25:
13614:
87:
14401:
16044:
1160:) words as identical and only distinguishable by a following particle, or phonetically contrastive and potentially phonemic based on how high a "high" tone actually is (see the Tertiary pitch subsection below). And the phonetic tones are never truly stable, but degrade toward the end of an utterance. This is especially noticeable in longer words, where the so-called "high" pitch tapers off toward the end. This tapering is especially exemplified by what is variously known as
199:
14583:, in Kansai, Shikoku, and parts of Hokuriku (the easternmost Western Japanese dialects), there is a more innovative system, structurally similar to a combination of these patterns. There are both high and low initial tone as well as the possibility of an accented mora. That is, unaccented nouns may have either a high or a low tone, and accented words have pitch accent in addition to this word tone. This system will be illustrated with the
15169:'get up'. In Kansai, verbs have high- and low-tone paradigms as nouns do. High-tone verbs are either unaccented or are accented on the penultimate mora. Low-tone verbs are either unaccented or accented on the final syllable, triggering a low tone on unaccented suffixes. In Kyoto, verbal tone varies irregularly with inflection, a situation not found in more conservative dialects, even more conservative Kansai-type dialects such as that of
904:), and such accent nucleus is based solely on the lexical accent nucleus of the free morpheme of that phrase (bound morphemes do not have lexical accent patterns, and whatever accent patterns they do have is dependent on those of the free morphemes they follow). However, the situation becomes complicated when it comes to compound nouns.
1662:
does not have an accent on the first mora, then it starts with a low pitch, which then rises to high over subsequent morae. This phrasal prosody is applied to individual words only when they are spoken in isolation. Within a phrase, each downstep triggers another drop in pitch, and this accounts for
420:
starts high, drops suddenly on the second mora, then levels out. The pitch may fall across both morae, or mostly on one or the other (depending on the sequence of sounds)โthat is, the first mora may end with a high falling pitch, or the second may begin with a (low) falling pitch, but the first mora
1653:
or does not. If it does, the pitch drops between the accented mora and the subsequent one; if it does not have a downstep, the pitch remains more or less constant throughout the length of the word: That is, the pitch is "flat" as
Japanese speakers describe it. The initial rise in the pitch of the
14450:
have nouns with both patterns: That is, they have tone differences in unaccented as well as accented words, and both downstep in some high-tone words and a high-tone accent in some low-tone words. In the neighboring areas of Tokyo-type and Keihan-type such as parts of Kyushu, northeastern Kanto,
11675:ใใ and ๆฅใ (the NHK dictionary only describes derived ๏ฝใใ verbs). The following are patterns for these two verbs which, respectively, are similar to those of ๅนณๆฟ monograde verbs and ่ตทไผ monograde verbs (the aforementioned monograde verbs ๅฑ
ใ and ๅฐใ, and ๆใใ, are mentioned here again for comparison).
3832:
When certain accentless nouns (ๅนณๆฟ), such as ๆฅ๏ผใฒ๏ผ, ไธ๏ผใใ๏ผ, ไธ๏ผใใ๏ผ, ๅฎถ๏ผใใก๏ผ, ไบบ๏ผใฒใจ๏ผ, ๆ๏ผใจใใ๏ผ, etc. are attributively modified by another accentless or ๅฐพ้ซ word and simultaneously followed by a particle or an auxiliary, the accent of the entire phrase may fall on the last mora of such nouns. Some examples
585:) or "accent locus" is another name for an accented mora, a mora that carries a high tone and is followed by a mora with a low tone. In other words, the precipitous drop in pitch occurs right at the boundary between the accent nucleus and the mora immediately after it. Unaccented words (of the
1207:
In slow and deliberate enunciation (for example, with a pause between elements), the "high" tone of the second element in these phrases could still be sufficiently "high," but in natural, often pauseless, speech, it could become as low as the "low" tone of the first element, since there is an
14080:, for example, would be pronounced , differently from either of the words above. In 2014, a study recording the electrical activity of the brain showed that native Japanese speakers mainly use context, rather than pitch accent information, to contrast between words that differ only in pitch.
14475:
unaccented nouns have a low tone until the final syllable, at which point the pitch rises. In accented nouns, however, the penultimate syllable of a phonological word has a high tone, which drops on the final syllable. (Kagoshima phonology is based on syllables, not on morae.) For example,
14435:. Most of these dialects have a more-or-less high tone in unaccented words (though first mora has low tone, and following morae have high tone); an accent takes the form of a downstep, after which the tone stays low. But some dialects, for example, dialects of northern Tohoku and eastern
828:. Free morphemes are nouns, adjectives and verbs, while bound morphemes are particles and auxiliaries. In the above utterance, the free morphemes are ๆฏ, ๆ็, ใใฆ, ็ถ, ็ฟ, and ๆดใ while the bound ones are ใ, ใ and ใพใ. The accent pattern of the entire utterance could be something like this:
14439:, typically have a more-or-less low tone in unaccented words; accented syllables have a high tone, with low tone on either side, rather like English stress accent. In any case, the downstep has phonological meaning and the syllable followed by downstep is said to be "accented".
2423:
For native suffixes derived from free words with more than 2 morae, or native and Sino-Japanese suffixes derived from free words with 2 morphemes (often spelt with 2 kanji), if the original free words are ๅนณๆฟ, ๅฐพ้ซ or ้ ญ้ซ, the first mora of the derived suffixes is often accented:
2741:
Group D: ใใใใใช (exclamatory)ใใใใใใใใใใใใใใ ใฎใใงใฏใใงใใใจใฆใใจใใใชใฉใใชใใใญใใใฎใฟใใพใงใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใปใใใใใ ใฃใฆใใฉใใใใฐใใใใชใใใใชใใฆใใใใใใใใ: This group also only affects ๅนณๆฟ nouns. When trailing a ่ตทไผ noun, ใใใใปใใใ and ใฐใใ in particular may, alternatively, make the particle's first mora accented:
3250:
As noted above, the particle ใฎ can remove accent from ๅฐพ้ซ nouns, and ไธญ้ซ nouns ending in a ็นๆฎๆ, resulting in a ๅนณๆฟ phrase. Once the resulting noun+ใฎ phrase becomes ๅนณๆฟ, when it is followed by another noun to form a fixed phrase, the second noun's accent often takes precedence:
1384:"NHK Pronouncing Accent Dictionary") always leave it unmarked. This is owing to how what is known as "initial lowering" is not universally applied in natural speech, thus making the tone of the first mora indefinite and dependent on the nature of the second mora:
1119:
The foregoing describes the actual pitch. In most guides, however, accent is presented with a two-pitch-level model. In this representation, each mora is either high (H) or low (L) in pitch, with the shift from high to low of an accented mora transcribed H๊L.
479:
If the word does not have an accent, the pitch rises from a low starting point on the first mora or two, and then levels out in the middle of the speaker's range, without ever reaching the high tone of an accented mora. In
Japanese this accent is named "flat"
15759:
the second mora may have a high tone and the first a low tone, this is just the rise in pitch, in an unaccented word or before a downstep, spread across the syllable, and does not depend on whether that syllable consists of one mora or two. Unaccented
14958:'head', are structurally similar to accented words in Tokyo, except that the pitch is uniformly high prior to the downstep, rather than rising as in Tokyo. As in Tokyo, the subsequent morae have low pitch. Unaccented high-tone words, such as
433:
If the accent is on a mora other than the first or the last, then the pitch has an initial rise from a low starting point, reaches a near-maximum at the accented mora, then drops suddenly on any following morae. This accent is referred to as
13631:
14991:
Low-tone accented words are pronounced with a low pitch on every mora but the accented one. They are like accented words in
Kagoshima, except that again there are many exceptions to the default placement of the accent. For example,
14075:
hร shi-ni "at the edge" does not. However, because the downstep occurs after the first mora of the accented syllable, a word with a final long accented syllable would contrast all three patterns even in isolation: an accentless word
572:
of the phrase, not lexical accent, and are larger in scope than the phonological word. That is, within the overall pitch-contour of the phrase there may be more than one phonological word, and thus potentially more than one accent.
15120:
There are regular correspondences between Tokyo-type and Keihan-type accents. The downstep on high-tone words in conservative Keihan accents generally occurs one syllable earlier than in the older Tokyo-type accent. For example,
15157:
in Osaka. If a word is unaccented and high-tone in Keihan dialects, it is also unaccented in Tokyo-type dialects. If a two-mora word has a low tone in Keihan dialects, it has a downstep on the first mora in Tokyo-type dialects.
980:, as a compound noun, is capable of carrying more than one accent nucleus. While still being a syntactic compound, its components might not be solidly "fused" together and still retain their own lexical accent nuclei. Whether
127:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
13595:
and only 7% of loanwords are unaccented. In general, most 1โ2 mora words are accented on the first mora, 3โ4 mora words are unaccented, and words of greater length are almost always accented on one of the last five morae.
2075:
Productive Sino-Japanese prefixes such as ไปฅ๏ผใ๏ผใๅ๏ผใใ๏ผใ่ฒด๏ผใ๏ผใ็พ๏ผใใ๏ผใๆ
๏ผใ๏ผใไป๏ผใใ๏ผใ่ซธ๏ผใใ๏ผใๅ
๏ผใใ๏ผใๅ๏ผใใ๏ผใๅฐ๏ผใใ๏ผใๅฝ๏ผใจใ๏ผใๅ๏ผใฉใ๏ผใๆ๏ผใผใ๏ผใๆฌ๏ผใปใ๏ผใไธก๏ผใใใ๏ผ often result in ้ ญ้ซ compounds: ใใ๊ใใ๏ผ่ซธๅ
๏ผใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๅไบบ๏ผใใจ๊ใใใ๏ผๅฝ็คพ๏ผใใฉ๊ใใใ๏ผๅๆ ก๏ผใใผ๊ใใใ๏ผๆๅฅณ๏ผใใผ๊ใใใค๏ผๆๆฅ๏ผ.
7075:
The following list for Tokyo accent is not shown in the NHKๆฅๆฌ่ช็บ้ณใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ, but slightly reworked from papers by Shiro Kori. A few patterns for missing particles and auxiliaries are inferred from the appendix ใขใฏใปใณใ to the
446:
If the word has an accent on the last mora, the pitch rises from a low start up to a high pitch on the last mora. Words with this accent are indistinguishable from accentless words unless followed by a particle such as
600:"special beats") cannot generally be accent nuclei. They historically arose through various processes that limited their occurrences and prominence in terms of accent-carrying capability. There are four types of them:
14559:(one-pattern) accent. Phonologically, it is the same as the absence of an accent (white areas on map), and is sometimes counted as such, as there can be no contrast between words based on accent. However, speakers of
1260:, the "mid" tone, in theory, should be considered phonemic, but it is now largely merged with the "high" tone as phonologists claim there are no perceptible differences in pitch pattern between a final-accented word (
14547:(small black area on map), there is a single accent: all phonological words have a low tone until the final syllable, at which point the pitch rises. That is, every word has the pitch pattern of Kagoshima
6268:
Group S: ใใจใใใใใจใใใจใฆใใจใใใชใใใญใใใฎใฟใใพใงใใใใใใใใใช (exclamatory)ใใใใใปใใใใใฉใใใใฐใใใใใใใใใใ. When trailing a ่ตทไผ noun, ใใใใปใใใ, ใฉใใ and ใฐใใ in particular may, alternatively, make the particle's first mora accented:
12608:
For regular compounds from 20-90 whose accented mora is ใใ
, and from 100-900 with ๅฐพ้ซ accent, if they additionally compound with a numeral or another compound, the 2nd component's accent takes precedence:
992:). The "compoundification" status of a compound noun is lexical, meaning that whether such compound noun is long or short, or simple or complex, is not relevant to whether it is "compoundified" or not. A
14467:
In western and southern Kyushu dialects (pink area on the map on the right), a high tone falls on a predictable syllable, depending only on whether the noun has an accent. This is termed a two-pattern (
13630:
1406:
In the (1) circumstances where initial lowering does not naturally happen in connected speech, it can still be artificially induced with the slow, deliberate enunciation of whatever word is of concern.
15104:
is the number of morae (up to a relatively small number), though not all of these actually occur. From the above table, there are three accent patterns for one-mora words, four (out of a theoretical 2
1130:
If the accent is on a mora other than the first, then the first mora is low, the following morae up to and including the accented one are high, and the rest are low: L-H๊, L-H๊L, L-H-H๊L, L-H-H-H๊L,
634:
The lengthening half of a long vowel (/R/, written in kana as ใ/ใข, ใ/ใค, ใ/ใฆ, ใ/ใจ, ใ/ใช or ใผ): arose through consonant losses (e.g.: /kakasaN/ > /kaRsaN/), vowel shifts or vowel assimilation during
5055:
verbs with ่ตทไผ accent, whose root contains more than 1 mora, the location of the accented mora could, alternatively, be shifted back by up to 2 morae, until it reaches an independent mora (่ช็ซๆ, see
3876:
When an accentless adverbial (ๅนณๆฟ) is followed by a particle or an auxiliary, the accent falls on the last mora of that adverbial (even if that adverbial already contains a particle to begin with).
2548:
For suffixes derived from free words with ไธญ้ซ accent, the tendency is to only keep the original accent of those free words, though some shifting may occur if the resulting compounds are very long:
15737:
De Boer, Elisabeth (2008). "The Origin of
Alternations in Initial Pitch in the Verbal Paradigms of the Central Japanese (Kyลto Type) Accent Systems". In Lubotsky; Schaeken; Wiedenhof (eds.).
12470:
For compounds from 100,000,000-1,000,000,000 (ใใกใใ๏ฝใใ
ใใใ), the accent is tentatively placed on the last mora of the first numeral, and if that mora is a ็นๆฎๆ, the accent is shifted backward.
2088:
and Sino-Japanese suffixes, the accent falls on the last ่ช็ซๆ of the nouns before them. This means that if the last mora is a ็นๆฎๆ, the accent must shift backward until it reaches a ่ช็ซๆ (see
1232:/final-accented) is to have a L-H pattern. This contrast is supported by phonetic analyses, which show that the contrast in frequency between the "low" and "high" tones in, for example, ่ฑ (
14948:). Not all patterns are found: In high-tone words, accent rarely falls on the last mora, and in low-tone words it cannot fall on the first. One-mora words are pronounced with long vowels.
12896:
Compounds formed from one or more numerals and a counter often obey certain rules. Counters can be categorized into five groups, and multiple subgroups, depending on the resulting accent:
13632:
15181:
Japanese pitch accent also varies in how it interacts with syllables and morae. Kagoshima is a purely syllabic dialect, while Osaka is moraic. For example, the low-tone unaccented noun
14517:, unaccented words are high tone; accent takes the form of a downstep after the second syllable, or after the first syllable of a disyllabic noun. However, the accents patterns of the
1248:/unaccented). Moreover, the "high" tone in final-accented words is phonetically higher than the "mid" tone in unaccented words. With respect to potential minimal pairs such as "edge"
4357:
Group M: ใใใ (case, conjunctive)ใใใใใใใใใใจ (quotative, parallel)ใใช (prohibitive)ใใซใใฎใใฏใใใใใใใใใใใใช (doubtful)ใใใญใใใใใใใใใใใ ใฎใใจใใใจใฆใใจใใใชใฉใใชใใใฎใงใปใใงใใฎใซใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใฉใใชใใฆใใใใใใใใใใใใฉใ
1410:
The following are illustrative examples of the indefinite pitch of the first mora. For monomoraic non-initial-accented words, the second mora is whatever particle that follows it.
1152:
Phonetically, although only the terms "high" and "low" are used, the "high" of an unaccented mora is not as high as an accented mora. Different analyses may treat final-accented (
15193:. In Tokyo, accent placement is constrained by the syllable, though the downstep occurs between the morae of that syllable. That is, a stressed syllable in Tokyo dialect, as in
12724:
For irregular compounds from 20-900 (in yellow cells in the table), the 1st component's accent takes precedence; if the 2nd component is ่ตทไผ, its accent is, alternatively, kept:
99:
12452:
For numerals from 1-9 (ใใก๏ฝใใ
ใใปใ), the accent is tentatively placed on the last mora, and if that mora is a ็นๆฎๆ, the accent is shifted backward. Exceptions include ใใ and ใช๊ใช.
14063:
hร shรญ "edge" are pronounced identically, starting low and rising to a high pitch. However, the difference becomes clear in context. With the simple addition of the particle
137:
15663:
Tamaoka, K.; Saito, N.; Kiyama, S.; Timmer, K.; Verdonschot, R. G. (2014). "Is pitch accent necessary for comprehension by native
Japanese speakers? An ERP investigation".
359:, is considered essential in jobs such as broadcasting. The current standards for pitch accent are presented in special accent dictionaries for native speakers such as the
13599:
The following chart gives some examples of minimal pairs of
Japanese words whose only differentiating feature is pitch accent. Phonemic pitch accent is indicated with the
1727:
The accent of nouns derived from verbs is generally based on the accent of the dictionary forms of those verbs. If the dictionary form is ๅนณๆฟ, the derived noun is also ๅนณๆฟ:
14404:
Pitch-accent systems of
Japanese. Blues: Tokyo type. Yellow-orange: KyotoโOsaka (Keihan) type. Pink: Two-pattern accent. White: No accent. Speckled areas are ambiguous.
14408:
Accent and tone are the most variable aspect of
Japanese dialects. Some have no accent at all; of those that do, it may occur in addition to a high or low word tone.
1026:"transition between the old and the new"), is treated as "noncompoundified", and retains the lexical accent nuclei of its constituents (in this case ๆฐๆง and ไบคไปฃ):
2724:
Group A: ใใใใใใใ ใใใงใใจใใซใใฏใใธใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใปใฉใใจใใฆ: These do not modify the nouns' accent at all. ใใ in particular may make a ๅนณๆฟ noun's last mora accented.
657:), for example. When compounding with a place name to form a city name, the accent nucleus of the resulting compound is usually immediately before ๅธ itself:
17299:
12464:
For compounds from 200,000-900,000 (ใซใใ
ใใพใ๏ฝใใ
ใใใ
ใใพใ), either ใใ
or ใพ can be accented. Alternative exceptions include ใซ๊ใใ
ใใพใใใ๊ใใใ
ใใพใใใ๊ใใใ
ใใพใใใใ
๊ใใใ
ใใพใ.
3311:
On the other hand, as ใฎ cannot remove accent from other ไธญ้ซ nouns, and ้ ญ้ซ nouns, the resulting noun+ใฎ remains ่ตทไผ, and its accent often takes precedence:
568:
In all cases but final accent, there is a general declination (gradual decline) of pitch across the phrase. This, and the initial rise, are part of the
3450:
If the accented mora of a ๅฐพ้ซ noun, or a noun ending in a special mora (็นๆฎๆ) as mentioned above, is preceded by a devoiced mora (voiceless consonant +
1148:
that attach to the end of the word, whereas these would have a low pitch when attached to an accented word (including one accented on the final mora).
147:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
984:
should have one nucleus of its own, or several nuclei of its constituents, is a matter of whether it is a "compoundified compound noun" (่คๅ่ชๅ่คๅๅ่ฉ
931:
At the phrasal level, compound nouns are well contained within a phrase, no matter how long they are. Thus, the utterance ใจใผใญใใใฏ็ฌฌไธๆฌกไธ็ๅคงๆฆใงใฏไธปๆฆๅ ดใจใชใฃใ (
545:, is pronounced in five beats (morae). When initial in the phrase (and therefore starting out with a low pitch), the pitch typically rises on the
17150:
4354:
Group L: ใใใใใใใจใใใจใฆใใจใใใชใใใญใใใฎใฟใใพใงใใใใใใใใใช (exclamatory)ใใใใใปใใใใใฉใใใใฐใใใใใใใใใใ. ใใใใปใใใ and ใฐใใ behave similarly to when they follow nouns.
1667:. The next phrase thus starts off near the low end of the speaker's pitch range and needs to reset to high before the next downstep can occur.
12467:
For compounds from 1,000,000-90,000,000 (ใฒใใใพใ๏ฝใใ
ใใใใพใ), the accented mora is ใพ. Alternative exceptions include ใ๊ใใณใใใพใใใ๊ใใฒใใใพใใใใ
๊ใใฒใใใพใ.
17346:
13623:
1762:
If the dictionary form is ่ตทไผ, the derived noun has ๅฐพ้ซ accent, though certain derived nouns may alternatively have different accent types:
16093:
13638:
Recording of a native speaker demonstrating the differences in words caused by normative (i.e., Tokyo dialect) pitch accents in
Japanese.
972:
is an entire phrase in itself, it should ideally carry at most one accent nucleus, the lexical accent nucleus of the free compound noun
17145:
13275:
Group H: The accent is tentatively placed on the last mora of the numeral, and if that mora is a ็นๆฎๆ, the accent is shifted backward.
7003:
When a particle or auxiliary follows a phrase that ends in another particle, if that phrase has ๅนณๆฟ accent, its last mora is accented:
16056:
1124:
If the accent is on the first mora, then the first syllable is high-pitched and the others are low: H๊L, H๊L-L, H๊L-L-L, H๊L-L-L-L,
382:
Foreign learners of
Japanese are often not taught to pronounce the pitch accent, though it is included in some noted texts, such as
14565:-type dialects feel that they are accenting a particular syllable, whereas speakers of unaccented dialects have no such intuition.
14484:'bonfire' is accented. The ultimate or penultimate high tone will shift when any unaccented grammatical particle is added, such as
5016:
For spoken and written ๅฝไปคๅฝข of verbs with ่ตทไผ accent, the location of the accented mora is the same as that in the dictionary forms:
3193:
The table above shows that the particle ใฎ does not affect certain ไธญ้ซ nouns. However, if a ไธญ้ซ noun ends in a special mora (็นๆฎๆ, see
268:. The nature and location of the accent for a given word may vary between dialects. For instance, the word for "river" is in the
2031:
forms derived from ่ตทไผ dictionary forms, the results are often ๅฐพ้ซ, but if they contain more than 3 morae, they may be ไธญ้ซ instead:
1703:
According to Shiro Kori (2020), here are the patterns for the ้ฃ็จๅฝข of pentagrade verbs without a trailing particle or auxiliary:
16772:
1083:
For "noncompoundified" compound nouns, which constituents should be allowed for may also vary. For example, the above ็ฌฌไธๆฌกไธ็ๅคงๆฆ:
653:
While the accent patterns of single words are often unpredictable, those of compounds are often rule-based. Take the suffix ๅธ (
5139:
Group f: ใ ใใใใงใใใใใใใ. When interacting with ่ตทไผ verbs, the penultimate mora of the auxiliary may, alternatively, be accented:
15945:
15870:
132:
16767:
15161:
In Tokyo, all nakadaka verbs have the downstep on the second to last mora. This is the last mora of the verb stem, as in
5125:
Group e: ใใใ ใใใใ ใใฟใใ. This group may, alternatively, interact differently with ่ตทไผ verbs, resulting in two accent nuclei:
4993:
For the written ๅฝไปคๅฝข of monograde verbs with ๅนณๆฟ accent, whose root contains only 1 mora, the last mora is also accented:
15727:
Phonetically, however, Tokyo accented words sound more like Osaka low-tone words, due to the initial low pitch in both.
14098:, combining two words with the same or very similar sounds but different pitch accents and thus meanings. For example,
155:
4922:
Group O consists of ใฉใใฐใใฉใ. When these particles follow the ไปฎๅฎๅฝข of a ๅนณๆฟ verb, the last mora of such form is accented:
168:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
16251:
16019:
16000:
15964:
15924:
15890:
15853:
15808:
15360:
2735:
Group B: ใฎ (sometimes reduced to ใ): This particle only deaccents nouns with ๅฐพ้ซ accent and do not affect other nouns.
68:
46:
16652:
2712:
The lexical accents of words as shown in dictionaries may be modified if there is a trailing particle or auxiliary.
1402:(3) If the second mora is any other type of mora, the tone of the first mora is "low", and there is initial lowering
39:
17358:
17077:
4073:
3966:
1972:
often results in ๅฐพ้ซ accent, although for derived nouns with 4 or more morae, other accent types may also be found:
1399:, the tone of the first mora is "low", and there is initial lowering, but the tone of the second mora is also "low"
14411:
The dialects that have a Tokyo-type accent, like the standard Tokyo dialect described above, are distributed over
17031:
17026:
16552:
16086:
13600:
6283:
Group T: ใใใใใใใใใใใใใฎใใฏใใใใใใใใใใใใช (doubtful)ใใใญใใใใใ ใใจใใใจใฆใใจใใใชใฉใใชใใใฎใงใปใใงใใฎใซใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใฉใใชใใฆใใใใใใใใใใใใฉใ
17200:
1392:
or the lengthening half of a long vowel, the tone of the first mora is "high", and there is no initial lowering
907:
When multiple independent nouns are placed successively, they syntactically form a compound noun. For example:
17041:
16757:
6733:
Group n: ใใใ ใใใใ ใใฟใใ. These can alternatively result in two accent nuclei when combining with ่ตทไผ adjectives:
384:
13575:
A more comprehensive index of counters and their groups entitled ๅฉๆฐ่ฉ็ดขๅผ can be found in the NHKๆฅๆฌ่ช็บ้ณใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ.
12976:ไธ็ฎ๏ผใกใใใ๏ผ (ordinal) โ ใใฃใกใใใ๊ใใซใกใใใ๊ใใใใกใใใ๊ใใใใกใใใ๊ใใใกใใใ๊ใใใใกใใใ๊ใใชใชใกใใใ๊ใใฏใฃใกใใใ๊ใใใ
ใใกใใใ๊ใใใ
ใฃใกใใใ๊ใปใใฃใกใใใ๊
17172:
17011:
16570:
16258:
13267:ใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใโใใใกใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใซใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใใใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใใใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใใฃใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใชใชใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใฏใกใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใใ
ใใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใใใ
ใฃใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ ใปใใฃใญใญใฐ๊ใฉใ
1654:
word, and the gradual rise and fall of pitch across a word, arise not from lexical accent, but rather from
15216:
15212:
15166:
15162:
15154:
15150:
15142:
15138:
15130:
15126:
15089:
15085:
15064:
15060:
15043:
15039:
15033:
15025:
14985:
14981:
14975:
14967:
14945:
14507:
14502:
14370:
14342:
14322:
14294:
14274:
14254:
14229:
14207:
14185:
14102:
14072:
14068:
14060:
14053:
14024:
14004:
13979:
13960:
13935:
13918:
13901:
13876:
13859:
13842:
13815:
13798:
13773:
13756:
13739:
13714:
13697:
13680:
2720:
The particles are categorized in four groups based on how they modify the accent of the nouns the follow.
17386:
17381:
16905:
16885:
16689:
16642:
15713:
Shimabukuro, Moriyo (1996). "Pitch in Okinawan Nouns and Noun Compounds". In Reves; Steele; Wong (eds.).
14962:'cherry tree', are pronounced with a high tone on every syllable, and in following unaccented particles:
12455:
For compounds from 10-90 (ใใ
ใ๏ฝใใ
ใใใ
ใใปใใใ
ใ), ใใ
is accented, except in ใซ๊ใใ
ใใใ๊ใใใ
ใใใ๊ใใใ
ใใใชใช๊ใใ
ใใใใ
๊ใใใ
ใ.
2578:
Some common proper name suffixes, such as ๆง๏ผใใพ๏ผใใใใใกใใใๆฎฟ๏ผใฉใฎ๏ผใๅ๏ผใใ๏ผ, do not affect the names they suffix:
1216:
Earlier phonologists made use of a three-tone system, with an additional "mid" tone (M). For example, ็ซฏ (
14153:
is the number of syllables (not morae) in a word, though this pattern only holds for a relatively small
13131:็ฎๆ๏ผใใใค๏ผ (cardinal) โ ใใฃใ๊ใใคใใซใ๊ใใคใใใใ๊ใใคใใใใ๊ใใคใใใ๊ใใคใใใฃใ๊ใใคใใชใชใ๊ใใคใใฏใกใ๊ใใคใปใฏใฃใ๊ใใคใใใ
ใใ๊ใใคใใใ
ใฃใ๊ใใคใปใใฃใ๊ใใค
13128:็ฎๅนด๏ผใใญใ๏ผ (cardinal) โ ใใฃใ๊ใญใใใซใ๊ใญใใใใใ๊ใญใใใใใ๊ใญใใใใ๊ใญใใใใฃใ๊ใญใใใชใชใ๊ใญใใใฏใกใ๊ใญใใปใฏใฃใ๊ใญใใใใ
ใใ๊ใญใใใใ
ใฃใ๊ใญใใปใใฃใ๊ใญใ
17021:
16079:
1700:
The derived noun from ใใในใ is ใใใน (ๅนณๆฟ). Also compare the ้ฃ็จๅฝข ใใ๊ใน (ไธญ้ซ) to its derived noun, ใใใน๊ (ๅฐพ้ซ).
177:
16895:
13110:ๆ้๏ผใใใ๏ผ (cardinal) โ ใใกใ๊ใใใใซใ๊ใใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใใ๊ใใใใใกใ๊ใใใปใชใชใ๊ใใใใฏใกใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใปใใ
ใใ๊ใใใใใ
ใใ๊ใใ
17306:
17284:
17072:
13300:ๅฅณ๏ผใใ๏ผ ("female person", cardinal) โ ใใก๊ใใใใซ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใก๊ใใใปใชใช๊ใใใใฏใก๊ใใใใใ
๊ใใใใใใ
๊ใใใ
12979:็ช็ฎ๏ผใฐใใ๏ผ (ordinal) โ ใใกใฐใใ๊ใใซใฐใใ๊ใใใใฐใใ๊ใใใใฐใใ๊ใปใใฐใใ๊ใใใฐใใ๊ใใใใฐใใ๊ใใชใชใฐใใ๊ใใฏใกใฐใใ๊ใใใ
ใใฐใใ๊ใปใใฐใใ๊ใใใ
ใใฐใใ๊
17341:
17279:
17269:
17233:
17131:
17082:
17006:
16981:
16590:
15012:
in Kagoshima (the default position for both dialects); also, in Osaka the accented is fixed on the
13592:
13270:
cc๏ผใทใผใท๊ใผ๏ผใโใใใกใทใผใท๊ใผใใซใทใผใท๊ใผใใใใทใผใท๊ใผใใใใทใผใท๊ใผใใใทใผใท๊ใผใใใใทใผใท๊ใผใใชใชใทใผใท๊ใผใใฏใกใทใผใท๊ใผใใใ
ใใทใผใท๊ใผใใใ
ใฃใทใผใท๊ใผใปใใฃใทใผใท๊ใผ
13125:ๅนด็๏ผใญใใใ๏ผ (ordinal) โ ใใกใญ๊ใใใใใซใญ๊ใใใใใใใญ๊ใใใใใใญ๊ใใใใใใญ๊ใใใใใใใญ๊ใใใใใใกใญ๊ใใใใใฏใกใญ๊ใใใใใใ
ใใญ๊ใใใใใใ
ใใญ๊ใใใ
11672:
4061:
2064:
163:
33:
16647:
13264:ใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใโใใใกใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใซใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใใใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใใใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใใใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใชใชใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใฏใกใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใใ
ใใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใใใใ
ใใชใฏใฟ๊ใผใ
12458:
For compounds from 100-900 (ใฒใใ๏ฝใใ
ใใฒใใ), the accent is ๅฐพ้ซ, except in ใ๊ใใณใใใใ๊ใใฒใใใใชใช๊ใฒใใใใใ
๊ใใฒใใ.
6702:, forms contain more than 4 morae, the accent nucleus is the same as that of the dictionary form:
16725:
13587:
mora. However, this distribution is highly variable between word categories. For example, 70% of
1882:
dictionary forms with more than 3 morae, the accented location may, alternative, not be shifted:
1689:, here are the patterns for the ้ฃ็จๅฝข of monograde verbs without a trailing particle or auxiliary:
1052:"nuclear waste"), can be, on a preferential basis, either "compoundified" or "noncompoundified":
773:"My mother cooks and my father washes the dishes") can be subdivided into the following phrases:
14544:
11621:
Like ๅฉๅ่ฉ ("auxiliaries"), ่ฃๅฉๅ่ฉ also modify the accent of the verbs they trail. According to the
3502:
A phrase with a ่ตทไผ noun followed by ใฟใใ in particular may alternatively have two accent nuclei:
631:(e.g.: /katite/ > /kaQte/) or through consonant assimilation (e.g.: /setpuku/ > /seQpuku/)
612:
coda consonants (/n/ and /m/) (e.g.: /kaN/; /wemu/ > /eN/), but also arose naturally through
16742:
13122:็ชๆ๏ผใฐใใฆ๏ผ (ordinal) โ ใใฆใฐ๊ใใฆใใซใฐ๊ใใฆใใใใฐ๊ใใฆใใใใฐ๊ใใฆใปใใฐ๊ใใฆใใใฐ๊ใใฆใใใใฐ๊ใใฆใใชใชใฐ๊ใใฆใใฏใฆใฐ๊ใใฆใใใ
ใใฐ๊ใใฆใใใ
ใใฐ๊ใใฆ
750:
In general, Japanese utterances can be syntactically split into discrete phrases (known in the
50:
16926:
15575:
15266:
12982:ๅบฆ็ฎ๏ผใฉใ๏ผ (ordinal) โ ใใกใฉใ๊ใใซใฉใ๊ใใใใฉใ๊ใใใใฉใ๊ใปใใฉใ๊ใใใฉใ๊ใใใใฉใ๊ใใชใชใฉใ๊ใปใใกใฉใ๊ใใฏใกใฉใ๊ใใใ
ใใฉใ๊ใปใใฉใ๊ใใใ
ใใฉใ๊
5005:
verbs with ๅนณๆฟ accent, whose root contains more than 1 mora, the penultimate mora is accented:
2657:ๆฐ๏ผใ๏ผ places the accent on the last mora of originally ๅนณๆฟ names, but does not affect ่ตทไผ names:
1313:
The "mid" tone also corresponds to what is now considered the "low" tone in initial-accented (
17112:
16585:
16131:
16121:
15629:
15611:
15593:
15557:
15281:
14019:
1655:
1140:(accentless), the first mora is low and the others are high: L-H, L-H-H, L-H-H-H, L-H-H-H-H,
569:
257:
184:
14574:
13309:็พฝ๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใใก๊ใใใซ๊ใใใ๊ใใฐใปใ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใปใ๊ใใฐใใ๊ใใใ๊ใฃใฑใปใใ๊ใใใชใช๊ใใปใใก๊ใใใฏใก๊ใใปใฏ๊ใฃใฑใใใ
๊ใใใใใ
๊ใฃใฑใปใ๊ใฃใฑใปใใ
๊ใใ
12919:ไบบๅ๏ผใซใใพใ๏ผ โ ใใกใซใใพใใใซใซใใพใใใใใซใใพใใใใซใใพใใใใซใใพใใใใใซใใพใใใใกใซใใพใใปใชใชใซใใพใใใฏใกใซใใพใใใใซใใพใใปใใ
ใใซใใพใใใใ
ใใซใใพใ
1240:/final-accented), is much starker than the contrast between the "low" and "mid" tones in ้ผป (
935:"Europe was the main theater of war in World War I") is subdivided into phrases as follows:
17274:
17097:
17001:
16875:
16677:
16612:
16126:
15016:
whereas in Kagoshima it shifts when particles are added. Unaccented low-tone words such as
14941:
13604:
13583:
In standard Japanese, about 47% of words are unaccented and around 26% are accented on the
1650:
719:
A defective mora can be an accent nucleus only if the mora following it is also defective:
641:
The morphologically bound /i/ (/I/, written in kana as ใ/ใค): derived from a Middle Chinese
635:
314:
276:
it is . A final or is often devoiced to or after a downstep and an unvoiced consonant.
14471:) system, as there are two possibilities, accented and not accented. For instance, in the
13584:
13297:ๅฅณ๏ผใใ๏ผ ("daughter", ordinal) โ ใกใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใก๊ใใใใฏใก๊ใใใใใ
๊ใใใใใใ
๊ใใใ
13116:ๆฎต้๏ผใ ใใใ๏ผ โ ใใกใ ๊ใใใใใซใ ๊ใใใใใใใ ๊ใใใใใใใ ๊ใใใใใใ ๊ใใใใใใใ ๊ใใใใใชใชใ ๊ใใใใใฏใกใ ๊ใใใใใใ
ใใ ๊ใใใใใใ
ใใ ๊ใใใ
6694:
For ่ตทไผ dictionary forms, the accent nucleus shifts 1 mora backward if possible; OR if the
2005:
forms derived from ๅนณๆฟ dictionary forms of adjectives, nouns and verbs tend to also be ๅนณๆฟ:
396:
In standard Japanese, pitch accent has the following effect on words spoken in isolation:
8:
17323:
17205:
17177:
17092:
16672:
15185:'newspaper' is in Kagoshima, with the high tone spread across the entire final syllable
13119:็ชๅฐ๏ผใฐใใก๏ผ (ordinal) โ ใใกใฐ๊ใใกใใซใฐ๊ใใกใใใใฐ๊ใใกใใใใฐ๊ใใกใใใฐ๊ใใกใใใใฐ๊ใใกใใชใชใฐ๊ใใกใใฏใกใฐ๊ใใกใใใ
ใใฐ๊ใใกใใใ
ใใฐ๊ใใก
1000:"change of generation") may be treated as "compoundified," with a single accent nucleus:
751:
16617:
15081:, low-tone words have low pitch only on the first mora, and subsequent morae are high:
15056:
is similar, but unaccented low-tone words are purely low, without the rise at the end:
17353:
17294:
17215:
17102:
17036:
16921:
16634:
16376:
15831:
15715:
Linguistics and Language Teaching: Proceedings of the Sixth Joint LSHโHATESL Conference
15680:
14518:
14436:
1649:
analyse Japanese pitch accent somewhat differently. In their view, a word either has a
1168:, where the "high" pitch of words becomes successively lower after each accented mora:
1145:
413:
388:. Incorrect pitch accent is a strong characteristic of a "foreign accent" in Japanese.
261:
16622:
16458:
16407:
5056:
3518:
Group d: ใใใ: This auxiliary may affect all nouns, or only accentless nouns (Group c).
3194:
2753:
Group E: ใ ใ: This particle either deaccents in and of itself, or behaves like Group A.
2089:
379:). Newsreaders and other speech professionals are required to follow these standards.
356:
17182:
17117:
17087:
16890:
16709:
16694:
16667:
16662:
16600:
16538:
16513:
16448:
16322:
16160:
16150:
16141:
16102:
16015:
15996:
15979:
15960:
15941:
15920:
15900:
15886:
15866:
15849:
15804:
15676:
15408:
15356:
15170:
15078:
14514:
14472:
11928:
681:
494:
265:
253:
159:
16366:
16165:
15684:
14428:
13113:ๆ้๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใกใ๊ใใใใซใ๊ใใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใใ๊ใใใใใกใ๊ใใใใฏใกใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใปใใ
ใใ๊ใใใใใ
ใใ๊ใใ
2684:
Some suffixes notably affect ๅนณๆฟ and ่ตทไผ nouns differently, like a trailing particle:
576:
17311:
17289:
17067:
16863:
16704:
16506:
16496:
16491:
16479:
16332:
16268:
16224:
15823:
15672:
15049:
14528:
3515:
Group c: ใ ใใใใงใใใใใใใ: This group also only affects the accent of accentless nouns.
509:(flat or accent on the second syllable, meaning either 'edge' or 'bridge'), while "
295:
16832:
16427:
16371:
16209:
14416:
7025:
Certain particles such as ใจใใใใใใใใ ใ may, alternatively, not alter the ๅนณๆฟ phrase:
745:
17336:
16996:
16991:
16986:
16699:
16472:
16383:
16283:
16244:
16239:
16200:
16180:
16061:
15935:
15860:
15350:
14485:
13104:
Group F: In the resulting compound, the counter's first mora is mostly accented:
3445:
875:
Ideally, each phrase can carry at most one accent nucleus (in the above example,
16465:
15355:(Rev. and updated ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 186โ188.
14424:
14420:
14400:
14083:
This property of the Japanese language allows for a certain type of pun, called
13288:", cardinal) โ ใ๊ใฃใใใใซ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใ๊ใฃใใใใชใช๊ใใใใฏใก๊ใใใใใ
๊ใใใใใใ
๊ใฃใใใปใ๊ใฃใใ
694:
675:
But if the mora before ๅธ is defective, the accent must shift one mora backward:
17331:
16682:
16657:
16580:
16560:
16533:
16484:
16436:
16400:
16354:
16298:
16293:
16273:
15053:
14584:
13306:ๅ๏ผใตใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใฃใทใใใซ๊ใตใใใ๊ใใทใใใ๊ใใทใใใ๊ใตใใใ๊ใฃใทใใใชใช๊ใตใใใฏใก๊ใตใใปใฏ๊ใฃใทใใใใ
๊ใใตใใใใ
๊ใฃใทใใปใ๊ใฃใทใ
5070:
Group P consists of ใจใใใใ. These particles do not alter the accent of the ๅฝไปคๅฝข:
1664:
825:
609:
273:
16047:
15243:
Note how ใฎ deaccents ๅฐพ้ซ nouns and ไธญ้ซ nouns ending in a ็นๆฎๆ as mentioned above.
12916:", ordinal) โ ใใฃใใใปใใใใใใซใใใปใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใฃใใใใชใชใใใใฏใกใใใใใ
ใใใใใใ
ใฃใใใปใใฃใใ
12461:
For compounds from 1,000-100,000 (ใใ๏ฝใใ
ใใพใ), the accented morae are ใใปใ and ใพ.
3499:
Group b: ใงใใใฟใใ: This group only affects the accent of accentless nouns (ๅนณๆฟ).
517:" can be accented on the first syllable or the second, or be flat/accentless:
17375:
17122:
16868:
16847:
16565:
16417:
16361:
16229:
16219:
16195:
16185:
16175:
15904:
14532:
14492:
14443:
13588:
6582:
form contains more than 3 morae, is the same as that of the dictionary form:
1874:
For ่ตทไผ dictionary forms with more than 2 morae, the accented location of the
821:
417:
269:
14456:
17107:
16936:
16501:
16395:
16339:
16308:
16303:
16116:
14452:
12913:
6578:้ฃ็จๅฝข of ่ตทไผ adjectives is shifted one mora backward if posssible; OR, if the
2738:
Group C: ใญใใใช (doubtful)ใใใญ: This group only affects accentless nouns (ๅนณๆฟ).
663:
248:
15983:
15764:'leaf', for example, has a rising tone in Tokyo dialect, whereas accented
12906:้ฑ๏ผใใ
ใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใใ
ใใใซใใ
ใใใใใใ
ใใใใใใ
ใใใใใ
ใใใใใใ
ใใใชใชใใ
ใใใฏใฃใใ
ใใใใ
ใใใ
ใใใใ
ใฃใใ
ใใปใใฃใใ
ใ
7036:
Otherwise, if that phrase has ้ ญ้ซ or ไธญ้ซ accent, its accent is not altered:
6729:
Four groups of auxiliaries that can trail dictionary forms of adjectives:
3222:
Certain ๅฐพ้ซ words, including ancient place names, are not deaccented by ใฎ.
627:"moraic obstruent", /Q/, written in kana as ใฃ or ใ): mainly arose through
17162:
16390:
2067:
origin, often result in compound nouns with predictable accent patterns.
1947:
forms derived from ๅนณๆฟ dictionary forms of adjectives tend to also be ๅนณๆฟ:
1854:
forms derived from ๅนณๆฟ dictionary forms of adjectives tend to also be ๅนณๆฟ:
1646:
1380:) words is often underspecified. Early versions of the NHKๆฅๆฌ่ช็บ้ณใขใฏใปใณใๆฐ่พๅ
ธ (
198:
16066:
6258:
Five groups of particles that can trail dictionary forms of adjectives:
4344:
Five groups of particles that can follow the dictionary forms of verbs:
3372:
Although these "rules" are still overidden in many other fixed phrases:
17191:
17157:
16966:
16961:
16956:
16951:
16946:
16837:
15814:
Bloch, Bernard (1950). "Studies in colloquial Japanese IV: Phonemics".
15224:
15020:'rabbit' have high pitch only in the final mora, just as in Kagoshima:
14145:
Since any syllable, or none, may be accented, Tokyo-type dialects have
13647:
4973:
For the spoken ๅฝไปคๅฝข of verbs with ๅนณๆฟ accent, the last mora is accented:
993:
166:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
15835:
13291:ใญใญ โ ใใก๊ใญใญใใซ๊ใญใญใใ๊ใใญใญใใ๊ใใญใญใใ๊ใญใญใใ๊ใฃใญใญใใชใช๊ใญใญใใฏใก๊ใญใญใใใ
๊ใใญใญใใใ
๊ใฃใญใญใปใ๊ใฃใญใญ
5121:
Three groups of auxiliaries that can trail dictionary forms of verbs:
421:
will be considered accented regardless. The Japanese describe this as
16971:
16900:
16880:
16822:
15934:
Kubozono, Haruo (1999). "Mora and syllable". In Tsujimura, N. (ed.).
15255:
Some speakers born as far back as in 1930 had been using this accent.
15189:
but in Osaka it is , with the high tone restricted to the final mora
13303:ๅ๏ผใถ๏ผ โ ใใก๊ใถใใซ๊ใถใใ๊ใใถใใ๊ใใถใปใ๊ใถใใ๊ใถใใใ๊ใถใใชใช๊ใถใปใใก๊ใถใใฏใก๊ใถใใใ
๊ใใถใปใ๊ใถใใใ
๊ใใถ
16842:
16827:
16071:
16048:
Linguistics Lecture "Diversity in the Accents of Dialects" (YouTube)
6101:
If possible, the accent nucleus shifts back until it reaches a ่ช็ซๆ.
4165:
If possible, the accent nucleus shifts back until it reaches a ่ช็ซๆ.
4159:
If possible, the accent nucleus shifts back until it reaches a ่ช็ซๆ.
4153:
If possible, the accent nucleus shifts back until it reaches a ่ช็ซๆ.
1658:, which is added to the word by its context: If the first word in a
17136:
16817:
16812:
16807:
16734:
16575:
15827:
15390:
15325:
15309:
14412:
14137:
13261:
Group G: The counter's own accent as a free word takes precedence:
11623:
7078:
6963:
The only member of Group r is ใ, and it uniquely combines with the
1685:
1663:
a gradual drop in pitch throughout the phrase. This drop is called
642:
17251:
5057:#Accent nuclei, defective morae and compound-induced accent shifts
3458:+ voiceless consonant), and that noun may not be deaccented by ใฎ.
3195:#Accent nuclei, defective morae and compound-induced accent shifts
2090:#Accent nuclei, defective morae and compound-induced accent shifts
1675:
Most of the following patterns are listed in the NHKๆฅๆฌ่ช็บ้ณใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ.
1471:
355:
Normative pitch accent, essentially the pitch accent of the Tokyo
17228:
17167:
16784:
15845:
The Tone Pattern of Japanese: An Autosegmental Theory of Tonology
15442:
The Tone Pattern of Japanese: An Autosegmental Theory of Tonology
14447:
13504:ใใ๊ใใพใใปใฟ๊ใพใใใ๊ใใพใใปใ๊ใพใใใ๊ใพใใใใ๊ใพใใใชใช๊ใพใใปใใก๊ใพใใใฏใก๊ใพใใใใ
๊ใใพใใใใ
๊ใใพใ
6599:
Group V consists of the following particles: ใฆใใฏใใใใฆใ. When a ๅนณๆฟ
1516:
1340:
577:
Accent nuclei, defective morae and compound-induced accent shifts
14071:
hร shรญ-nรฌ "at the bridge" acquires a marked drop in pitch, while
124:
17246:
16779:
16747:
16067:
Online Japanese Accent Dictionary, from the University of Tokyo
14432:
14085:
13294:ๆ๏ผใ๏ผ (ordinal) โ ใใก๊ใใใซ๊ใใใ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใใก๊ใใใฏใก๊ใใใ๊ใใใใ
๊ใใ
13285:
2389:
For a few native suffixes, their first mora is often accented:
1659:
820:
The general structure of these phrases is that a syntactically
746:
Compoundified compound nouns vs noncompoundified compound nouns
707:
623:
294:, and refers to pitch accent in languages such as Japanese and
15466:
The Phonetics and Phonology of Tone and Intonation in Japanese
13578:
3446:
Noun with devoiced accentless mora followed by accented mora+ใฎ
608:"moraic nasal", /N/, written in kana as ใ or ใณ): derived from
465:, on which the pitch drops. In Japanese this accent is called
17241:
16789:
16752:
15859:
Haraguchi, Shosuke (1999). "Accent". In Tsujimura, N. (ed.).
14588:
14580:
13281:ๅ๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใฃใใใซ๊ใใใ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใ๊ใฃใใใชใช๊ใใใฏใก๊ใใใใ
๊ใใใใใ
๊ใฃใใปใ๊ใฃใ
4348:
Group J: ใ (case)ใใจใใช (exclamatory)ใใซใใฏใใใใใใใใใใใใใใ ใใใปใฉใใใฎใฎ
3827:
1444:
614:
14118:. These are considered quite corny, and are associated with
3496:
Group a: ใ : This auxiliary inherits the accent of the nouns.
16799:
15108:+1 = 5) for two-mora words, and six (out of a theoretical 2
6680:
For ๅนณๆฟ dictionary forms, the root's last mora is accented:
3910:
Four groups of particles that can follow the ้ฃ็จๅฝข of verbs:
2085:
1717:
1224:/unaccented) is considered to have a L-M pattern, while ๆฉ (
933:
Yลroppa-wa Dai-ichiji-Sekai-Taisen-de-wa shusenjล-to natta
501:" spoken in isolation can be accented in two ways, either
497:, which include any following particles. So the sequence "
136:
to this template: there are already 1,137 articles in the
12909:ๅ๏ผใฐใ๏ผ โ ใใกใฐใใใซใฐใใใใใฐใใใใใฐใใใใฐใใใใใฐใใใชใชใฐใใใฏใกใฐใใใใ
ใใฐใใใใ
ใใฐใ
5893:
Three groups of auxiliaries that can trail ้ฃ็จๅฝข of verbs:
5521:
Three groups of auxiliaries that can trail ๆช็ถๅฝข of verbs:
15662:
1714:
Compare the ้ฃ็จๅฝข ใฎ๊ใฟ (ไธญ้ซ) to its derived noun, ใฎใฟ๊ (ๅฐพ้ซ).
1376:
The tone of the first mora in non-initial-accented (non-
505:(accent on the first syllable, meaning 'chopsticks') or
15468:. Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
14459:
in Ehime and elsewhere, nouns are not accented at all.
6724:
1264:) without a following particle and an unaccented word (
1022:
Meanwhile, a different four-kanji compound noun, ๆฐๆงไบคไปฃ (
15940:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. ch. 2, pp. 31โ61.
14560:
14554:
14548:
14521:
are varied, and do not all fit the Japanese patterns.
6253:
15865:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. ch. 1, pp. 1โ30.
6677:
Group W consists of the following particles: ใฐใใฉใใฉใ.
6262:
Group Q: ใจใใช (exclamatory)ใใ (proclamatory)ใใ ใใใปใฉใใใฎใฎ
3197:
above), ใฎ deaccents it just like it does an ๅฐพ้ซ noun.
2707:
400:
The following accent types are collectively known as
15538:
Kori, Shiro (30 May 2015). "ๅฉ่ฉใปๅฉๅ่ฉใฎใขใฏใปใณใใซใคใใฆใฎ่ฆใๆธใ".
15096:
The Keihan system is sometimes described as having 2
14538:
7070:
6817:
The dictionary form's penultimate mora is accented.
6366:
The dictionary form's penultimate mora is accented.
1936:
1843:
1806:
120:
15976:
The Phonological Component of a Grammar of Japanese
15751:Although in other words with the moraic pattern of
15115:
5116:
16014:. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
14480:'colored paper' is unaccented in Kagoshima, while
11671:and Shiro Kori do not explicitly describe the two
6757:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
6753:Group q: ใใใ. Alternatively, behaves like Group o.
6603:form combines with a Group-V particle, either the
6290:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
5907:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
5535:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
5154:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
4364:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
4339:
3927:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
3522:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
2757:Notes are given where there's a change in accent.
1722:
15519:Kori, Shiro (31 July 2020). "ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๅฉ่ฉใปๅฉๅ่ฉ้กใฎใขใฏใปใณใ".
13341:็บใปไธ๏ผใกใใ๏ผ (cardinal) โ ใ๊ใฃใกใใใใซ๊ใกใใใใ๊ใใกใใใใ๊ใใกใใใ
13254:ใใใใ๊ใใใใใใ๊ใใใชใชใใ๊ใใใฏใกใใ๊ใใใใ
ใใใ๊ใใปใใใ๊ใใใใ
ใใใ๊ใ
6645:Group V does not affect the accent nucleus of ่ตทไผ
6286:Group U: ใ ใ. Alternatively, behaves like Group Q.
6275:ใใใ๊ใ + ใฉใใ + ใฎ โ ใใใ๊ใใฉใใใฎ or ใใใใใฉ๊ใใใฎ๏ผๅฌใใใฉใใใฎ๏ผ
3492:Auxiliaries can be categorized into four groups:
1811:Nouns derived from compound verbs tend to be ๅนณๆฟ:
988:) or "noncompoundified compound noun" (้่คๅ่ชๅ่คๅๅ่ฉ
272:, with the accent on the second mora, but in the
17373:
1925:adjectives, their roots' last mora is accented:
771:Haha-ga ryลri-o shite chichi-ga sara-o arai-masu
15768:'root' has a falling tone; likewise unaccented
15219:. In Osaka, however, either pattern may occur:
14381:
14353:
14333:
14305:
14285:
14265:
14240:
14218:
14196:
14131:
12847:Compounds resulting from rule 1 follow rule 2:
6634:form's last mora may, alternatively, accented:
3871:
2331:Some suffixes belong to both the above groups:
769:). For example, the utterance ๆฏใๆ็ใใใฆ็ถใ็ฟใๆดใใพใ (
755:
333:
318:
299:
280:
15540:
15521:
15203:
15194:
14929:
14906:
14886:
14860:
14840:
14817:
14775:
14749:
14729:
14706:
14680:
14660:
14637:
14375:
14347:
14327:
14299:
14279:
14259:
14234:
14212:
14190:
14125:
14107:
14091:
14031:
14011:
13986:
13967:
13942:
13925:
13908:
13883:
13866:
13849:
13822:
13805:
13780:
13763:
13746:
13721:
13704:
13687:
6998:
6823:The auxiliary's penultimate mora is accented.
6811:The auxiliary's penultimate mora is accented.
5732:The auxiliary's penultimate mora is accented.
5206:The auxiliary's penultimate mora is accented.
3585:The auxiliary's penultimate mora is accented.
3579:The auxiliary's penultimate mora is accented.
3573:The auxiliary's penultimate mora is accented.
762:
533:
481:
466:
457:
448:
435:
422:
401:
374:
364:
340:
325:
306:
287:
162:accompanying your translation by providing an
111:Click for important translation instructions.
98:expand this article with text translated from
16087:
15776:'three' have a rising tone, whereas accented
15211:'divining rod', will always have the pattern
6607:form's penultimate mora is accented; OR, the
6278:ใใ๊ใ + ใฐใใ + ใง โ ใใ๊ใใฐใใใง or ใใใใฐ๊ใใใง๏ผ้ซใใฐใใใง๏ผ
1878:forms is shifted back by 1 mora; OR, for non-
596:"autonomous beats"), defective morae or ็นๆฎๆ (
15784:'divining rod' can only have a falling tone.
15377:Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology
14568:
14462:
13516:ใใฟ๊ใคใใใ๊ใคใใใใค๊ใคใใใ๊ใคใใใชใช๊ใคใใใ๊ใคใใใใใฎ๊ใคใใใจ๊ใคใ
12970:Group E: The resulting accent is mostly ๅฐพ้ซ:
12900:Group D: The resulting accent is mostly ๅนณๆฟ:
11927:The following table lists some compounds of
4443:The dictionary form's last mora is accented
3245:
2198:Some suffixes often result in ๅนณๆฟ compounds:
2063:Certain highly productive affixes, often of
1987:ใใใใ๊ใ๏ผ้ข็ฝใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใฟ๊ or ใใใใ๊ใฟ or ใใใใใฟ๏ผ้ข็ฝใฟ๏ผ
15712:
15514:
15512:
15510:
15495:
15493:
15285:claims that this form is ๅนณๆฟ rather than ๅฐพ้ซ.
15270:claims that this form is ๅนณๆฟ rather than ๅฐพ้ซ.
13579:Examples of words that differ only in pitch
6958:
6742:ใฟใใ๊ใ + ใฟใใ โ ใฟใใ๊ใใฟใใ or ใฟใใ๊ใใใฟ๊ใใ๏ผ็ญใใฟใใ๏ผ
16094:
16080:
15420:
15418:
13317:ๆญณ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใฃใใใใซ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใป
6672:
6551:
3828:Attributive phrase+noun+particle/auxiliary
3508:ใฟใใ๊ใฟ + ใฟใใ โ ใฟใใ๊ใฟใฟใใ or ใฟใใ๊ใฟใใฟ๊ใใ๏ผๆนใฟใใ๏ผ
1990:ใ๊ใใใค๏ผ่ฆชๅ๏ผ โ ใใใใคใฟ๊ or ใใใใค๊ใฟ or ใใใใคใฟ๏ผ่ฆชๅใฟ๏ผ
741:"modern person"): L-H-H-H๊L-L /ษกeNdaI๊Qko/
541:, which has the accent on the fourth mora
15995:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15990:
15858:
15842:
15697:
15477:
15475:
15439:
15344:
15342:
15340:
15338:
15336:
15334:
7029:ใฟใ + ใง โ ใฟใใง + ใ ใ โ ใฟใใง๊ใ ใ or ใฟใใงใ ใ๏ผๆฐดใงใ ใ๏ผ
6611:form's antepenultimate mora is accented:
6272:ใฟใใ๊ใ + ใใใ โ ใฟใใ๊ใใใใ or ใฟใใใใ๊ใใ๏ผ็ญใใใใ๏ผ
3483:ใใใ๊ + ใฎ + ใช๊ใ โ ใใใใฎใช๊ใ or ใใใ๊ใฎใชใ๏ผๆฑฝ่ปใฎไธญ๏ผ
3217:
2679:
824:is followed by one or more syntactically
638:(e.g.: /eu/ > /joR/; /joลฉ/ > /joR/)
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
15973:
15959:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
15933:
15797:
15507:
15490:
15433:
15402:
14954:Accented high-tone words in Osaka, like
14595:The tone-accent system of Osaka dialect
14535:in Hokuriku region (green area on map).
14399:
6805:The auxiliary's first mora is accented.
6739:ใใ๊ใ + ใใใ โ ใใ๊ใใใใ or ใใ๊ใใใ๊ใใ ๏ผ้ซใใใใ ๏ผ
6736:ใใ๊ใ + ใใใ โ ใใ๊ใใใใ or ใใ๊ใใใ๊ใใ ๏ผ้ซใใใใ ๏ผ
6641:ใใใใ โ ใใใใ + ใฏ โ ใใใ๊ใใฏ or ใใใใ๊ใฏ๏ผๆใใใฏ๏ผ
6626:ใใใใ โ ใใใใ + ใฆ โ ใใใ๊ใใฆ or ใใ๊ใใใฆ๏ผๅชใใใฆ๏ผ
6107:The auxiliary's first mora is accented.
5963:The auxiliary's first mora is accented.
5744:The auxiliary's first mora is accented.
5591:The auxiliary's first mora is accented.
5212:The auxiliary's first mora is accented.
5200:The auxiliary's first mora is accented.
5134:ใ๊ใใ + ใฟใใ โ ใ๊ใใใฟใใ or ใ๊ใใใใฟ๊ใใ๏ผๅธฐใใฟใใ๏ผ
5131:ใชใ๊ใ + ใใใ โ ใชใ๊ใใใใ or ใชใ๊ใใใ๊ใใ ๏ผ็ฟใใใใ ๏ผ
1830:ใใใใใ๊ใ or ใใใใใใ๏ผๆใๅใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใ๏ผๆใๅใใ๏ผ
1718:Nouns derived from other parts of speech
197:
32:This article includes a list of general
15800:Japanese Phonetics: Theory and practice
15736:
15459:
15457:
15455:
15453:
15451:
15415:
15348:
7060:ใใน๊ใ + ใจ โ ใใน๊ใใจ + ใงใ โ ใใน๊ใใจใงใ๏ผ้ฃในใใจใงใ๏ผ
6358:The particle's first mora is accented.
5888:
5516:
4360:Group N: ใ ใ. Also behaves like Group J.
4171:The particle's first mora is accented.
3985:The particle's first mora is accented.
3188:
2836:The particle's first mora is accented.
2573:
1802:ใใจใ๊ใ๏ผๆญใ๏ผ โ ใใจใใ๊ or ใใจใ๊ใ or ใใจใใ๏ผๆญใ๏ผ
1683:According to the appendix ใขใฏใปใณใ to the
689:"Hakusan City"): L-H-H๊L-L /hakusa๊Nsi/
17374:
15954:
15649:
15647:
15645:
15643:
15481:
15472:
15424:
15331:
15251:
15249:
15176:
14442:Keihan (KyotoโOsaka)-type dialects of
13361:ใใใ๊ใใใใชใช๊ใใใปใใก๊ใใใใฏใก๊ใใใใใ
๊ใใใใใใ
๊ใใใ
13333:ใใ๊ใฃใใใใชใช๊ใใใใฏใก๊ใใใใใ
๊ใใใใใใ
๊ใฃใใใปใ๊ใฃใใ
6352:The particle's last mora is accented.
4968:
4942:For ่ตทไผ verbs, no accent shift occurs:
4917:
4435:The particle's first mora is accented
3917:Group G: ใใใใใใปใ ใใใคใคใใฆใฏใปใงใฏใใฆใใปใงใใใฆใใปใงใ
3905:
3480:ใกใก๊ + ใฎ + ใใใ โ ใกใกใฎใใใ or ใกใก๊ใฎใใใ๏ผ็ถใฎๅฎข๏ผ
2828:The particle's last mora is accented.
1144:This high pitch spreads to unaccented
734:"Tokyoite"): L-H-H-H๊L-L /toRkjoR๊Qko/
645:(e.g.: /taI/; /tuI/) or arose through
207: Keihan type (downstep plus tone)
16101:
16075:
16012:An Introduction to Japanese Phonology
16009:
15911:
15813:
15463:
15320:
15318:
15304:
15302:
13401:ใใชใช๊ใใใใใฏ๊ใฃใใใใใใ
๊ใใใใใใใ
๊ใฃใใใใปใ๊ใฃใใใ
13349:ใใชใช๊ใกใใใใฏ๊ใฃใกใใใใใ
๊ใใกใใใใใ
๊ใฃใกใใใปใ๊ใฃใกใใ
11915:The so-called "potential form" (ๅฏ่ฝๅฝข,
7057:ใใจใ๊ + ใซ โ ใใจใ๊ใซ + ใงใ โ ใใจใ๊ใซใงใ๏ผ็ทใซใงใ๏ผ
6762:
6295:
5912:
5540:
5159:
5128:ใ๊ใ + ใใใ โ ใ๊ใใใใ or ใ๊ใใใ๊ใใ ๏ผๆฅใใใใ ๏ผ
5051:For the written ๅฝไปคๅฝข of monograde and
5001:For the written ๅฝไปคๅฝข of monograde and
4429:The particle's last mora is accented
4369:
3932:
3864:ใใจใ๊ + ใฎ + ใฒใจ + ใงใ โ ใใจใใฎใฒใจ๊ใงใ๏ผ็ทใฎไบบใงใ๏ผ
3557:
3527:
2803:
2762:
1917:ใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๆใ้ฃใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใ or ใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๆใ้ฃใ๏ผ
1208:accented mora in that first element.
727:"Londoner"): L-H-H-H๊L-L /roNdoN๊Qko/
715:"Sendai City"): L-H-H๊L-L /seNda๊Isi/
702:"Saijล City"): L-H-H๊L-L /saIzjo๊Rsi/
589:type) do not have an accent nucleus.
311:, literally "strong-and-weak accent")
16062:Formulation of Japanese pitch accent
16057:Japanese word accent speech analysis
15937:The Handbook of Japanese Linguistics
15862:The Handbook of Japanese Linguistics
15537:
15518:
15501:The Handbook of Japanese Linguistics
15448:
11919:) of ใใ is the monograde verb ใงใ๊ใ.
6725:Adjectival dictionary form+auxiliary
3855:ใจใชใ + ใฎ + ใใก + ใใ โ ใจใชใใฎใใก๊ใใ๏ผ้ฃใฎๅฎถใใ๏ผ
3505:ใฏ๊ใ + ใฟใใ โ ใฏ๊ใใฟใใ or ใฏ๊ใใใฟ๊ใใ๏ผๆฅใฟใใ๏ผ
2555:ๆๅค๏ผใคใ๊ใใปใฅใใ๏ผ โ ใปใใฅใ๊ใ or ใปใใฅ๊ใใ๏ผๆๆๅค๏ผ
1827:ใฎใใใ๊ใ or ใฎใใ๊ใใ๏ผไนใๆใใ๏ผ โ ใฎใใใ๏ผไนใๆใ๏ผ
1100:da-i + i-chi-ji + se-ka-i-ta-i-se-n
350:
213: Tokyo type (variable downstep)
80:
18:
15640:
15246:
14527:accents are also found in parts of
14161:The accent system of Tokyo dialect
7066:ใ๊ใ + ใจ โ ใ๊ใใจ + ใงใ โ ใ๊ใใจใงใ๏ผ่ชญใใจใงใ๏ผ
6766:Dictionary form+auxiliary's accent
6638:ใใคใ โ ใใคใ + ใฏ โ ใใค๊ใใฏ or ใใคใ๊ใฏ๏ผๅใใฏ๏ผ
6254:Adjectival dictionary form+particle
5163:Dictionary form+auxiliary's accent
1371:
1048:Some compound nouns, such as ๆ ธๅปๆฃ็ฉ (
223:(1-3 pattern) type (fixed downstep)
13:
15914:Shin Meikai Nihongo akusento jiten
15899:(in Japanese). Tokyo: NHKๆพ้ๆๅ็ ็ฉถๆ.
15315:
15299:
15074:has the same pattern as in Osaka.
14575:Kansai dialect ยง Pitch accent
13612:
13591:are unaccented, while only 50% of
12891:
12604:Additional rules for compounding:
7063:ใฏ๊ใ + ใซ โ ใฏ๊ใใซ + ใงใ โ ใฏ๊ใใซใงใ๏ผๆฅใซใงใ๏ผ
6560:้ฃ็จๅฝข of ๅนณๆฟ adjectives are also ๅนณๆฟ:
6299:Dictionary form+particle's accent
4373:Dictionary form+particle's accent
3861:ใใจใ๊ + ใฎ + ใฒใจ + ใ โ ใใจใใฎใฒใจ๊ใ๏ผ็ทใฎไบบใ๏ผ
3849:ใใพ + ใฎ + ใใ + ใงใ โ ใใพใฎใใ๊ใงใ๏ผๅฑฑใฎไธใงใ๏ผ
2708:Trailing particles and auxiliaries
2552:ๅฃๆ๏ผใใก๊ใ๏ผ โ ใฒใ ใใใก๊ใ or ใฒใ ใใ๊ใกใ๏ผๅทฆๅฃๆ๏ผ
2058:
1670:
1097:da-i-i-chi-ji + se-ka-i-ta-i-se-n
561:, producing a falling tone on the
371:NHK Nihongo Hatsuon Akusento Jiten
361:Shin Meikai Nihongo Akusento Jiten
292:, literally "high-and-low accent")
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
17398:
16029:
15879:
15634:Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
15616:Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
15598:Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
15580:Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
15562:Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
15282:Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
15267:Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
15000:in both Osaka and Kagoshima, but
14539:No accent versus one-pattern type
14395:
11646:ใฎ๊ใ + ใคใใ โ ใฎใฟใฅใ๊ใ or ใฎใฟใฅใใ๏ผ้ฃฒใฟ่พใ๏ผ
7071:List of particles and auxiliaries
7032:ใใฃใฆ + ใ ใ โ ใใฃใฆ๊ใ ใ or ใใฃใฆใ ใ๏ผ้ฃใฃใฆใ ใ๏ผ
5831:The ๆช็ถๅฝข's last mora is accented.
5738:The ๆช็ถๅฝข's last mora is accented.
5678:The ๆช็ถๅฝข's last mora is accented.
3991:The ้ฃ็จๅฝข's last mora is accented.
3858:ใจใชใ + ใฎ + ใใก + ใ โ ใจใชใใฎใใก๊ใ ๏ผ้ฃใฎๅฎถใ ๏ผ
3852:ใใชใ + ใฎ + ใใ + ใซ โ ใใชใใฎใใ๊ใซ๏ผๆณใฎไธใซ๏ผ
3487:
2532:ๅคงๅฐ๏ผใ๊ใใใใใปใ ใใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ ๊ใใใใ๏ผ้ค้ฌผๅคงๅฐ๏ผ
2338:็ด๏ผใใฟใปใใฟ๏ผ โ ใกใใใใใฟ or ใกใใใ๊ใใฟ๏ผ็ธฎ็ทฌ็ด๏ผ
2335:้ก๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใญใใ or ใใใใญ๊ใใ๏ผ็ๅฎ้ก๏ผ
2079:
1807:Nouns derived from compound verbs
1796:ใใคใพ๊ใ๏ผ้ใพใ๏ผ โ ใใคใพใ๊ or ใใคใพ๊ใ๏ผ้ใพใ๏ผ
1484:lengthening half of a long vowel
1211:
649:(e.g.: /kakisiro/ > /kaIsiro/)
557:, and then drops suddenly on the
549:, levels out at mid range on the
235: intermediate (TokyoโKeihan)
16042:
15919:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Sanseidล.
15677:10.1016/j.jneuroling.2013.08.001
15444:. Linguistic Society of America.
15116:Correspondences between dialects
13646:Problems playing this file? See
13628:
13624:Normative Japanese pitch accents
13440:ใใใ๊ใฐใใใชใช๊ใฐใใปใใก๊ใฐใใใฏใก๊ใฐใใใใ
๊ใใฐใใป
13421:ใใใ๊ใ ใใใชใช๊ใ ใใปใใก๊ใ ใใใฏใก๊ใ ใใใใ
๊ใใ ใใป
13321:ใใชใช๊ใใใใฏ๊ใฃใใใใใ
๊ใใใใใใ
๊ใฃใใใปใ๊ใฃใใ
11640:ใฎใ + ใคใใ โ ใฎใใฅใ๊ใ or ใฎใใฅใใ๏ผไนใ่พใ๏ผ
11616:
7018:ใฟใ + ใง โ ใฟใใง + ใงใ โ ใฟใใง๊ใงใ๏ผๆฐดใงใงใ๏ผ
6720:ใฟใใ๊ใ โ ใฟใ๊ใใใใฐ or ใฟใใ๊ใใใฐ๏ผ็ญใใใฐ๏ผ
6668:ใใใ๊ใ โ ใใใ๊ใ + ใฆ โ ใใใ๊ใใฆ๏ผๅฌใใใฆ๏ผ
6665:ใใใ๊ใ โ ใใ๊ใใ + ใฆ โ ใใ๊ใใใฆ๏ผๅฌใใใฆ๏ผ
5117:Verbal dictionary form+auxiliary
3477:ใใ๊ใ + ใฎ + ใฏใชใ๊ โ ใใ๊ใใฎใฏใชใ๏ผๆฉๆขฐใฎ่ฉฑ๏ผ
3471:ใใ๊ใ + ใฎ + ใตใใ โ ใใ๊ใใฎใตใใ๏ผ่ณ้ใฎไธ่ถณ๏ผ
2715:
2700:ใจใ + ใ ใใ โ ใจใใ ๊ใใ or ใจใใ ใใ๏ผ้ณฅใ ใใ๏ผ
2569:ๅงๅกไผ๏ผใใ๊ใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๆ่ฒๅงๅกไผ๏ผ
2418:
2376:ๆณ๏ผใปใ๏ผ โ ใใ
ใฃใฑใใปใ or ใใ
ใฃใฑ๊ใใปใ๏ผๅบ็ๆณ๏ผ
2370:ๆฆ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใใใใใ or ใใฃใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๆฑบๅๆฆ๏ผ
2367:่น๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใ
ใใใใใ or ใใ
ใใ๊ใใใ๏ผ็ตฆๆฐด่น๏ผ
2364:็ฝช๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใใ or ใใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๅทๅฎณ็ฝช๏ผ
2341:ๅฃ๏ผใใกใปใใก๏ผ โ ใงใใใใก or ใงใใ๊ใใก๏ผๅบๅ
ฅใๅฃ๏ผ
1964:For ่ตทไผ dictionary forms, unlike
1824:ใใใจใ or ใใใจ๊ใ๏ผๅใๅใ๏ผ โ ใใใจใ๏ผๅใๅใ๏ผ
1382:NHK Nihongo Hatsuon Accent Jiten
493:Note that accent rules apply to
85:
23:
15957:A Reference Grammar of Japanese
15791:
15745:
15730:
15721:
15706:
15691:
15656:
15622:
15604:
15586:
15568:
15550:
15531:
15273:
15258:
15237:
13369:ๅฐ๏ผใ ใ๏ผ โ ใใก๊ใ ใใใซ๊ใ ใใใ๊ใใ ใใใ๊ใใ ใใป
13357:ๅ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใก๊ใใใใซ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใ
13329:่ป๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใฃใใใใซ๊ใใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใใใ
12448:A few patterns can be spotted:
7046:ใฏ๊ใ + ใง โ ใฏ๊ใใง + ใฏ โ ใฏ๊ใใงใฏ๏ผๆฅใงใฏ๏ผ
7040:ใใพ๊ + ใซ โ ใใพ๊ใซ + ใฏ โ ใใพ๊ใซใฏ๏ผๅฑฑใซใฏ๏ผ
6662:ใฟใใ๊ใ โ ใฟใใ๊ใ + ใฆ โ ใฟใใ๊ใใฆ๏ผ็ญใใฆ๏ผ
6659:ใฟใใ๊ใ โ ใฟใ๊ใใ + ใฆ โ ใฟใ๊ใใใฆ๏ผ็ญใใฆ๏ผ
4340:Verbal dictionary form+particle
3846:ใใพ + ใฎ + ใใ + ใซ โ ใใพใฎใใ๊ใซ๏ผๅฑฑใฎไธใซ๏ผ
2748:ใใ๊ใ + ใฐใใ โ ใใ๊ใใฐใใ or ใใใใฐ๊ใใ
2745:ใใ๊ใ + ใใใ โ ใใ๊ใใใใ or ใใใใ๊ใใ
2456:ไผ็คพ๏ผใใใใใปใใใใ๏ผ โ ใใถใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ๏ผ
1994:
1960:ใใใใ๏ผ็ๅฃ๏ผ โ ใใใใใฟ or ใใใ๊ใใฟ๏ผ็ๅฃใฟ๏ผ
1799:ใใฉใ๊ใ๏ผ้ฉใ๏ผ โ ใใฉใใ๊ or ใใฉใ๊ใ๏ผ้ฉใ๏ผ
1723:Nouns derived from single verbs
1114:
391:
241: intermediate (Tokyoโnone)
15396:
15383:
15369:
15227:' is in Tokyo but in Osaka.
15112:+1 = 7) for three-mora words.
7021:ใชใ + ใจ โ ใชใใจ + ใ โ ใชใใจ๊ใ ๏ผๆณฃใใจใ ๏ผ
6967:forms of adjectives. The mora
6618:ใคใใใ โ ใคใใใ + ใฆ โ ใคใใ๊ใใฆ๏ผๅทใใใฆ๏ผ
3867:ใใชใ + ใจใใ + ใธ โ ใใชใใจใใ๊ใธ๏ผๅใๆใธ๏ผ
2379:ๅค๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใ or ใใใใ๊ใใ๏ผๆถๅๅค๏ผ
2373:ๆ๏ผใถใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใถใ or ใใใ๊ใใถใ๏ผๅ
ฌ็จๆ๏ผ
2355:็๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใ or ใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผ่
่็๏ผ
2012:ใใถใชใ๏ผๅฑใชใ๏ผ โ ใใถใชใ or ใใถใช๊ใ๏ผๅฑใชๆฐ๏ผ
1914:ใใใฉ๊ใ๏ผ้ญใ๏ผ โ ใใ๊ใฉใ or ใใใฉ๊ใ๏ผ้ญใ๏ผ
1836:ใใใ ใใ๊ใ๏ผ็ผใๅบใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ ใใ๏ผ็ผใๅบใใ๏ผ
671:"Chiba City"): L-H๊L /tiba๊si/
412:If the accent is on the first
409:(literally, "rise-and-fall"):
345:, literally "strength accent")
174:{{Translated|ja|ๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎๆน่จใฎใขใฏใปใณใ}}
172:You may also add the template
1:
15991:Shibatani, Masayoshi (1990).
15739:Evidence and Counter-Evidence
15702:. Cambridge University Press.
15698:Shibatani, Masayoshi (1990).
15292:
14940:Low tone is considered to be
12990:ๆ๏ผใใค๏ผ (ordinal) โ ใใกใใค๊ใใซใใค๊ใ
7007:ใฟใ + ใง โ ใฟใใง + ใฏ โ ใฟใใง๊ใฏ๏ผๆฐดใงใฏ๏ผ
6630:With ใฏ in particular, the ๅนณๆฟ
3474:ใตใ๊ใ + ใฎ + ใฒใจ โ ใตใ๊ใใฎใฒใจ๏ผไป่ฟใฎไบบ๏ผ
3468:ใตใ๊ + ใฎ + ใใใ โ ใตใ๊ใฎใใใ๏ผไธๅธฐใฎๅฎข๏ผ
3465:ใฒใใ๊ + ใฎ + ใฒใจ โ ใฒใใ๊ใฎใฒใจ๏ผ็งๆธใฎไบบ๏ผ
3241:ใใใฟ๊ + ใฎ + ใใซ โ ใใใฟ๊ใฎใใซ๏ผ็ธๆจกใฎๅฝ๏ผ
3238:ใฟใใ๊ + ใฎ + ใใซ โ ใฟใใ๊ใฎใใซ๏ผไธๆฒณใฎๅฝ๏ผ
2515:้ญ๏ผใ๊ใพใใใปใ ใพใใ๏ผ โ ใใพใจใ ๊ใพใใ๏ผๅคงๅ้ญ๏ผ
2352:ๆฒน๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใใ
ใใใคใ or ใใ
ใใใค๊ใ๏ผๆฝคๆปๆฒน๏ผ
1940:nouns derived from adjectives
1847:nouns derived from adjectives
1252:vs "bridge" hashi and "nose"
970:Dai-ichiji-Sekai-Taisen-de-wa
948:Dai-ichiji-Sekai-Taisen-de-wa
618:(e.g.: /yomite/ > /yoNde/)
592:Unlike regular morae or ่ช็ซๆ (
385:Japanese: The Spoken Language
17238:Kanji pronunciation sources
17012:Katakana Phonetic Extensions
14598:
14513:In the Shuri dialect of the
13556:Group H14: With exceptions:
13521:Group H13: With exceptions:
13509:Group H12: With exceptions:
13497:Group H11: With exceptions:
13473:Group H10: With exceptions:
11662:
11655:ใใใน๊ใ + ใซใ๊ใ โ ใใในใซใ๊ใ๏ผ่ชฟในๆใ๏ผ
6656:ใใค๊ใ โ ใ๊ใคใ + ใฆ โ ใ๊ใคใใฆ๏ผ็ฑใใฆ๏ผ
3872:Adverbial+particle/auxiliary
3462:ใใ๊ + ใฎ + ใจใ๊ โ ใใ๊ใฎใจใ๏ผๅฑๆฉใฎๆ๏ผ
2558:็ฉ่ช๏ผใใฎใ๊ใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใฎใ๊ใใ๏ผๆบๆฐ็ฉ่ช๏ผ
2385:ไบบ๏ผใซใ๏ผ โ ใใใใซใ or ใใใ๊ใซใ๏ผ็่ญทไบบ๏ผ
2382:ๅบ๏ผใฆใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใใฆใ or ใใฃใ๊ใฆใ๏ผๅซ่ถๅบ๏ผ
2361:่จ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใ or ใใใ๊ใใ๏ผๆด้จ่จ๏ผ
2358:่ฆ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใ or ใใ๊ใใใ๏ผ่ช่ก่ฆ๏ผ
1839:ใใใใใ๊ใ๏ผ่ญฒใๆธกใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใ๏ผ่ญฒใๆธกใ๏ผ
1395:(2) If the second mora is a
1388:(1) If the second mora is a
1108:H๊L + L-H๊L + L-H-H-H๊L-L-L
581:An "accent nucleus" (ใขใฏใปใณใๆ ธ
330:, literally "height accent")
256:that distinguishes words by
202:Japanese pitch-accent types
7:
17347:Speculative fiction writers
16906:Transcription into Japanese
15974:McCawley, James D. (1968).
15843:Haraguchi, Shosuke (1977).
15665:Journal of Neurolinguistics
15440:Haraguchi, Shosuke (1979).
15004:'oval face' is accented on
14561:
14555:
14549:
14382:
14354:
14334:
14306:
14286:
14266:
14241:
14219:
14197:
14132:
13449:Group H9: With exceptions:
13406:Group H8: With exceptions:
13386:Group H7: With exceptions:
13366:Group H6: With exceptions:
13354:Group H5: With exceptions:
13338:Group H4: With exceptions:
13326:Group H3: With exceptions:
13314:Group H2: With exceptions:
13235:Group F6: With exceptions:
13204:Group F5: With exceptions:
13180:Group F4: With exceptions:
13156:Group F3: With exceptions:
13136:Group F2: With exceptions:
13070:Group E5: With exceptions:
13034:ๅบฆ๏ผใฉ๏ผ (cardinal) โ ใใกใฉ๊ใใซใฉ๊ใ
13031:Group E4: With exceptions:
13007:Group E3: With exceptions:
12987:Group E2: With exceptions:
12948:Group D3: With exceptions:
12924:Group D2: With exceptions:
11922:
11649:ใใในใ + ใซใ๊ใ โ ใใในใซใ๊ใ๏ผๆฏในๆใ๏ผ
11643:ใใใน๊ใ + ใคใใ โ ใใในใฅใ๊ใ๏ผ่ชฟใน่พใ๏ผ
7043:ใชใ๊ใฃใฆ + ใใ โ ใชใ๊ใฃใฆใใ๏ผ็ฟใฃใฆใใ๏ผ
6999:Particle/auxiliary+particle
6595:ใใใ๊ใ โ ใใ๊ใใ or ใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅฌใใ๏ผ
5066:ใใใ๊ใ โ *ใใ๊ใใ โ ใ๊ใใใ๏ผไฟกใใ๏ผ
3843:ใใใ + ใฒ + ใ โ ใใใใฒ๊ใ ๏ผใใใๆฅใ ๏ผ
3840:ใใใ + ใฒ + ใฏ โ ใใใใฒ๊ใฏ๏ผใใใๆฅใฏ๏ผ
3837:ใใใช + ใฒ + ใซ โ ใใใชใฒ๊ใซ๏ผใใใชๆฅใซ๏ผ
3441:ใตใ๊ + ใฎ + ใ๊ใฟ โ ใตใใฎ๊ใใฟ๏ผ็ฆใฎ็ฅ๏ผ
3235:ใฟใฎ๊ + ใฎ + ใใซ โ ใฟใฎ๊ใฎใใซ๏ผ็พๆฟใฎๅฝ๏ผ
3232:ใจใ๊ + ใฎ + ใใซ โ ใจใ๊ใฎใใซ๏ผๅไฝใฎๅฝ๏ผ
3229:ใใ๊ + ใฎ + ใใซ โ ใใ๊ใฎใใซ๏ผไฝๆใฎๅฝ๏ผ
2544:ๆ็๏ผใใ๊ใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใ๊ใใ๏ผ่ฅฟๆดๆ็๏ผ
2535:ไบๆฅญ๏ผใ๊ใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผ็คพไผไบๆฅญ๏ผ
2471:ๆพ้๏ผใปใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใป๊ใใใ๏ผๆ่ฒๆพ้๏ผ
2344:้ขจ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใฟใชใฟใใ or ใฟใชใฟ๊ใใ๏ผๅ้ขจ๏ผ
2070:
1640:
1198:"try putting on the head")
756:
513:" plus the subject-marker "
334:
319:
300:
281:
144:will aid in categorization.
10:
17403:
16265:Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka
15955:Martin, Samuel E. (1975).
15884:(in Japanese). Tokyo: ๆฑไบฌๅ .
15802:. Munichen: Lincom Europa.
15798:Akamatsu, Tsutomu (1997).
15379:. Walter de Gruyter. 2015.
15349:Labrune, Laurence (2012).
14572:
13377:ใใใ๊ใ ใใใชใช๊ใ ใใใฏใก๊ใ ใใใใ
๊ใใ ใใป
11637:ใใในใ + ใคใใ โ ใใในใฅใ๊ใ๏ผๆฏใน่พใ๏ผ
7088:Particles and auxiliaries
6765:
6615:ใใคใ โ ใใคใ + ใฆ โ ใใค๊ใใฆ๏ผๅใใฆ๏ผ
6592:ใฟใใ๊ใ โ ใฟใ๊ใใ or ใฟใใ๊ใ๏ผ็ญใ๏ผ
6574:The accent nucleus of the
6298:
5962:
5211:
3584:
3226:ใคใ๊ + ใฎ + ใฒใจ โ ใคใ๊ใฎใฒใจ๏ผๆฌกใฎไบบ๏ผ
3213:ใใ
ใใใ
๊ใ + ใฎ โ ใใ
ใใใ
ใใฎ๏ผ็็ใฎ๏ผ
2730:ใใใ + ใใ โ ใใใใใ or ใใใ๊ใใ
2566:่ฉฆ้จ๏ผใใ๊ใ๏ผ โ ใซใ
ใใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅ
ฅ็คพ่ฉฆ้จ๏ผ
2541:็ฅ็คพ๏ผใ๊ใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๆฅๆฅ็ฅ็คพ๏ผ
2465:ๅ
ฌๅ๏ผใใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใคใ๊ใใใ๏ผๅฝ็ซๅ
ฌๅ๏ผ
2459:ๅญฆๆ ก๏ผใใฃใใ๏ผ โ ใใใจใใ๊ใฃใใ๏ผ้ซ็ญๅญฆๆ ก๏ผ
2448:่ฆ่ใ๏ผใฟใพใ๏ผ โ ใณใใใใฟ๊ใพใ๏ผ็
ๆฐ่ฆ่ใ๏ผ
2428:่๏ผใใใใปใใใ๏ผ โ ใจใฎใใพใ๊ใใ๏ผๆฎฟๆง่๏ผ
1833:ใใฎใณใช๊ใ๏ผๅฟใณๆณฃใ๏ผ โ ใใฎใณใชใ๏ผๅฟใณๆณฃใ๏ผ
1556:morphologically bound /i/
1105:H๊L-L-L-L + L-H-H-H๊L-L-L
990:hifukugลgoka fukugล meishi
532:In poetry, a word such as
119:Machine translation, like
17322:
17262:
17214:
17056:
16914:
16856:
16798:
16733:
16724:
16633:
16608:
16599:
16551:
16524:
16447:
16321:
16149:
16140:
16109:
16041:
16036:
15541:
15522:
15352:The phonology of Japanese
15204:
15195:
14939:
14930:
14919:
14907:
14896:
14887:
14870:
14861:
14850:
14841:
14818:
14801:
14798:
14788:
14776:
14750:
14739:
14730:
14707:
14690:
14681:
14670:
14661:
14638:
14621:
14618:
14569:Keihan (KyotoโOsaka type)
14463:Kyushu (two-pattern type)
14376:
14366:
14348:
14328:
14300:
14280:
14260:
14235:
14213:
14191:
14126:
14108:
14092:
14040:
14032:
14012:
13987:
13976:
13968:
13943:
13926:
13909:
13884:
13867:
13850:
13831:
13823:
13806:
13781:
13764:
13747:
13722:
13705:
13688:
13668:
13665:
13662:
13159:้ญ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใ๊ใใใซใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใ
13139:ๅ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใ๊ใใใซใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใ
12372:
12252:
12096:
11956:
11953:
11667:The NHKๆฅๆฌ่ช็บ้ณใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ, the
11658:ใฎ๊ใ + ใซใ๊ใ โ ใฎใฟใซใ๊ใ๏ผ้ฃฒใฟๆใ๏ผ
11604:
11588:
11570:
11554:
11535:
11496:
11478:
11462:
11455:
11429:
11420:
11404:
11397:
11383:
11376:
11358:
11351:
11309:
11298:
11272:
11263:
11237:
11228:
11210:
11203:
11189:
11182:
11144:
11111:
10990:
10962:
10946:
10939:
10811:
10784:
10738:
10725:
10711:
10704:
10686:
10679:
10635:
10622:
10600:
10593:
10468:
10349:
10261:
10247:
10240:
10206:
10044:
9866:
9722:
9309:
9281:
9259:
9250:
9234:
9149:
8562:
8542:
8497:
8481:
7966:
7761:
7733:
7469:
7381:
7365:
7087:
7049:ใ๊ในใฆ + ใใ โ ใ๊ในใฆใใ๏ผ้ฃในใฆใใ๏ผ
6889:
6884:
6879:
6867:
6822:
6816:
6810:
6804:
6792:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6763:Dictionary form's accent
6653:ใช๊ใ โ ใช๊ใ + ใฆ โ ใช๊ใใฆ๏ผ็กใใฆ๏ผ
6463:
6458:
6451:
6446:
6429:
6371:
6365:
6357:
6351:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6296:Dictionary form's accent
6190:
6178:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6106:
6100:
6088:
6085:
6031:
6013:
6010:
6007:
5957:
5952:
5940:
5937:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5913:Dictionary form's accent
5830:
5812:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5719:
5716:
5677:
5659:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5568:
5565:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5541:Dictionary form's accent
5443:
5363:
5358:
5346:
5343:
5289:
5205:
5199:
5187:
5184:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5160:Dictionary form's accent
4804:
4686:
4681:
4674:
4669:
4652:
4649:
4565:
4448:
4442:
4434:
4428:
4411:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4372:
4370:Dictionary form's accent
4270:
4265:
4260:
4248:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4152:
4140:
4137:
4072:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3979:
3965:
3962:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:Dictionary form's accent
3762:
3699:
3652:
3647:
3632:
3629:
3578:
3572:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3530:
3246:Noun+ใฎ+noun fixed phrases
3096:
3021:
3004:
2941:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2904:
2901:
2835:
2827:
2820:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2765:
2538:ไธป็พฉ๏ผใใ
๊ใ๏ผ โ ใฟใใใ
ใใ
๊ใ๏ผๆฐไธปไธป็พฉ๏ผ
2521:็จฒ่ท๏ผใ๊ใชใ๏ผ โ ใจใใใใ๊ใชใ๏ผ่ฑๅท็จฒ่ท๏ผ
2504:้ๅ
ท๏ผใฉใใ๊๏ผ โ ใฏใชใใใฉ๊ใใ๏ผ่ฑๅซ้ๅ
ท๏ผ
2462:้่ก๏ผใใใใ๏ผ โ ใซใปใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๆฅๆฌ้่ก๏ผ
2241:ๅฐๅฑ๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใใฟใใใใ๏ผ็ญ็ผใๅฐๅฑ๏ผ
1906:ใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๆฐใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใ๏ผๆฐใใ๏ผ
1628:
1605:
1583:
1580:
1558:
1538:
1509:
1489:
1483:
1464:
1306:
763:
534:
482:
467:
458:
449:
436:
430:(literally, "head-high").
423:
402:
375:
365:
341:
326:
317:. An alternative term is
307:
288:
100:the corresponding article
16:Japanese language feature
17132:Sino-Japanese vocabulary
16591:Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
15916:
15896:
15881:
15503:. Wiley-Blackwell. 2002.
15403:Kubozono, Haruo (1987).
15230:
15100:+1 possibilities, where
14579:Near the old capital of
14451:southern Tohoku, around
14149:+1 possibilities, where
14048:In isolation, the words
13002:ใใใ
ใใใค๊ใใใ
ใใใกใใค๊ใใใ
ใใซใใค๊
11652:ใฎใ + ใซใ๊ใ โ ใฎใใซใ๊ใ๏ผไนใๆใ๏ผ
7010:ใใฃใฆ + ใใ โ ใใฃใฆ๊ใใ๏ผ้ฃใฃใฆใใ๏ผ
6959:Adjectival ๆช็ถๅฝข+auxiliary
5112:ใฆใคใ ๊ใ + ใ โ ใฆใคใ ๊ใใ๏ผๆไผใใ๏ผ
5100:ใใใ๊ใ + ใ โ ใใใ๊ใใ๏ผไฟกใใใ๏ผ
5097:ใใใน๊ใ + ใ โ ใใใน๊ใใ๏ผ่ชฟในใใ๏ผ
5080:ใใใใ๊ + ใ โ ใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๆใใใ๏ผ
5077:ใใในใ๊ + ใ โ ใใในใ๊ใ๏ผๆฏในใใ๏ผ
3531:Noun+auxiliary's accent
3438:ใใ + ใฎ + ใ๊ โ ใใใฎ๊ใ๏ผๆข
ใฎๆจ๏ผ
3207:ใกใใใ๊ใ + ใฎ โ ใกใใใใใฎ๏ผๆ้ฎฎใฎ๏ผ
2703:ใญ๊ใ + ใ ใใ โ ใญใใ ๊ใใ๏ผ็ซใ ใใ๏ผ
2688:ใใ + ใ โ ใใ๊ใ โ ใ๊ใใ๏ผไฟบ็ญ๏ผ
2518:่่ ๏ผใ๊ใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๅฎถ่่ ๏ผ
2507:ๅฐ็๏ผใใใ๊๏ผ โ ใใใใ๊ใใ๏ผ่ฉฆ้จๅฐ็๏ผ
2496:็ธๆ๏ผใใใฆ๊๏ผ โ ใฏใชใใ๊ใใฆ๏ผ่ฉฑใ็ธๆ๏ผ
2468:ๆไปฃ๏ผใใ ใ๏ผ โ ใจใใใใ๊ใ ใ๏ผๅพณๅทๆไปฃ๏ผ
2399:ๅ๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใ๊ใ๏ผ็ธๅใๅ๏ผ
2294:ไธญ๏ผใกใ
ใใปใใ
ใ๏ผ โ ใใใใกใ
ใ๏ผๅๅไธญ๏ผ
2226:็๏ผใใพใปใ ใพ๏ผ โ ใทใฃใใณใ ใพ๏ผใทใฃใใณ็๏ผ
1821:ใใใ๊ใ๏ผ่จใๅใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๏ผ่จใๅใ๏ผ
1425:Type of the second mora
1177:Phonemic accent pattern
1156:) words and unaccented (
1037:shi-n-kyu-u + ko-o-ta-i
986:fukugลgoka fukugล meishi
17078:Godan and ichidan verbs
16896:Jลdai Tokushu Kanazukai
16010:Vance, Timothy (1987).
15464:Poser, William (1985).
15425:Tanaka, Ishiki (2017).
6673:Adjectival ไปฎๅฎๅฝข+particle
6552:Adjectival ้ฃ็จๅฝข+particle
5916:้ฃ็จๅฝข+auxiliary's accent
5544:ๆช็ถๅฝข+auxiliary's accent
5086:ใใใชใ๊ + ใ โ ใใใชใ๊ใ๏ผ่กใใ๏ผ
2766:Noun+particle's accent
2529:่ๅญ๏ผใ๊ใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใชใพใ๊ใ๏ผ็่ๅญ๏ผ
2485:ๆต๏ผใใใ๊ใปใใใ๏ผ โ ใใ๊ใใ๏ผ็ขๆต๏ผ
2440:ๅฐ๏ผใใใใปใใใ๏ผ โ ใปใใ๊ใใ๏ผๆๅฐ๏ผ
2437:ๆก๏ผใใใใปใใใ๏ผ โ ใใพใ๊ใใ๏ผๅฑฑๆก๏ผ
2431:่ฌ๏ผใใใใปใใใ๏ผ โ ใใชใ๊ใใ๏ผ็ฒ่ฌ๏ผ
2321:็ฑณ๏ผใพใ๏ผ โ ใคใณใใฃใซใพใ๏ผใคใณใใฃใซ็ฑณ๏ผ
2309:็๏ผใฏใใปใฐใ๏ผ โ ใใ
ใใใคใฐใ๏ผ็ธฎๅท็๏ผ
2108:ๅฒณ๏ผใใใปใ ใ๏ผ โ ใใซใใ๊ใ ใ๏ผ่ฐทๅทๅฒณ๏ผ
2105:้ฎจ๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๊ใใ๏ผๅคง้ช้ฎจ๏ผ
2054:ใใใ๊ใ๏ผ่ฆใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใ๏ผ่ฆใๆฐ๏ผ
1903:ใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅฌใใ๏ผ โ ใใ๊ใใ๏ผๅฌใใ๏ผ
1422:Phonemic transcription
1317:) and medial-accented (
1186:"swimming in the sea")
1069:ka-ku + ha-i-ki-bu-tsu
982:Dai-ichiji-Sekai-Taisen
978:Dai-ichiji-Sekai-Taisen
974:Dai-ichiji-Sekai-Taisen
925:Dai-ichiji-Sekai-Taisen
183:For more guidance, see
53:more precise citations.
15993:The Languages of Japan
15700:The Languages of Japan
15482:Sakuma, Kanae (1919).
14405:
14116:the frog will go home)
13666:Accent on second mora
13617:
13389:ๅ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใฃใใใใใซ๊ใใใใ
13010:ๅฐบ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใใใ๊ใใซใใใ๊ใ
12927:ๅ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใกใใใใซใใใใใใใใ
12474:Compounds from 11-19:
11634:ใฎ๊ใ + ใ๊ใฆ โ ใฎใฟใใฆ๏ผ้ฃฒใฟ็ซใฆ๏ผ
8540:ใ (adjectival suffix)
6712:ใใใ๊ใ โ ใใ๊ใใใใฐ๏ผๅฌใใใใฐ๏ผ
5525:Group h: ใใใปใใใใใใใปใใใ
3936:้ฃ็จๅฝข+particle's accent
3218:Nominal ๅฐพ้ซ exception+ใฎ
3204:ใซใฃใฝ๊ใ + ใฎ โ ใซใฃใฝใใฎ๏ผๆฅๆฌใฎ๏ผ
2680:Particle-like suffixes
2613:ใใ๊ใฒใ + ใกใใ โ ใใ๊ใฒใใกใใ
2488:็ฅญใ๏ผใพใคใ๊๏ผ โ ใใใพ๊ใคใ๏ผๆ็ฅญใ๏ผ
2434:่ป๏ผใใใพใปใใใพ๏ผ โ ใซใ๊ใใพ๏ผ่ท่ป๏ผ
2408:่น๏ผใตใญใปใถใญ๏ผ โ ใใใใถ๊ใญ๏ผๆธกใ่น๏ผ
2405:ๆ๏ผใคใใปใฅใ๏ผ โ ใพใคใฐใฅ๊ใ๏ผๆพ่ๆ๏ผ
2402:็ฉบ๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใใใฎใ๊ใ๏ผไธใฎ็ฉบ๏ผ
2396:้จ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใฎใ๊ใ๏ผ้ฃใใใฎ้จ๏ผ
2288:็ท๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใจใใใใฉใใใ๏ผๆฑๆตท้็ท๏ผ
2229:ๅฏบ๏ผใฆใใปใงใ๏ผ โ ใใใฟใใงใ๏ผๆธ
ๆฐดๅฏบ๏ผ
2223:้ข๏ผใคใใปใฅใ๏ผ โ ใใใ
ใใฅใ๏ผๅๅ้ข๏ผ
2214:้๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใฉใฒใใใใ๏ผๅไฟต้๏ผ
2185:ๅ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๅคง้ชๅ๏ผ
2179:ๅฎ๏ผใใ
ใ๏ผ โ ใใใใฉ๊ใใ
ใ๏ผๆตๅๅฎ๏ผ
2167:ๅฑ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใฌใ๊ใใใ๏ผใใฌใๅฑ๏ผ
2111:้ถ๏ผใจใใปใฉใ๏ผ โ ใใชใ๊ใฉใ๏ผๅฐพ้ท้ถ๏ผ
2102:ๅท๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใใฟใ ๊ใใ๏ผ้
็ฐๅท๏ผ
1793:ใคใจใ๊ใ๏ผๅคใใ๏ผ โ ใคใจใ๊๏ผๅคใ๏ผ
1790:ใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅฉใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊๏ผๅฉใ๏ผ
1693:ใใในใ โ ใใใน๊ or ใใใน๏ผๆฏใน๏ผ
1678:
243:
17183:Court lady language (
16653:Southern Amami ลshima
16586:Yilan Creole Japanese
15978:. The Hague: Mouton.
15912:Kindaichi, Haruhiko.
14403:
13663:Accent on first mora
13616:
11631:ใฎใ + ใ๊ใฆ โ ใฎใใใฆ๏ผไนใ็ซใฆ๏ผ
6747:Group o: ใ ใใใใงใใใใใใใ
6690:ใใใใ โ ใใ๊ใใใใฐ๏ผๅชใใใใฐ๏ผ
6687:ใคใใใ โ ใคใใ๊ใใใฐ๏ผๅทใใใใฐ๏ผ
5109:ใชใ๊ใ + ใ โ ใชใ๊ใใ๏ผ็ฟใใ๏ผ
5106:ใ๊ใใ + ใ โ ใ๊ใใใ๏ผๅธฐใใ๏ผ
2482:่กจ๏ผใใใฆ๊๏ผ โ ใใใฟใ๊ใใฆ๏ผ็ณ่กจ๏ผ
2318:็
๏ผใณใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใณใใ๏ผๅฟ่็
๏ผ
2270:้ก๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใใ๏ผไธ้ข้ก๏ผ
2220:็ธ๏ผใใพใปใใพ๏ผ โ ใใใใใพ๏ผๆ ผๅญ็ธ๏ผ
2217:็ต๏ผใใฟใปใใฟ๏ผ โ ใใซใใใฟ๏ผไบไบบ็ต๏ผ
2208:้ซช๏ผใใฟใปใใฟ๏ผ โ ใซใปใใใฟ๏ผๆฅๆฌ้ซช๏ผ
2205:ๅ๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใฒใพใใใ๏ผ่ฅๆบๅ๏ผ
2194:ๅ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใใ๏ผๆ่จๅ๏ผ
2191:ๆ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใงใใ๊ใใใ๏ผ้ป่ฉฑๆ๏ผ
2182:็๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใถ๊ใใใ๏ผๆ้จ็๏ผ
2176:ๅผ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใซใ
ใใใ๊ใใ๏ผๅ
ฅๅญฆๅผ๏ผ
2173:็๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใชใใ๊ใใ๏ผ็ฅๅฅๅท็๏ผ
2170:้ก๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใซใใใพ๊ใใ๏ผ่ฅฟๅคๆฉ้ก๏ผ
2117:่ซ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใฆใใจใ๊ใใ๏ผ็นๅใ่ซ๏ผ
1957:ใใใใ๏ผๆใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใฟ๏ผๆใใฟ๏ผ
1932:ใ๊ใใ๏ผๅ
ๆฐ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅ
ๆฐใ๏ผ
1929:ใ๊ใใ๏ผๆใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใ๏ผๆใใ๏ผ
1870:ใใใใ๏ผๆญฃ็ขบ๏ผ โ ใใใใใ๏ผๆญฃ็ขบใ๏ผ
1867:ใคใใใ๏ผๅทใใ๏ผ โ ใคใใใ๏ผๅทใใ๏ผ
1749:ใใใใ๏ผ่ใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๏ผ่ใใ๏ผ
1146:grammatical particles
1066:ka-ku-ha-i-ki-bu-tsu
919:) + ไธ็ (sekai) + ๅคงๆฆ (
754:school of grammar as
711:): H๊L-L-L > ไปๅฐๅธ (
698:): H๊L-L-L > ่ฅฟๆกๅธ (
685:): H๊L-L-L > ็ฝๅฑฑๅธ (
332:which contrasts with
201:
185:Knowledge:Translation
156:copyright attribution
17002:Small Kana Extension
16613:Eastern Old Japanese
16252:Northern Izu Islands
15847:. Tokyo: Kaitakusha.
14792:(few words, if any)
14553:. This is called an
14545:Miyakonojล, Miyazaki
14175:three-syllable word
13550:ใใ
ใฃใ๊ใใใปใใฃใ๊ใใใปใจใ๊ใใ
13512:ๆ๏ผใคใ๏ผ โ ใฒใจ๊ใคใใใตใ๊ใคใใป
5889:Verbal ้ฃ็จๅฝข+auxiliary
5517:Verbal ๆช็ถๅฝข+auxiliary
3210:ใใฎ๊ใ + ใฎ โ ใใฎใใฎ๏ผๆจๆฅใฎ๏ผ
3201:ใซใป๊ใ + ใฎ โ ใซใปใใฎ๏ผๆฅๆฌใฎ๏ผ
3189:Noun ending in ็นๆฎๆ+ใฎ
2727:ใฏ + ใใ โ ใฏใใ or ใฏ๊ใใ
2697:ใญ๊ใ + ใใก โ ใญ๊ใใใก๏ผ็ซ้๏ผ
2650:ใใ๊ใฒใ + ใใ โ ใใ๊ใฒใใใ
2633:ใใ๊ใฒใ + ใฉใฎ โ ใใ๊ใฒใใฉใฎ
2630:ใใพ๊ใใ + ใฉใฎ โ ใใพ๊ใใใฉใฎ
2616:ใฏ๊ใชใ + ใกใใ โ ใฏ๊ใชใใกใใ
2599:ใใพ๊ใใ + ใใ โ ใใพ๊ใใใใ
2585:ใใพ๊ใใ + ใใพ โ ใใพ๊ใใใใพ
2574:Proper name suffixes
2479:้ ญ๏ผใใใพ๊๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใพ๏ผ็ณ้ ญ๏ผ
2411:็ช๏ผใพใฉ๏ผ โ ใฌใฉในใพ๊ใฉ๏ผใฌใฉใน็ช๏ผ
2327:ๆต๏ผใใ
ใ๏ผ โ ใซใจใใใ
ใ๏ผไบๅๆต๏ผ
2315:่กจ๏ผใฒใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใฒใใ๏ผๆ้่กจ๏ผ
2276:ๅ ด๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใ๏ผ่ฉฆ้จๅ ด๏ผ
2273:ๆ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใฆใใใใใ๏ผๅคฉ็ๆ๏ผ
2211:ๅด๏ผใใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใฒใ ใใใ๏ผๅทฆๅด๏ผ
2188:้๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ ๊ใใ๏ผๆก็ฐ้๏ผ
2152:ๅก๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๊ใใ๏ผไผ็คพๅก๏ผ
2099:ๆญ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใ๏ผ็ฐๆคใๆญ๏ผ
2096:ๅญ๏ผใใปใ๏ผ โ ใกใฎใฟ๊ใ๏ผไนณ้ฃฒใฟๅญ๏ผ
1818:ใใ๊ใ๏ผไป็ตใ๏ผ โ ใใใฟ๏ผไป็ตใฟ๏ผ
1815:ใซใ๊ใ๏ผไผผๅใ๏ผ โ ใซใใ๏ผไผผๅใ๏ผ
1787:ใจ๊ใใ๏ผ้ใ๏ผ โ ใจใใ๊๏ผ้ใ๏ผ
1784:ใ๊ใใ๏ผๅธฐใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊๏ผๅธฐใ๏ผ
1781:ใฒใ๊ใ๏ผๅ
ใ๏ผ โ ใฒใใ๊๏ผๅ
ใ๏ผ
1778:ใฏใช๊ใ๏ผ่ฉฑใ๏ผ โ ใฏใชใ๊๏ผ่ฉฑใ๏ผ
1775:ใฏใ๊ใ๏ผๆฅใใ๏ผ โ ใฏใ๊๏ผๆฅใ๏ผ
1772:ใใก๊ใ๏ผ่ฝใกใ๏ผ โ ใใก๊๏ผ่ฝใก๏ผ
1620:"sign; indication")
636:Late Middle Japanese
298:. It contrasts with
252:is a feature of the
16553:Pidgins and creoles
15546:. Osaka University.
15527:. Osaka University.
15177:Syllabic and moraic
14996:is accented on the
14596:
14162:
14067:"at", for example,
14056:hร shรญ "bridge" and
13488:ใใใ๊ใญใใใใก๊ใญใใใฏใก๊ใญใใ
13476:ๅนด๏ผใญใ๏ผ โ ใใก๊ใญใใใซ๊ใญใใ
13464:ใใใ๊ใซใใใใก๊ใซใใใฏใก๊ใซใใ
13452:ไบบ๏ผใซใ๏ผ โ ใใก๊ใซใใใซ๊ใซใใ
13428:็ช๏ผใฐใ๏ผ โ ใใก๊ใฐใใใซ๊ใฐใใ
13409:ๆฎต๏ผใ ใ๏ผ โ ใใก๊ใ ใใใซ๊ใ ใใ
13207:ๅ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใกใ๊ใใใซใ๊ใใ
13183:ๅฏธ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใ๊ใใใซใ๊ใใ
12998:ใใใใใค๊ใใใกใใค๊ใใฏใกใใค๊ใ
7106:่ตทไผ pentagrade verb
7100:ๅนณๆฟ pentagrade verb
6709:ใใค๊ใ โ ใ๊ใคใใใฐ๏ผ็ฑใใใฐ๏ผ
5103:ใช๊ใ + ใ โ ใช๊ใใ๏ผๆใใ๏ผ
5094:ใ๊ใ + ใ โ ใ๊ใใ๏ผๅฐใใ๏ผ
5083:ใชใ๊ + ใ โ ใชใ๊ใ๏ผ้ณดใใ๏ผ
5074:ใใ๊ + ใ โ ใใ๊ใ๏ผๅฑ
ใใ๏ผ
4969:Verbal ๅฝไปคๅฝข+particle
4918:Verbal ไปฎๅฎๅฝข+particle
3906:Verbal ้ฃ็จๅฝข+particle
3901:ใพใฃใใ + ใงใ โ ใพใฃใใ๊ใงใ
3892:ใใใใ + ใงใ โ ใใใใ๊ใงใ
2694:ใจใ + ใใก โ ใจใ๊ใใก๏ผ้ณฅ้๏ผ
2312:็ค๏ผใฐใ๏ผ โ ใจใซใใผใฐใ๏ผLP็ค๏ผ
2303:็ฏ๏ผใจใ๏ผ โ ใขใผใฏใจใ๏ผใขใผใฏ็ฏ๏ผ
2300:ๅ
๏ผใจใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใจใ๏ผ็คพไผๅ
๏ผ
2282:ๅถ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ
ใใ๏ผๅไธปๅถ๏ผ
2279:ๆง๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใตใใใใใ๏ผไธ่ฏๆง๏ผ
2235:ๆ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใ๏ผ็ฝๅทๆ๏ผ
2164:้คจ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใ๏ผๆ ็ป้คจ๏ผ
2161:ๅญฆ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใ๏ผๅฟ็ๅญฆ๏ผ
2158:ไผ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใใ๏ผ่ฉฆๅไผ๏ผ
2155:ๅ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใก๊ใใ๏ผๅนผ็จๅ๏ผ
2140:ๆ๏ผใใ
๏ผ โ ใชใใ๊ใใ
๏ผๅ
้ๆ๏ผ
2137:็คพ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใ๊ใใ๏ผ้่ช็คพ๏ผ
2046:ใ๊ใ๏ผ้ฃใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊๏ผ้ฃใๆฐ๏ผ
2043:ใฏ๊ใ๏ผๅใ๏ผ โ ใฏใใ๊๏ผๅใๆฐ๏ผ
2035:ใใ๊ใ๏ผๅฏใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊๏ผๅฏๆฐ๏ผ
2023:ใใจใช๏ผๅคงไบบ๏ผ โ ใใจใชใ๏ผๅคงไบบๆฐ๏ผ
1979:ใใถ๊ใ๏ผๆธใ๏ผ โ ใใถใฟ๊๏ผๆธใฟ๏ผ
1976:ใซใ๊ใ๏ผ่ฆใ๏ผ โ ใซใใฟ๊๏ผ่ฆใฟ๏ผ
1900:ใใ๊ใ๏ผ้ซใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใใ๏ผ้ซใ๏ผ
1897:ใใ๊ใ๏ผ่ฅใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใใ๏ผ่ฅใ๏ผ
1755:ใใใใ๏ผๆฆใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๏ผๆฆใ๏ผ
1752:ใฟใจใใ๏ผ่ชใใ๏ผ โ ใฟใจใ๏ผ่ชใ๏ผ
1743:ใใใ๏ผ็ตใใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๏ผ็ตใใ๏ผ
279:The Japanese term,
17387:Tone (linguistics)
17382:Japanese phonology
17354:Classical Japanese
17201:Gender differences
17037:Extended shinjitai
14594:
14519:Ryukyuan languages
14406:
14160:
13753:at the chopsticks
13618:
13278:Group H1: Always:
13107:Group F1: Always:
12973:Group E1: Always:
12903:Group D1: Always:
11931:and their accent.
7103:่ตทไผ monograde verb
7097:ๅนณๆฟ monograde verb
6684:ใใคใ โ ใใค๊ใใใฐ๏ผๅใใใฐ๏ผ
5063:ใใใน๊ใ โ ใใ๊ในใ๏ผ่ชฟในใ๏ผ
3920:Group H: ใฏใใใใใคใคใใซ
2691:ใ๊ใ + ใ โ ใ๊ใใ๏ผๅฝผ็ญ๏ผ
2672:ใใพ๊ใใ + ใ โ ใใพ๊ใใใ
2653:ใ๊ใจใ + ใใ โ ใ๊ใจใใใ
2647:ใชใใใ + ใใ โ ใชใใใใใ
2639:ใฏ๊ใชใ + ใฉใฎ โ ใฏ๊ใชใใฉใฎ
2636:ใ๊ใจใ + ใฉใฎ โ ใ๊ใจใใฉใฎ
2624:ใชใใใ + ใฉใฎ โ ใชใใใใฉใฎ
2610:ใพใใ + ใกใใ โ ใพใใใกใใ
2602:ใ๊ใจใ + ใใ โ ใ๊ใจใใใ
2596:ใชใใใ + ใใ โ ใชใใใใใ
2588:ใ๊ใจใ + ใใพ โ ใ๊ใจใใใพ
2582:ใชใใใ + ใใพ โ ใชใใใใใพ
2414:้บฆ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใฏใ ใใ๊ใ๏ผ่ฃธ้บฆ๏ผ
2393:ๆฑ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใฒใใ๊ใ๏ผๅทใๆฑ๏ผ
2324:็จ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใตใใใใ๏ผๅฉฆไบบ็จ๏ผ
2306:ๅ ๏ผใฉใ๏ผ โ ใซใใคใฉใ๏ผไบๆๅ ๏ผ
2297:ๅ๏ผใจใ๏ผ โ ใซใปใใจใ๏ผๆฅๆฌๅ๏ผ
2285:่ฃฝ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใซใปใใใ๏ผๆฅๆฌ่ฃฝ๏ผ
2267:ๆดพ๏ผใฏ๏ผ โ ใใใใใใฏ๏ผๅฐ่ฑกๆดพ๏ผ
2238:ๅฑฑ๏ผใใพ๏ผ โ ใใใใใพ๏ผๆๅฎๅฑฑ๏ผ
2232:ๆฒผ๏ผใฌใพ๏ผ โ ใใใฐใฌใพ๏ผๅฐๆๆฒผ๏ผ
2128:ๅบ๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใกใใ ๊ใ๏ผๅไปฃ็ฐๅบ๏ผ
2125:ๅจ๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๆถ็ซๅจ๏ผ
2114:่ฑ๏ผใพใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใพใ๏ผ้ถ่ฑ๏ผ
1769:ใต๊ใ๏ผ้ใ๏ผ โ ใตใ๊๏ผ้ใ๏ผ
1766:ใ๊ใ๏ผ็ตใ๏ผ โ ใใฟ๊๏ผ็ตใฟ๏ผ
1042:H๊L-L-L + H-H-H-H
1011:se-da-i-ko-o-ta-i
495:phonological words
313:, which refers to
244:
164:interlanguage link
17369:
17368:
17073:Verb conjugations
17052:
17051:
16720:
16719:
16601:Japonic languages
16547:
16546:
16539:Okinawan Japanese
16103:Japanese language
16053:
16052:
15947:978-0-631-20504-3
15872:978-0-631-20504-3
15409:Nanzan University
14952:
14951:
14515:Okinawan language
14473:Kagoshima dialect
14431:and northeastern
14393:
14392:
14172:two-syllable word
14169:one-syllable word
14166:accented syllable
14044:
14043:
13949:at the persimmon
13633:
13524:ๆใ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใฒใจ๊ใใใใ
12959:ใใใใใใชใฎใใปใชใฌใใใใใใ
12955:ใใตใคใใใฟใฃใใใใฃใใใใคใใป
12951:ๆฅ๏ผใ๏ผ (ordinal) โ
12446:
12445:
11913:
11912:
11627:and Kori (2020):
11614:
11613:
6982:ใใคใใ๊ใ๏ผๅใใใใ็ฑใใใ๏ผ
6956:
6955:
6706:ใช๊ใ โ ใช๊ใใใฐ๏ผ็กใใใฐ๏ผ
6549:
6548:
6251:
6250:
5886:
5885:
5514:
5513:
4915:
4914:
4337:
4336:
3889:ใใใใ + ใซ โ ใใใใ๊ใซ
3886:ใใใ ใ + ใฏ โ ใใใ ใ๊ใฏ
3883:ใใใใ + ใ โ ใใใใ๊ใ
3880:ใใใใ + ใฏ โ ใใใใ๊ใฏ
3825:
3824:
3277:ใฏใกใ + ใฎ โ ใฏใกใใฎ +
3186:
3185:
2661:ใชใใใ + ใ โ ใชใใใ๊ใ
2291:้๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใณใใ๏ผไบๅ้๏ผ
2264:ๅบง๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใใถใใ๏ผๆญ่ไผๅบง๏ผ
2261:่ช๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใ๏ผๅคๅฝ่ช๏ผ
2249:็ง๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใใใใซใ๏ผๅฐๅ
็ง๏ผ
2202:่ฒ๏ผใใ๏ผ โ ใใใใใ๏ผๆก่ฒ๏ผ
2149:้จ๏ผใถ๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใถ๏ผ็ต็้จ๏ผ
2146:ๅฉฆ๏ผใต๏ผ โ ใใใ๊ใต๏ผ็่ญทๅฉฆ๏ผ
2143:่ฒป๏ผใฒ๏ผ โ ใจใใ๊ใฒ๏ผๅณๆธ่ฒป๏ผ
2134:ๅฃซ๏ผใ๏ผ โ ในใใ๊ใ๏ผๅผ่ญทๅฃซ๏ผ
2020:ใใถใ๏ผๆฒน๏ผ โ ใใถใใ๏ผๆฒนๆฐ๏ผ
2009:ใญใใ๏ผ็ ใ๏ผ โ ใญใใ๏ผ็ ๆฐ๏ผ
1954:ใใใ๏ผ้ใ๏ผ โ ใใใฟ๏ผ้ใฟ๏ผ
1951:ใใพใ๏ผ็ใ๏ผ โ ใใพใฟ๏ผ็ใฟ๏ผ
1889:ใ๊ใ๏ผๆฟใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใ๏ผๆฟใ๏ผ
1886:ใ๊ใ๏ผ่ฏใ๏ผ โ ใ๊ใ๏ผ่ฏใ๏ผ
1864:ใใใ๏ผๅ
ใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๏ผๅ
ใ๏ผ
1861:ใใใ๏ผ้ใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๏ผ้ใ๏ผ
1858:ใใพใ๏ผ็ใ๏ผ โ ใใพใ๏ผ็ใ๏ผ
1758:ใใใ๏ผๅใ๏ผ โ ใใใ๏ผๅใ๏ผ
1746:ใใใ๏ผ็ณใ๏ผ โ ใใใฟ๏ผ็ณใฟ๏ผ
1740:ใใใ๏ผๆใใ๏ผ โ ใใ๏ผๆใ๏ผ
1737:ใใใ๏ผ่ใใ๏ผ โ ใใ๏ผ่ใ๏ผ
1638:
1637:
1437:Initial-accented
1369:
1368:
1311:
1310:
1205:
1204:
1112:
1111:
1081:
1080:
1046:
1045:
1020:
1019:
873:
872:
667:): H๊L > ๅ่ๅธ (
351:Standard Japanese
266:Japanese dialects
254:Japanese language
196:
195:
112:
108:
79:
78:
71:
17394:
17312:Polivanov system
17173:Honorific speech
17068:Japanese grammar
16731:
16730:
16606:
16605:
16147:
16146:
16096:
16089:
16082:
16073:
16072:
16046:
16045:
16034:
16033:
16025:
16006:
15987:
15970:
15951:
15930:
15908:
15885:
15876:
15848:
15839:
15803:
15785:
15749:
15743:
15742:
15734:
15728:
15725:
15719:
15718:
15710:
15704:
15703:
15695:
15689:
15688:
15660:
15654:
15651:
15638:
15637:
15626:
15620:
15619:
15608:
15602:
15601:
15590:
15584:
15583:
15572:
15566:
15565:
15554:
15548:
15547:
15544:
15543:
15535:
15529:
15528:
15525:
15524:
15516:
15505:
15504:
15497:
15488:
15487:
15479:
15470:
15469:
15461:
15446:
15445:
15437:
15431:
15430:
15422:
15413:
15412:
15405:ๆฅๆฌ่ช่คๅ่ชใฎๆๅณๆง้ ใจ้ปๅพๆง้
15400:
15394:
15387:
15381:
15380:
15373:
15367:
15366:
15346:
15329:
15322:
15313:
15306:
15286:
15277:
15271:
15262:
15256:
15253:
15244:
15241:
15218:
15214:
15207:
15206:
15198:
15197:
15168:
15164:
15156:
15152:
15144:
15140:
15132:
15128:
15091:
15087:
15066:
15062:
15050:Hokuriku dialect
15045:
15041:
15035:
15027:
14987:
14983:
14977:
14969:
14947:
14935:
14933:
14932:
14912:
14910:
14909:
14892:
14890:
14889:
14866:
14864:
14863:
14846:
14844:
14843:
14823:
14821:
14820:
14781:
14779:
14778:
14755:
14753:
14752:
14735:
14733:
14732:
14712:
14710:
14709:
14686:
14684:
14683:
14666:
14664:
14663:
14643:
14641:
14640:
14597:
14593:
14564:
14558:
14552:
14509:
14504:
14389:
14388:
14385:
14379:
14378:
14372:
14359:
14357:
14351:
14350:
14344:
14339:
14337:
14331:
14330:
14324:
14311:
14309:
14303:
14302:
14296:
14291:
14289:
14283:
14282:
14276:
14271:
14269:
14263:
14262:
14256:
14246:
14244:
14238:
14237:
14231:
14226:
14225:
14222:
14216:
14215:
14209:
14204:
14203:
14200:
14194:
14193:
14187:
14163:
14159:
14141:
14135:
14129:
14128:
14117:
14111:
14110:
14104:
14097:
14095:
14094:
14074:
14070:
14062:
14055:
14035:
14034:
14027:
14015:
14014:
14007:
13990:
13989:
13982:
13971:
13970:
13963:
13946:
13945:
13938:
13929:
13928:
13921:
13912:
13911:
13904:
13887:
13886:
13879:
13870:
13869:
13862:
13853:
13852:
13845:
13826:
13825:
13818:
13809:
13808:
13801:
13784:
13783:
13776:
13767:
13766:
13759:
13750:
13749:
13742:
13725:
13724:
13717:
13708:
13707:
13700:
13691:
13690:
13683:
13657:
13656:
13635:
13634:
13615:
13585:ante-penultimate
13566:
13562:
13551:
13547:
13543:
13539:
13535:
13531:
13527:
13515:
13503:
13491:
13487:
13483:
13479:
13467:
13463:
13459:
13455:
13443:
13439:
13435:
13431:
13424:
13420:
13416:
13412:
13400:
13396:
13392:
13380:
13376:
13372:
13360:
13348:
13344:
13332:
13320:
13253:
13249:
13245:
13241:
13238:็ณ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใกใใ๊ใใป
13230:
13226:
13222:
13218:
13214:
13210:
13198:
13194:
13190:
13186:
13174:
13170:
13166:
13162:
13150:
13146:
13142:
13096:
13092:
13088:
13084:
13080:
13076:
13073:ๆฒ๏ผใใใ๏ผ โ ใใฃใใใ๊ใ
13065:
13061:
13057:
13053:
13049:
13045:
13041:
13037:
13025:
13021:
13017:
13013:
13001:
12997:
12993:
12962:
12958:
12954:
12942:
12938:
12934:
12930:
12884:
12880:
12876:
12870:
12866:
12862:
12856:
12852:
12841:
12837:
12833:
12827:
12823:
12819:
12813:
12809:
12805:
12799:
12795:
12791:
12785:
12781:
12777:
12771:
12767:
12763:
12757:
12753:
12749:
12743:
12739:
12733:
12729:
12719:
12715:
12709:
12705:
12699:
12695:
12689:
12685:
12679:
12675:
12669:
12665:
12659:
12655:
12649:
12645:
12639:
12635:
12629:
12625:
12619:
12615:
12599:
12595:
12589:
12585:
12579:
12575:
12565:
12561:
12555:
12551:
12545:
12541:
12535:
12531:
12525:
12521:
12515:
12511:
12505:
12501:
12495:
12491:
12485:
12481:
11934:
11933:
11678:
11677:
10460:ใใ (conjectural)
10405:ใใ (reportative)
10036:ใใจ ("and allโฆ")
9423:ใ (adversative)
9232:ใช (prohibitive)
9199:ใช (exclamatory)
9096:ใจ (conditional)
7898:ใ (declarative)
7085:
7084:
6760:
6759:
6570:ใใใใ โ ใใใใ๏ผๅชใใ๏ผ
6567:ใคใใใ โ ใคใใใ๏ผๅทใใ๏ผ
6293:
6292:
5910:
5909:
5538:
5537:
5531:Group j: ใใปใใใใพใ
5157:
5156:
4367:
4366:
3930:
3929:
3525:
3524:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3306:
3302:
3299:ใคใ๊ + ใฎ โ ใคใใฎ +
3295:
3291:
3288:ใฏใช๊ + ใฎ โ ใฏใชใฎ +
3284:
3280:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3258:
2760:
2759:
2675:ใ๊ใจใ + ใ โ ใ๊ใจใใ
2627:ใพใใ + ใฉใฎ โ ใพใใใฉใฎ
2258:็ป๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใซใปใใ๏ผๆฅๆฌ็ป๏ผ
2255:่ชฒ๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๏ผไบบไบ่ชฒ๏ผ
2252:ๅฎถ๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใใใใ๏ผๆฟๆฒปๅฎถ๏ผ
2131:ๅธ๏ผใ๏ผ โ ใกใฐ๊ใ๏ผๅ่ๅธ๏ผ
1696:ใใใน๊ใ โ ใใ๊ใน๏ผ่ชฟใน๏ผ
1413:
1412:
1372:Initial lowering
1324:
1323:
1271:
1270:
1171:
1170:
1086:
1085:
1077:H๊L + L-H-H๊L-L
1055:
1054:
1029:
1028:
1003:
1002:
976:. In actuality,
923:) > ็ฌฌไธๆฌกไธ็ๅคงๆฆ (
831:
830:
768:
766:
765:
759:
537:
536:
485:
484:
470:
469:
461:
460:
452:
451:
443:("middle-high").
439:
438:
426:
425:
405:
404:
378:
377:
368:
367:
357:Yamanote dialect
346:
344:
343:
337:
335:tsuyosa akusento
331:
329:
328:
322:
312:
310:
309:
303:
301:kyลjaku akusento
293:
291:
290:
284:
240:
234:
228:
218:
212:
206:
175:
169:
143:
142:|topic=
140:, and specifying
125:Google Translate
110:
106:
89:
88:
81:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
17402:
17401:
17397:
17396:
17395:
17393:
17392:
17391:
17372:
17371:
17370:
17365:
17318:
17263:Transliteration
17258:
17234:Sound symbolism
17210:
17192:Role language (
17151:from Portuguese
17083:Irregular verbs
17061:
17059:
17048:
16997:Kana Supplement
16992:Kana Extended-B
16987:Kana Extended-A
16910:
16886:Historical kana
16852:
16794:
16773:by stroke count
16764:Kanji radicals
16758:by stroke count
16716:
16629:
16595:
16571:Hawaiian Creole
16543:
16520:
16443:
16317:
16136:
16105:
16100:
16043:
16037:External videos
16032:
16022:
16003:
15967:
15948:
15927:
15918:
15898:
15897:NHKๆฅๆฌ่ช็บ้ณใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ
15895:
15883:
15873:
15794:
15789:
15788:
15750:
15746:
15735:
15731:
15726:
15722:
15711:
15707:
15696:
15692:
15661:
15657:
15653:NHKๆฅๆฌ่ช็บ้ณใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ
15652:
15641:
15628:
15627:
15623:
15610:
15609:
15605:
15592:
15591:
15587:
15574:
15573:
15569:
15556:
15555:
15551:
15536:
15532:
15517:
15508:
15499:
15498:
15491:
15480:
15473:
15462:
15449:
15438:
15434:
15423:
15416:
15401:
15397:
15388:
15384:
15375:
15374:
15370:
15363:
15347:
15332:
15323:
15316:
15307:
15300:
15295:
15290:
15289:
15278:
15274:
15263:
15259:
15254:
15247:
15242:
15238:
15233:
15217:*/kai๊/,*/saษด๊/
15179:
15165:'be white' and
15118:
14927:
14904:
14884:
14858:
14838:
14815:
14773:
14747:
14727:
14704:
14678:
14658:
14635:
14611:three-mora word
14577:
14571:
14541:
14465:
14398:
14386:
14373:
14345:
14325:
14297:
14277:
14257:
14232:
14223:
14210:
14201:
14188:
14181:
14123:
14105:
14103:/kaeruษกaka๊eru/
14089:
14026:
14006:
13981:
13962:
13937:
13920:
13903:
13878:
13861:
13844:
13817:
13800:
13775:
13758:
13741:
13716:
13699:
13682:
13653:
13652:
13644:
13642:
13641:
13640:
13639:
13636:
13629:
13626:
13619:
13613:
13601:phonetic symbol
13581:
13564:
13560:
13559:ไบบ๏ผใใปใใ๏ผ โ ใฒใจ๊ใใ
13549:
13545:
13541:
13537:
13533:
13529:
13525:
13513:
13501:
13489:
13485:
13481:
13477:
13465:
13461:
13457:
13453:
13441:
13437:
13433:
13429:
13422:
13418:
13414:
13410:
13398:
13394:
13390:
13378:
13374:
13370:
13358:
13346:
13342:
13330:
13318:
13251:
13247:
13243:
13239:
13228:
13224:
13220:
13216:
13212:
13208:
13196:
13192:
13188:
13184:
13172:
13168:
13164:
13160:
13148:
13144:
13140:
13097:ใใใ
ใฃใใใ๊ใปใใฃใใใ๊
13094:
13090:
13086:
13082:
13078:
13074:
13063:
13059:
13055:
13051:
13047:
13043:
13039:
13035:
13026:ใใใ
ใฃใใใ๊ใปใใฃใใใ๊
13023:
13019:
13015:
13011:
12999:
12995:
12991:
12960:
12956:
12952:
12940:
12936:
12932:
12928:
12894:
12892:Numeral+counter
12882:
12878:
12874:
12868:
12864:
12860:
12854:
12850:
12839:
12835:
12831:
12825:
12821:
12817:
12811:
12807:
12803:
12797:
12793:
12789:
12783:
12779:
12775:
12769:
12765:
12761:
12755:
12751:
12747:
12741:
12737:
12731:
12727:
12717:
12713:
12707:
12703:
12697:
12693:
12687:
12683:
12677:
12673:
12667:
12663:
12657:
12653:
12647:
12643:
12637:
12633:
12627:
12623:
12617:
12613:
12597:
12593:
12587:
12583:
12577:
12573:
12569:
12563:
12559:
12553:
12549:
12543:
12539:
12533:
12529:
12523:
12519:
12513:
12509:
12503:
12499:
12493:
12489:
12483:
12479:
11966:ร1,000,000,000
11925:
11908:
11904:
11886:
11884:
11883:
11879:
11877:
11876:
11872:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11850:
11848:
11847:
11843:
11841:
11840:
11836:
11831:
11826:
11821:
11814:
11812:
11811:
11807:
11805:
11804:
11800:
11795:
11790:
11785:
11738:
11736:
11732:
11728:
11727:
11726:
11721:
11720:
11715:
11714:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11673:irregular verbs
11665:
11619:
11596:
11594:
11580:
11578:
11576:
11562:
11560:
11546:
11544:
11543:
11539:
11527:
11525:
11523:
11521:
11519:
11517:
11516:
11515:
11514:
11513:
11512:
11508:
11506:
11504:
11502:
11500:
11493:
11491:
11484:
11470:
11468:
11452:
11450:
11449:
11445:
11443:
11442:
11438:
11433:
11426:
11417:
11413:
11373:
11371:
11367:
11348:
11346:
11344:
11343:
11342:
11341:
11337:
11335:
11333:
11332:
11331:
11330:
11326:
11324:
11322:
11317:
11315:
11313:
11306:
11304:
11295:
11293:
11292:
11288:
11286:
11285:
11281:
11276:
11269:
11260:
11258:
11257:
11253:
11251:
11250:
11246:
11241:
11234:
11219:
11214:
11179:
11177:
11175:
11170:
11168:
11166:
11161:
11159:
11157:
11152:
11150:
11148:
11141:
11139:
11137:
11130:
11128:
11127:
11126:
11125:
11124:
11123:
11119:
11117:
11115:
11108:
11106:
11105:
11104:
11103:
11102:
11101:
11097:
11095:
11094:
11093:
11092:
11088:
11081:
11080:
11076:
11071:
11070:
11066:
11065:
11061:
11056:
11051:
11050:
11038:
11037:
11036:
11032:
11030:
11025:
11024:
11023:
11019:
11018:
11017:
11013:
11008:
11003:
11002:
11001:
10987:
10985:
10983:
10982:
10981:
10977:
10975:
10970:
10968:
10959:
10955:
10936:
10934:
10932:
10930:
10928:
10926:
10924:
10922:
10920:
10918:
10916:
10915:
10914:
10913:
10912:
10911:
10910:
10909:
10908:
10907:
10906:
10905:
10904:
10900:
10898:
10896:
10894:
10892:
10890:
10888:
10886:
10884:
10882:
10880:
10879:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10875:
10874:
10873:
10872:
10871:
10870:
10869:
10868:
10864:
10862:
10860:
10858:
10856:
10854:
10852:
10850:
10848:
10846:
10844:
10842:
10837:
10835:
10833:
10831:
10829:
10827:
10825:
10823:
10821:
10819:
10817:
10815:
10808:
10806:
10804:
10802:
10800:
10798:
10796:
10794:
10792:
10790:
10781:
10779:
10777:
10775:
10774:
10773:
10772:
10768:
10766:
10764:
10762:
10761:
10760:
10759:
10755:
10753:
10751:
10746:
10744:
10742:
10735:
10733:
10731:
10695:
10690:
10676:
10674:
10672:
10670:
10666:
10664:
10662:
10660:
10656:
10654:
10652:
10650:
10645:
10643:
10641:
10639:
10632:
10630:
10628:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10590:
10586:
10582:
10577:
10572:
10567:
10557:
10555:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10549:
10548:
10544:
10542:
10540:
10538:
10536:
10534:
10532:
10527:
10525:
10523:
10521:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10514:
10512:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10506:
10505:
10501:
10499:
10497:
10495:
10493:
10491:
10489:
10484:
10482:
10480:
10478:
10476:
10474:
10472:
10465:
10463:
10461:
10454:
10452:
10451:
10447:
10442:
10440:
10439:
10435:
10433:
10432:
10428:
10423:
10418:
10416:
10415:
10411:
10406:
10399:
10397:
10395:
10394:
10393:
10389:
10387:
10382:
10380:
10378:
10377:
10376:
10372:
10370:
10368:
10367:
10366:
10362:
10360:
10355:
10353:
10346:
10344:
10337:
10335:
10333:
10332:
10331:
10327:
10325:
10320:
10318:
10316:
10315:
10314:
10310:
10308:
10306:
10305:
10304:
10300:
10298:
10293:
10291:
10286:
10284:
10282:
10281:
10280:
10276:
10274:
10269:
10267:
10237:
10235:
10233:
10228:
10226:
10224:
10219:
10217:
10216:
10212:
10210:
10209:
10203:
10196:
10194:
10192:
10187:
10185:
10184:
10180:
10178:
10176:
10171:
10169:
10167:
10162:
10160:
10159:
10155:
10153:
10152:
10148:
10146:
10144:
10139:
10137:
10136:
10132:
10125:
10120:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10102:
10098:
10093:
10084:
10079:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10052:
10030:
10028:
10023:
10021:
10019:
10018:
10017:
10013:
10011:
10006:
10004:
9999:
9997:
9995:
9994:
9993:
9989:
9987:
9985:
9984:
9983:
9979:
9977:
9975:
9973:
9971:
9966:
9964:
9962:
9961:
9960:
9956:
9954:
9947:
9946:
9939:
9938:
9934:
9933:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9918:
9906:
9905:
9898:
9897:
9893:
9892:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9877:
9863:
9859:
9849:
9837:
9835:
9833:
9832:
9831:
9830:
9829:
9825:
9824:
9822:
9820:
9815:
9813:
9812:
9811:
9810:
9809:
9805:
9803:
9802:
9801:
9800:
9799:
9795:
9793:
9791:
9786:
9784:
9782:
9777:
9776:
9775:
9774:
9773:
9769:
9768:
9759:
9758:
9751:
9750:
9746:
9745:
9735:
9734:
9730:
9719:
9707:
9706:
9702:
9697:
9696:
9692:
9691:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9676:
9672:
9662:
9661:
9657:
9652:
9651:
9647:
9646:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9631:
9627:
9617:
9616:
9612:
9607:
9606:
9602:
9601:
9591:
9590:
9578:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9572:
9571:
9570:
9569:
9565:
9563:
9561:
9559:
9557:
9552:
9550:
9548:
9547:
9546:
9545:
9544:
9543:
9539:
9537:
9535:
9534:
9533:
9532:
9531:
9530:
9526:
9524:
9519:
9517:
9512:
9510:
9508:
9507:
9506:
9505:
9504:
9503:
9499:
9497:
9492:
9490:
9483:
9476:
9472:
9462:
9450:
9443:
9439:
9429:
9417:
9416:
9409:
9408:
9404:
9403:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9388:
9384:
9375:
9373:
9372:
9371:
9370:
9366:
9364:
9362:
9357:
9355:
9354:
9353:
9352:
9348:
9346:
9345:
9344:
9343:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9327:
9326:
9325:
9324:
9320:
9315:
9306:
9304:
9302:
9301:
9300:
9296:
9294:
9289:
9287:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9256:
9247:
9243:
9226:
9219:
9215:
9205:
9193:
9192:
9191:
9187:
9182:
9181:
9180:
9176:
9175:
9174:
9164:
9163:
9162:
9158:
9157:
9135:
9134:
9130:
9125:
9124:
9120:
9119:
9115:
9110:
9105:
9104:
9100:
9090:
9089:
9088:
9087:
9086:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9075:
9074:
9073:
9072:
9071:
9067:
9066:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9059:
9058:
9056:
9052:
9051:
9049:
9045:
9043:
9042:
9041:
9040:
9036:
9034:
9032:
9022:
9020:
9018:
9016:
9014:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9010:
9009:
9008:
9007:
9006:
9005:
9004:
9003:
8999:
8997:
8995:
8993:
8991:
8989:
8987:
8985:
8983:
8978:
8976:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8969:
8968:
8967:
8966:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8962:
8961:
8960:
8959:
8955:
8953:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8946:
8945:
8944:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8940:
8939:
8938:
8937:
8936:
8932:
8930:
8928:
8926:
8924:
8922:
8920:
8918:
8916:
8911:
8909:
8907:
8905:
8903:
8901:
8899:
8897:
8895:
8890:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8881:
8880:
8879:
8878:
8877:
8876:
8875:
8874:
8873:
8872:
8871:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8852:
8851:
8847:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8832:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8824:
8822:
8821:
8820:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8816:
8815:
8814:
8813:
8812:
8811:
8807:
8805:
8803:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8791:
8789:
8787:
8782:
8780:
8778:
8776:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8770:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8766:
8765:
8764:
8763:
8762:
8761:
8757:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8746:
8745:
8744:
8743:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8732:
8730:
8728:
8726:
8724:
8719:
8717:
8715:
8713:
8711:
8706:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8698:
8696:
8695:
8694:
8693:
8692:
8691:
8690:
8689:
8688:
8687:
8686:
8685:
8681:
8679:
8677:
8675:
8673:
8668:
8666:
8664:
8662:
8660:
8659:ใฎ (explanatory)
8653:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8647:
8646:
8645:
8644:
8640:
8638:
8633:
8631:
8629:
8628:
8627:
8626:
8625:
8624:
8620:
8618:
8616:
8615:
8614:
8613:
8612:
8611:
8607:
8605:
8600:
8598:
8593:
8591:
8589:
8588:
8587:
8586:
8585:
8584:
8580:
8578:
8576:
8575:
8574:
8570:
8568:
8548:
8534:
8533:
8526:
8525:
8521:
8520:
8510:
8509:
8505:
8494:
8490:
8473:
8471:
8469:
8468:
8467:
8466:
8465:
8464:
8463:
8462:
8461:
8457:
8455:
8450:
8448:
8446:
8445:
8444:
8443:
8442:
8441:
8440:
8439:
8438:
8434:
8432:
8430:
8429:
8428:
8427:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8423:
8422:
8418:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8410:
8408:
8406:
8404:
8399:
8397:
8395:
8393:
8391:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8375:
8374:
8373:
8372:
8371:
8370:
8369:
8368:
8364:
8362:
8360:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8356:
8355:
8351:
8349:
8342:
8341:
8334:
8333:
8329:
8328:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8313:
8309:
8300:
8299:
8298:
8291:
8289:
8288:
8287:
8283:
8281:
8280:
8279:
8275:
8273:
8268:
8266:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8255:
8254:
8245:
8244:
8237:
8236:
8232:
8231:
8221:
8220:
8216:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8203:
8196:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8192:
8188:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8168:
8167:
8166:
8165:
8164:
8160:
8158:
8156:
8155:
8151:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8135:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8119:
8117:
8112:
8110:
8105:
8104:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8089:
8088:
8081:
8080:
8076:
8075:
8065:
8064:
8060:
8051:
8050:
8043:
8042:
8038:
8037:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8022:
8018:
8009:
8008:
8007:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7997:
7995:
7990:
7988:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7977:
7975:
7963:
7951:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7944:
7942:
7938:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7931:
7930:
7929:
7928:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7904:
7902:
7892:
7891:
7890:
7883:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7875:
7873:
7872:
7871:
7867:
7866:
7861:
7860:
7855:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7847:
7837:
7835:
7833:
7832:
7831:
7827:
7825:
7820:
7818:
7816:
7815:
7814:
7810:
7808:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7800:
7798:
7793:
7791:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7776:
7774:
7769:
7767:
7758:
7756:
7754:
7753:
7752:
7748:
7746:
7741:
7739:
7730:
7728:
7726:
7725:
7724:
7720:
7718:
7713:
7711:
7704:
7703:
7699:
7694:
7693:
7689:
7688:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7673:
7669:
7660:
7658:
7656:
7655:
7654:
7650:
7648:
7643:
7641:
7636:
7634:
7629:
7627:
7622:
7620:
7615:
7613:
7608:
7606:
7601:
7599:
7592:
7591:
7590:
7586:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7563:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7556:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7536:
7534:
7532:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7523:
7522:
7521:
7520:
7516:
7514:
7513:
7512:
7511:
7510:
7509:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7484:
7482:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7475:
7466:
7464:
7463:
7459:
7454:
7447:
7446:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7426:
7425:
7424:
7420:
7418:
7417:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7392:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7378:
7374:
7357:
7349:
7344:
7333:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7287:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7257:
7255:
7253:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7237:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7226:
7224:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7211:
7206:
7204:
7202:
7200:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7181:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7073:
7053:
7014:
7001:
6961:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6727:
6716:
6675:
6622:
6589:ใใค๊ใ โ ใ๊ใคใ๏ผ็ฑใ๏ผ
6554:
6541:
6530:
6514:
6503:
6487:
6476:
6455:
6440:
6421:
6410:
6394:
6383:
6362:
6345:
6329:
6324:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6305:
6256:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5900:Group l: ใใใใใใ
5891:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5519:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5119:
5090:
4971:
4920:
4907:
4896:
4880:
4869:
4853:
4842:
4826:
4815:
4796:
4785:
4764:
4753:
4737:
4726:
4710:
4699:
4678:
4663:
4641:
4630:
4614:
4603:
4587:
4576:
4557:
4546:
4525:
4514:
4498:
4487:
4471:
4460:
4439:
4422:
4403:
4398:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4342:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3908:
3898:ใใฃใจ + ใ โ ใใฃใจ๊ใ
3895:ใใฃใจ + ใ โ ใใฃใจ๊ใ
3874:
3830:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3490:
3448:
3432:
3428:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3376:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3304:
3300:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3267:
3266:ใฟใ + ใฎ โ ใฟใใฎ +
3260:
3256:
3255:ใคใ + ใฎ โ ใคใใฎ +
3248:
3220:
3191:
3178:
3173:
3165:
3149:
3144:
3136:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3088:
3083:
3075:
3059:
3054:
3046:
3030:
3025:
3015:
2996:
2991:
2983:
2967:
2962:
2954:
2933:
2926:
2915:
2893:
2888:
2880:
2864:
2859:
2851:
2832:
2824:
2814:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2772:
2718:
2710:
2682:
2668:
2664:ใพใใ + ใ โ ใพใใ๊ใ
2643:
2620:
2606:
2592:
2576:
2562:
2525:
2511:
2500:
2492:
2475:
2452:
2444:
2421:
2348:
2245:
2121:
2082:
2073:
2061:
2059:Nominal affixes
2050:
2039:
2016:
2000:
1983:
1942:
1910:
1893:
1849:
1809:
1734:ใใ๏ผ่ฒธใ๏ผ โ ใใ๏ผ่ฒธใ๏ผ
1731:ใใ๏ผๆตฎใ๏ผ โ ใใ๏ผๆตฎใ๏ผ
1725:
1720:
1681:
1673:
1671:Accent patterns
1643:
1374:
1214:
1136:If the word is
1117:
1050:kaku-haikibutsu
826:bound morphemes
760:
748:
579:
553:, peaks on the
394:
376:NHKๆฅๆฌ่ช็บ้ณใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ
353:
338:
323:
320:takasa akusento
304:
285:
242:
238:
236:
232:
230:
229: No accent
226:
224:
216:
214:
210:
208:
204:
192:
191:
190:
173:
167:
141:
113:
90:
86:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
17400:
17390:
17389:
17384:
17367:
17366:
17364:
17363:
17362:
17361:
17351:
17350:
17349:
17339:
17334:
17328:
17326:
17320:
17319:
17317:
17316:
17315:
17314:
17304:
17303:
17302:
17297:
17292:
17287:
17282:
17277:
17266:
17264:
17260:
17259:
17257:
17256:
17255:
17254:
17249:
17244:
17236:
17231:
17226:
17220:
17218:
17212:
17211:
17209:
17208:
17203:
17198:
17189:
17180:
17175:
17170:
17165:
17160:
17155:
17154:
17153:
17148:
17134:
17129:
17123:Native words (
17120:
17115:
17110:
17105:
17100:
17095:
17090:
17085:
17080:
17075:
17070:
17064:
17062:
17057:
17054:
17053:
17050:
17049:
17047:
17046:
17045:
17044:
17039:
17034:
17029:
17024:
17016:
17015:
17014:
17009:
17004:
16999:
16994:
16989:
16984:
16976:
16975:
16974:
16969:
16964:
16959:
16954:
16949:
16941:
16940:
16939:
16931:
16930:
16929:
16918:
16916:
16912:
16911:
16909:
16908:
16903:
16898:
16893:
16888:
16883:
16878:
16873:
16872:
16871:
16860:
16858:
16854:
16853:
16851:
16850:
16845:
16840:
16835:
16830:
16825:
16820:
16815:
16810:
16804:
16802:
16796:
16795:
16793:
16792:
16787:
16782:
16777:
16776:
16775:
16770:
16762:
16761:
16760:
16750:
16745:
16739:
16737:
16728:
16726:Writing system
16722:
16721:
16718:
16717:
16715:
16714:
16713:
16712:
16707:
16702:
16697:
16687:
16686:
16685:
16680:
16675:
16670:
16665:
16660:
16655:
16650:
16639:
16637:
16631:
16630:
16628:
16627:
16626:
16625:
16615:
16609:
16603:
16597:
16596:
16594:
16593:
16588:
16583:
16581:Pseudo-Chinese
16578:
16573:
16568:
16563:
16561:Bamboo English
16557:
16555:
16549:
16548:
16545:
16544:
16542:
16541:
16536:
16534:Amami Japanese
16530:
16528:
16522:
16521:
16519:
16518:
16511:
16510:
16509:
16504:
16499:
16494:
16489:
16488:
16487:
16470:
16469:
16468:
16455:
16453:
16445:
16444:
16442:
16441:
16434:
16433:
16432:
16431:
16430:
16422:
16421:
16420:
16405:
16404:
16403:
16398:
16393:
16381:
16380:
16379:
16374:
16369:
16364:
16352:
16351:
16350:
16349:
16348:
16345:
16329:
16327:
16319:
16318:
16316:
16315:
16314:
16313:
16312:
16311:
16306:
16301:
16296:
16288:
16287:
16286:
16278:
16277:
16276:
16271:
16256:
16255:
16254:
16249:
16248:
16247:
16242:
16234:
16233:
16232:
16227:
16222:
16207:
16206:
16205:
16204:
16203:
16198:
16190:
16189:
16188:
16183:
16178:
16163:
16157:
16155:
16144:
16138:
16137:
16135:
16134:
16129:
16124:
16119:
16113:
16111:
16107:
16106:
16099:
16098:
16091:
16084:
16076:
16070:
16069:
16064:
16059:
16051:
16050:
16039:
16038:
16031:
16030:External links
16028:
16027:
16026:
16020:
16007:
16001:
15988:
15971:
15965:
15952:
15946:
15931:
15925:
15909:
15893:
15877:
15871:
15856:
15840:
15828:10.2307/410409
15811:
15793:
15790:
15787:
15786:
15744:
15729:
15720:
15705:
15690:
15655:
15639:
15621:
15603:
15585:
15567:
15549:
15542:่จ่ชๆๅๅ
ฑๅ็ ็ฉถใใญใธใงใฏใ
15530:
15523:่จ่ชๆๅๅ
ฑๅ็ ็ฉถใใญใธใงใฏใ
15506:
15489:
15471:
15447:
15432:
15414:
15395:
15382:
15368:
15361:
15330:
15314:
15297:
15296:
15294:
15291:
15288:
15287:
15272:
15257:
15245:
15235:
15234:
15232:
15229:
15178:
15175:
15117:
15114:
15094:
15093:
15069:
15068:
15047:
15046:
15036:
14989:
14988:
14978:
14950:
14949:
14937:
14936:
14924:
14921:
14918:
14914:
14913:
14901:
14898:
14894:
14893:
14881:
14878:
14875:
14872:
14868:
14867:
14855:
14852:
14848:
14847:
14835:
14832:
14829:
14825:
14824:
14812:
14809:
14806:
14803:
14800:
14796:
14795:
14793:
14790:
14787:
14783:
14782:
14770:
14767:
14764:
14761:
14757:
14756:
14744:
14741:
14737:
14736:
14724:
14721:
14718:
14714:
14713:
14701:
14698:
14695:
14692:
14688:
14687:
14675:
14672:
14668:
14667:
14655:
14652:
14649:
14645:
14644:
14632:
14629:
14626:
14623:
14620:
14616:
14615:
14612:
14609:
14606:
14603:
14600:
14585:Kansai dialect
14570:
14567:
14540:
14537:
14511:
14510:
14505:
14464:
14461:
14397:
14396:Other dialects
14394:
14391:
14390:
14368:
14365:
14361:
14360:
14340:
14320:
14317:
14313:
14312:
14292:
14272:
14252:
14248:
14247:
14227:
14205:
14183:
14177:
14176:
14173:
14170:
14167:
14100:kaeru-ga kaeru
14046:
14045:
14042:
14041:
14039:
14036:
14029:
14022:
14016:
14009:
14002:
13995:
13994:
13993:alcohol, sake
13991:
13984:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13965:
13958:
13951:
13950:
13947:
13940:
13933:
13930:
13923:
13916:
13915:at the oyster
13913:
13906:
13899:
13892:
13891:
13888:
13881:
13874:
13871:
13864:
13857:
13854:
13847:
13840:
13833:
13832:
13830:
13827:
13820:
13813:
13810:
13803:
13796:
13789:
13788:
13785:
13778:
13771:
13770:at the bridge
13768:
13761:
13754:
13751:
13744:
13737:
13730:
13729:
13726:
13719:
13712:
13709:
13702:
13695:
13692:
13685:
13678:
13671:
13670:
13667:
13664:
13661:
13643:
13637:
13627:
13622:
13621:
13620:
13611:
13610:
13609:
13580:
13577:
13573:
13572:
13571:
13570:
13569:
13568:
13554:
13553:
13552:
13519:
13518:
13517:
13507:
13506:
13505:
13500:ๅน๏ผใพใ๏ผ โ ใฒใจ๊ใพใใ
13495:
13494:
13493:
13492:ใปใใ
๊ใใญใใใใ
๊ใใญใ
13471:
13470:
13469:
13447:
13446:
13445:
13426:
13404:
13403:
13402:
13384:
13383:
13382:
13364:
13363:
13362:
13352:
13351:
13350:
13345:ใปใ๊ใกใใใใใ๊ใกใใใป
13336:
13335:
13334:
13324:
13323:
13322:
13312:
13311:
13310:
13307:
13304:
13301:
13298:
13295:
13292:
13289:
13282:
13273:
13272:
13271:
13268:
13265:
13259:
13258:
13257:
13256:
13255:
13233:
13232:
13231:
13202:
13201:
13200:
13178:
13177:
13176:
13154:
13153:
13152:
13134:
13133:
13132:
13129:
13126:
13123:
13120:
13117:
13114:
13111:
13102:
13101:
13100:
13099:
13098:
13068:
13067:
13066:
13029:
13028:
13027:
13018:ใใใใใ๊ใใใใใใ๊ใ
13005:
13004:
13003:
12985:
12984:
12983:
12980:
12977:
12968:
12967:
12966:
12965:
12964:
12946:
12945:
12944:
12922:
12921:
12920:
12917:
12910:
12907:
12893:
12890:
12889:
12888:
12887:
12886:
12872:
12858:
12845:
12844:
12843:
12829:
12815:
12801:
12787:
12773:
12759:
12745:
12735:
12722:
12721:
12720:
12710:
12700:
12690:
12680:
12670:
12660:
12650:
12640:
12630:
12620:
12602:
12601:
12591:
12581:
12567:
12566:
12556:
12546:
12536:
12526:
12516:
12506:
12496:
12486:
12472:
12471:
12468:
12465:
12462:
12459:
12456:
12453:
12444:
12443:
12441:
12439:
12437:
12435:
12433:
12431:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12413:
12412:
12410:
12407:
12404:
12401:
12398:
12395:
12392:
12389:
12386:
12383:
12380:
12377:
12374:
12370:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12350:
12348:
12345:
12342:
12339:
12336:
12333:
12329:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12320:
12317:
12315:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12301:
12298:
12295:
12291:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12263:
12260:
12257:
12254:
12250:
12249:
12247:
12244:
12241:
12238:
12236:
12233:
12230:
12228:
12225:
12222:
12219:
12216:
12213:
12209:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12181:
12178:
12175:
12172:
12168:
12167:
12165:
12163:
12161:
12159:
12157:
12155:
12153:
12151:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12141:
12137:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12128:
12125:
12122:
12119:
12116:
12113:
12110:
12107:
12104:
12101:
12098:
12094:
12093:
12091:
12088:
12085:
12082:
12079:
12076:
12073:
12070:
12067:
12064:
12061:
12058:
12055:
12051:
12050:
12048:
12045:
12042:
12039:
12037:
12034:
12031:
12028:
12025:
12022:
12019:
12016:
12013:
12009:
12008:
12005:
12002:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11992:
11989:
11987:
11984:
11981:
11978:
11975:
11972:
11968:
11967:
11964:
11961:
11958:
11955:
11952:
11949:
11946:
11943:
11940:
11937:
11924:
11921:
11911:
11910:
11906:
11902:
11899:
11896:
11893:
11889:
11888:
11881:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11853:
11852:
11845:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11817:
11816:
11809:
11802:
11797:
11792:
11787:
11781:
11780:
11777:
11774:
11771:
11768:
11765:
11761:
11760:
11757:
11754:
11751:
11748:
11745:
11741:
11740:
11734:
11730:
11723:
11717:
11711:
11707:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11664:
11661:
11660:
11659:
11656:
11653:
11650:
11647:
11644:
11641:
11638:
11635:
11632:
11618:
11615:
11612:
11611:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11599:
11598:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11583:
11582:
11574:
11571:
11569:
11565:
11564:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11549:
11548:
11541:
11536:
11534:
11530:
11529:
11510:
11497:
11495:
11487:
11486:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11473:
11472:
11466:
11463:
11461:
11457:
11456:
11454:
11447:
11440:
11435:
11430:
11428:
11422:
11421:
11419:
11415:
11411:
11408:
11405:
11403:
11399:
11398:
11396:
11393:
11390:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11378:
11377:
11375:
11369:
11365:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11353:
11352:
11350:
11339:
11328:
11319:
11310:
11308:
11300:
11299:
11297:
11290:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11271:
11265:
11264:
11262:
11255:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11236:
11230:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11209:
11205:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11196:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11184:
11183:
11181:
11172:
11163:
11154:
11145:
11143:
11133:
11132:
11121:
11112:
11110:
11099:
11090:
11084:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11045:
11041:
11040:
11034:
11027:
11021:
11015:
11010:
11005:
10999:
10996:
10992:
10991:
10989:
10979:
10972:
10964:
10963:
10961:
10957:
10953:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10941:
10940:
10938:
10902:
10866:
10839:
10812:
10810:
10786:
10785:
10783:
10770:
10757:
10748:
10739:
10737:
10727:
10726:
10724:
10721:
10718:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10706:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10685:
10681:
10680:
10678:
10668:
10658:
10647:
10636:
10634:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10606:
10601:
10599:
10595:
10594:
10592:
10588:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10560:
10559:
10546:
10529:
10516:
10503:
10486:
10469:
10467:
10457:
10456:
10449:
10444:
10437:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10413:
10408:
10402:
10401:
10391:
10384:
10374:
10364:
10357:
10350:
10348:
10340:
10339:
10329:
10322:
10312:
10302:
10295:
10288:
10278:
10271:
10263:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10254:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10242:
10241:
10239:
10230:
10221:
10214:
10207:
10205:
10199:
10198:
10189:
10182:
10173:
10164:
10157:
10150:
10141:
10134:
10128:
10127:
10122:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10104:
10100:
10095:
10091:
10087:
10086:
10081:
10077:
10072:
10067:
10063:
10059:
10054:
10050:
10046:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10037:
10033:
10032:
10025:
10015:
10008:
10001:
9991:
9981:
9968:
9958:
9950:
9949:
9944:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9913:
9909:
9908:
9903:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9872:
9868:
9867:
9865:
9861:
9857:
9854:
9851:
9847:
9844:
9840:
9839:
9827:
9817:
9807:
9797:
9788:
9779:
9771:
9766:
9762:
9761:
9756:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9740:
9737:
9732:
9728:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9717:
9714:
9710:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9665:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9620:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9596:
9593:
9588:
9585:
9581:
9580:
9567:
9554:
9541:
9528:
9521:
9514:
9501:
9494:
9486:
9485:
9481:
9478:
9474:
9470:
9467:
9464:
9460:
9457:
9453:
9452:
9448:
9445:
9441:
9437:
9434:
9431:
9427:
9424:
9420:
9419:
9414:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9382:
9378:
9377:
9368:
9359:
9350:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9322:
9317:
9314:ใใ ("because")
9311:
9310:
9308:
9298:
9291:
9283:
9282:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9265:
9260:
9258:
9255:ใช (imperative)
9252:
9251:
9249:
9245:
9241:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9229:
9228:
9224:
9221:
9217:
9213:
9210:
9207:
9203:
9200:
9196:
9195:
9189:
9184:
9178:
9172:
9169:
9166:
9160:
9155:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9142:
9138:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9093:
9092:
9084:
9077:
9069:
9061:
9054:
9047:
9038:
9029:
9028:ใจ (quotative)
9025:
9024:
9001:
8980:
8957:
8934:
8913:
8892:
8869:
8849:
8835:
8834:
8809:
8784:
8759:
8734:
8721:
8708:
8683:
8670:
8656:
8655:
8642:
8635:
8622:
8609:
8602:
8595:
8582:
8572:
8564:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8555:
8551:
8550:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8537:
8536:
8531:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8515:
8512:
8507:
8503:
8499:
8498:
8496:
8492:
8488:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8476:
8475:
8459:
8452:
8436:
8420:
8401:
8382:
8366:
8353:
8345:
8344:
8339:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8307:
8303:
8302:
8296:
8293:
8285:
8277:
8270:
8263:
8257:
8252:
8248:
8247:
8242:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8226:
8223:
8218:
8214:
8210:
8209:
8201:
8198:
8190:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8162:
8153:
8147:
8146:
8140:
8137:
8129:
8121:
8114:
8107:
8101:
8096:
8092:
8091:
8086:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8070:
8067:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8053:
8048:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8025:
8020:
8016:
8012:
8011:
8005:
7999:
7992:
7985:
7979:
7972:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7961:
7958:
7954:
7953:
7946:
7940:
7933:
7926:
7920:
7914:
7906:
7899:
7895:
7894:
7888:
7885:
7877:
7869:
7863:
7857:
7849:
7844:
7840:
7839:
7829:
7822:
7812:
7802:
7795:
7788:
7778:
7771:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7750:
7743:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7722:
7715:
7707:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7667:
7663:
7662:
7652:
7645:
7638:
7631:
7624:
7617:
7610:
7603:
7595:
7594:
7588:
7583:
7577:
7571:
7568:
7565:
7559:
7554:
7550:
7549:
7538:
7529:
7518:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7486:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7468:
7461:
7456:
7450:
7449:
7441:
7432:
7422:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7394:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7360:
7359:
7354:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7330:
7327:
7323:
7322:
7297:
7284:
7259:
7234:
7221:
7208:
7183:
7170:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7072:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7058:
7051:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7023:
7022:
7019:
7012:
7011:
7008:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6994:ใใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅฌใใใใ๏ผ
6992:
6991:ใใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅชใใใใ๏ผ
6989:
6986:
6983:
6980:
6960:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6947:
6944:
6941:
6938:
6934:
6933:
6930:
6927:
6924:
6921:
6918:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6872:
6869:
6865:
6864:
6861:
6858:
6855:
6852:
6849:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6821:
6818:
6815:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6800:
6797:
6794:
6790:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6764:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6740:
6737:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6714:
6713:
6710:
6707:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6685:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6663:
6660:
6657:
6654:
6643:
6642:
6639:
6628:
6627:
6620:
6619:
6616:
6597:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6565:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6538:
6535:
6532:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6519:
6516:
6511:
6508:
6505:
6500:
6497:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6473:
6470:
6466:
6465:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6437:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6418:
6415:
6412:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6399:
6396:
6391:
6388:
6385:
6380:
6377:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6359:
6356:
6353:
6350:
6347:
6342:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6331:
6326:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6273:
6266:
6265:Group R: ใใใใใญ
6263:
6255:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6231:
6228:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6145:
6142:
6139:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6112:
6111:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6096:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6045:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6009:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5942:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5676:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5637:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5609:
5606:
5603:
5600:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5570:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5518:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5508:
5505:
5502:
5499:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5306:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5280:
5277:
5274:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5210:
5207:
5204:
5201:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5161:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5145:ใใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅธฐใใใใ๏ผ
5143:
5137:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5129:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5101:
5098:
5095:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5075:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5021:
5014:
5013:
5010:
4999:
4998:
4991:
4990:
4987:
4984:
4981:
4978:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4947:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4901:
4898:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4866:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4850:
4847:
4844:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4793:
4790:
4787:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4707:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4693:
4689:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4351:Group K: ใใใใใญ
4349:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4066:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3850:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:Noun's accent
3520:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3497:
3489:
3488:Noun+auxiliary
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3425:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3370:
3369:
3355:
3341:
3327:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3286:
3275:
3264:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2853:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:Noun's accent
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2081:
2080:Short suffixes
2078:
2072:
2069:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2014:
2013:
2010:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1669:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:/ษธoRkuriษธuto/
1502:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:Kana spelling
1417:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1393:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1213:
1212:Tertiary pitch
1210:
1203:
1202:
1201:L-H๊L-L H๊L-L
1199:
1196:kabutte mitara
1191:
1190:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1150:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1092:็ฌฌ + ไธๆฌก + ไธ็ๅคงๆฆ
1090:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:L-H-H-H-H๊L-L
1071:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1018:
1017:
1016:L-H-H-H๊L-L-L
1013:
1012:
1008:
1007:
996:such as ไธไปฃไบคไปฃ (
966:
965:
958:
951:
944:
929:
928:
927:"World War I")
871:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
851:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
818:
817:
810:
803:
796:
789:
782:
747:
744:
743:
742:
735:
728:
717:
716:
703:
690:
673:
672:
651:
650:
639:
632:
619:
610:Middle Chinese
578:
575:
521:'chopsticks',
491:
490:
477:
476:
475:
474:("tail-high").
444:
431:
393:
390:
352:
349:
282:kลtei akusento
274:Kansai dialect
237:
231:
225:
215:
209:
203:
194:
193:
189:
188:
181:
170:
148:
145:
133:adding a topic
128:
117:
114:
95:
94:
93:
91:
84:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17399:
17388:
17385:
17383:
17380:
17379:
17377:
17360:
17357:
17356:
17355:
17352:
17348:
17345:
17344:
17343:
17340:
17338:
17335:
17333:
17330:
17329:
17327:
17325:
17321:
17313:
17310:
17309:
17308:
17307:Cyrillization
17305:
17301:
17298:
17296:
17295:Wฤpuro rลmaji
17293:
17291:
17288:
17286:
17283:
17281:
17278:
17276:
17273:
17272:
17271:
17268:
17267:
17265:
17261:
17253:
17250:
17248:
17245:
17243:
17240:
17239:
17237:
17235:
17232:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17221:
17219:
17217:
17213:
17207:
17204:
17202:
17199:
17197:
17195:
17190:
17188:
17186:
17181:
17179:
17176:
17174:
17171:
17169:
17166:
17164:
17161:
17159:
17156:
17152:
17149:
17147:
17144:
17143:
17142:
17140:
17135:
17133:
17130:
17128:
17126:
17125:yamato kotoba
17121:
17119:
17116:
17114:
17113:Counter words
17111:
17109:
17106:
17104:
17101:
17099:
17096:
17094:
17091:
17089:
17086:
17084:
17081:
17079:
17076:
17074:
17071:
17069:
17066:
17065:
17063:
17055:
17043:
17040:
17038:
17035:
17033:
17030:
17028:
17025:
17023:
17020:
17019:
17017:
17013:
17010:
17008:
17005:
17003:
17000:
16998:
16995:
16993:
16990:
16988:
16985:
16983:
16980:
16979:
16977:
16973:
16970:
16968:
16965:
16963:
16960:
16958:
16955:
16953:
16950:
16948:
16945:
16944:
16942:
16938:
16935:
16934:
16932:
16928:
16925:
16924:
16923:
16920:
16919:
16917:
16913:
16907:
16904:
16902:
16899:
16897:
16894:
16892:
16889:
16887:
16884:
16882:
16879:
16877:
16874:
16870:
16867:
16866:
16865:
16862:
16861:
16859:
16855:
16849:
16848:Kana ligature
16846:
16844:
16841:
16839:
16836:
16834:
16831:
16829:
16826:
16824:
16821:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16809:
16806:
16805:
16803:
16801:
16797:
16791:
16788:
16786:
16783:
16781:
16778:
16774:
16771:
16769:
16766:
16765:
16763:
16759:
16756:
16755:
16754:
16751:
16749:
16746:
16744:
16743:Script reform
16741:
16740:
16738:
16736:
16732:
16729:
16727:
16723:
16711:
16708:
16706:
16703:
16701:
16698:
16696:
16693:
16692:
16691:
16688:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16669:
16666:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16654:
16651:
16649:
16646:
16645:
16644:
16641:
16640:
16638:
16636:
16632:
16624:
16621:
16620:
16619:
16616:
16614:
16611:
16610:
16607:
16604:
16602:
16598:
16592:
16589:
16587:
16584:
16582:
16579:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16569:
16567:
16566:Bonin English
16564:
16562:
16559:
16558:
16556:
16554:
16550:
16540:
16537:
16535:
16532:
16531:
16529:
16527:
16523:
16517:
16516:
16512:
16508:
16505:
16503:
16500:
16498:
16495:
16493:
16490:
16486:
16483:
16482:
16481:
16478:
16477:
16476:
16475:
16471:
16467:
16464:
16463:
16462:
16461:
16457:
16456:
16454:
16452:
16451:
16446:
16440:
16439:
16435:
16429:
16426:
16425:
16423:
16419:
16416:
16415:
16413:
16412:
16411:
16410:
16406:
16402:
16399:
16397:
16394:
16392:
16389:
16388:
16387:
16386:
16382:
16378:
16375:
16373:
16370:
16368:
16365:
16363:
16360:
16359:
16358:
16357:
16353:
16346:
16343:
16342:
16341:
16338:
16337:
16336:
16335:
16331:
16330:
16328:
16326:
16325:
16320:
16310:
16307:
16305:
16302:
16300:
16297:
16295:
16292:
16291:
16289:
16285:
16282:
16281:
16279:
16275:
16272:
16270:
16267:
16266:
16264:
16263:
16262:
16261:
16257:
16253:
16250:
16246:
16243:
16241:
16238:
16237:
16235:
16231:
16228:
16226:
16223:
16221:
16218:
16217:
16215:
16214:
16213:
16212:
16208:
16202:
16199:
16197:
16194:
16193:
16191:
16187:
16184:
16182:
16179:
16177:
16174:
16173:
16171:
16170:
16169:
16168:
16164:
16162:
16159:
16158:
16156:
16154:
16153:
16148:
16145:
16143:
16139:
16133:
16130:
16128:
16125:
16123:
16120:
16118:
16115:
16114:
16112:
16110:Earlier forms
16108:
16104:
16097:
16092:
16090:
16085:
16083:
16078:
16077:
16074:
16068:
16065:
16063:
16060:
16058:
16055:
16054:
16049:
16040:
16035:
16023:
16021:9780887063602
16017:
16013:
16008:
16004:
16002:9780521360708
15998:
15994:
15989:
15985:
15981:
15977:
15972:
15968:
15966:9780300018134
15962:
15958:
15953:
15949:
15943:
15939:
15938:
15932:
15928:
15926:9784385136721
15922:
15915:
15910:
15906:
15902:
15894:
15892:
15891:9784490100235
15888:
15878:
15874:
15868:
15864:
15863:
15857:
15855:
15854:9780870403712
15851:
15846:
15841:
15837:
15833:
15829:
15825:
15822:(1): 86โ125.
15821:
15817:
15812:
15810:
15809:9783895860959
15806:
15801:
15796:
15795:
15783:
15779:
15775:
15772:'buying' and
15771:
15767:
15763:
15758:
15754:
15748:
15740:
15733:
15724:
15716:
15709:
15701:
15694:
15686:
15682:
15678:
15674:
15670:
15666:
15659:
15650:
15648:
15646:
15644:
15635:
15631:
15625:
15617:
15613:
15607:
15599:
15595:
15589:
15581:
15577:
15571:
15563:
15559:
15553:
15545:
15534:
15526:
15515:
15513:
15511:
15502:
15496:
15494:
15486:. Tokyo: ๅๆ้คจ.
15485:
15478:
15476:
15467:
15460:
15458:
15456:
15454:
15452:
15443:
15436:
15428:
15427:่คๅๅ่ฉใฎ็บ้ณใจใขใฏใปใณใ
15421:
15419:
15410:
15406:
15399:
15393:
15392:
15386:
15378:
15372:
15364:
15362:9780199545834
15358:
15354:
15353:
15345:
15343:
15341:
15339:
15337:
15335:
15328:
15327:
15321:
15319:
15312:
15311:
15305:
15303:
15298:
15284:
15283:
15276:
15269:
15268:
15261:
15252:
15250:
15240:
15236:
15228:
15226:
15222:
15213:/ka๊i/,/sa๊ษด/
15210:
15201:
15192:
15188:
15184:
15174:
15172:
15159:
15153:in Tokyo but
15148:
15141:in Tokyo but
15136:
15129:in Tokyo but
15124:
15113:
15111:
15107:
15103:
15099:
15084:
15083:
15082:
15080:
15075:
15073:
15059:
15058:
15057:
15055:
15051:
15042:, no accent:
15037:
15031:
15023:
15022:
15021:
15019:
15015:
15011:
15008:in Osaka and
15007:
15003:
14999:
14995:
14984:, no accent:
14979:
14973:
14965:
14964:
14963:
14961:
14957:
14944:(transcribed
14943:
14938:
14925:
14922:
14916:
14915:
14902:
14899:
14895:
14882:
14879:
14876:
14873:
14869:
14856:
14853:
14849:
14836:
14833:
14830:
14827:
14826:
14813:
14810:
14807:
14804:
14797:
14794:
14791:
14785:
14784:
14771:
14768:
14765:
14762:
14759:
14758:
14745:
14742:
14738:
14725:
14722:
14719:
14716:
14715:
14702:
14699:
14696:
14693:
14689:
14676:
14673:
14669:
14656:
14653:
14650:
14647:
14646:
14633:
14630:
14627:
14624:
14617:
14613:
14610:
14608:two-mora word
14607:
14604:
14602:accented mora
14601:
14599:
14592:
14590:
14586:
14582:
14576:
14566:
14563:
14557:
14551:
14546:
14536:
14534:
14530:
14526:
14522:
14520:
14516:
14506:
14501:
14500:
14499:
14497:
14494:
14490:
14487:
14483:
14479:
14474:
14470:
14460:
14458:
14454:
14449:
14445:
14440:
14438:
14434:
14430:
14426:
14422:
14418:
14414:
14409:
14402:
14384:
14369:
14363:
14362:
14356:
14341:
14336:
14321:
14318:
14315:
14314:
14308:
14293:
14288:
14273:
14268:
14253:
14250:
14249:
14243:
14228:
14221:
14206:
14199:
14184:
14179:
14178:
14174:
14171:
14168:
14165:
14164:
14158:
14156:
14152:
14148:
14143:
14139:
14134:
14121:
14115:
14101:
14088:
14087:
14081:
14079:
14066:
14059:
14051:
14037:
14030:
14023:
14021:
14017:
14010:
14003:
14000:
13997:
13996:
13992:
13985:
13978:
13973:
13966:
13959:
13956:
13953:
13952:
13948:
13941:
13934:
13932:at the fence
13931:
13924:
13917:
13914:
13907:
13900:
13897:
13894:
13893:
13889:
13882:
13875:
13872:
13865:
13858:
13855:
13848:
13841:
13838:
13835:
13834:
13828:
13821:
13814:
13811:
13804:
13797:
13794:
13791:
13790:
13786:
13779:
13772:
13769:
13762:
13755:
13752:
13745:
13738:
13735:
13732:
13731:
13727:
13720:
13713:
13710:
13703:
13696:
13693:
13686:
13679:
13676:
13673:
13672:
13660:Romanization
13659:
13658:
13655:
13654:
13651:
13649:
13625:
13608:
13606:
13602:
13597:
13594:
13590:
13586:
13576:
13558:
13557:
13555:
13523:
13522:
13520:
13511:
13510:
13508:
13499:
13498:
13496:
13475:
13474:
13472:
13451:
13450:
13448:
13427:
13408:
13407:
13405:
13388:
13387:
13385:
13368:
13367:
13365:
13356:
13355:
13353:
13340:
13339:
13337:
13328:
13327:
13325:
13316:
13315:
13313:
13308:
13305:
13302:
13299:
13296:
13293:
13290:
13287:
13283:
13280:
13279:
13277:
13276:
13274:
13269:
13266:
13263:
13262:
13260:
13237:
13236:
13234:
13206:
13205:
13203:
13199:ใใใ
ใฃใ๊ใใปใใฃใ๊ใ
13182:
13181:
13179:
13175:ใใใ
ใฃใ๊ใใปใใฃใ๊ใ
13158:
13157:
13155:
13151:ใใใ
ใฃใ๊ใใปใใฃใ๊ใ
13138:
13137:
13135:
13130:
13127:
13124:
13121:
13118:
13115:
13112:
13109:
13108:
13106:
13105:
13103:
13072:
13071:
13069:
13033:
13032:
13030:
13009:
13008:
13006:
12989:
12988:
12986:
12981:
12978:
12975:
12974:
12972:
12971:
12969:
12950:
12949:
12947:
12926:
12925:
12923:
12918:
12915:
12911:
12908:
12905:
12904:
12902:
12901:
12899:
12898:
12897:
12873:
12859:
12849:
12848:
12846:
12830:
12816:
12802:
12788:
12774:
12760:
12746:
12736:
12726:
12725:
12723:
12711:
12701:
12691:
12681:
12671:
12661:
12651:
12641:
12631:
12621:
12611:
12610:
12607:
12606:
12605:
12592:
12582:
12572:
12571:
12570:
12557:
12547:
12537:
12527:
12517:
12507:
12497:
12487:
12477:
12476:
12475:
12469:
12466:
12463:
12460:
12457:
12454:
12451:
12450:
12449:
12442:
12440:
12438:
12436:
12434:
12432:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12421:
12418:
12415:
12414:
12411:
12408:
12405:
12402:
12399:
12396:
12393:
12390:
12387:
12384:
12381:
12378:
12375:
12371:
12368:
12365:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12346:
12343:
12340:
12337:
12334:
12331:
12330:
12327:
12324:
12321:
12318:
12316:
12313:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12302:
12299:
12296:
12293:
12292:
12289:
12286:
12283:
12280:
12278:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12264:
12261:
12258:
12255:
12251:
12248:
12245:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12231:
12229:
12226:
12223:
12220:
12217:
12214:
12211:
12210:
12207:
12204:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12190:
12188:
12185:
12182:
12179:
12176:
12173:
12170:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12162:
12160:
12158:
12156:
12154:
12152:
12150:
12148:
12145:
12142:
12139:
12138:
12135:
12132:
12129:
12126:
12123:
12120:
12117:
12114:
12111:
12108:
12105:
12102:
12099:
12095:
12092:
12089:
12086:
12083:
12080:
12077:
12074:
12071:
12068:
12065:
12062:
12059:
12056:
12053:
12052:
12049:
12046:
12043:
12040:
12038:
12035:
12032:
12029:
12026:
12023:
12020:
12017:
12014:
12011:
12010:
12006:
12003:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11988:
11985:
11982:
11979:
11976:
11973:
11970:
11969:
11965:
11963:ร100,000,000
11962:
11959:
11950:
11947:
11944:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11920:
11918:
11907:
11903:
11900:
11897:
11894:
11891:
11890:
11882:
11875:
11870:
11865:
11860:
11855:
11854:
11846:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11818:
11810:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11788:
11783:
11782:
11778:
11775:
11772:
11769:
11766:
11763:
11762:
11758:
11755:
11752:
11749:
11746:
11743:
11742:
11735:
11731:
11724:
11718:
11712:
11709:
11708:
11702:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11680:
11679:
11676:
11674:
11670:
11657:
11654:
11651:
11648:
11645:
11642:
11639:
11636:
11633:
11630:
11629:
11628:
11626:
11625:
11617:Trailing ่ฃๅฉๅ่ฉ
11609:
11606:
11601:
11600:
11593:
11590:
11585:
11584:
11575:
11572:
11567:
11566:
11559:
11556:
11551:
11550:
11542:
11537:
11532:
11531:
11511:
11498:
11489:
11488:
11483:
11480:
11475:
11474:
11467:
11464:
11459:
11458:
11448:
11441:
11436:
11431:
11424:
11423:
11416:
11412:
11409:
11406:
11401:
11400:
11394:
11391:
11388:
11385:
11380:
11379:
11370:
11366:
11363:
11360:
11355:
11354:
11340:
11329:
11320:
11311:
11302:
11301:
11291:
11284:
11279:
11274:
11267:
11266:
11256:
11249:
11244:
11239:
11232:
11231:
11225:
11222:
11217:
11212:
11207:
11206:
11200:
11197:
11194:
11191:
11186:
11185:
11173:
11164:
11155:
11146:
11135:
11134:
11122:
11113:
11100:
11091:
11086:
11085:
11079:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11049:
11046:
11043:
11042:
11035:
11028:
11022:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11000:
10997:
10994:
10993:
10980:
10973:
10966:
10965:
10958:
10954:
10951:
10948:
10943:
10942:
10903:
10867:
10840:
10813:
10788:
10787:
10771:
10758:
10749:
10740:
10729:
10728:
10722:
10719:
10716:
10713:
10708:
10707:
10701:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10682:
10669:
10659:
10648:
10637:
10626:
10625:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10597:
10596:
10589:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10562:
10561:
10547:
10530:
10517:
10504:
10487:
10470:
10459:
10458:
10450:
10445:
10438:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10403:
10392:
10385:
10375:
10365:
10358:
10351:
10342:
10341:
10330:
10323:
10313:
10303:
10296:
10289:
10279:
10272:
10265:
10264:
10258:
10255:
10252:
10249:
10244:
10243:
10231:
10222:
10215:
10208:
10201:
10200:
10190:
10183:
10174:
10165:
10158:
10151:
10142:
10135:
10130:
10129:
10123:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10105:
10101:
10096:
10092:
10089:
10088:
10082:
10078:
10073:
10068:
10064:
10060:
10055:
10051:
10048:
10047:
10041:
10038:
10035:
10034:
10026:
10016:
10009:
10002:
9992:
9982:
9969:
9959:
9952:
9951:
9945:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9904:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9873:
9870:
9869:
9862:
9858:
9855:
9852:
9848:
9845:
9842:
9841:
9828:
9818:
9808:
9798:
9789:
9780:
9772:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9757:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9741:
9738:
9733:
9729:
9726:
9725:
9718:
9715:
9712:
9711:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9667:
9666:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9622:
9621:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9597:
9594:
9589:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9568:
9555:
9542:
9529:
9522:
9515:
9502:
9495:
9488:
9487:
9482:
9479:
9475:
9471:
9468:
9465:
9461:
9458:
9455:
9454:
9449:
9446:
9442:
9438:
9435:
9432:
9428:
9425:
9422:
9421:
9415:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9383:
9380:
9379:
9369:
9360:
9351:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9312:
9299:
9292:
9285:
9284:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9254:
9253:
9246:
9242:
9239:
9236:
9231:
9230:
9225:
9222:
9218:
9214:
9211:
9208:
9204:
9201:
9198:
9197:
9190:
9185:
9179:
9173:
9170:
9167:
9161:
9156:
9153:
9152:
9146:
9143:
9140:
9139:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9095:
9094:
9085:
9078:
9070:
9062:
9055:
9048:
9039:
9030:
9027:
9026:
9002:
8981:
8958:
8935:
8914:
8893:
8870:
8850:
8837:
8836:
8810:
8785:
8760:
8735:
8722:
8709:
8684:
8671:
8658:
8657:
8643:
8636:
8623:
8610:
8603:
8596:
8583:
8573:
8566:
8565:
8559:
8556:
8554:ใฎ (genitive)
8553:
8552:
8547:
8544:
8539:
8538:
8532:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8516:
8513:
8508:
8504:
8502:ใ (particle)
8501:
8500:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8483:
8478:
8477:
8460:
8453:
8437:
8421:
8402:
8383:
8367:
8354:
8347:
8346:
8340:
8337:
8332:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8308:
8305:
8304:
8297:
8294:
8286:
8278:
8271:
8264:
8258:
8253:
8250:
8249:
8243:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8227:
8224:
8219:
8215:
8212:
8211:
8202:
8199:
8191:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8163:
8154:
8149:
8148:
8141:
8138:
8130:
8122:
8115:
8108:
8102:
8097:
8094:
8093:
8087:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8063:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8049:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8017:
8014:
8013:
8006:
8000:
7993:
7986:
7980:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7962:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7947:
7941:
7934:
7927:
7921:
7915:
7907:
7900:
7897:
7896:
7889:
7886:
7878:
7870:
7864:
7858:
7850:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7830:
7823:
7813:
7803:
7796:
7789:
7779:
7772:
7765:
7764:
7751:
7744:
7737:
7736:
7723:
7716:
7709:
7708:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7653:
7646:
7639:
7632:
7625:
7618:
7611:
7604:
7597:
7596:
7589:
7584:
7578:
7572:
7569:
7566:
7560:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7539:
7530:
7519:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7487:
7478:
7473:
7472:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7451:
7442:
7433:
7423:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7395:
7388:
7385:
7384:
7377:
7373:
7370:
7367:
7362:
7361:
7355:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7339:
7336:
7331:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7298:
7285:
7260:
7235:
7222:
7209:
7184:
7171:
7158:
7157:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7115:
7112:่ตทไผ adjective
7111:
7109:ๅนณๆฟ adjective
7108:
7105:
7102:
7099:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7080:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7055:
7054:
7048:
7045:
7042:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7009:
7006:
7005:
7004:
6993:
6990:
6988:ใฟใใใใ๊ใ๏ผ็ญใใใ๏ผ
6987:
6985:ใคใใใ๊ใ๏ผๅทใใใใ๏ผ
6984:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6976:
6975:is accented:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6951:
6948:
6945:
6942:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6915:
6911:
6908:
6905:
6902:
6899:
6896:
6895:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6873:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6842:
6839:
6836:
6833:
6830:
6827:
6826:
6819:
6813:
6807:
6801:
6798:
6795:
6791:
6769:
6761:
6758:
6752:
6749:
6746:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6731:
6730:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6711:
6708:
6705:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6697:
6689:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6678:
6667:
6664:
6661:
6658:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6640:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6586:ใช๊ใ โ ใช๊ใ๏ผ็กใ๏ผ
6585:
6584:
6583:
6581:
6577:
6569:
6566:
6564:ใใคใ โ ใใคใ๏ผๅใ๏ผ
6563:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6544:
6539:
6536:
6533:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6512:
6509:
6506:
6501:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6490:
6485:
6482:
6479:
6474:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6460:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6424:
6419:
6416:
6413:
6408:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6392:
6389:
6386:
6381:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6368:
6360:
6354:
6348:
6343:
6340:
6337:
6333:
6303:
6302:
6294:
6291:
6285:
6282:
6277:
6274:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6246:
6243:
6240:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6187:
6184:
6181:
6177:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6120:
6117:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6091:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5936:
5919:
5911:
5908:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5894:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5760:
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5740:
5734:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5715:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5645:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5564:
5547:
5539:
5536:
5530:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5407:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5315:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5298:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5278:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5208:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5183:
5166:
5158:
5155:
5149:
5144:
5142:ใใใใ๊ใ๏ผๆฅใใใใ๏ผ
5141:
5140:
5138:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5122:
5111:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5092:
5091:
5085:
5082:
5079:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5031:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5017:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5004:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4974:
4963:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4931:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4910:
4905:
4902:
4899:
4894:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4872:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4848:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4794:
4791:
4788:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4751:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4729:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4713:
4708:
4705:
4702:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4648:
4644:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4445:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4407:
4377:
4376:
4368:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3961:
3939:
3931:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3820:
3817:
3814:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3641:
3638:
3635:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3535:
3534:
3526:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3440:
3437:
3426:
3415:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3356:
3342:
3328:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3298:
3287:
3276:
3265:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2758:
2752:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:Noun+particle
2713:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2419:Long suffixes
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2065:Sino-Japanese
2053:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1715:
1710:ใฎ๊ใ โ ใฎ๊ใฟ๏ผ้ฃฒใฟ๏ผ
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1676:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1633:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1333:New analysis
1332:
1330:Old analysis
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1280:New analysis
1279:
1277:Old analysis
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:shinkyลซ-kลtai
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
963:
959:
956:
952:
949:
945:
942:
938:
937:
936:
934:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:
908:
905:
903:
901:
895:
893:
888:
886:
881:
879:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
852:
849:a-ra-i-ma-su
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
832:
829:
827:
823:
822:free morpheme
815:
811:
808:
804:
801:
797:
794:
790:
787:
783:
780:
776:
775:
774:
772:
758:
753:
740:
736:
733:
729:
726:
722:
721:
720:
714:
710:
709:
704:
701:
697:
696:
691:
688:
684:
683:
678:
677:
676:
670:
666:
665:
660:
659:
658:
656:
648:
644:
640:
637:
633:
630:
626:
625:
620:
617:
616:
611:
607:
603:
602:
601:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
583:akusento kaku
574:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
530:
528:
525:'bridge', or
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
488:
478:
473:
464:
455:
445:
442:
432:
429:
428:atamadakagata
419:
415:
411:
410:
408:
399:
398:
397:
389:
387:
386:
380:
372:
366:ๆฐๆ่งฃๆฅๆฌ่ชใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ
362:
358:
348:
336:
321:
316:
302:
297:
283:
277:
275:
271:
270:Tokyo dialect
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:
222:
200:
186:
182:
179:
171:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
139:
138:main category
135:
134:
129:
126:
122:
118:
116:
115:
109:
107:(August 2018)
103:
101:
96:You can help
92:
83:
82:
73:
70:
62:
59:February 2008
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
17300:In Esperanto
17270:Romanization
17224:Pitch accent
17223:
17206:Dictionaries
17193:
17185:nyลbล kotoba
17184:
17138:
17137:Loan words (
17124:
17108:Topic marker
17022:ARIB STD B24
16768:by frequency
16648:Amami ลshima
16525:
16514:
16473:
16459:
16449:
16437:
16424:East San'in
16408:
16384:
16355:
16333:
16323:
16259:
16210:
16166:
16151:
16132:Early Modern
16122:Early Middle
16011:
15992:
15975:
15956:
15936:
15913:
15861:
15844:
15819:
15815:
15799:
15792:Bibliography
15781:
15780:'shell' and
15777:
15773:
15769:
15765:
15761:
15756:
15752:
15747:
15738:
15732:
15723:
15714:
15708:
15699:
15693:
15668:
15664:
15658:
15633:
15624:
15615:
15606:
15597:
15588:
15579:
15570:
15561:
15552:
15539:
15533:
15520:
15500:
15483:
15465:
15441:
15435:
15426:
15404:
15398:
15389:
15385:
15376:
15371:
15351:
15324:
15308:
15280:
15275:
15265:
15260:
15239:
15220:
15208:
15199:
15190:
15186:
15182:
15180:
15173:in Shikoku.
15160:
15146:
15134:
15122:
15119:
15109:
15105:
15101:
15097:
15095:
15076:
15071:
15070:
15048:
15029:
15028:, accent on
15017:
15013:
15009:
15005:
15001:
14997:
14993:
14990:
14971:
14970:, accent on
14959:
14955:
14953:
14900:/หฉkusu๊ri/
14880:/หฉharu๊ษกa/
14857:'to get up'
14802:(no accent)
14622:(no accent)
14578:
14542:
14524:
14523:
14512:
14495:
14488:
14481:
14477:
14468:
14466:
14441:
14410:
14407:
14182:(no accent)
14154:
14150:
14146:
14144:
14119:
14113:
14099:
14084:
14082:
14077:
14064:
14057:
14049:
14047:
13998:
13954:
13895:
13836:
13829:living room
13792:
13787:at the edge
13733:
13674:
13645:
13598:
13589:native nouns
13582:
13574:
13542:ใฏใกใ๊ใใใปใใ๊ใใ
13215:ใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใ
13191:ใใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใ
13167:ใปใใ๊ใใใใใ๊ใใ
13143:ใใใ๊ใใใใฃใ๊ใใ
12895:
12834:+ ใใใ
ใใใก๊ โ
12603:
12568:
12473:
12447:
11960:ร10,000,000
11926:
11916:
11914:
11668:
11666:
11622:
11620:
9953:ใใจ ("every")
8838:ใจ (parallel)
7957:ใ (calling)
7077:
7074:
7052:
7035:
7024:
7013:
7002:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6962:
6756:
6728:
6715:
6699:
6695:
6693:
6679:
6676:
6646:
6644:
6631:
6629:
6621:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6598:
6579:
6575:
6573:
6557:
6555:
6464:Deaccented.
6289:
6257:
6166:
6019:
5906:
5897:Group k: ใใปใ
5892:
5800:
5647:
5534:
5520:
5422:
5268:
5153:
5120:
5089:
5069:
5052:
5050:
5015:
5002:
5000:
4992:
4972:
4964:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใฐ๏ผๆไผใใฐ๏ผ
4952:ใใใ๊ใใฐ๏ผไฟกใใใฐ๏ผ
4949:ใใใน๊ใใฐ๏ผ่ชฟในใใฐ๏ผ
4941:
4932:ใใใใ๊ใฐ๏ผๆใใใฐ๏ผ
4929:ใใในใ๊ใฐ๏ผๆฏในใใฐ๏ผ
4921:
4773:
4687:Deaccented.
4534:
4363:
4343:
4236:
4062:
3926:
3923:Group I: ใชใใ
3914:Group F: ใฆใปใง
3909:
3875:
3831:
3521:
3491:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3371:
3310:
3249:
3221:
3192:
2942:Deaccented.
2922:Deaccented.
2756:
2719:
2711:
2683:
2667:
2656:
2642:
2619:
2605:
2591:
2577:
2561:
2547:
2524:
2510:
2499:
2491:
2474:
2451:
2443:
2422:
2388:
2347:
2330:
2244:
2197:
2120:
2083:
2074:
2062:
2049:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2015:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1982:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1922:
1920:
1909:
1892:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1810:
1761:
1726:
1713:
1702:
1699:
1684:
1682:
1674:
1644:
1617:
1594:
1569:
1544:
1529:
1515:
1507:H-H-H-H๊L-L
1498:"forklift")
1495:
1470:
1457:
1443:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1356:
1339:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1301:
1286:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:vs "flower"
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1206:
1195:
1189:H๊L-L L-H๊L
1184:umi-de oyogi
1183:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1115:Binary pitch
1082:
1049:
1047:
1023:
1021:
997:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
967:
961:
954:
947:
940:
932:
930:
924:
920:
916:
912:
906:
899:
897:
891:
890:
884:
883:
877:
876:
874:
819:
813:
806:
799:
792:
785:
778:
770:
749:
738:
731:
724:
718:
712:
706:
699:
693:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
654:
652:
646:
628:
622:
613:
605:
598:tokushu haku
597:
594:jiritsu haku
593:
591:
586:
582:
580:
567:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
492:
486:
471:
462:
453:
441:nakadakagata
440:
427:
406:
395:
392:Scalar pitch
383:
381:
370:
360:
354:
278:
249:pitch accent
246:
245:
220:
160:edit summary
151:
131:
105:
97:
65:
56:
37:
17280:Nihon-shiki
17163:Wasei-kango
17098:Possessives
17058:Grammar and
16891:Modern kana
16876:Punctuation
16857:Orthography
16678:Tokunoshima
16290:Gifu-Aichi
16260:TลkaiโTลsan
16127:Late Middle
15484:ๅฝ่ชใฎ็บ้ณใจใขใฏใปใณใ
15202:'shell' or
15149:'river' is
15125:'heart' is
15026:/หฉomo๊naษกa/
14923:/หฉmaQti๊/
14903:'medicine'
14811:/หฉkikara/
14746:'be white'
14723:/ka๊waษกa/
14700:/hi๊kara/
14415:, northern
14133:oyaji gyagu
13694:chopsticks
13669:Accentless
11957:ร1,000,000
9286:ใใ ("from")
7375:ใใใน๊ใใใใฎ๊ใ
6979:ใชใใ๊ใ๏ผ็กใใใ๏ผ
6750:Group p: ใงใ
6179:Pentagrade
6032:Pentagrade
5903:Group m: ใพใ
5813:Pentagrade
5660:Pentagrade
5528:Group i: ใชใ
5444:Pentagrade
5290:Pentagrade
5150:Group g: ใพใ
4938:ใใใชใ๊ใฐ๏ผ่กใใฐ๏ผ
4805:Pentagrade
4566:Pentagrade
4249:Pentagrade
3409:+ ใฎ + ใ๊ โ
3379:+ ใฎ + ใฒ๊ โ
1707:ใฎใ โ ใฎใ๏ผไนใ๏ผ
1572:"America")
1089:็ฌฌไธๆฌก + ไธ็ๅคงๆฆ
998:sedai-kลtai
955:shusenjล-to
946:็ฌฌไธๆฌกไธ็ๅคงๆฆใงใฏ (
843:chi-chi-ga
837:ryo-o-ri-o
687:Hakusan-shi
487:heibanshiki
416:, then the
407:kifukushiki
260:particular
102:in Japanese
51:introducing
17376:Categories
17324:Literature
17194:yakuwarigo
17178:Honorifics
17158:Wasei-eigo
17146:from Dutch
17093:Adjectives
17060:vocabulary
16838:Hentaigana
16833:Man'yลgana
16673:Okinoerabu
16377:Okuyoshino
15917:ๆฐๆ่งฃใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ
15293:References
15225:black kite
15145:in Osaka;
15137:'word' is
15133:in Osaka;
14980:High tone
14966:High tone
14877:/หฉharu๊/
14854:/หฉokiru/
14834:/หฉitoษกa/
14769:/ata๊ma/
14743:/si๊roi/
14674:/jameru/
14654:/kazeษกa/
14631:/kikara/
14619:high tone
14573:See also:
14486:nominative
14423:, most of
14419:, most of
13890:persimmon
13648:media help
12929:ใ๊ใใใปใ๊ใใใ
12883:ใใฒใใใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12879:ใใฒใใใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12875:ใใฒใใใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12869:ใใฒใใใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12865:ใใฒใใใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12861:ใใฒใใใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12855:ใใฒใใใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12851:ใใฒใใใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12838:ใใใ
ใใใก or
12820:+ ใใใ
๊ใ โ
12806:+ ใซ๊ใใ
ใ โ
12403:ใใ
ใใฒใใใพ๊ใ
12400:ใใ
๊ใใฒใใใพใ
12397:ใใ
ใใใ
๊ใใพใ
12394:ใใ
ใใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12391:ใใ
๊ใใใ
ใใพใ
11067:ใใใน๊ใใงใใใ
10960:ใใ๊ใใงใใช๊ใ
10956:ใใ๊ในใฆใใช๊ใ
10311:ใใใน๊ใใฟใใใช
10172:ใใในใใฉ๊ใใใฎ
9540:ใใใน๊ใใใใฉใ
9500:ใใใใ ๊ใใใฉใ
8479:ใซ๏ผ๏ฝ่กใใปๆฅใ๏ผ
7379:ใใ๊ใใใใฎ๊ใ
6089:Monograde
5941:Monograde
5720:Monograde
5569:Monograde
5347:Monograde
5188:Monograde
5047:ใฆใคใ ๊ใ๏ผๆไผใ๏ผ
5035:ใใใ๊ใ๏ผไฟกใใ๏ผ
5032:ใใใ๊ใ๏ผไฟกใใ๏ผ
5029:ใใใน๊ใ๏ผ่ชฟในใ๏ผ
5026:ใใใน๊ใ๏ผ่ชฟในใ๏ผ
5012:ใใใ๊ใ๏ผๆใใ๏ผ
5009:ใใใน๊ใ๏ผๆฏในใ๏ผ
4983:ใใใใ๊๏ผๆใใ๏ผ
4980:ใใในใ๊๏ผๆฏในใ๏ผ
4961:ใชใ๊ใใฐ๏ผ็ฟใใฐ๏ผ
4958:ใ๊ใใใฐ๏ผๅธฐใใฐ๏ผ
4653:Monograde
4412:Monograde
4141:Monograde
4074:Pentagrade
3416:ใ๊ใ + ใฎ +
3399:+ ใฎ + ใ โ
3389:+ ใฎ + ใ โ
1597:"yellow")
1581:free mora
1578:/amerika/
1526:/seQpuku/
1496:fลkurifuto
1304:"bridge")
1236:"flower",
1228:"bridge",
994:yojijukugo
941:Yลroppa-wa
869:L-H-H-H๊L
739:gendai-kko
725:Rondon-kko
713:Sendai-shi
369:) and the
34:references
17216:Phonology
17103:Particles
17042:Half/Full
16972:Shift JIS
16901:Yotsugana
16881:Kanazukai
16823:Okurigana
16735:Logograms
16347:Shiramine
16192:Southern
16172:Northern
15905:0288-0008
15882:ๅ
จๅฝใขใฏใปใณใ่พๅ
ธ
15741:. vol. 2.
15671:: 31โ40.
15163:/shiro๊i/
15143:/koto๊ba/
15139:/kotoba๊/
15131:/ko๊koro/
15127:/koko๊ro/
15038:Low tone
15024:Low tone
14883:'spring'
14837:'thread'
14808:/หฉkiษกa/
14799:low tone
14720:/ka๊wa/
14697:/hi๊ษกa/
14455:, around
14371:/kotoba๊/
14343:/tama๊ษกo/
14093:้งๆด่ฝ, ใ ใใใ
14069:/hasi๊ni/
14020:sticks of
13919:/kaki๊ni/
13902:/ka๊kini/
13757:/hasi๊ni/
13740:/ha๊sini/
13042:ใปใใฉ๊ใใใฉ๊ใ
12406:ใใ
ใใใใพ๊ใ
12360:ใฏใฃใดใใใพ๊ใ
12355:ใฏใกใใ
๊ใใพใ
12352:ใฏใกใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12319:ใใกใฒใใใพ๊ใ
12314:ใใกใใ
๊ใใพใ
12311:ใใกใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12281:ใชใชใฒใใใพ๊ใ
12276:ใชใชใใ
๊ใใพใ
12273:ใชใชใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12240:ใใฃใดใใใพ๊ใ
12235:ใใใใ
๊ใใพใ
12232:ใใใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12127:ใใใฒใใใพ๊ใ
12124:ใ๊ใใฒใใใพใ
12121:ใใใใ
๊ใใพใ
12118:ใใใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12115:ใ๊ใใใ
ใใพใ
12084:ใใใณใใใพ๊ใ
12081:ใ๊ใใณใใใพใ
12078:ใใใใ
๊ใใพใ
12075:ใใใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12072:ใ๊ใใใ
ใใพใ
11954:ร100,000
11868:ใใใใช๊ใใฃใ
11663:ใใ and ๆฅใ
11563:ใใ๊ใใใช๊ใ
11349:ใใใ๊ใชใใฃใ
11338:ใใใน๊ใชใใฃใ
11327:ใใใใช๊ใใฃใ
11082:ใใ๊ใใงใใใ
11077:ใใ๊ใใงใใใ
11072:ใใ๊ใใงใใใ
11062:ใใใ๊ใงใใใ
11057:ใใณใ๊ใงใใใ
11047:ใใใใงใใ๊ใ
11020:ใใใน๊ใใ ใใ
10793:ใฆใฐใใใปใงใฐใใ
10677:ใใใใ๊ใใใฐ
10667:ใใในใ๊ใใใฐ
10657:ใใใใ๊ใใใฐ
10436:ใใใน๊ใใใใ
10412:ใใใใ ใ๊ใใ
10373:ใใใน๊ใใใใซ
10338:ใ๊ใใใฟใใใช
10328:ใใใใฟ๊ใใใช
10321:ใใ๊ใใฟใใใช
10309:ใใใน๊ใใฟใใใ
10301:ใใใใฟ๊ใใใช
10294:ใใณใใฟ๊ใใใช
10277:ใใใใฟ๊ใใใช
10197:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใฎ
10188:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใฎ
10181:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใฎ
10170:ใใในใใฉ๊ใใใ
10168:ใใใน๊ใใฉใใใฎ
10166:ใใใน๊ใใฉใใใ
10163:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใฎ
10156:ใใณใใฉ๊ใใใฎ
10140:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใฎ
10112:ใใในใใฐ๊ใใ
10071:ใใในใใ๊ใใ
10007:ใใใน๊ใใใจใฎ
9747:ใใใน๊ใใใใ
9579:ใใ๊ใใใใฉใ
9566:ใใใ๊ใใใฉใ
9553:ใใ๊ใใใใฉใ
9527:ใใใ๊ใใใฉใ
9520:ใใณใ๊ใใใฉใ
9513:ใ๊ใใ ใใใฉใ
9381:ใ (case)
9349:ใใใน๊ใใใใฏ
9321:ใใใใ ๊ใใใฏ
8868:ใใใใจใฐ๊ใใ
8758:ใใใน๊ใใฎใงใ
8682:ใใใใช๊ใฎใงใ
8567:ใฎ๏ผ๏ฝใใฎใปใใจ๏ผ
7811:ใใใน๊ใใปใฉใ
7517:ใใใน๊ใใชใใฐ
7345:ใใใน๊ใใใใ
7258:ใใใน๊ใใ ใใ
6952:ใใใใใใ๊ใ
6946:ใใใ๊ใใ ใใ
6943:ใใใ๊ใใใใ
6932:ใฟใใใใใ๊ใ
6926:ใฟใใ๊ใใ ใใ
6923:ใฟใใ๊ใใใใ
6863:ใใใใใใ๊ใ
6857:ใใใใใ ใ๊ใ
6854:ใใใใใ๊ใใ
6843:ใคใใใใใ๊ใ
6837:ใคใใใใ ใ๊ใ
6834:ใคใใใใ๊ใใ
6542:ใใใ๊ใใใใ
6515:ใฟใใ๊ใใใใ
6422:ใใใ๊ใใใใ
6395:ใคใใ๊ใใใใ
5507:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใ ใใ
5504:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใใใ
5436:ใใใ๊ใใ ใใ
5433:ใใใ๊ใใใใ
5414:ใใใ๊ใใ ใใ
5411:ใใใ๊ใใใใ
5397:ใใใน๊ใใ ใใ
5394:ใใใน๊ใใใใ
5336:ใใใชใใ ใ๊ใ
5333:ใใใชใใ๊ใใ
5282:ใใใใใ ใ๊ใ
5279:ใใใใใ๊ใใ
5260:ใใใใใ ใ๊ใ
5257:ใใใใใ๊ใใ
5243:ใใในใใ ใ๊ใ
5240:ใใในใใ๊ใใ
4989:ใใใชใ๊๏ผ่กใ๏ผ
4955:ใช๊ใใฐ๏ผๆใใฐ๏ผ
4946:ใ๊ใใฐ๏ผๅฐใใฐ๏ผ
4935:ใชใ๊ใฐ๏ผ้ณดใใฐ๏ผ
4926:ใใ๊ใฐ๏ผๅฑ
ใใฐ๏ผ
4908:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใใใ
4797:ใใใ๊ใใใใ
4765:ใใใ๊ใใใใ
4738:ใใใน๊ใใใใ
4642:ใใใชใ๊ใใใ
4558:ใใใใ๊ใใใ
4526:ใใใใ๊ใใใ
4499:ใใในใ๊ใใใ
4333:ใฆใคใ ใใช๊ใใ
3967:Monograde
3833:include:
3758:ใฎใฟใใฎใใ๊ใ
3755:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใ ใใ
3738:ใฟใใใฟใใ๊ใ
3735:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใ ใใ
3695:ใใใใจใใ๊ใ
3692:ใใใใจ๊ใ ใใ
3427:ใ๊ + ใฎ +
3089:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใใใ
3060:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใใใ
2997:ใใใใจ๊ใใใ
2084:For many
1665:terracing
1647:linguists
1547:"lover")
1494:ใใฉใผใฏใชใใ (
1481:/koRban/
1378:atamadaka
1321:) words:
1315:atamadaka
1166:downdrift
834:ha-ha-ga
814:arai-masu
800:chichi-ga
752:Hashimoto
732:Tลkyล-kko
700:Saijล-shi
669:Chiba-shi
539:omoshirรณi
472:odakagata
258:accenting
247:Japanese
178:talk page
130:Consider
17139:gairaigo
17118:Numerals
17088:Pronouns
17027:Enclosed
17007:Katakana
16982:Hiragana
16978:Unicode
16933:ISO/IEC
16915:Encoding
16818:Furigana
16813:Katakana
16808:Hiragana
16710:Yonaguni
16690:Southern
16668:Okinawan
16663:Kunigami
16643:Northern
16635:Ryukyuan
16576:Kyowa-go
16507:Tsushima
16497:Nagasaki
16492:Kumamoto
16480:Chikuzen
16344:Kanazawa
16334:Hokuriku
16269:Shizuoka
16236:Eastern
16225:Kanagawa
16216:Western
16161:Hokkaidล
16142:Dialects
15880:ๅนณๅฑฑ ่ผ็ท.
15816:Language
15685:13831878
15391:Daijirin
15326:Daijisen
15310:Daijirin
15215:, never
15167:/oki๊ru/
15086:/หฉusaษกi/
15061:/หฉusaษกi/
15040:/หฉusaษกi/
14982:/sakura/
14968:/ata๊ma/
14926:'match'
14831:/หฉito/
14726:'river'
14651:/kaze/
14628:/kiษกa/
14605:one mora
14493:ablative
14482:kagaribi
14413:Hokkaido
14295:/i๊noti/
14230:/tomeru/
14138:dad joke
14073:/hasini/
14025:/niho๊ษด/
14005:/ni๊hoษด/
13936:/kakini/
13777:hร shi-ni
13774:/hasini/
13760:hร shรญ-nรฌ
13743:hรกshรฌ-nรฌ
13734:hashi-ni
13605:downstep
13540:ใใชใช๊ใใใใ
13536:ใใใค๊ใใใใ
13397:ใใใ๊ใใใใป
13393:ใใ๊ใใใใใ
13246:ใใใใใ๊ใใป
13093:ใใฏใกใใใ๊ใ
13089:ใใใฃใใใ๊ใ
13022:ใใฏใฃใใใ๊ใ
12877:+ ใช๊ใช โ
12863:+ ใใ๊ โ
12824:ใใใ
ใ or
12810:ใซใใ
ใ or
12792:+ ใช๊ใช โ
12778:+ ใใ๊ โ
12764:+ ใช๊ใช โ
12750:+ ใใ๊ โ
12712:ใใฒใใ๊ +
12702:ใใฒใใ๊ +
12692:ใใฒใใ๊ +
12682:ใใฒใใ๊ +
12672:ใใฒใใ๊ +
12662:ใใฒใใ๊ +
12652:ใใฒใใ๊ +
12642:ใใใ
๊ใ +
12632:ใใใ
๊ใ +
12622:ใใใ
๊ใ +
12612:ใใใ
๊ใ +
12382:ใใ
๊ใใฒใใ
12379:ใใ
๊ใใใ
ใ
12363:ใฏใฃใใใพ๊ใ
12322:ใใกใใใพ๊ใ
12284:ใชใชใใใพ๊ใ
12243:ใใใใใพ๊ใ
12199:ใใฒใใใพ๊ใ
12194:ใใใ
๊ใใพใ
12191:ใใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12130:ใใใใใพ๊ใ
12087:ใใใใใพ๊ใ
12041:ใซใฒใใใพ๊ใ
12036:ใซใใ
๊ใใพใ
12033:ใซใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12030:ใซ๊ใใ
ใใพใ
12001:ใใฃใใใพ๊ใ
11951:ร10,000
11929:numerals
11923:Numerals
11822:+ใใใปใใใ
11669:Daijirin
11624:Daijirin
11579:ใใ๊ใใใช๊ใ
11577:ใ๊ใใใใช๊ใ
11561:ใ๊ใใใใช๊ใ
11446:ใใใน๊ใใฉใ
11318:ใใณใช๊ใใฃใ
11289:ใใในใ๊ใใ
11254:ใใในใ๊ใใ
11223:ใใในใ๊ใใจ
11180:ใใใใพใ๊ใ
11178:ใใใใพใใ๊ใ
11171:ใใในใพใ๊ใ
11169:ใใในใพใใ๊ใ
11162:ใใใใพใ๊ใ
11160:ใใใใพใใ๊ใ
11131:ใใ๊ใใงใใ
11120:ใใใ๊ใงใใ
11098:ใใใใง๊ใใ
11075:ใใใใงใใ๊ใ
11060:ใใใใงใใ๊ใ
11055:ใใณใใงใใ๊ใ
11052:ใ๊ใใงใใใ
11039:ใใ๊ใใ ใใ
11033:ใใใ๊ใ ใใ
11026:ใใ๊ใใ ใใ
11014:ใใใ๊ใ ใใ
11009:ใใณใ๊ใ ใใ
10998:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
10978:ใใใใ ๊ใฃใฆ
10952:ใใใฃใฆใช๊ใ
10944:ใฆใชใใปใงใชใ
10937:ใใ๊ใใงใฟใ
10921:ใใ๊ใใงใฐใใ
10901:ใใ๊ในใฆใฟใ
10885:ใใ๊ในใฆใฐใใ
10865:ใใใฃใฆใฟ๊ใ
10849:ใใใฃใฆ๊ใฐใใ
10845:ใใใฃใฆใฐ๊ใใ
10809:ใฆใฟใใปใงใฟใ
10782:ใใ๊ใใ ใฃใ
10769:ใใ๊ในใใฃใ
10756:ใใใฃใ๊ใฃใ
10736:ใใฃใใปใ ใฃใ
10723:ใใใใ๊ใฆใ
10720:ใใในใ๊ใฆใ
10717:ใใใใ๊ใฆใ
10702:ใใใใใ๊ใ
10699:ใใในใใ๊ใ
10673:ใใใใ๊ใใฃใ
10663:ใใในใ๊ใใฃใ
10653:ใใใใ๊ใใฃใ
10646:ใใณใ๊ใใใฐ
10591:ใใใใช๊ใใ
10587:ใใในใช๊ใใ
10583:ใใใใช๊ใใ
10568:ใใใใช๊ใใ
10528:ใใใใ๊ใใซ
10515:ใใในใ๊ใใซ
10502:ใใใใ๊ใใซ
10455:ใใ๊ใใใใ
10448:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10443:ใใ๊ใใใใ
10429:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10424:ใใณใใ๊ใใ
10419:ใ๊ใใ ใใใ
10400:ใใ๊ใใใใซ
10390:ใใใใ๊ใใซ
10383:ใใ๊ใใใใซ
10371:ใใใน๊ใใใใช
10369:ใใใน๊ใใใใ
10363:ใใใใ๊ใใซ
10356:ใใณใใ๊ใใซ
10336:ใ๊ใใใฟใใใ
10326:ใใใใฟ๊ใใใ
10319:ใใ๊ใใฟใใใ
10307:ใใใน๊ใใฟใใ
10299:ใใใใฟ๊ใใใ
10292:ใใณใใฟ๊ใใใ
10287:ใ๊ใใฟใใใช
10275:ใใใใฟ๊ใใใ
10256:ใใในใใพ๊ใ
10229:ใใในใใน๊ใ
10195:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใ
10193:ใใ๊ใใฉใใใฎ
10191:ใใ๊ใใฉใใใ
10186:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใ
10179:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใ
10177:ใใ๊ใใฉใใใฎ
10175:ใใ๊ใใฉใใใ
10161:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใ
10154:ใใณใใฉ๊ใใใ
10149:ใใใฉ๊ใใใฎ
10138:ใใใใฉ๊ใใใ
10126:ใใใใฐ๊ใใ
10121:ใใใใฐ๊ใใ
10117:ใใใใฐ๊ใใ
10110:ใใใน๊ใใฐใใ
10107:ใใใใฐ๊ใใ
10103:ใใณใใฐ๊ใใ
10094:ใใใใฐ๊ใใ
10085:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10080:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10076:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10069:ใใใน๊ใใใใ
10066:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10062:ใใณใใ๊ใใ
10053:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10049:ใใใใปใใใ
10031:ใใ๊ใใใจใฎ
10024:ใใใใ๊ใจใฎ
10014:ใใ๊ใใใจใฎ
10005:ใใใน๊ใใใจใซ
10000:ใใใใ๊ใจใฎ
9990:ใใณใใ๊ใจใฎ
9967:ใใใใ๊ใจใฎ
9935:ใใใน๊ใใพใง
9894:ใใใน๊ใใฎใฟ
9860:ใใใน๊ใใใ
9760:ใใ๊ใใใใ
9755:ใใ๊ใใใใ
9752:ใใ๊ใใใใ
9742:ใใใ๊ใใใ
9739:ใใณใ๊ใใใ
9731:ใใใใ๊ใใ
9560:ใใ๊ใใใใฉใ
9538:ใใใน๊ใใใใฉ
9498:ใใใใ ๊ใใใฉ
9376:ใใ๊ใใใใฏ
9367:ใใใ๊ใใใฏ
9358:ใใ๊ใใใใฏ
9340:ใใใ๊ใใใฏ
9335:ใใณใ๊ใใใฏ
9330:ใ๊ใใ ใใใฏ
9297:ใใใใใ๊ใ
9279:ใใใใชใ๊ใ
9274:ใใในใชใ๊ใ
9269:ใใใใชใ๊ใ
9177:ใใใน๊ใใฃใฆ
8956:ใใใน๊ใใจใง
8866:ใใใใจ๊ใฐใใ
8833:ใใ๊ใใฎใงใ
8808:ใใใ๊ใฎใงใ
8783:ใใ๊ใใฎใงใ
8733:ใใใ๊ใฎใงใ
8720:ใใณใ๊ใฎใงใ
8707:ใ๊ใใชใฎใงใ
8621:ใใใน๊ใใฎใ
8435:ใใใน๊ใใซใ
8233:ใใใน๊ใใใ
8077:ใใใน๊ใใใ
8004:ใใใน๊ใใใ
7838:ใใ๊ใใปใฉใ
7828:ใใใใปใฉ๊ใ
7821:ใใ๊ใใปใฉใ
7809:ใใใน๊ใใปใฉใฏ
7801:ใใใใปใฉ๊ใ
7794:ใใณใใปใฉ๊ใ
7777:ใใใใปใฉ๊ใ
7690:ใใใน๊ใใใ
7661:ใใ๊ใใชใใฎ
7637:ใใในใใชใใฎ
7576:ใใใน๊ใใชใ
7548:ใใ๊ใใชใใฐ
7537:ใใใ๊ใชใใฐ
7528:ใใ๊ใใชใใฐ
7506:ใใใ๊ใชใใฐ
7501:ใใณใ๊ใชใใฐ
7485:ใใใใช๊ใใฐ
7460:ใใใใช๊ใใฆ
7371:ใใใใใฎ๊ใ
7368:ใใณใใใฎ๊ใ
7363:ใใฎใใปใใใ
7358:ใใ๊ใใใใ
7353:ใใใใใ๊ใ
7350:ใใ๊ใใใใ
7343:ใใในใใใ๊ใ
7340:ใใใใใ๊ใ
7337:ใใณใใใ๊ใ
7329:ใใใใใ๊ใ
7321:ใใ๊ใใ ใใ
7296:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7283:ใใ๊ใใ ใใ
7256:ใใใน๊ใใ ใใซ
7254:ใใใน๊ใใ ใใ
7252:ใใใน๊ใใ ใใฏ
7250:ใใใน๊ใใ ใใฎ
7246:ใใในใใ ใ๊ใ
7244:ใใในใใ ใ๊ใซ
7242:ใใในใใ ใ๊ใ
7240:ใใในใใ ใ๊ใฏ
7233:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7220:ใใณใใ ใ๊ใ
7182:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7094:่ตทไผ noun
7091:ๅนณๆฟ noun
7079:Daijirin
6949:ใใใ๊ใใงใ
6929:ใฟใใ๊ใใงใ
6912:ใใคใใใ๊ใ
6906:ใใค๊ใใ ใใ
6903:ใใค๊ใใใใ
6860:ใใใ๊ใใงใ
6840:ใคใใ๊ใใงใ
6820:ใใคใใใ๊ใ
6808:ใใคใใ ใ๊ใ
6802:ใใคใใ๊ใใ
6537:ใใใ๊ใใฎใฟ
6531:ใใใ๊ใใปใฉ
6510:ใฟใใ๊ใใฎใฟ
6504:ใฟใใ๊ใใปใฉ
6488:ใใค๊ใใใใ
6417:ใใใใใฎ๊ใฟ
6390:ใคใใใใฎ๊ใฟ
6363:ใใค๊ใใใใ
6247:ใฆใคใ ใใพ๊ใ
6244:ใฆใคใ ใใ๊ใ
6081:ใใใชใใพ๊ใ
5879:ใฆใคใ ใ๊ใชใ
5876:ใฆใคใ ใใ๊ใ
5789:ใใใใใ๊ใ
5772:ใใในใใ๊ใ
5551:+ใใใปใใใ
5510:ใฆใคใ ใใพ๊ใ
5490:ใชใ๊ใใ ใใ
5487:ใชใ๊ใใใใ
5473:ใ๊ใใใ ใใ
5470:ใ๊ใใใใใ
5439:ใใใใใพ๊ใ
5417:ใใใใใพ๊ใ
5400:ใใในใใพ๊ใ
5380:ใฏใ๊ใใ ใใ
5377:ใฏใ๊ใใใใ
5339:ใใใชใใพ๊ใ
5319:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
5316:ใใใใ๊ใใ
5285:ใใใใใพ๊ใ
5263:ใใใใใพ๊ใ
5246:ใใในใใพ๊ใ
5226:ใฏใใใ ใ๊ใ
5223:ใฏใใใ๊ใใ
5059:above):
5044:ใชใ๊ใ๏ผ็ฟใ๏ผ
5041:ใ๊ใใ๏ผๅธฐใ๏ผ
4903:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใพใง
4897:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใปใฉ
4881:ใชใ๊ใใใใ
4854:ใ๊ใใใใใ
4792:ใใใ๊ใใพใง
4786:ใใใ๊ใใปใฉ
4760:ใใใ๊ใใพใง
4754:ใใใ๊ใใปใฉ
4733:ใใใน๊ใใพใง
4727:ใใใน๊ใใปใฉ
4711:ใฏใ๊ใใใใ
4637:ใใใชใใพ๊ใง
4615:ใใใ๊ใใใ
4553:ใใใใใพ๊ใง
4521:ใใใใใพ๊ใง
4494:ใใในใใพ๊ใง
4472:ใฏใใ๊ใใใ
4327:ใฆใคใ ๊ใฃใใ
4313:ใชใใใช๊ใใ
4293:ใใใใช๊ใใ
4231:ใใใใช๊ใใ
4211:ใใในใช๊ใใ
4133:ใใใชใใชใใ
4127:ใใใชใฃใ๊ใ
3821:ใฟใฉใใใ๊ใ
3818:ใฟ๊ใฉใใ ใใ
3752:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใงใ
3732:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใงใ
3718:ใใใใใ๊ใ
3715:ใใ๊ใใ ใใ
3689:ใใใใจ๊ใงใ
3675:ใใใฟใใ๊ใ
3672:ใใใฟ๊ใ ใใ
3625:ใใใใใ๊ใ
3622:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
3350:+ ใใ๊ โ
3336:+ ใ๊ใก โ
3179:ใฟ๊ใฉใใใใ
3084:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใใช
3076:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใใ
3055:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใใช
3047:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใใ
3031:ใใ๊ใใใใ
2992:ใใใใจ๊ใใช
2984:ใใใใจ๊ใใ
2968:ใใใฟ๊ใใใ
2894:ใใใใ๊ใใ
2092:above).
2071:Prefixes
1686:Daijirin
1651:downstep
1641:Downstep
1586:L-H-H-H
1561:L-H-H-H
1553:/aIzin/
1536:L-L-H-H
1501:ใใฉใผใฏใชใใ
1487:H-H-H-H
1454:/maNษกa/
1359:"ball")
1319:nakadaka
1289:"edge")
1244:"nose",
1220:"edge",
1194:่ขซใฃใฆใฟใใ (
1162:downstep
1061:ๆ ธ + ๅปๆฃ็ฉ
1032:ๆฐๆง + ไบคไปฃ
939:ใจใผใญใใใฏ (
915:) + ไธๆฌก (
857:H๊L-L-L
846:sa-ra-o
757:bunsetsu
723:ใญใณใใณใฃๅญ (
643:offglide
621:The ไฟ้ณ (
604:The ๆฅ้ณ (
529:'edge'.
264:in most
154:provide
17342:Writers
17275:Hepburn
17229:Rendaku
17168:Engrish
16864:Braille
16785:Ryakuji
16705:Yaeyama
16623:grammar
16618:Hachijล
16515:Satsugลซ
16474:Hichiku
16460:Hลnichi
16414:San'yล
16409:Chลซgoku
16385:Shikoku
16324:Western
16284:Nagaoka
16280:Echigo
16245:Tochigi
16240:Ibaraki
16201:Nairiku
16181:Tsugaru
16152:Eastern
15183:shinbun
15155:/ka๊wa/
15151:/kawa๊/
15002:omonaga
14814:'tree'
14805:/หฉki/
14772:'head'
14766:(none)
14694:/hi๊/
14677:'stop'
14657:'wind'
14634:'mind'
14550:irogami
14478:irogami
14448:Shikoku
14437:Tottori
14429:Chลซgoku
14323:/kawa๊/
14275:/ha๊ru/
14242:to stop
14054:/hasi๊/
13974:salmon
13961:/sa๊ke/
13939:kร ki-ni
13922:kร kรญ-nรฌ
13905:kรกkรฌ-nรฌ
13896:kaki-ni
13860:/kaki๊/
13856:oyster
13843:/ka๊ki/
13711:bridge
13698:/hasi๊/
13681:/ha๊si/
13546:ใใ
ใใ๊ใใ
13468:ใใใ
๊ใใซใ
13444:ใใใ
๊ใใฐใ
13432:ใใ๊ใใฐใใป
13425:ใใใ
๊ใใ ใ
13413:ใใ๊ใใ ใใป
13381:ใใใ
๊ใใ ใ
13284:ๆ ก๏ผใใ๏ผ("
13250:ใใใใ๊ใใป
13242:ใใซใใ๊ใใป
13219:ใปใใกใ๊ใใ
13195:ใใฏใฃใ๊ใใ
13171:ใใฏใฃใ๊ใใ
13147:ใใฏใกใ๊ใใ
13095:ใใ
๊ใใใใ
13024:ใใ
๊ใใใใ
12912:ๆ ก๏ผใใ๏ผ("
12853:+ ใใ โ
12842:ใใใ
ใใใก๊
12740:+ ใใ โ
12730:+ ใใ โ
12718:ใใใ
ใใใก๊
12714:ใใใ
ใใใก๊
12596:+ ใ๊ โ
12586:+ ใ๊ โ
12576:+ ใใ โ
12558:ใใ
๊ใ +
12548:ใใ
๊ใ +
12538:ใใ
๊ใ +
12528:ใใ
๊ใ +
12518:ใใ
๊ใ +
12508:ใใ
๊ใ +
12498:ใใ
๊ใ +
12488:ใใ
๊ใ +
12478:ใใ
๊ใ +
12409:ใใ
๊ใใใ
12388:ใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
12385:ใใ
ใใ๊ใ
12341:ใฏใฃใดใใ๊
12338:ใฏใกใใ
๊ใ
12300:ใใกใฒใใ๊
12297:ใใกใใ
๊ใ
12262:ใชใช๊ใฒใใ
12259:ใชใช๊ใใ
ใ
12221:ใใฃใดใใ๊
12218:ใใใใ
๊ใ
12202:ใใใใพ๊ใ
12106:ใ๊ใใฒใใ
12103:ใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12063:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12060:ใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12044:ใซใใใพ๊ใ
12007:ใใ
๊ใใใ
11998:ใฒใใใพ๊ใ
11991:ใใ
ใใพ๊ใ
11948:ร1,000
11917:kanลkei
11898:ใใใใ๊ใฐ
11887:ใ๊ใชใใฃใ
11880:ใ๊ใชใใฃใ
11873:ใใช๊ใใฃใ
11863:ใใช๊ใใฃใ
11832:ใใใใใใ
11820:+ใใใปใใใ
11770:ใใใใ๊ใ
11750:ใใใใพ๊ใ
11597:ใใ๊ใใใฐ
11591:ใใ๊ใใใฐ
11581:ใใใใช๊ใ
11573:ใใใใช๊ใ
11557:ใใใใช๊ใ
11485:ใ๊ใใใใ
11481:ใใใใ๊ใ
11471:ใใ๊ใใฃใ
11465:ใใ๊ใใฃใ
11453:ใใ๊ใใฉใ
11439:ใใใ๊ใฉใ
11434:ใใณใ๊ใฉใ
11414:ใใใน๊ใใฐ
11395:ใใใใ๊ใ
11392:ใใในใ๊ใ
11389:ใใใใ๊ใ
11374:ใใใ๊ใใซ
11368:ใใใน๊ใใซ
11347:ใใใ๊ใชใใง
11336:ใใใน๊ใชใใง
11325:ใใใใช๊ใใง
11296:ใใใ๊ใใ
11287:ใใในใใ๊ใ
11270:ใใใปใใใ
11261:ใใใ๊ใใ
11252:ใใในใใ๊ใ
11235:ใใใปใใใ
11226:ใใใ๊ใใจ
11208:ใใจใปใใใจ
11198:ใใในใ๊ใ
11176:ใใใใพ๊ใใ
11167:ใใในใพ๊ใใ
11158:ใใใใพ๊ใใ
11153:ใใณใพใ๊ใ
11151:ใใณใพใใ๊ใ
11116:ใใ๊ใใงใใ
11109:ใ๊ใใงใใ
11031:ใใ๊ใใ ใใ
11029:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
11012:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
11007:ใใณใใ ใ๊ใ
11004:ใ๊ใใ ใใ
10988:ใ๊ใใ ใฃใฆ
10976:ใใใใ ๊ใฃใ
10949:ใใณใฆใช๊ใ
10929:ใใ๊ใใงใใ
10927:ใใ๊ใใงใใ
10919:ใใ๊ใใงใ ใ
10893:ใใ๊ในใฆใใ
10891:ใใ๊ในใฆใใ
10883:ใใ๊ในใฆใ ใ
10855:ใใใฃใฆ๊ใใ
10847:ใใใฃใฆ๊ใ ใ
10838:ใใณใฆใฟ๊ใ
10822:ใใณใฆ๊ใฐใใ
10818:ใใณใฆใฐ๊ใใ
10801:ใฆใใใปใงใใ
10799:ใฆใใใปใงใใ
10791:ใฆใ ใใปใงใ ใ
10747:ใใณใ๊ใฃใ
10714:ใใณใ๊ใฆใ
10696:ใใใใใใ
10694:ใใใใใ๊ใ
10675:ใใใใ๊ใใฆ
10665:ใใในใ๊ใใฆ
10655:ใใใใ๊ใใฆ
10642:ใใณใ๊ใใฃใ
10620:ใใใใค๊ใค
10615:ใใในใค๊ใค
10610:ใใใใค๊ใค
10578:ใใณใช๊ใใ
10573:ใใใช๊ใใ
10558:ใใใ๊ใใซ
10545:ใใใ๊ใใซ
10526:ใใใใ๊ใใช
10524:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10513:ใใในใ๊ใใช
10511:ใใในใ๊ใใ
10500:ใใใใ๊ใใช
10498:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10485:ใใณใ๊ใใซ
10434:ใใใน๊ใใใ
10410:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
10398:ใใ๊ใใใใช
10396:ใใ๊ใใใใ
10388:ใใใใ๊ใใช
10386:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10381:ใใ๊ใใใใช
10379:ใใ๊ใใใใ
10361:ใใใใ๊ใใช
10359:ใใใใ๊ใใ
10354:ใใณใใ๊ใใช
10352:ใใณใใ๊ใใ
10334:ใ๊ใใใฟใใ
10324:ใใใใฟ๊ใใ
10317:ใใ๊ใใฟใใ
10297:ใใใใฟ๊ใใ
10290:ใใณใใฟ๊ใใ
10285:ใ๊ใใฟใใใ
10273:ใใใใฟ๊ใใ
10259:ใใใใพ๊ใ
10253:ใใใใพ๊ใ
10250:ใใณใใพ๊ใ
10238:ใใใใน๊ใ
10227:ใใในใใน๊ใ
10225:ใใใน๊ใในใ
10223:ใใใน๊ใในใ
10220:ใใใใน๊ใ
10213:ใใณใใน๊ใ
10147:ใใใฉ๊ใใใ
10145:ใ๊ใใฉใใใฎ
10143:ใ๊ใใฉใใใ
10124:ใใ๊ใใฐใใ
10115:ใใ๊ใใฐใใ
10099:ใใใฐ๊ใใ
10083:ใใ๊ใใใใ
10074:ใใ๊ใใใใ
10058:ใใใ๊ใใ
10029:ใใ๊ใใใจใซ
10022:ใใใใ๊ใจใซ
10012:ใใ๊ใใใจใซ
10003:ใใใน๊ใใใจ
9998:ใใใใ๊ใจใซ
9988:ใใณใใ๊ใจใซ
9980:ใใใ๊ใจใฎ
9965:ใใใใ๊ใจใซ
9948:ใใ๊ใใพใง
9943:ใใใใพ๊ใง
9940:ใใ๊ใใพใง
9930:ใใใ๊ใพใง
9925:ใใณใ๊ใพใง
9915:ใใใใพ๊ใง
9907:ใใ๊ใใฎใฟ
9902:ใใใใฎ๊ใฟ
9899:ใใ๊ใใฎใฟ
9889:ใใใ๊ใฎใฟ
9884:ใใณใ๊ใฎใฟ
9874:ใใใใฎ๊ใฟ
9864:ใใ๊ใใใ
9856:ใใใใ๊ใ
9853:ใใณใใ๊ใ
9846:ใใใใ๊ใ
9838:ใใ๊ใใใ
9826:ใใใ๊ใใ
9816:ใใ๊ใใใ
9806:ใใใน๊ใใ
9804:ใใใน๊ใใใ
9796:ใใใใ๊ใ
9770:ใใใใ๊ใ
9736:ใ๊ใใใใ
9716:ใใใใ๊ใ
9693:ใใใน๊ใใ
9673:ใใใใ ๊ใ
9648:ใใใน๊ใใ
9628:ใใใใ ๊ใ
9603:ใใใน๊ใใ
9587:ใใใใ ๊ใ
9577:ใใ๊ใใใใฉ
9564:ใใใ๊ใใใฉ
9558:ใใ๊ใใใใฉ
9551:ใใ๊ใใใใฉ
9536:ใใใน๊ใใใฉ
9525:ใใใ๊ใใใฉ
9518:ใใณใ๊ใใใฉ
9511:ใ๊ใใ ใใใฉ
9496:ใใใใ ๊ใใฉ
9473:ใใใน๊ใใ
9459:ใใใใ ๊ใ
9440:ใใใน๊ใใ
9426:ใใใใ ๊ใ
9405:ใใใน๊ใใ
9363:ใใ๊ใใใใฏ
9347:ใใใน๊ใใใ
9319:ใใใใ ๊ใใ
9307:ใ๊ใใใใ
9295:ใใใใใ๊ใฏ
9264:ใใณใชใ๊ใ
9244:ใใใน๊ใใช
9216:ใใใน๊ใใช
9194:ใใ๊ใใฃใฆ
9188:ใใใ๊ใฃใฆ
9183:ใใ๊ใใฃใฆ
9171:ใใใ๊ใฃใฆ
9168:ใใณใ๊ใฃใฆ
9147:ใ๊ใใจใใฆ
9144:ใใใใจใใฆ
9121:ใใใน๊ใใจ
9101:ใใใใ ๊ใจ
9068:ใใใน๊ใใจ
9037:ใใใใ ๊ใจ
9023:ใใ๊ใใจใง
9000:ใใใใจ๊ใง
8979:ใใ๊ใใจใง
8954:ใใใน๊ใใจใ
8952:ใใใน๊ใใจใฏ
8950:ใใใน๊ใใจใ
8933:ใใใใจ๊ใง
8912:ใใณใใจ๊ใง
8796:ใใ๊ใใฎใงใ
8756:ใใใน๊ใใฎใฏ
8754:ใใใน๊ใใฎใซ
8752:ใใใน๊ใใฎใง
8750:ใใใน๊ใใฎใ
8680:ใใใใช๊ใฎใฏ
8678:ใใใใช๊ใฎใซ
8676:ใใใใช๊ใฎใง
8674:ใใใใช๊ใฎใ
8654:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8641:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8634:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8619:ใใใน๊ใใฎใ
8608:ใใใ๊ใฎใ
8601:ใใณใ๊ใฎใ
8581:ใใใใฎ๊ใ
8522:ใใใน๊ใใ
8474:ใใ๊ใใซใ
8458:ใใ๊ใใซใ
8451:ใใ๊ใใซใ
8433:ใใใน๊ใใซใฏ
8419:ใใใใซ๊ใ
8400:ใใณใใซ๊ใ
8365:ใใใใซ๊ใ
8330:ใใใน๊ใใ
8246:ใใ๊ใใใ
8241:ใใ๊ใใใ
8238:ใใ๊ใใใ
8228:ใใใ๊ใใ
8225:ใใณใ๊ใใ
8217:ใใใใ๊ใ
8189:ใใใน๊ใใ
8090:ใใ๊ใใใ
8085:ใใ๊ใใใ
8082:ใใ๊ใใใ
8072:ใใใ๊ใใ
8069:ใใณใ๊ใใ
8061:ใใใใ๊ใ
8039:ใใใน๊ใใ
8010:ใใ๊ใใใ
7998:ใใใใ๊ใ
7991:ใใณใใ๊ใ
7978:ใใใใ๊ใ
7932:ใใใน๊ใใ
7905:ใใใใ ๊ใ
7884:ใใ๊ใใงใญ
7876:ใใใน๊ใฆใญ
7868:ใใใฃใฆ๊ใญ
7836:ใใ๊ใใปใฉใฏ
7826:ใใใใปใฉ๊ใฏ
7819:ใใ๊ใใปใฉใฏ
7807:ใใใน๊ใใปใฉ
7799:ใใใใปใฉ๊ใฏ
7792:ใใณใใปใฉ๊ใฏ
7787:ใ๊ใใปใฉใ
7775:ใใใใปใฉ๊ใฏ
7749:ใใใใธ๊ใ
7721:ใใใใง๊ใ
7705:ใใ๊ใใใ
7700:ใใใใ๊ใ
7695:ใใ๊ใใใ
7685:ใใใใ๊ใ
7680:ใใณใใ๊ใ
7670:ใใใใ๊ใ
7659:ใใ๊ใใชใใซ
7651:ใใใใชใใฎ
7644:ใใใใชใใฎ
7635:ใใในใใชใใซ
7630:ใใใใชใใฎ
7623:ใใณใใชใใฎ
7609:ใใใใชใใฎ
7593:ใใ๊ใใชใ
7587:ใใใ๊ใชใ
7582:ใใ๊ใใชใ
7570:ใใใ๊ใชใ
7567:ใใณใ๊ใชใ
7558:ใใใใช๊ใ
7533:ใใ๊ใใชใใฐ
7515:ใใใน๊ใใชใ
7496:ใ๊ใใชใใฐ
7467:ใ๊ใใชใใฆ
7458:ใใใใช๊ใใ
7448:ใใ๊ใใชใฉ
7440:ใใใ๊ใชใฉ
7431:ใใ๊ใใชใฉ
7421:ใใใน๊ใชใฉ
7419:ใใใน๊ใใชใฉ
7411:ใใใ๊ใชใฉ
7393:ใใใใช๊ใฉ
7356:ใใใใใ๊ใ
7348:ใใใใใ๊ใ
7334:ใ๊ใใใใ
7319:ใใ๊ใใ ใใซ
7317:ใใ๊ใใ ใใ
7315:ใใ๊ใใ ใใฏ
7313:ใใ๊ใใ ใใฎ
7309:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7307:ใใใใ ใ๊ใซ
7305:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7303:ใใใใ ใ๊ใฏ
7294:ใใใใ ใ๊ใซ
7292:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7290:ใใใใ ใ๊ใฏ
7281:ใใ๊ใใ ใใซ
7279:ใใ๊ใใ ใใ
7277:ใใ๊ใใ ใใฏ
7275:ใใ๊ใใ ใใฎ
7271:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7269:ใใใใ ใ๊ใซ
7267:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7265:ใใใใ ใ๊ใฏ
7248:ใใใน๊ใใ ใ
7238:ใใในใใ ใใฎ
7231:ใใใใ ใ๊ใซ
7229:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7227:ใใใใ ใ๊ใฏ
7218:ใใณใใ ใ๊ใซ
7216:ใใณใใ ใ๊ใ
7214:ใใณใใ ใ๊ใฏ
7207:ใ๊ใใ ใใ
7180:ใใใใ ใ๊ใซ
7178:ใใใใ ใ๊ใ
7176:ใใใใ ใ๊ใฏ
6909:ใใค๊ใใงใ
6892:ใชใใใ๊ใ
6882:ใช๊ใใ ใใ
6877:ใช๊ใใใใ
6814:ใใค๊ใใงใ
6786:Group q
6781:Group p
6776:Group o
6771:Group n
6649:forms:
6545:ใใใใใ ใ
6534:ใใใ๊ใใญ
6518:ใฟใใใใ ใ
6507:ใฟใใ๊ใใญ
6483:ใใค๊ใใฎใฟ
6477:ใใค๊ใใปใฉ
6456:ใช๊ใใใใ
6425:ใใใใใ ใ
6414:ใใใใใญ๊
6411:ใใใใใปใฉ
6398:ใคใใใใ ใ
6387:ใคใใใใญ๊
6384:ใคใใใใปใฉ
6355:ใใคใใฎ๊ใฟ
6328:Group U
6321:Group T
6316:Group S
6311:Group R
6304:Group Q
6241:ใฆใคใ ๊ใฃใ
6230:ใชใใใพ๊ใ
6227:ใชใใใ๊ใ
6213:ใใใใพ๊ใ
6210:ใใใใ๊ใ
6161:ใใใใพ๊ใ
6158:ใใใใ๊ใ
6144:ใใในใพ๊ใ
6141:ใใในใ๊ใ
6078:ใใใชใใใ
6064:ใใใใพ๊ใ
6014:ใใใใพ๊ใ
5997:ใใในใพ๊ใ
5931:Group m
5926:Group l
5921:Group k
5882:ใฆใคใ ใ๊ใ
5862:ใชใใ๊ใชใ
5859:ใชใใใ๊ใ
5845:ใใใ๊ใชใ
5842:ใใใใ๊ใ
5795:ใใใใ๊ใ
5792:ใใใ๊ใชใ
5778:ใใในใ๊ใ
5775:ใใใน๊ใชใ
5755:ใฏใใใ๊ใ
5712:ใใใชใ๊ใ
5709:ใใใชใใชใ
5706:ใใใชใใใ
5642:ใใใใ๊ใ
5636:ใใใใใใ
5625:ใใในใ๊ใ
5619:ใใในใใใ
5559:Group j
5554:Group i
5549:Group h
5493:ใชใใใพ๊ใ
5476:ใใใใพ๊ใ
5456:ใช๊ใใ ใใ
5453:ใช๊ใใใใ
5383:ใฏใใใพ๊ใ
5361:ใ๊ใใ ใใ
5356:ใ๊ใใใใ
5322:ใใใใพ๊ใ
5302:ใชใใ ใ๊ใ
5299:ใชใใ๊ใใ
5229:ใฏใใใพ๊ใ
5203:ใใใ ใ๊ใ
5197:ใใใ๊ใใ
5178:Group g
5173:Group f
5168:Group e
5038:ใช๊ใ๏ผๆใ๏ผ
5023:ใ๊ใ๏ผๅฐใ๏ผ
5020:ใ๊ใ๏ผๅฐใ๏ผ
4997:ใใ๊๏ผๅฑ
ใ๏ผ
4986:ใชใ๊๏ผ้ณดใ๏ผ
4977:ใใ๊๏ผๅฑ
ใ๏ผ
4911:ใฆใคใ ใใ ใ
4900:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใญ
4876:ใชใ๊ใใพใง
4870:ใชใ๊ใใปใฉ
4849:ใ๊ใใใพใง
4843:ใ๊ใใใปใฉ
4827:ใช๊ใใใใ
4800:ใใใใใ ใ
4789:ใใใ๊ใใญ
4768:ใใใใใ ใ
4757:ใใใ๊ใใญ
4741:ใใในใใ ใ
4730:ใใใน๊ใใญ
4706:ใฏใ๊ใใพใง
4700:ใฏใ๊ใใปใฉ
4679:ใ๊ใใใใ
4645:ใใใชใใ ใ
4634:ใใใชใใญ๊
4631:ใใใชใใปใฉ
4610:ใใใใพ๊ใง
4588:ใชใ๊ใใใ
4561:ใใใใใ ใ
4550:ใใใใใญ๊
4547:ใใใใใปใฉ
4529:ใใใใใ ใ
4518:ใใใใใญ๊
4515:ใใใใใปใฉ
4502:ใใในใใ ใ
4491:ใใในใใญ๊
4488:ใใในใใปใฉ
4467:ใฏใใใพ๊ใง
4440:ใใ๊ใใใ
4402:Group N
4395:Group M
4390:Group L
4385:Group K
4378:Group J
4330:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใฏ
4324:ใฆใคใ ๊ใฃใฆ
4307:ใชใ๊ใฃใใ
4287:ใ๊ใใฃใใ
4273:ใชใใช๊ใใ
4225:ใ๊ใใใใ
4205:ใใ๊ในใใ
4191:ใฏใใช๊ใใ
4130:ใใใชใ๊ใฏ
4113:ใใใใชใใ
4107:ใใใฃใ๊ใ
4056:ใใใใชใใ
4050:ใใใใ๊ใ
4036:ใใในใชใใ
4030:ใใในใ๊ใ
3956:Group I
3951:Group H
3946:Group G
3941:Group F
3815:ใฟ๊ใฉใใงใ
3801:ใฏใใใ๊ใ
3798:ใฏ๊ใใ ใใ
3749:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใ
3729:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใ
3712:ใใ๊ใใงใ
3686:ใใใใจ๊ใ
3669:ใใใฟ๊ใงใ
3655:ใใพใใ๊ใ
3650:ใใพ๊ใ ใใ
3619:ใใใใง๊ใ
3605:ใฟใใใ๊ใ
3602:ใฟใใ ใ๊ใ
3551:Group d
3546:Group c
3541:Group b
3536:Group a
3413:ใฎใ๏ผ่ถใฎๆนฏ๏ผ
3403:ใฎใ๏ผๅฅณใฎๅญ๏ผ
3393:ใฎใ๏ผ็ทใฎๅญ๏ผ
3383:ใฎใฒ๏ผ็ถใฎๆฅ๏ผ
3368:ใฎใฒ๏ผๆฏใฎๆฅ๏ผ
3364:+ ใฒ๊ โ
3354:ใใ๏ผๆตทใฎๅฎถ๏ผ
3340:ใใก๏ผๆตทใฎๅนธ๏ผ
3326:ใใ๏ผ่ธใฎ่ซ๏ผ
3322:+ ใใ โ
3285:๏ผ็ ด็ซนใฎๅขใ๏ผ
3263:๏ผๆข
้จใฎๅ
ฅใ๏ผ
3174:ใฟ๊ใฉใใใช
3166:ใฟ๊ใฉใใใ
3150:ใฏ๊ใใใใ
3092:ใฎใฟใใฎใ ใ
3087:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใใ
3079:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใฎ
3063:ใฟใใใฟใ ใ
3058:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใใ
3050:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใฎ
3026:ใใ๊ใใใช
3016:ใใ๊ใใใ
3000:ใใใใจใ ใ
2995:ใใใใจ๊ใใ
2963:ใใใฟ๊ใใช
2955:ใใใฟ๊ใใ
2934:ใใพ๊ใใใ
2889:ใใใใใช๊
2865:ใฟใใ๊ใใ
2797:Group E
2790:Group D
2783:Group C
2778:Group B
2771:Group A
1656:prosody
1626:/kega/
1603:/kiwa/
1570:Amerika
1517:seppuku
1458:hatsuon
1390:hatsuon
1341:hibachi
1174:Phrase
898:a-ra-i-
894:-chi-ga
887:-o-ri-o
840:shi-te
786:ryลri-o
779:haha-ga
682:Hakusan
606:hatsuon
570:prosody
527:hashiga
523:hashรญga
519:hรกshiga
342:ๅผทใใขใฏใปใณใ
327:้ซใใขใฏใปใณใ
308:ๅผทๅผฑใขใฏใปใณใ
296:Swedish
289:้ซไฝใขใฏใปใณใ
176:to the
158:in the
104:.
47:improve
17337:Poetry
17285:Kunrei
17247:Kan-on
17018:Other
16927:EUC-JP
16843:Sลgana
16828:Gojลซon
16780:Kokuji
16748:Kanbun
16700:Tarama
16695:Miyako
16485:Hakata
16450:Kyลซshลซ
16438:Umpaku
16401:Sanuki
16367:Banshลซ
16356:Kansai
16299:Mikawa
16294:Nagoya
16274:Narada
16167:Tลhoku
16018:
15999:
15984:438994
15982:
15963:
15944:
15923:
15903:
15889:
15869:
15852:
15836:410409
15834:
15807:
15683:
15429:. NHK.
15359:
15135:kotoba
15123:kokoro
15072:sakura
14994:tokage
14960:sakura
14942:marked
14703:'day'
14625:/ki/
14614:gloss
14444:Kansai
14433:Kyushu
14417:Tohoku
14287:spring
14208:/kaze/
14086:dajare
14061:/hasi/
14038:Japan
13980:/sake/
13877:/kaki/
13873:fence
13816:/ima๊/
13799:/i๊ma/
13715:/hasi/
13563:ใใฟ๊ใใใ
13526:ใตใใใใ๊
13399:ใใใใ๊ใ
13347:ใใใกใ๊ใ
13286:school
13252:ใ๊ใใใใ
13248:ใ๊ใใใใ
13240:ใใก๊ใใใ
13229:ใใ
๊ใใใ
13225:ใใ
๊ใใใ
13197:ใใ
๊ใใใ
13173:ใใ
๊ใใใ
13149:ใใ
๊ใใใ
13091:ใชใช๊ใใใ
13083:ใ๊ใใใใ
13079:ใ๊ใใใใ
13020:ใชใช๊ใใใ
13016:ใ๊ใใใใ
13012:ใ๊ใใใใ
12994:ใใใใค๊ใ
12943:ใใใ
ใใใ
12941:ใใ
๊ใใใ
12939:ใใฏใกใใใ
12935:ใใใใใใ
12881:ใชใช or
12867:ใใ or
12840:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12836:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12832:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12826:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12822:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12818:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12812:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12808:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12804:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12798:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12796:ใชใช or
12794:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12790:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12784:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12782:ใใ or
12780:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12776:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12768:ใชใช or
12754:ใใ or
12742:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12738:ใ๊ใใณใใ
12716:โ ใใฒใใ
12706:โ ใใฒใใ
12698:ใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12696:โ ใใฒใใ
12694:ใ๊ใใใ
ใ
12686:โ ใใฒใใ
12676:โ ใใฒใใ
12666:โ ใใฒใใ
12656:โ ใใฒใใ
12646:โ ใใใ
ใ
12636:โ ใใใ
ใ
12626:โ ใใใ
ใ
12616:โ ใใใ
ใ
12419:ใใใ
๊ใ
12366:ใฏใก๊ใใ
12347:ใฏใกใพ๊ใ
12344:ใฏใฃใ๊ใ
12325:ใใก๊ใใ
12306:ใใกใพ๊ใ
12303:ใใกใ๊ใ
12287:ใชใช๊ใใ
12268:ใชใชใพ๊ใ
12265:ใชใชใ๊ใ
12246:ใใ๊ใใ
12227:ใใใพ๊ใ
12224:ใใใ๊ใ
12180:ใใฒใใ๊
12177:ใใใ
๊ใ
12146:ใใฒใใ๊
12143:ใใใ
๊ใ
12133:ใ๊ใใใ
12112:ใใใพ๊ใ
12109:ใใใ๊ใ
12090:ใ๊ใใใ
12069:ใใใพ๊ใ
12066:ใใใ๊ใ
12021:ใซใฒใใ๊
12018:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12004:ใใก๊ใใ
11986:ใใกใพ๊ใ
11858:+ใชใใฃใ
11851:ใใใ๊ใ
11844:ใใใ๊ใ
11830:ใใใใใใ
11764:+ใใปใใ
11722:ใใใ๊ใ
11610:ใใใ๊ใ
11607:ใใใ๊ใ
11595:ใ๊ใใใใฐ
11547:ใใ๊ใใฆ
11540:ใใใ๊ใฆ
11528:ใใ๊ใใ
11509:ใใ๊ใใ
11469:ใ๊ใใใฃใ
11444:ใใใน๊ใใฉ
11418:ใใ๊ใใฐ
11410:ใใใ๊ใฐ
11407:ใใณใ๊ใฐ
11386:ใใณใ๊ใ
11372:ใใ๊ใใใซ
11364:ใใใใใซ
11345:ใใใ๊ใชใ
11334:ใใใน๊ใชใ
11323:ใใใใช๊ใ
11316:ใใณใช๊ใใง
11294:ใใใใ๊ใ
11282:ใใใใใ
11277:ใใณใใใ
11268:ใใใปใใใ
11259:ใใใใ๊ใ
11247:ใใใใใ
11242:ใใณใใใ
11233:ใใใปใใใ
11220:ใใใใใจ
11218:ใใใ๊ใใจ
11215:ใใณใใใจ
11213:ใใณใ๊ใใจ
11201:ใใใ๊ใ
11195:ใใใ๊ใ
11192:ใใณใ๊ใ
11174:ใใใใพ๊ใ
11165:ใใในใพ๊ใ
11156:ใใใใพ๊ใ
11149:ใใณใพ๊ใใ
11129:ใใ๊ใใงใ
11118:ใใใ๊ใงใ
11114:ใใ๊ใใงใ
11096:ใใใใง๊ใ
10986:ใ๊ใใ ใฃใ
10935:ใใ๊ใใงใฆ
10933:ใใ๊ใใงใ
10931:ใใ๊ใใงใ
10925:ใใ๊ใใงใ
10923:ใใ๊ใใงใฏ
10899:ใใ๊ในใฆใฆ
10897:ใใ๊ในใฆใ
10895:ใใ๊ในใฆใ
10889:ใใ๊ในใฆใ
10887:ใใ๊ในใฆใฏ
10863:ใใใฃใฆ๊ใฆ
10861:ใใใฃใฆ๊ใ
10857:ใใใฃใฆใใ
10853:ใใใฃใฆ๊ใ
10851:ใใใฃใฆ๊ใฏ
10843:ใใใฃใฆใ ใ
10828:ใใณใฆ๊ใใ
10820:ใใณใฆ๊ใ ใ
10780:ใใ๊ใใ ใ
10778:ใใ๊ใใ ใ
10767:ใใ๊ในใใ
10765:ใใ๊ในใใ
10754:ใใใฃใ๊ใ
10752:ใใใฃใ๊ใ
10691:ใใณใใใ
10689:ใใณใใ๊ใ
10671:ใใใใ๊ใ
10661:ใใในใ๊ใ
10651:ใใใใ๊ใ
10644:ใใณใ๊ใใฆ
10618:ใใใ๊ใคใค
10613:ใใใน๊ใคใค
10608:ใใใ๊ใคใค
10605:ใใณใค๊ใค
10581:ใใใใชใใ
10566:ใใใใชใใ
10556:ใใใ๊ใใช
10554:ใใใ๊ใใ
10543:ใใใ๊ใใช
10541:ใใใ๊ใใ
10522:ใใใใ๊ใ
10509:ใใในใ๊ใ
10496:ใใใใ๊ใ
10494:ใใใใใใซ
10492:ใใใใใใช
10490:ใใใใใใ
10483:ใใณใ๊ใใช
10481:ใใณใ๊ใใ
10453:ใใ๊ใใใ
10446:ใใใใ๊ใ
10441:ใใ๊ใใใ
10427:ใใใใ๊ใ
10422:ใใณใใ๊ใ
10417:ใ๊ใใ ใใ
10283:ใ๊ใใฟใใ
10236:ใใใใน๊ใ
10234:ใใ๊ใในใ
10232:ใใ๊ใในใ
10218:ใใใใน๊ใ
10211:ใใณใใน๊ใ
10097:ใ๊ใใฐใใ
10056:ใ๊ใใใใ
10039:ใใใใใจ
10027:ใใ๊ใใใจ
10020:ใใใใ๊ใจ
10010:ใใ๊ใใใจ
9996:ใใใใ๊ใจ
9986:ใใณใใ๊ใจ
9978:ใใใ๊ใจใซ
9974:ใ๊ใใใจใฎ
9972:ใ๊ใใใจใซ
9963:ใใใใ๊ใจ
9928:ใใใใพ๊ใง
9923:ใใณใใพ๊ใง
9920:ใ๊ใใพใง
9887:ใใใใฎ๊ใฟ
9882:ใใณใใฎ๊ใฟ
9879:ใ๊ใใฎใฟ
9850:ใ๊ใใใ
9836:ใ๊ใใใใ
9834:ใใ๊ใใใ
9823:ใใใใ๊ใ
9821:ใใ๊ใใใ
9819:ใใ๊ใใใ
9814:ใใ๊ใใใ
9794:ใใใใ๊ใ
9792:ใใใ๊ใใ
9790:ใใใ๊ใใ
9787:ใใณใ๊ใ
9785:ใใณใใ๊ใ
9781:ใใณใ๊ใใ
9778:ใ๊ใใใ
9720:ใ๊ใใใ
9708:ใใ๊ใใ
9703:ใใ๊ใใ
9698:ใใ๊ใใ
9688:ใใใ๊ใ
9683:ใใณใ๊ใ
9678:ใ๊ใใ ใ
9663:ใใ๊ใใ
9658:ใใ๊ใใ
9653:ใใ๊ใใ
9643:ใใใ๊ใ
9638:ใใณใ๊ใ
9633:ใ๊ใใ ใ
9618:ใใ๊ใใ
9613:ใใใ๊ใ
9608:ใใ๊ใใ
9598:ใใใ๊ใ
9595:ใใณใ๊ใ
9592:ใ๊ใใ ใ
9575:ใใ๊ใใใฉ
9562:ใใใ๊ใใฉ
9556:ใใ๊ใใใฉ
9549:ใใ๊ใใใฉ
9523:ใใใ๊ใใฉ
9516:ใใณใ๊ใใฉ
9509:ใ๊ใใ ใใฉ
9484:ใใ๊ใใ
9480:ใใ๊ใใ
9477:ใใ๊ใใ
9469:ใใใ๊ใ
9466:ใใณใ๊ใ
9463:ใ๊ใใ ใ
9451:ใใ๊ใใ
9447:ใใ๊ใใ
9444:ใใ๊ใใ
9436:ใใใ๊ใ
9433:ใใณใ๊ใ
9430:ใ๊ใใ ใ
9418:ใใ๊ใใ
9413:ใใ๊ใใ
9410:ใใ๊ใใ
9374:ใใ๊ใใใ
9365:ใใใ๊ใใ
9361:ใใ๊ใใใ
9356:ใใ๊ใใใ
9338:ใใใ๊ใใ
9333:ใใณใ๊ใใ
9328:ใ๊ใใ ใใ
9305:ใ๊ใใใใฏ
9248:ใใ๊ใใช
9240:ใใใ๊ใช
9237:ใใณใ๊ใช
9227:ใใ๊ใใช
9220:ใใ๊ใใช
9206:ใ๊ใใ ใช
9202:ใใใใ ใช
9186:ใใ๊ใใฃใฆ
9165:ใ๊ใใฃใฆ
9159:ใใใใฃใฆ
9136:ใใ๊ใใจ
9131:ใใ๊ใใจ
9126:ใใ๊ใใจ
9116:ใใใ๊ใจ
9111:ใใณใ๊ใจ
9106:ใ๊ใใ ใจ
9091:ใใ๊ใใจ
9083:ใใ๊ใใจ
9076:ใใ๊ใใจ
9060:ใใใ๊ใจ
9053:ใใณใ๊ใจ
9046:ใ๊ใใ ใจ
9021:ใใ๊ใใจใ
9019:ใใ๊ใใจใฏ
9017:ใใ๊ใใจใ
8998:ใใใใจ๊ใ
8996:ใใใใจ๊ใฏ
8994:ใใใใจ๊ใ
8990:ใใ๊ใใจใง
8988:ใใ๊ใใจใ
8986:ใใ๊ใใจใฏ
8984:ใใ๊ใใจใ
8977:ใใ๊ใใจใ
8975:ใใ๊ใใจใฏ
8973:ใใ๊ใใจใ
8948:ใใใน๊ใใจ
8931:ใใใใจ๊ใ
8929:ใใใใจ๊ใฏ
8927:ใใใใจ๊ใ
8923:ใใใ๊ใจใง
8921:ใใใ๊ใจใ
8919:ใใใ๊ใจใฏ
8917:ใใใ๊ใจใ
8910:ใใณใใจ๊ใ
8908:ใใณใใจ๊ใฏ
8906:ใใณใใจ๊ใ
8902:ใใณใ๊ใจใง
8900:ใใณใ๊ใจใ
8898:ใใณใ๊ใจใฏ
8896:ใใณใ๊ใจใ
8891:ใ๊ใใจใง
8864:ใใใใจ๊ใง
8862:ใใใใจ๊ใ
8860:ใใใใจ๊ใฏ
8858:ใใใใจ๊ใ
8831:ใใ๊ใใฎใฏ
8829:ใใ๊ใใฎใซ
8827:ใใ๊ใใฎใง
8825:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8806:ใใใ๊ใฎใฏ
8804:ใใใ๊ใฎใซ
8802:ใใใ๊ใฎใง
8800:ใใใ๊ใฎใ
8794:ใใ๊ใใฎใฏ
8792:ใใ๊ใใฎใซ
8790:ใใ๊ใใฎใง
8788:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8781:ใใ๊ใใฎใฏ
8779:ใใ๊ใใฎใซ
8777:ใใ๊ใใฎใง
8775:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8748:ใใใน๊ใใฎ
8731:ใใใ๊ใฎใฏ
8729:ใใใ๊ใฎใซ
8727:ใใใ๊ใฎใง
8725:ใใใ๊ใฎใ
8718:ใใณใ๊ใฎใฏ
8716:ใใณใ๊ใฎใซ
8714:ใใณใ๊ใฎใง
8712:ใใณใ๊ใฎใ
8705:ใ๊ใใชใฎใฏ
8703:ใ๊ใใชใฎใซ
8701:ใ๊ใใชใฎใง
8699:ใ๊ใใชใฎใ
8672:ใใใใช๊ใฎ
8652:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8639:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8632:ใใ๊ใใฎใ
8617:ใใใน๊ใใฎ
8606:ใใใ๊ใฎใ
8599:ใใณใ๊ใฎใ
8594:ใ๊ใใฎใ
8579:ใใใใฎ๊ใ
8535:ใใ๊ใใ
8530:ใใ๊ใใ
8527:ใใ๊ใใ
8517:ใใใ๊ใ
8514:ใใณใ๊ใ
8495:ใใ๊ใใซ
8491:ใใ๊ในใซ
8472:ใใ๊ใใซใฏ
8456:ใใ๊ใใซใฏ
8449:ใใ๊ใใซใฏ
8431:ใใใน๊ใใซ
8417:ใใใใซ๊ใฏ
8413:ใใใ๊ใซใ
8411:ใใใ๊ใซใฏ
8407:ใใใ๊ใซใ
8405:ใใใ๊ใซใฏ
8398:ใใณใใซ๊ใฏ
8388:ใใณใ๊ใซใ
8386:ใใณใ๊ใซใฏ
8381:ใ๊ใใซใ
8363:ใใใใซ๊ใฏ
8343:ใใ๊ใใ
8338:ใใ๊ใใ
8335:ใใ๊ใใ
8301:ใใ๊ใใ
8295:ใใ๊ใใ
8292:ใใ๊ใใ
8284:ใใใน๊ใ
8282:ใใใน๊ใใ
8222:ใ๊ใใใ
8208:ใใ๊ใใ
8200:ใใ๊ใใ
8197:ใใ๊ใใ
8171:ใ๊ใใใจ
8161:ใใใใใจ
8159:ใใใใ๊ใจ
8145:ใใ๊ใใฏ
8139:ใใ๊ใใฏ
8136:ใใ๊ใใฏ
8128:ใใ๊ในใฏ
8126:ใใใน๊ใใฏ
8066:ใ๊ใใใ
8052:ใใ๊ใใ
8047:ใใ๊ใใ
8044:ใใ๊ใใ
7996:ใใใ๊ใใ
7989:ใใณใ๊ใใ
7984:ใ๊ใใใ
7976:ใใใ๊ใใ
7952:ใใ๊ใใ
7945:ใใ๊ใใ
7939:ใใ๊ใใ
7925:ใใใ๊ใ
7919:ใใณใ๊ใ
7913:ใ๊ใใ ใ
7893:ใใ๊ใใญ
7874:ใใใน๊ใใญ
7862:ใใณใฆ๊ใญ
7856:ใ๊ใใ ใญ
7848:ใใใใ ใญ
7834:ใใ๊ใใปใฉ
7817:ใใ๊ใใปใฉ
7785:ใ๊ใใปใฉใฏ
7759:ใ๊ใใธใ
7747:ใใใใธ๊ใฏ
7731:ใ๊ใใงใ
7719:ใใใใง๊ใฏ
7698:ใใ๊ใใใ
7683:ใใใ๊ใใ
7678:ใใณใ๊ใใ
7675:ใ๊ใใใ
7657:ใใ๊ใใชใ
7649:ใใใใชใใซ
7642:ใใใใชใใซ
7633:ใใในใใชใ
7628:ใใใใชใใซ
7621:ใใณใใชใใซ
7616:ใใใชใใฎ
7607:ใใใใชใใซ
7585:ใใ๊ใใชใ
7564:ใ๊ใใชใ
7553:ใชใ๏ผไน๏ผ
7546:ใใ๊ใใชใ
7535:ใใใ๊ใชใ
7531:ใใ๊ใใชใ
7526:ใใ๊ใใชใ
7504:ใใใ๊ใชใ
7499:ใใณใ๊ใชใ
7483:ใใใใช๊ใ
7465:ใ๊ใใชใใ
7438:ใใใ๊ใชใฉ
7436:ใใ๊ใใชใฉ
7434:ใใ๊ใใชใฉ
7429:ใใ๊ใใชใฉ
7409:ใใใ๊ใชใฉ
7406:ใใณ๊ใชใฉ
7404:ใใณใ๊ใชใฉ
7401:ใ๊ใใชใฉ
7332:ใใใใ๊ใ
7311:ใใ๊ใใ ใ
7301:ใใใใ ใใฎ
7288:ใใใใ ใใฎ
7273:ใใ๊ใใ ใ
7263:ใใใใ ใใฎ
7236:ใใในใใ ใ
7225:ใใใใ ใใฎ
7212:ใใณใใ ใใฎ
7205:ใ๊ใใ ใใซ
7203:ใ๊ใใ ใใ
7201:ใ๊ใใ ใใฏ
7199:ใ๊ใใ ใใฎ
7195:ใใใ ใ๊ใ
7193:ใใใ ใ๊ใซ
7191:ใใใ ใ๊ใ
7189:ใใใ ใ๊ใฏ
7174:ใใใใ ใใฎ
7139:ใใใน๊ใ
6940:ใใใ๊ใ
6920:ใฟใใ๊ใ
6887:ใช๊ใใงใ
6698:, not
6609:-shiku
6540:ใใใ๊ใใ
6529:ใใใ๊ใใจ
6526:ใใใ๊ใ
6513:ใฟใใ๊ใใ
6502:ใฟใใ๊ใใจ
6499:ใฟใใ๊ใ
6491:ใใคใใ ใ
6480:ใใค๊ใใญ
6449:ใช๊ใใฎใฟ
6441:ใช๊ใใปใฉ
6420:ใใใ๊ใใ
6393:ใคใใ๊ใใ
6369:ใใคใใ ใ
6349:ใใคใใญ๊
6346:ใใคใใปใฉ
6238:ใฆใคใ ๊ใ
6224:ใชใ๊ใฃใ
6207:ใ๊ใใฃใ
6196:ใชใใพ๊ใ
6193:ใชใใ๊ใ
6174:ใใใ๊ใ
6155:ใ๊ใใใ
6152:ใใใ๊ใ
6138:ใใ๊ในใ
6135:ใใใน๊ใ
6127:ใฏใใพ๊ใ
6124:ใฏใใ๊ใ
6075:ใใใชใฃใ
6061:ใใใใใ
6047:ใชใใพ๊ใ
6011:ใใใใใ
5994:ใใในใใ
5980:ใฏใใพ๊ใ
5873:ใฆใคใ ๊ใ
5865:ใชใใ๊ใ
5848:ใใใ๊ใ
5825:ใชใ๊ใชใ
5822:ใชใใ๊ใ
5808:ใใใ๊ใ
5786:ใใใ๊ใ
5769:ใใใน๊ใ
5761:ใฏใใ๊ใ
5758:ใฏใ๊ใชใ
5729:ใใใ๊ใ
5695:ใใใ๊ใ
5692:ใใใใชใ
5689:ใใใใใ
5639:ใใใใชใ
5622:ใใในใชใ
5608:ใฏใใ๊ใ
5602:ใฏใใใใ
5561:+ใใปใใ
5501:ใฆใคใ ๊ใ
5459:ใชใใพ๊ใ
5430:ใใใ๊ใ
5408:ใใใ๊ใ
5391:ใใใน๊ใ
5366:ใใใพ๊ใ
5305:ใชใใพ๊ใ
5209:ใใใพ๊ใ
4906:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใ
4895:ใฆใคใ ๊ใใจ
4892:ใฆใคใ ๊ใ
4884:ใชใใใ ใ
4873:ใชใ๊ใใญ
4857:ใใใใ ใ
4846:ใ๊ใใใญ
4822:ใช๊ใใพใง
4816:ใช๊ใใปใฉ
4795:ใใใ๊ใใ
4784:ใใใ๊ใใจ
4781:ใใใ๊ใ
4763:ใใใ๊ใใ
4752:ใใใ๊ใใจ
4749:ใใใ๊ใ
4736:ใใใน๊ใใ
4725:ใใใน๊ใใจ
4722:ใใใน๊ใ
4714:ใฏใใใ ใ
4703:ใฏใ๊ใใญ
4672:ใ๊ใใพใง
4664:ใ๊ใใปใฉ
4640:ใใใชใ๊ใ
4618:ใใใใ ใ
4607:ใใใใญ๊
4604:ใใใใปใฉ
4583:ใชใใพ๊ใง
4556:ใใใใ๊ใ
4524:ใใใใ๊ใ
4497:ใใในใ๊ใ
4475:ใฏใใใ ใ
4464:ใฏใใใญ๊
4461:ใฏใใใปใฉ
4432:ใใใพ๊ใง
4321:ใฆใคใ ๊ใ
4310:ใชใ๊ใใฏ
4304:ใชใ๊ใฃใฆ
4290:ใ๊ใใใฏ
4284:ใ๊ใใฃใฆ
4263:ใช๊ใฃใใ
4244:ใใใ๊ใ
4228:ใ๊ใใใฏ
4222:ใ๊ใใใฆ
4219:ใใใ๊ใ
4208:ใใ๊ในใฏ
4202:ใใ๊ในใฆ
4199:ใใใน๊ใ
4185:ใฏ๊ใใใ
4168:ใใช๊ใใ
4124:ใใใชใฃใฆ
4110:ใใใ๊ใฏ
4093:ใชใใชใใ
4087:ใชใฃใ๊ใ
4053:ใใใ๊ใฏ
4033:ใใใน๊ใฏ
4016:ใฏใใชใใ
4010:ใฏใใ๊ใ
3812:ใฟ๊ใฉใใ
3795:ใฏ๊ใใงใ
3781:ใใใ๊ใ
3778:ใ๊ใ ใใ
3746:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎ
3726:ใฟใใ๊ใฟ
3709:ใใ๊ใใ
3683:ใใใใจ๊
3666:ใใใฟ๊ใ
3645:ใใพ๊ใงใ
3599:ใฟใใง๊ใ
3582:ใฏใใ๊ใ
3576:ใฏใ ใ๊ใ
3360:+ ใฎ โ
3346:+ ใฎ โ
3332:+ ใฎ โ
3318:+ ใฎ โ
3281:โ ใฏใกใใฎ
3182:ใฟใฉใใ ใ
3177:ใฟ๊ใฉใใใ
3169:ใฟ๊ใฉใใฎ
3145:ใฏ๊ใใใช
3137:ใฏ๊ใใใ
3121:ใ๊ใใใ
3082:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใญ
3074:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎใ
3071:ใฎใฟ๊ใใฎ
3053:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใญ
3045:ใฟใใ๊ใฟใ
3042:ใฟใใ๊ใฟ
3034:ใใใใ ใ
3029:ใใ๊ใใใ
3019:ใใ๊ใใฎ
2990:ใใใใจ๊ใญ
2987:ใใใใจใฎ
2982:ใใใใจ๊ใ
2979:ใใใใจ๊
2971:ใใใฟใ ใ
2966:ใใใฟ๊ใใ
2927:ใใพ๊ใใช
2916:ใใพ๊ใใ
2897:ใใใใ ใ
2892:ใใใใ๊ใ
2881:ใใใใใ
2860:ใฟใใใช๊
2833:ใฏใ๊ใใ
2086:native
2029:-ke/ge
2003:-ke/ge
1996:-ke/ge
1660:phrase
1568:ใขใกใชใซ (
1530:sokuon
1462:H-H-H
1397:sokuon
1365:L-H๊L
1362:L-H๊M
1350:H๊L-L
1347:H๊M-M
1266:heiban
1246:heiban
1222:heiban
1182:ๆตทใงๆณณใ (
1158:heiban
1138:heiban
953:ไธปๆฆๅ ดใจ (
921:taisen
917:ichiji
880:-ha-ga
866:L-H-H
863:H๊L-L
854:H๊L-L
812:ๆดใใพใ (
807:sara-o
737:็พไปฃใฃๅญ (
730:ๆฑไบฌใฃๅญ (
708:Sendai
624:sokuon
587:heiban
315:stress
239:
233:
227:
219:
217:
211:
205:
36:, but
17359:texts
17332:Books
17252:Tล-on
17242:Go-on
16869:Kanji
16790:Ateji
16753:Kanji
16683:Yoron
16658:Kikai
16526:Other
16428:Inshลซ
16418:Bingo
16372:Kishลซ
16362:Awaji
16230:Tokyo
16220:Gunma
16211:Kantล
16196:Kesen
16186:Akita
16176:Nanbu
15832:JSTOR
15681:S2CID
15576:"ๆใใ"
15231:Notes
15221:tonbi
15171:Kลchi
15079:Kลchi
15018:usagi
14956:atama
14589:Osaka
14581:Kyoto
14562:ikkei
14556:ikkei
14529:Fukui
14525:Nikei
14496:-kara
14469:nikei
14453:Fukui
14425:Chลซbu
14421:Kanto
14335:river
14255:/ki๊/
14127:่ฆช็ถใฎใฃใฐ
14120:oyaji
14078:nihon
14058:hashi
14050:hashi
14028:nรฌhรณn
14008:nรญhรฒn
13999:nihon
13728:edge
13718:hร shรญ
13701:hร shรญ
13684:hรกshรฌ
13675:hashi
13593:kango
13567:ใปใ๊ใใ
13565:ใใฃใใ๊
13538:ใใ๊ใใ
13534:ใใ๊ใใ
13530:ใฟใ๊ใใ
13514:ใตใใคใ๊
13502:ใตใใพใ๊
13454:ใใใซ๊ใ
13391:ใใใใใ
13319:ใใใ๊ใ
13244:ใซ๊ใใใ
13221:ใฏใก๊ใใ
13217:ใชใช๊ใใ
13213:ใ๊ใใใ
13209:ใ๊ใใใ
13193:ใชใช๊ใใ
13189:ใ๊ใใใ
13185:ใ๊ใใใ
13169:ใชใช๊ใใ
13161:ใ๊ใใใ
13145:ใชใช๊ใใ
13141:ใ๊ใใใ
13087:ใ๊ใใใ
13075:ใซ๊ใใใ
13064:ใใ
๊ใใฉ
13060:ใใ
๊ใใฉ
12992:ใ๊ใใใค
12961:ใใใฎใ๊
12953:ใคใใใก๊
12937:ใชใช๊ใใ
12914:proof
12828:ใใใ
๊ใ
12814:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12770:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12766:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12762:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12756:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12752:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12748:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12732:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12728:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12708:ใใใ
๊ใ
12704:ใใใ
๊ใ
12688:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12684:ใซ๊ใใ
ใ
12562:โ ใใ
ใ
12552:โ ใใ
ใ
12542:โ ใใ
ใ
12532:โ ใใ
ใ
12522:โ ใใ
ใ
12512:โ ใใ
ใ
12502:โ ใใ
ใ
12492:โ ใใ
ใ
12482:โ ใใ
ใ
12426:ใใพ๊ใ
12376:ใใ
๊ใ
12205:ใ๊ใใ
12186:ใใพ๊ใ
12183:ใใ๊ใ
12047:ใซ๊ใใ
12027:ใซใพ๊ใ
12024:ใซใ๊ใ
11980:ใฒใใ๊
11977:ใใ
๊ใ
11945:ร100
11909:ใ๊ใใฐ
11905:ใ๊ใใฐ
11901:ใใ๊ใฐ
11895:ใใ๊ใฐ
11866:ใใใใชใ
11849:ใใใ๊ใ
11842:ใใใ๊ใ
11837:ใใใใ
11796:ใใใใฆ
11779:ใใ๊ใ
11776:ใใ๊ใ
11773:ใใ๊ใ
11767:ใใ๊ใ
11759:ใใพ๊ใ
11756:ใใพ๊ใ
11753:ใใพ๊ใ
11747:ใใพ๊ใ
11719:ใใใใ๊
11690:ใใใใ
11545:ใ๊ใใใฆ
11538:ใใ๊ใใฆ
11526:ใใ๊ใใฏ
11522:ใ๊ใใใ
11520:ใ๊ใใใฏ
11507:ใใ๊ใใฏ
11503:ใใใ๊ใ
11501:ใใใ๊ใฏ
11451:ใใ๊ใใฉ
11437:ใใใ๊ใฉ
11432:ใใณใ๊ใฉ
11361:ใใณใใซ
11321:ใใใใชใ
11314:ใใณใช๊ใ
11307:ใชใใฃใ
11280:ใใใใใ
11275:ใใณใใใ
11245:ใใใใใ
11240:ใใณใใใ
11187:ใใปใใ
11147:ใใณใพ๊ใ
11107:ใ๊ใใงใ
11044:ใงใใใ
10917:ใใ๊ใใง
10881:ใใ๊ในใฆ
10859:ใใใฃใฆใ
10836:ใใณใฆ๊ใฆ
10834:ใใณใฆ๊ใ
10830:ใใณใฆใใ
10826:ใใณใฆ๊ใ
10824:ใใณใฆ๊ใฏ
10816:ใใณใฆใ ใ
10807:ใฆใฆใปใงใฆ
10805:ใฆใใปใงใ
10803:ใฆใใปใงใ
10797:ใฆใใปใงใ
10795:ใฆใฏใปใงใฏ
10776:ใใ๊ใใ
10763:ใใ๊ในใ
10745:ใใณใ๊ใ
10743:ใใณใ๊ใ
10734:ใใใปใ ใ
10732:ใใใปใ ใ
10649:ใใใใใ
10640:ใใณใ๊ใ
10633:ใใใใฐ
10603:ใใณ๊ใคใค
10576:ใใณใชใใ
10571:ใใใชใใ
10552:ใใใ๊ใ
10539:ใใใ๊ใ
10537:ใใใใใซ
10535:ใใใใใช
10533:ใใใใใ
10488:ใใใใใ
10479:ใใณใ๊ใ
10477:ใใณใใใซ
10475:ใใณใใใช
10473:ใใณใใใ
10270:ใฟใใใช
10133:ใฉใใใฎ
10042:ใใใใจ
9976:ใใใ๊ใจ
9970:ใ๊ใใใจ
9783:ใใณ๊ใใ
9671:ใใใใ ใ
9626:ใใใใ ใ
9611:ใใ๊ใใ
9493:ใใใฉใ
9400:ใใใใ
9398:ใใใ๊ใ
9395:ใใณใใ
9393:ใใณใ๊ใ
9390:ใ๊ใใ
9385:ใใใใ
9303:ใ๊ใใใ
9293:ใใใใใ
9223:ใใใใช
9212:ใใใใช
9209:ใใณใใช
9099:ใใใใ ใจ
9035:ใใใ๊ใจ
9033:ใใใใ ใจ
9015:ใใ๊ใใจ
8982:ใใ๊ใใจ
8971:ใใ๊ใใจ
8915:ใใใ๊ใจ
8894:ใใณใ๊ใจ
8889:ใ๊ใใจใ
8887:ใ๊ใใจใฏ
8885:ใ๊ใใจใ
8848:ใจใฐใใ
8823:ใใ๊ใใฎ
8798:ใใใ๊ใฎ
8786:ใใ๊ใใฎ
8773:ใใ๊ใใฎ
8723:ใใใ๊ใฎ
8710:ใใณใ๊ใฎ
8697:ใ๊ใใชใฎ
8650:ใใ๊ใใฎ
8637:ใใ๊ใใฎ
8630:ใใ๊ใใฎ
8604:ใใใ๊ใฎ
8597:ใใณใ๊ใฎ
8592:ใ๊ใใฎใ
8560:ใ๊ใใฎ
8557:ใใใใฎ
8549:ใ๊ใใ
8511:ใ๊ใใ
8506:ใใใใ
8487:ใใใใซ
8470:ใใ๊ใใซ
8454:ใใ๊ใใซ
8447:ใใ๊ใใซ
8409:ใใใ๊ใซ
8403:ใใใ๊ใซ
8394:ใใณ๊ใซใ
8392:ใใณ๊ใซใฏ
8384:ใใณใ๊ใซ
8379:ใ๊ใใซใฏ
8325:ใใใใ
8323:ใใใ๊ใ
8320:ใใณใใ
8318:ใใณใ๊ใ
8315:ใ๊ใใ
8310:ใใใใ
8290:ใใ๊ใใ
8276:ใใใใ
8274:ใใใ๊ใ
8272:ใใใ๊ใ
8269:ใใณใใ
8265:ใใณใ๊ใ
8262:ใ๊ใใ
8256:ใใใใ
8181:ใใใใ
8179:ใใใ๊ใ
8176:ใใณใใ
8174:ใใณใ๊ใ
8134:ใใ๊ใใฏ
8120:ใใใใฏ
8118:ใใใ๊ใฏ
8116:ใใใ๊ใฏ
8113:ใใณใใฏ
8109:ใใณใ๊ใฏ
8106:ใ๊ใใฏ
8100:ใใใใฏ
8034:ใใใใ
8032:ใใใ๊ใ
8029:ใใณใใ
8027:ใใณใ๊ใ
8024:ใ๊ใใ
8019:ใใใใ
7994:ใใใใใ
7987:ใใณใใใ
7974:ใใใใใ
7964:ใ๊ใใ
7960:ใใใใ
7903:ใใใใ ใ
7887:ใใใใญ
7882:ใใ๊ใใญ
7824:ใใใใปใฉ
7797:ใใใใปใฉ
7790:ใใณใใปใฉ
7783:ใ๊ใใปใฉ
7773:ใใใใปใฉ
7757:ใ๊ใใธใฏ
7729:ใ๊ใใงใฏ
7647:ใใใใชใ
7640:ใใใใชใ
7626:ใใใใชใ
7619:ใใณใใชใ
7614:ใใใชใใซ
7605:ใใใใชใ
7598:ใชใ๏ผๅฝข๏ผ
7494:ใ๊ใใชใ
7299:ใใใใ ใ
7286:ใใใใ ใ
7261:ใใใใ ใ
7223:ใใใใ ใ
7210:ใใณใใ ใ
7197:ใ๊ใใ ใ
7187:ใใใ ใใฎ
7172:ใใใใ ใ
7154:ใใ๊ใ
7144:ใใ๊ใ
6973:-karo
6965:-karo
6900:ใใค๊ใ
6851:ใใใใ
6831:ใคใใใ
6788:+ใใใ
6778:+ใ ใใ
6773:+ใใใ
6700:-shii
6486:ใใค๊ใใ
6475:ใใค๊ใใจ
6472:ใใค๊ใ
6461:ใชใใ ใ
6444:ใช๊ใใญ
6409:ใใใใใจ
6406:ใใใใ
6382:ใคใใใใจ
6379:ใคใใใ
6361:ใใค๊ใใ
6325:+ใใใ
6221:ใชใ๊ใ
6204:ใ๊ใใ
6188:ใช๊ใฃใ
6167:-suru
6121:ใฏ๊ใใ
6118:ใฏใ๊ใ
6110:ใใพ๊ใ
6104:ใใ๊ใ
6072:ใใใชใ
6058:ใใใฃใ
6044:ใชใใใ
6027:ใใใใ
6020:-suru
6008:ใใใใ
6005:ใใใใ
5991:ใใในใ
5988:ใใในใ
5977:ใฏใใใ
5960:ใใพ๊ใ
5923:+ใใปใ
5856:ใชใ๊ใ
5839:ใ๊ใใ
5828:ใชใ๊ใ
5801:-suru
5752:ใฏใ๊ใ
5741:ใใ๊ใ
5735:ใ๊ใชใ
5703:ใใใชใ
5675:ใชใ๊ใ
5672:ใชใใชใ
5669:ใชใใใ
5655:ใใใใ
5648:-suru
5633:ใใใใ
5616:ใใในใ
5605:ใฏใใชใ
5588:ใใ๊ใ
5578:ใใใใ
5484:ใชใ๊ใ
5467:ใ๊ใใ
5423:-suru
5374:ใฏใ๊ใ
5330:ใใใชใ
5276:ใใใใ
5269:-suru
5254:ใใใใ
5237:ใใในใ
5175:+ใ ใใ
5170:+ใใใ
5053:-suru
5003:-suru
4879:ใชใ๊ใใ
4868:ใชใ๊ใใจ
4865:ใชใ๊ใ
4852:ใ๊ใใใ
4841:ใ๊ใใใจ
4838:ใ๊ใใ
4830:ใชใใ ใ
4819:ใช๊ใใญ
4774:-suru
4709:ใฏใ๊ใใ
4698:ใฏใ๊ใใจ
4695:ใฏใ๊ใ
4684:ใใใ ใ
4667:ใ๊ใใญ
4629:ใใใชใใจ
4626:ใใใชใ
4613:ใใใ๊ใ
4591:ใชใใ ใ
4580:ใชใใญ๊
4577:ใชใใปใฉ
4545:ใใใใใจ
4542:ใใใใ
4535:-suru
4513:ใใใใใจ
4510:ใใใใ
4486:ใใในใใจ
4483:ใใในใ
4470:ใฏใใ๊ใ
4446:ใใใ ใ
4426:ใใใญ๊
4423:ใใใปใฉ
4399:+ใใใ
4301:ใชใ๊ใ
4281:ใ๊ใใ
4268:ใช๊ใใฏ
4258:ใช๊ใฃใฆ
4237:-suru
4188:ใฏ๊ใใฏ
4182:ใฏ๊ใใฆ
4179:ใฏใ๊ใ
4156:ใ๊ใใ
4121:ใใใชใ
4104:ใใใฃใฆ
4090:ใชใ๊ใฏ
4063:-suru
4047:ใใใใฆ
4044:ใใใใ
4027:ใใในใฆ
4024:ใใในใ
4013:ใฏใ๊ใฏ
3994:ใใชใใ
3982:ใใ๊ใ
3958:+ใชใใ
3809:ใฟ๊ใฉใ
3792:ใฏ๊ใใ
3775:ใ๊ใงใ
3706:ใใ๊ใ
3663:ใใใฟ๊
3642:ใใพ๊ใ
3616:ใใใใ
3570:ใฏใง๊ใ
3553:+ใใใ
3548:+ใ ใใ
3435:๏ผ็ฎใฎๆต๏ผ
3424:๏ผๆใฎๅ
๏ผ
3420:โ ใใใฎ
3307:๏ผ้ขใฎ็ฎ๏ผ
3303:โ ใคใใฎ
3296:๏ผ่ฑใฎ้ฝ๏ผ
3292:โ ใฏใชใฎ
3283:ใใใ๊ใ
3279:ใใใ๊ใ
3274:๏ผๆฐดใฎๆณก๏ผ
3270:โ ใฟใใฎ
3259:โ ใคใใฎ
3172:ใฟ๊ใฉใใญ
3164:ใฟ๊ใฉใใ
3161:ใฟ๊ใฉใ
3153:ใฏใใ ใ
3148:ใฏ๊ใใใ
3140:ใฏ๊ใใฎ
3116:ใ๊ใใช
3108:ใ๊ใใ
3024:ใใ๊ใใญ
3014:ใใ๊ใใ
3011:ใใ๊ใ
2961:ใใใฟ๊ใญ
2958:ใใใฟใฎ
2953:ใใใฟ๊ใ
2950:ใใใฟ๊
2939:ใใพใ ใ
2932:ใใพ๊ใใ
2887:ใใใใญ๊
2884:ใใใใฎ
2868:ใฟใใ ใ
2863:ใฟใใ๊ใ
2852:ใฟใใใ
2825:ใฏใใช๊
2794:+ใใใ
1998:nouns
1880:-shii
1645:Many
1618:ke-ga
1595:ki-wa
1575:ใขใกใชใซ
1550:ใใใใ
1545:aijin
1523:ใใฃใทใ
1478:ใใใฐใ
1472:kลban
1445:manga
1416:Word
1357:otama
1327:Word
1307:L-H๊
1302:hashi
1287:hashi
1274:Word
1262:odaka
1250:hashi
1238:odaka
1230:odaka
1226:hashi
1218:hashi
1154:odaka
1058:ๆ ธๅปๆฃ็ฉ
1006:ไธไปฃไบคไปฃ
962:natta
960:ใชใฃใ (
793:shite
784:ๆ็ใ (
695:Saijล
664:Chiba
647:onbin
629:onbin
615:onbin
551:moshi
511:hashi
507:hashรญ
503:hรกshi
499:hashi
418:pitch
262:morae
221:N-kei
121:DeepL
16967:0213
16962:0212
16957:0211
16952:0208
16947:0201
16943:JIS
16937:2022
16800:Kana
16502:Saga
16466:ลita
16396:Tosa
16340:Kaga
16309:Hida
16304:Mino
16016:ISBN
15997:ISBN
15980:OCLC
15961:ISBN
15942:ISBN
15921:ISBN
15901:ISSN
15887:ISBN
15867:ISBN
15850:ISBN
15805:ISBN
15755:and
15630:"ๅฐใ"
15612:"ๆฅใ"
15594:"ๅฑ
ใ"
15558:"ใใ"
15357:ISBN
15279:The
15264:The
15187:bun,
15147:kawa
15054:Suzu
14533:Kaga
14531:and
14446:and
14383:word
14307:life
14267:tree
14220:wind
14198:mind
14186:/ki/
14122:gags
14114:lit.
14109:่ใๅธฐใ
14018:two
14001:ใซใปใ
13983:sร kรฉ
13964:sรกkรจ
13955:sake
13898:ใใใซ
13880:kร kรญ
13863:kร kรญ
13846:kรกkรฌ
13837:kaki
13812:now
13736:ใฏใใซ
13607:, .
13603:for
13561:ใตใใ๊
13478:ใใใญใ
13466:ใใซ๊ใ
13462:ใใซ๊ใ
13458:ใใซ๊ใ
13430:ใใใฐใ
13411:ใใใ ใ
13395:ใใใใ
13343:ใใกใใ
13165:ใ๊ใใ
13056:ใฏใก๊ใฉ
13052:ใใก๊ใฉ
13048:ใชใช๊ใฉ
13044:ใใ๊ใฉ
13040:ใ๊ใใฉ
13036:ใ๊ใใฉ
13000:ใ๊ใใค
12996:ใ๊ใใค
12963:ใใจใใ
12957:ใใคใ๊
12933:ใ๊ใใ
12598:ใใ
๊ใ
12594:ใใ
๊ใ
12588:ใใ
๊ใ
12584:ใใ
๊ใ
12578:ใใ
๊ใ
12574:ใใ
๊ใ
12564:ใใ
๊ใ
12560:ใใ
๊ใ
12335:ใฏใก๊
12294:ใใก๊
12256:ใช๊ใช
12215:ใใ๊
12100:ใ๊ใ
11983:ใ๊ใ
11974:ใใก๊
11942:ร10
11885:ใ๊ใชใ
11878:ใ๊ใชใ
11835:ใใใใ
11827:ใใใ
11815:ใ๊ใฆ
11808:ใ๊ใฆ
11794:ใใใใ
11744:+ใพใ
11739:ใ๊ใ
11733:ใ๊ใ
11729:ใใ๊
11716:ใ๊ใ
11710:ๅฝไปคๅฝข
11705:ใ๊ใ
11700:ใ๊ใ
11586:ใใใฐ
11568:ใใชใ
11552:ใใชใ
11524:ใใ๊ใ
11518:ใ๊ใใ
11505:ใใ๊ใ
11476:ใใใ
11460:ใใฃใ
11312:ใใณใชใ
11142:ใพใใ
11140:ใพใใใ
11089:ใงใใ
10995:ใ ใใ
10984:ใ๊ใใ
10974:ใใใใ
10971:ใ ใฃใฆ
10841:ใใใฃใฆ
10832:ใใณใฆใ
10750:ใใใฃใ
10709:ใใฆใ
10684:ใใใ
10638:ใใณใใ
10629:ใใใฃใ
10563:ใชใใ
10531:ใใใใ
10471:ใใณใใ
10466:ใใใซ
10407:ใใใ
10347:ใใใซ
10268:ใฟใใใ
10131:ใฉใใใ
10090:ใฐใใ
9957:ใใจใฎ
9727:ใใใ
9701:ใใใใ
9686:ใใใใ
9681:ใใณใใ
9656:ใใใใ
9641:ใใใใ
9636:ใใณใใ
9316:ใใใฏ
9290:ใใใ
9277:ใใใใช
9272:ใใในใช
9267:ใใใใช
9257:ใชใใ
9141:ใจใใฆ
9129:ใใใใจ
9114:ใใใใจ
9109:ใใณใใจ
9080:ใใใใจ
9057:ใใใใจ
9050:ใใณใใจ
9044:ใ๊ใใจ
9031:ใใใใจ
8992:ใใใใจ
8925:ใใใใจ
8904:ใใณใใจ
8883:ใ๊ใใจ
8856:ใใใใจ
8669:ใฎใงใ
8590:ใ๊ใใฎ
8577:ใใใใฎ
8545:ใใใ
8484:ใใณใซ
8415:ใใใใซ
8396:ใใณใใซ
8390:ใใณ๊ใซ
8377:ใ๊ใใซ
8361:ใใใใซ
8267:ใใณ๊ใ
8169:ใ๊ใใ
8157:ใใใใ
8111:ใใณ๊ใฏ
7943:ใใใใ
7923:ใใใใ
7917:ใใณใใ
7911:ใ๊ใใ
7901:ใใใใ
7865:ใใใใญ
7859:ใใณใใญ
7854:ใ๊ใใญ
7846:ใใใใญ
7770:ใปใฉใ
7755:ใ๊ใใธ
7745:ใใใใธ
7727:ใ๊ใใง
7717:ใใใใง
7612:ใใใชใ
7602:ใชใใฎ
7476:ใชใใฐ
7455:ใชใใฆ
7326:ใใใ
7185:ใใใ ใ
7169:ใ ใใ
7149:ใใใ
7134:ใใใ
7129:ใใณใ
7124:ใ๊ใ
7119:ใใใ
6937:ๅฌใใ
6874:ใช๊ใ
6848:ๅชใใ
6828:ๅทใใ
6799:ใใคใ
6783:+ใงใ
6556:The
6523:ๅฌใใ
6454:ใช๊ใใ
6439:ใช๊ใใจ
6436:ใช๊ใ
6403:ๅชใใ
6376:ๅทใใ
6344:ใใคใใจ
6341:ใใคใ
6330:+ใ ใ
6318:+ใฎใฟ
6308:+ใปใฉ
6235:ๆไผใ
6185:ใช๊ใ
6171:ไฟกใใ
6149:ไฟกใใ
6132:่ชฟในใ
6115:ๆดใใ
6098:ใ๊ใ
6095:ใ๊ใ
6055:ใใใ
6041:ใชใฃใ
6024:ๆใใ
6002:ๆใใ
5985:ๆฏในใ
5974:ใฏใใ
5971:ใฏใใ
5968:่
ซใใ
5955:ใใใ
5933:+ใพใ
5928:+ใใ
5870:ๆไผใ
5819:ใช๊ใ
5805:ไฟกใใ
5783:ไฟกใใ
5766:่ชฟในใ
5749:ๆดใใ
5726:ใ๊ใ
5686:ใใใ
5652:ๆใใ
5630:ๆใใ
5613:ๆฏในใ
5599:ใฏใใ
5596:่
ซใใ
5583:ใใชใ
5556:+ใชใ
5498:ๆไผใ
5450:ใช๊ใ
5427:ไฟกใใ
5405:ไฟกใใ
5388:่ชฟในใ
5371:ๆดใใ
5353:ใ๊ใ
5313:ใใใ
5273:ๆใใ
5251:ๆใใ
5234:ๆฏในใ
5220:ใฏใใ
5217:่
ซใใ
5180:+ใพใ
4889:ๆไผใ
4825:ใช๊ใใ
4814:ใช๊ใใจ
4811:ใช๊ใ
4778:ไฟกใใ
4746:ไฟกใใ
4719:่ชฟในใ
4692:ๆดใใ
4677:ใ๊ใใ
4662:ใ๊ใใจ
4659:ใ๊ใ
4602:ใใใใจ
4599:ใใใ
4586:ใชใ๊ใ
4539:ๆใใ
4507:ๆใใ
4480:ๆฏในใ
4459:ใฏใใใจ
4456:ใฏใใ
4453:่
ซใใ
4438:ใใ๊ใ
4404:+ใ ใ
4392:+ใพใง
4382:+ใปใฉ
4318:ๆไผใ
4255:ใช๊ใ
4241:ไฟกใใ
4216:ไฟกใใ
4196:่ชฟในใ
4176:ๆดใใ
4162:ใ๊ใฏ
4150:ใ๊ใฆ
4147:ใ๊ใ
4101:ใใใ
4084:ใชใฃใฆ
4068:ๆใใ
4041:ๆใใ
4021:ๆฏในใ
4007:ใฏใใฆ
4004:ใฏใใ
4001:่
ซใใ
3988:ใ๊ใฏ
3948:+ใใ
3789:ใฏ๊ใ
3772:ใ๊ใ
3743:้ฃฒใฟ็ฉ
3703:ใ่ๅญ
3639:ใใพ๊
3613:ใใใ
3596:ใฟใใ
3543:+ใงใ
3433:ใใใ๊
3431:โ ใใฎ
3429:ใใใ๊
3401:ใใใช๊
3397:ใใใช๊
3391:ใใจใ๊
3387:ใใจใ๊
3366:ใฏ๊ใฏใฎ
3362:ใฏ๊ใฏใฎ
3352:ใ๊ใฟใฎ
3348:ใ๊ใฟใฎ
3338:ใ๊ใฟใฎ
3334:ใ๊ใฟใฎ
3324:ใ๊ใใฎ
3320:ใ๊ใใฎ
3143:ใฏ๊ใใญ
3135:ใฏ๊ใใ
3132:ใฏ๊ใ
3124:ใใ ใ
3119:ใ๊ใใ
3111:ใ๊ใฎ
3068:้ฃฒใฟ็ฉ
3008:ใ่ๅญ
2925:ใใพ๊ใญ
2919:ใใพใฎ
2914:ใใพ๊ใ
2911:ใใพ๊
2879:ใใใใ
2876:ใใใ
2858:ใฟใใญ๊
2855:ใฟใใฎ
2839:ใฏใ ใ
2831:ใฏใ๊ใ
2815:ใฏใใ
2799:+ใ ใ
2787:+ใใช
2775:+ใใ
2027:For
1921:For
1634:H๊L
1631:L-H
1616:ๆฐใ (
1611:H๊L
1608:L-H
1593:้ปใฏ (
1543:ๆไบบ (
1514:ๅ่
น (
1469:ไบค็ช (
1451:ใพใใ
1442:ๆผซ็ป (
1434:(3)
1431:(2)
1428:(1)
1355:ใ็ (
1338:็ซ้ข (
1295:L-H
1292:L-M
1258:hana
1254:hana
1242:hana
1234:hana
1142:etc.
1132:etc.
1126:etc.
896:and
860:L-H
805:็ฟใ (
798:็ถใ (
791:ใใฆ (
777:ๆฏใ (
705:ไปๅฐ (
692:่ฅฟๆก (
679:็ฝๅฑฑ (
661:ๅ่ (
655:-shi
414:mora
152:must
150:You
17290:JSL
17032:EIS
16922:EUC
16391:Iyo
16117:Old
15824:doi
15782:san
15778:kai
15774:san
15770:kai
15757:san
15753:kai
15673:doi
15209:san
15200:kai
15077:In
15052:in
15014:mo,
14946:/หฉ/
14931:ใใใ
14862:่ตทใใ
14682:ๆญขใใ
14587:of
14543:In
14498::
14491:or
14489:-ga
14457:ลzu
14355:egg
14236:ๆญขใใ
14052:ใฏใ
13957:ใใ
13910:็ก่ ฃใซ
13839:ใใ
13819:รฌmรก
13802:รญmร
13795:ใใพ
13793:ima
13677:ใฏใ
13490:ใใญใ
13486:ใใญใ
13482:ใใญใ
13442:ใใฐใ
13438:ใใฐใ
13434:ใใฐใ
13423:ใใ ใ
13419:ใใ ใ
13415:ใใ ใ
13379:ใใ ใ
13375:ใใ ใ
13371:ใใ ใ
13359:ใใใ
13331:ใใใ
12885:ใช๊ใช
12871:ใใ๊
12800:ใช๊ใช
12786:ใใ๊
12772:ใช๊ใช
12758:ใใ๊
12678:ใช๊ใช
12674:ใช๊ใช
12668:ใใ๊
12664:ใใ๊
12648:ใช๊ใช
12644:ใช๊ใช
12638:ใใ๊
12634:ใใ๊
12618:ใใก๊
12614:ใใก๊
12554:ใฏใก๊
12550:ใฏใก๊
12544:ใใก๊
12540:ใใก๊
12534:ใช๊ใช
12530:ใช๊ใช
12524:ใใ๊
12520:ใใ๊
12504:ใ๊ใ
12500:ใ๊ใ
12484:ใใก๊
12480:ใใก๊
12416:ใ๊
12174:ใ๊
12140:ใ๊
12057:ใใ
12015:ใซ๊
11939:ร1
11892:+ใฐ
11871:ใใชใ
11861:ใใชใ
11856:+ใชใ
11825:ใใใ
11813:ใ๊ใ
11806:ใ๊ใ
11801:ใใฆ
11791:ใใฆ
11786:+ใฆ
11737:ใ๊ใ
11725:ใใ๊
11695:ใใ
11688:ๆใใ
11685:ใใ
11602:ใใ
11533:ใใฆ
11499:ใใใ
11494:ใใ
11427:ใฉใ
11381:ใใ
11356:ใใซ
11305:ใชใใง
11138:ใพใใ
10969:ใ ใฃใ
10814:ใใณใฆ
10789:ใฆใปใง
10741:ใใณใ
10730:ใใปใ
10631:ใใใฆ
10598:ใคใค
10464:ใใใช
10462:ใใใ
10345:ใใใช
10343:ใใใ
10266:ใฟใใ
10245:ใพใ
10204:ในใ
9955:ใใจใซ
9912:ใพใง
9871:ใฎใฟ
9843:ใใ
9765:ใใ
9713:ใใ
9491:ใใใฉ
9288:ใใใฏ
9262:ใใณใช
9154:ใฃใฆ
8571:ใฎใ
8352:ใซใ
8213:ใใ
8152:ใใจ
8057:ใใ
7971:ใใ
7768:ใปใฉใฏ
7742:ใธใ
7714:ใงใ
7666:ใใ
7600:ใชใใซ
7453:ใชใใ
7386:ใชใฉ
7167:ใ ใใซ
7165:ใ ใใ
7163:ใ ใใฏ
7161:ใ ใใฎ
7137:่ชฟในใ
7127:ๆตดใณใ
6971:in
6917:็ญใ
6897:็ฑใ
6871:็กใ
6868:่ตทไผ
6796:ๅใ
6793:ๅนณๆฟ
6647:-ku
6632:-ku
6605:-ku
6601:-ku
6580:-ku
6576:-ku
6558:-ku
6496:็ญใ
6469:็ฑใ
6433:็กใ
6430:่ตทไผ
6338:ๅใ
6335:ๅนณๆฟ
6313:+ใญ
6218:็ฟใ
6201:ๅธฐใ
6182:ๆใ
6092:ๅฐใ
6086:่ตทไผ
6069:่กใ
6052:ๆดใ
6038:ใชใ
6035:้ณดใ
5950:ใใ
5947:ใใ
5944:ๅฑ
ใ
5938:ๅนณๆฟ
5853:็ฟใ
5836:ๅธฐใ
5816:ๆใ
5723:ๅฐใ
5717:่ตทไผ
5700:่กใ
5683:ๆดใ
5666:ใชใ
5663:้ณดใ
5575:ใใ
5572:ๅฑ
ใ
5566:ๅนณๆฟ
5481:็ฟใ
5464:ๅธฐใ
5447:ๆใ
5350:ๅฐใ
5344:่ตทไผ
5327:่กใ
5310:ๆดใ
5296:ใชใ
5293:้ณดใ
5194:ใใ
5191:ๅฑ
ใ
5185:ๅนณๆฟ
4862:็ฟใ
4835:ๅธฐใ
4808:ๆใ
4656:ๅฐใ
4650:่ตทไผ
4623:่กใ
4596:ๆดใ
4575:ใชใใจ
4572:ใชใ
4569:้ณดใ
4421:ใใใจ
4418:ใใ
4415:ๅฑ
ใ
4409:ๅนณๆฟ
4387:+ใญ
4298:็ฟใ
4278:ๅธฐใ
4252:ๆใ
4144:ๅฐใ
4138:่ตทไผ
4118:่กใ
4098:ๆดใ
4081:ใชใ
4078:้ณดใ
3977:ใใฆ
3974:ใใ
3971:ๅฑ
ใ
3963:ๅนณๆฟ
3953:+ใฏ
3943:+ใฆ
3769:ใ๊
3763:้ ญ้ซ
3700:ไธญ้ซ
3660:ไผใฟ
3633:ๅฐพ้ซ
3630:่ตทไผ
3593:ใฟใ
3567:ใฏใ
3558:ๅนณๆฟ
3538:+ใ
3454:or
3381:ใกใก๊
3377:ใกใก๊
3358:ใฏ๊ใฏ
3344:ใ๊ใฟ
3330:ใ๊ใฟ
3316:ใ๊ใ
3305:ใใ๊
3301:ใใ๊
3294:ใฟใใ
3290:ใฟใใ
3272:ใใ๊
3268:ใใ๊
3114:ใ๊ใญ
3106:ใ๊ใ
3103:ใ๊
3097:้ ญ้ซ
3005:ไธญ้ซ
2947:ไผใฟ
2905:ๅฐพ้ซ
2902:่ตทไผ
2850:ใฟใใ
2847:ใฟใ
2823:ใฏใญ๊
2818:ใฏใฎ
2804:ๅนณๆฟ
2792:+ใใ
2780:+ใฎ
1970:-mi
1966:-sa
1945:-mi
1938:-mi
1923:-na
1876:-sa
1852:-sa
1845:-sa
1679:้ฃ็จๅฝข
1623:ใใ
1600:ใใฏ
1300:ๆฉ (
1285:็ซฏ (
1268:):
1164:or
968:As
913:dai
911:็ฌฌ (
902:-su
892:chi
885:ryo
563:roi
535:้ข็ฝใ
483:ๅนณๆฟๅผ
468:ๅฐพ้ซๅ
456:or
437:ไธญ้ซๅ
424:้ ญ้ซๅ
403:่ตทไผๅผ
123:or
17378::
15830:.
15820:26
15818:.
15766:ne
15762:ha
15679:.
15669:27
15667:.
15642:^
15632:.
15614:.
15596:.
15578:.
15560:.
15509:^
15492:^
15474:^
15450:^
15417:^
15407:.
15333:^
15317:^
15301:^
15248:^
15090:,,
15088::
15065:,,
15063::
15044:,,
15034:,,
15032::
15030:mo
15010:na
15006:mo
14998:ka
14986:,,
14976:,,
14974::
14972:ta
14920:โ
14917:3
14897:โ
14874:โ
14871:2
14851:โ
14828:โ
14789:โ
14786:3
14763:โ
14760:2
14751:็ฝใ
14740:โ
14717:โ
14691:1
14671:โ
14648:โ
14591:.
14508:,,
14503:,,
14427:,
14380:,
14377:่จ่
14367:โ
14364:3
14352:,
14332:,
14319:โ
14316:2
14304:,
14284:,
14264:,
14251:1
14239:,
14217:,
14195:,
14157:.
14142:.
14136:,
14130:,
14112:,
14065:ni
14033:ๆฅๆฌ
14013:ไบๆฌ
13944:ๆฟใซ
13927:ๅฃใซ
13851:็ก่ ฃ
13824:ๅฑ
้
13782:็ซฏใซ
13765:ๆฉใซ
13748:็ฎธใซ
12857:ใใ
12744:ใใ
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