3044:Prehistoric art
3038:
2881:
2856:
2845:Timber trackway
2750:
2714:
2710:Wattle and daub
2563:
2542:Standing stones
2516:
2495:
2310:
2137:
2114:
2039:
1956:
1866:Food processing
1861:
1810:New World crops
1782:
1769:
1712:
1707:
1669:
1660:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1603:
1602:
1580:
1579:
1560:
1555:
1554:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1495:
1491:
1468:
1464:
1433:
1429:
1410:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1389:GMA News Online
1381:
1377:
1365:
1361:
1322:
1318:
1302:
1301:
1289:
1271:
1267:
1250:Iranica Antiqua
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1211:
1204:
1188:
1173:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1060:
1056:
1040:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1014:
1010:
971:
960:
937:
924:
901:
892:
853:
844:
829:
815:
808:
773:
758:
750:
746:
741:
733:Hanging coffins
719:
670:
406:
331:
326:
325:
324:
321:
318:
309:
303:
294:
279:
270:
263:
254:
247:
238:
227:
218:
207:
195:
183:
163:
154:
129:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3946:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3913:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3882:Maykop culture
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3848:
3846:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3823:Wessex culture
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3758:Okunev culture
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3493:Alligator drum
3485:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3429:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3420:lunar calendar
3417:
3406:
3404:
3403:Other cultural
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3207:Venus figurine
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3138:Megalithic art
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3096:
3091:
3089:Cave paintings
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2891:Material goods
2883:
2882:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2607:Cliff dwelling
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2192:Fire hardening
2189:
2184:
2182:Clovis culture
2179:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2105:Manis Mastodon
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1984:throwing stick
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1796:
1794:
1784:
1783:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1635:
1616:
1593:
1570:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1525:
1489:
1462:
1427:
1401:
1375:
1359:
1316:
1288:978-0312533021
1287:
1265:
1241:
1209:
1203:978-1760460952
1202:
1171:
1113:
1054:
1026:978-1931534604
1025:
1008:
958:
947:(2): 167–176.
922:
890:
869:10.1086/474370
863:(3): 166–175.
842:
828:978-1785702914
827:
806:
787:(3): 401–412.
756:
743:
742:
740:
737:
736:
735:
730:
725:
718:
715:
712:
711:
704:
701:
695:
694:
687:
684:
678:
677:
673:
665:
659:
658:
651:
648:
642:
641:
638:cylinder seals
631:
628:
622:
621:
611:
610:700 – 1500 CE
608:
602:
601:
566:Cagayan Valley
530:Late Neolithic
526:
523:
517:
516:
512:
509:
503:
502:
491:
490:1150 – 300 BC
488:
482:
481:
478:
475:
469:
468:
460:
457:
451:
450:
446:
443:
437:
436:
429:Salayar Island
409:
401:
395:
394:
379:
376:
370:
369:
353:
350:
344:
343:
340:
337:
330:
327:
323:
322:
319:
312:
310:
304:
297:
295:
280:
273:
271:
264:
257:
255:
248:
241:
239:
228:
221:
219:
208:
201:
198:
197:
196:
194:
191:
182:
179:
162:
159:
153:
150:
128:
125:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3945:
3934:
3933:Death customs
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3788:Tagar culture
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:Samus culture
3771:
3769:
3768:Penard Period
3766:
3764:
3763:Ordos culture
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:Ezero culture
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3566:
3564:
3559:
3557:
3552:
3551:
3548:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3379:Simple dolmen
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Passage grave
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3310:Gallery grave
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3225:Burial mounds
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Statue menhir
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3173:Stone carving
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:Sewing needle
3010:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:Timber circle
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2790:
2789:Tor enclosure
2787:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2777:fulacht fiadh
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
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2016:
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2013:spear-thrower
2011:
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2004:
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1994:
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1991:Bow and arrow
1989:
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1900:Grinding slab
1898:
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1833:
1832:Domestication
1830:
1828:
1827:Digging stick
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Founder crops
1803:
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1801:
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1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
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1746:New Stone Age
1744:
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1205:
1199:
1196:. ANU Press.
1195:
1194:
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992:
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976:
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965:
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954:
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946:
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931:
929:
927:
918:
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906:
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895:
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882:
878:
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870:
866:
862:
858:
851:
849:
847:
838:
834:
830:
824:
820:
813:
811:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
754:
748:
744:
734:
731:
729:
728:Plain of Jars
726:
724:
721:
720:
709:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
692:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
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632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
619:
615:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
595:
594:Manunggul Jar
591:
587:
583:
582:Balisong Cave
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
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341:
338:
335:
334:
316:
311:
308:
301:
296:
293:, Philippines
292:
288:
284:
283:Manunggul Jar
277:
272:
268:
261:
256:
252:
245:
240:
236:
232:
225:
220:
216:
212:
205:
200:
199:
190:
188:
181:Accoutrements
178:
176:
171:
168:
158:
152:Jar additions
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
124:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
19:
3587:Chalcolithic
3331:
3320:wedge-shaped
3305:Funeral pyre
3298:Great dolmen
3254:Chamber tomb
3235:Round barrow
3190:Stone circle
3062:Blombos Cave
2990:Grooved ware
2914:Chalcolithic
2818:Thornborough
2736:Flush toilet
2671:Blombos Cave
2666:Rock shelter
2622:Quiggly hole
2514:Architecture
2489:illustration
2131:Buffalo jump
1952:Storage pits
1915:Aşıklı Höyük
1905:Ground stone
1741:Subdivisions
1626:
1621:
1597:
1574:
1565:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1421:
1417:
1392:. Retrieved
1388:
1378:
1362:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1276:
1268:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1232:. Retrieved
1227:
1192:
1136:(1): 15–31.
1133:
1129:
1116:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1016:
1011:
978:
974:
944:
940:
911:(1): 32–53.
908:
904:
860:
856:
818:
784:
781:Archaeometry
780:
747:
352:1395 – 1650
217:, Azerbaijan
184:
172:
164:
155:
143:
130:
121:
46:
33:
32:
18:
3862:Kura–Araxes
3793:Tarim Basin
3678:Elp culture
3342:unchambered
3337:Long barrow
3327:Grave goods
3283:Court cairn
3278:Clava cairn
3230:Bowl barrow
3168:Rock cupule
3111:Golden hats
3104:Hill figure
3005:Unstan ware
2985:Cord-marked
2850:Sweet Track
2772:Burnt mound
2693:Stilt house
2681:Sibudu Cave
2474:Tally stick
2442:Quern-stone
2427:Hammerstone
2417:Fire plough
2388:Pesse canoe
2346:Bannerstone
2316:Other tools
2229:Lithic core
2177:Aurignacian
2065:Bare Island
1947:Quern-stone
1661:|work=
1478:: 106–119.
1443:: 418–422.
1130:Radiocarbon
1074:(1): 1–22.
1068:Radiocarbon
723:Canopic jar
574:Banton Cave
521:Philippines
361:radiocarbon
231:Kalugumalai
215:Mingachevir
97:Philippines
3922:Categories
3892:Jar-Burial
3838:Bronze Age
3718:Late Jomon
3595:Bronze Age
3577:Bronze Age
3481:trepanning
3374:Ring cairn
3332:Jar burial
3315:transepted
3247:U.S. sites
3148:Petroglyph
3074:Bird stone
3032:wine press
2705:Stone roof
2688:Roundhouse
2580:long house
2557:Stonehenge
2525:Ceremonial
2469:Stone tool
2296:Tool stone
2266:Metallurgy
2170:Mousterian
2147:Toolmaking
2085:Cumberland
2058:Transverse
2028:Schöningen
1920:Qesem cave
1888:Earth oven
1842:Irrigation
1753:Technology
1721:Prehistory
1636:5520010285
1099:1885/52455
739:References
598:Tabon Cave
538:Marinduque
495:Niah Caves
287:Tabon Cave
269:of Vietnam
253:of Vietnam
235:Courtallam
161:Decoration
34:Jar burial
3803:Trzciniec
3525:symbolism
3389:Tor cairn
3347:Grønsalen
3288:Cremation
3180:Sculpture
3158:Pictogram
3143:Petroform
2963:amber use
2931:Cosmetics
2741:Reservoir
2726:Check dam
2656:Pueblitos
2651:Pit-house
2634:Longhouse
2568:Dwellings
2437:Microlith
2368:Bow drill
2363:Bone tool
2356:prismatic
2165:Acheulean
2080:Cresswell
2053:Arrowhead
1979:Boomerang
1895:Granaries
1857:Terracing
1736:Stone Age
1663:ignored (
1653:cite book
1606:cite book
1583:cite book
1354:162991667
1346:0003-598X
1326:Antiquity
1305:cite book
1297:707969689
1256:301–311.
1166:129583294
1158:0033-8222
1108:0033-8222
1043:cite book
1035:852160173
1003:162849014
995:0003-598X
975:Antiquity
885:145336716
837:960760548
801:1475-4754
596:from the
554:Sarangani
552:, and in
507:Palestine
399:Indonesia
383:embalming
336:Location
307:Palestine
61:Palestine
53:Indonesia
3909:Iron Age
3877:Trialeti
3872:Colchian
3163:Rock art
3126:painting
3099:Geoglyph
2924:timeline
2904:Beadwork
2644:Mehrgarh
2639:Mudbrick
2547:megalith
2422:Fire-saw
2244:debitage
2239:analysis
2207:Hand axe
2187:Cupstone
1765:Glossary
1726:Timeline
1645:31412301
1457:43731472
953:42927787
917:23214220
717:See also
663:Thailand
640:inside.
558:Mindanao
546:Sorsogon
486:Malaysia
425:Sulawesi
366:maritime
348:Cambodia
138:Egyptian
101:Thailand
93:Malaysia
73:Cambodia
27:Cotabato
3520:Symbols
3131:pigment
3017:Weaving
2980:Cardium
2975:Pottery
2970:Mirrors
2958:Jewelry
2899:Baskets
2879:culture
2731:Cistern
2537:Pyramid
2479:Weapons
2457:Scraper
2447:Racloir
2407:Cleaver
2395:Chopper
2301:Uniface
2212:Grooves
2202:Hafting
2160:Oldowan
2119:Systems
2070:Cascade
2033:woomera
2023:harpoon
1996:history
1962:Hunting
1942:Pottery
1883:Cooking
1792:Farming
1758:history
1731:Outline
1577:. Baku.
1558:Sources
1508:Bibcode
1394:21 June
1234:21 June
1138:Bibcode
1076:Bibcode
877:3141677
699:Vietnam
691:ceramic
682:Vanuatu
618:pottery
606:Sumatra
550:Palawan
542:Masbate
499:Sarawak
473:Lebanon
417:Sumatra
391:deities
355:In the
291:Palawan
193:Gallery
127:Methods
109:Vietnam
105:Vanuatu
85:Sumatra
57:Lebanon
3852:Kurgan
3498:flutes
3293:Dolmen
3217:Burial
3027:winery
3000:Linear
2830:Midden
2808:Cursus
2801:Goseck
2661:Pueblo
2612:Dugout
2597:Burdei
2276:Mining
2100:Lamoka
2095:Folsom
2075:Clovis
1932:Metate
1910:Hearth
1878:Basket
1852:Sickle
1643:
1633:
1455:
1352:
1344:
1295:
1285:
1200:
1164:
1156:
1106:
1033:
1023:
1001:
993:
951:
915:
883:
875:
835:
825:
799:
646:Taiwan
634:Syrian
578:Banton
431:, and
339:Dates
167:pithoi
107:, and
95:, the
65:Taiwan
3857:Koban
3415:sites
3359:Mummy
3079:Cairn
2995:JĹŤmon
2946:shoes
2941:Hides
2813:Henge
2767:Broch
2629:Jacal
2484:Wheel
2432:Knife
2378:Canoe
2373:Burin
2351:Blade
2249:flake
2110:Plano
2018:baton
2008:Spear
1974:Arrow
1927:Manos
1780:Tools
1625:[
1453:JSTOR
1424:(10).
1350:S2CID
1162:S2CID
1126:(PDF)
999:S2CID
949:JSTOR
913:JSTOR
881:S2CID
873:JSTOR
626:Syria
590:Panay
586:Pilar
534:Luzon
455:Japan
433:Sumba
374:Egypt
175:grave
89:Egypt
81:Syria
69:Japan
49:India
3633:BMAC
3508:gudi
3266:Cist
3195:list
3022:Wine
2951:Ă–tzi
2936:Glue
2909:Beds
2877:and
2875:Arts
2746:Well
2602:Cave
2532:Kiva
2462:side
2452:Rope
2400:tool
2334:bone
2324:Adze
2090:Eden
2003:Nets
1873:Fire
1837:Goad
1822:Celt
1672:link
1665:help
1641:OCLC
1631:ISBN
1612:link
1589:link
1396:2018
1342:ISSN
1311:link
1293:OCLC
1283:ISBN
1236:2018
1198:ISBN
1154:ISSN
1104:ISSN
1049:link
1031:OCLC
1021:ISBN
991:ISSN
833:OCLC
823:ISBN
797:ISSN
570:cal.
441:Iran
421:Bali
413:Java
387:urns
281:The
77:Iran
2617:Hut
2552:row
2383:Oar
2341:Axe
2329:Awl
1543:doi
1516:doi
1480:doi
1445:doi
1368:doi
1334:doi
1258:doi
1146:doi
1094:hdl
1084:doi
983:doi
865:doi
789:doi
584:in
576:in
564:in
556:in
497:of
213:of
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3585:↑
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1651:{{
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237:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
