664:
1237:
571:(Imperial Emigration Company), visited Brazil accompanied by Teijiro Suzuki. The timing was propitious, as the restriction of Japanese entry into the US and the restriction of Italian emigration to Brazil meant that the interests of both countries, Japan and Brazil, were aligned. The interest came mainly from São Paulo, since the state was looking for alternatives to Italian immigrants, pursuing the policy of wage depreciation by offering rural workers in quantities above demand. There was also an expectation that Japanese immigrants would resolve the tensions between employers and employees, a situation that had been worsening since the beginning of the century. After the government received favorable reports of the performance of Japanese immigrants in Hawaii, in which the superiority of the Japanese labor force compared to Europeans was praised, the São Paulo state government approved their entry.
2199:, previously restricted to properties close to consumer centers, has expanded with the influence of immigrants to different cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo and other Brazilian states, employing the most advanced technologies to the point of representing an important item in the country's trade balance. Thirty-eight municipalities in 6 Brazilian states with a strong Japanese influence account for 28% of the fruit volume. Depending on the crop, the representability reaches more than 80%. Forty-four municipalities with a strong Japanese influence from four Brazilian states account for 21% of the volume of vegetables, reaching more than 90% in some products. In 1940, the Superintendence of Coffee Business reported that the Japanese living in São Paulo did not represent even 3.5% of the state's population, but their participation in agriculture represented: 100% of the production of
1689:
countryside, as the suppliers were usually friends or relatives. Whichever activity the family chose, it was up to the first-born to work alongside their parents. The custom was a
Japanese tradition of delegating to the eldest son the continuation of the family activity and also the need to help pay for the studies of the younger brothers. While the eldest worked, the younger siblings entered technical courses, such as accounting, mainly because it was easier to deal with numbers than with Portuguese. As for colleges, the preferred ones were engineering, medicine and law, which guaranteed money and social prestige. In 1958, Japanese descendants already represented 21% of Brazilians with education above high school. In 1977, they were 2.5% of the population of São Paulo, and accounted for 13% of those who passed the
3298:
2528:
171:
121:
717:
2444:, Japanese-Brazilians, who are 1.2% of the population of the city of São Paulo, represent 4% of those enrolled in the entrance exam and about 15% of those approved. In the most competitive careers, such as Medicine and Engineering, they represent, on average, 15% and 20% of enrolled students, respectively. According to IBGE data, 28% of Japanese-Brazilians have completed higher education, while the national average is approximately 8%. The good performance of these students is due to the fact that the Japanese carry values such as discipline, respect for hierarchy, effort and dedication, as well as the belief that education is the best way to rise economically.
3346:
889:
800:
816:
865:
334:
1681:, it was mandatory that the business did not require a large initial investment or advanced knowledge of Portuguese. Consequently, many of the settlers began to engage in small businesses or basic services, including dyeing. In the 1970s, 80% of the 3,500 establishments that washed and ironed the clothes of São Paulo's citizens were owned by Japanese. According to the anthropologist Célia Sakurai: "The business was convenient for families because they could live in the back of the dyehouse and do all the work without having to hire employees. In addition, the communication required by the activity was brief and simple".
901:
159:
1213:
3425:
326:
4343:
422:
2137:, which was a result of planting techniques developed in Japan, because in that country, due to the lack of space, large quantities were produced in small areas. On December 17, 1956, the National Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives of Colonization was founded, which was called the Federation of Immigration and Colonization Cooperatives. This institution was created to support Japanese immigrant farmers, promoting exchanges between these pioneers living in Brazil and Japan. Since 1994, the work has been expanded with personal training and the improvement of techniques for
1225:
776:
3500:
764:
788:
628:, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The colony produced milk and dairy products, as well as corn, beans and rice. The rice was planted in the numerous floodplains of the property, reaching two harvests per year. As time went by, the immigrants abandoned the project. Other Japanese were sent to the area by the Immigration Company, but they also abandoned the property. The colony ended in 1912 when Saburo Kumabe and his family left. There were several reasons for the failure of the colony, such as exhaustion of the soil, lack of investment,
1104:
warning. About 90% of the displaced people were
Japanese-Brazilians, leaving only those with Brazilian citizenship, but many also had to move to accompany their parents or spouses. This decision was made by the government due to unfounded rumors about immigrants disguised as fishermen to supposedly provide information to German submarines that were infesting the Brazilian coast. Even the sick patients were forced to move, being carried in hammocks. After the eviction, the abandoned houses were invaded by strangers. The Santos newspaper
2423:
2330:, as a result of the work of the Companhia de Terras Sul América which, after being founded, granted the land to the Companhia Nambei Toshi Kabushiki Kaisha, giving rise to the colonization of the area that is now Uraí. With the result of the first cultivation, production began to expand and has been marketed both in Brazil and abroad. In the 1970s, the city became the largest producer of ramie in the world, earning the nickname "ramie capital of the world". The crop occupied 22% of the total area of the municipality and the
877:
2414:
sold to
Japanese industrialists". The drop in sales to Japan occurred due to the conflict in World War II, as the United States prohibited the passage of cargo ships through conflict zones. In 1952, the percentage of Japanese immigrants engaged in horticultural activities was 34.1%, while those in coffee had dropped to 27.5% and cotton to 20.5%. Currently, the Maeda Group, founded by Takayuki Maeda, is considered the largest verticalized chain of the crop in the world with operations from seed genetics to spinning.
1710:
1201:
2945:
largest group has only a fair knowledge of the language (29%), with 11% having no knowledge at all and 20% having a very high knowledge. Among grandchildren, the largest group has little knowledge (29%) and the percentage of those who have none rises to 21% and those who have very high knowledge decreases to 12%. On the other hand, the great-grandchildren of
Japanese or later generations show an intense polarization: 72% have no knowledge of the Japanese language and 28% have a very high level.
147:
1253:
1190:, the magazine with the largest circulation at the time, an illustrated article in which they intended to teach Brazilians how to distinguish a Japanese from a Chinese. David Nasser wrote, among other things, that the Japanese could be distinguished by their "repulsive, short-sighted, insignificant appearance". According to the writer Roney Cytrynowicz, "the oppression against Japanese immigrants, unlike what happened to Italians and Germans in São Paulo, makes it clear that the
2536:
1065:
night of
February 2, 1942, police agents from DEOPS – the State Department of Public and Social Order, woke up the descendants living on Conde de Sarzedas Street and Students Street and, without any court order, warned them that they would have to leave the area within 12 hours. With nowhere to go, most stayed. However, the same was repeated on the night of September 6, when a ten-day deadline was given for the Japanese-Brazilians to move out of the area permanently.
1780:
2233:, in Pará, which would come to be called the "black diamond" of the Amazon, should be highlighted. Through Japanese immigrants, Tomé-Açu became the world's largest producer of black pepper. The immigrants imported the first seeds from Singapore to Brazil, and with the prosperity leveraged by the Japanese, the population of the municipality more than tripled in twenty years, drawing the attention of many people in search of job opportunities, mostly migrants from
135:
973:, my beloved city, is the largest center of Japanese in Brazil. They are the most efficient people for the job, educated, cultured, sober.... During the dark night when the farmers could not pay their settlers regularly, not a Japanese settler was seen impatient or complaining. As for race, I don't know if the great doctors (the anti-Japanese doctors Neiva and Couto) are right, because in Marília there are handsome and robust men and women among the settlers.
708:, bringing another 906 Japanese immigrants, constituting 247 families, divided between 518 men and 391 women, who were sent to work on 17 coffee farms in the State of São Paulo. Despite all this, Japanese immigration continued to grow. In 1914, when the São Paulo government stopped hiring immigrants, the Japanese population in Brazil was estimated at 10,000 people. By 1915, another 3,434 families (14,983 people) of Japanese immigrants had arrived in Brazil.
35:
605:, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo. He was pleased with what he saw and made reports to the government and to the Japanese emigration companies in which he recommended Brazil for Japanese immigrants. The departure of the first batch of Japanese to work in the coffee plantations in 1897 was canceled the day before the shipment, due to the crisis that the price of the product suffered throughout the world, which would continue until 1906.
2451:, had the church as the main socializing nucleus, the Japanese had the school playing this role.In addition, the school reproduced the culture of their ancestors and maintained a nationalist mentality, as the first immigrants had plans to return to Japan. The Japanese government also sent inspectors to check on the situation in the colonies, as well as advising the communities on their activities and school education. The school trained the
957:
arguments such as: "they are stealing our jobs and our land", as well as racist, eugenicist statements such as "they will pollute our race". Those in favor of it tended to focus on production levels, with
Japanese farmers producing 46% of Brazil's cotton, 57% of its silk and 75% of its tea in 1936. Other arguments given by proponents of Japanese immigration were the need for a larger workforce. One of the advocates of Japanese immigration,
1864:
59:
9127:
10069:
109:
10057:
47:
85:
71:
97:
3520:, an entity responsible for the health and well-being of Japanese immigrants in Brazil, was also important. The Japanese government sent doctors to Brazil to attend to the immigrants, but they were not enough to attend to the entire population. In addition to the precarious service, in the case of the Japanese, this problem was aggravated by the lack of understanding of the Portuguese language.
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Other families decided to live in the suburban area to engage in horticultural activities and to be close to good schools for their children. By 1952, 34.1% of
Japanese immigrants were engaged in horticultural activities, while those in coffee had dropped to 27.5% and cotton to 20.5%. The city of São Paulo became the city with the largest number of Japanese outside Japan.
1310:(son of the 1934 constituent deputy) was put to a vote, which simply stated: "The entry into the country of Japanese immigrants of any age and from any source is prohibited". The deputy Miguel Couto Filho often spoke on the rostrum of the constituent assembly defending his constitutional amendment project by quoting a book he had written, the title of which was: "
483:
Orientals would spread ethnically and culturally throughout the
Americas. Fear of the "yellow peril" had been exacerbated by the militaristic expansionism of the Japanese empire which, seeking to conquer lands to colonize, defeated China in 1895 and Russia in 1905 (the third defeat of a European country against a non-European in modern times, the first being the
3569:, the Liberdade Medical Center, in São Paulo capital, and the Mobile Medical Assistance, which aims to provide medical assistance, performing consultations and exams to people in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and cities in the interior of the state, in addition to raising awareness and guiding the public served on chronic diseases, health and nutrition.
1100:" was used for the prisons that housed the persecuted. The expression is different compared to the German concentration camps, where torture and death took place. In Brazil, there were several "concentration camps", which were aimed at German, Italian and Japanese immigrants. Overall, during the war, the Brazilian government created 31 concentration camps.
3130:) due to the great ethnic-cultural differences: language, religion, customs, traditions and prejudices of the Japanese against Brazilians and vice versa. They also did not want to create permanent ties in Brazil, hoping to return to Japan. Initially, marriages between Japanese and non-Japanese descendants were rare, although they did happen occasionally.
1120:, Pará, was practically transformed into a "concentration camp" from which no Japanese-Brazilians could leave. At this time, the Brazilian ambassador in Washington, Carlos Martins Pereira e Sousa, encouraged the Brazilian government to transfer all Japanese-Brazilians to "internment camps" without the need for legal support, just as had been done with
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profits from the first harvest, considering that coffee is a biennial crop. This allowed many
Japanese to save up and buy their first pieces of land. The first land purchase by Japanese in the interior of São Paulo took place in 1911. With their social rise and the arrival of relatives, most Japanese immigrants decided to stay in Brazil permanently.
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neighbors, debt collection and even children's fights. Thousands of
Japanese immigrants were expelled from Brazil on suspicion of espionage, and even arrested for suspicious activities when they gathered. In December 1942, the journalist Hideo Onaga and some companions were arrested at a picnic because they were suspected of building a submarine.
3139:, an arranged marriage in which there was an intermediary between Japanese families. Marriage between people from distant Japanese provinces was common in Brazil, but not in Japan. The exception was with people from Okinawa, because for centuries there had been a certain prejudice between Okinawans and Japanese due to cultural differences.
2405:. In 1936, immigrants produced 57% of Brazil's silk, and in 1940, in the state of São Paulo, they produced 100% of the state's silk. Japanese immigrants founded Sociedade Colonizadora do Brasil Ltda, which has the Japanese name of Burajiru Takushoku Kumiai, abbreviated as Bratac, which is currently the country's leading spinning industry.
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and language similarity. In addition, the power of the environment had an influence (in regions where immigrants stayed together in isolated groups, the native language could survive for generations, while in regions where there was more fusion between immigrants and Brazilians, the native language was quickly supplanted by Portuguese).
2222:, where its members began to produce apples, mainly of the Fuji variety, which soon replaced imported apples in the 80s. Currently, Brazil is a major producer and exporter of apples, shipping mainly to Europe. Cooperatives such as Sanjo and Cooperserra that started with Japanese apple growers are responsible for major apple brands.
842:. Other factors for the growth of immigration were the advertisements of rapid enrichment in Brazil released by the government of Japan. Other countries, such as Australia and Canada, also placed restrictions on the entry of Japanese immigrants. Brazil became one of the few countries in the world to accept immigrants from Japan.
2409:
1942, 39.2% of all Japanese-Brazilians were engaged in cotton growing. The main Brazilian export market was Japan, and between January and July 1939, 51% of the product leaving the port of Santos was destined for the Japanese market. Due to the increasing development of relations between the two countries, the rapporteur of the
2987:", which comes from the English "toilet". Moreover, the Japanese spoken in Brazil is a mixture of several Japanese dialects, especially from western Japan, as most immigrants came from that area. In addition, the language of the immigrants was heavily influenced by Portuguese. As a result, the Japanese used in Brazil is called
3448:, immigrated to Brazil at the age of 58 to begin a tireless 17-year pastoral activity with the Japanese community settled in Brazil; he worked in the states of São Paulo, Mato Grosso, Paraná and Minas Gerais. He was the first Japanese missionary to work abroad and died with a reputation for sanctity on March 14, 1940; his
2968:, reported having spoken Japanese at home when they were children. This reflects that the second generation was mainly educated by their Japanese parents using the Japanese language. On the other hand, the third generation did not have much contact with their grandparents' language and most of them speak only Portuguese.
8672:
961:, then a congressman, proposed that the quotas be circumvented by the use of so-called "call letters", which would allow both Brazilian citizens and immigrants with permanent residence in Brazil to "call" their relatives and these could immigrate to Brazil. In a speech to the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo,
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3273:. Japanese immigrants rarely married non-Japanese, but their descendants, from the second and third generations onwards, increasingly began to marry people of non-Japanese origin. In 1989, the interethnic marriage rate was 45.9% in Brazil. Today, marriages between descendants and non-descendants exceed 50%.
3254:", with photos of Japanese families with Brazilian women to prove that the union between Brazilians and Japanese would generate so-called "white" children. Three years later, in 1935, one of the advocates of Japanese immigration stated that the Japanese settlers were "even whiter than the Portuguese" in the
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artists. With the arrival of post-war Japanese immigrants, these activities took on a new impetus – ceramists, plastic artists, craftsmen, photographers arrived in Brazil bringing novelties in aesthetic conceptions that helped to "compose and give new shape to the plastic arts of Brazil", in the words of
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2940:
The Japanese language is still an important element for the cultural identity of Japanese descendants in the city of São Paulo. According to a Datafolha survey published in 2008, 82% of Japanese descendants interviewed said they understood "even a little" the Japanese language. 46% of Japanese people
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The first Japanese school in Brazil, Taisho Shogakko, was founded by Professor Shinzo Miyazaki at his residence in 1914, and was officially recognized the following year. Initially, Japanese schools taught subjects related to Japan with a view to returning to their homeland. Later, schools founded by
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in the precepts of Japanese education, informing them about Japan and imparting discipline. According to data from the Secretary of Agriculture of the State of São Paulo, among immigrants over the age of 12 who disembarked at the port of Santos between 1908 and 1932, the literacy rate was 89.9% among
2290:
In a short time, the immigrants managed to capitalize and buy their own equipment for fishing, as well as for transporting and storing fish. The Japanese fishing activity on the coast of Santos, in the state of São Paulo, is evident. After World War II, the Japanese in this area created cooperatives,
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The Japanese-Brazilian farmers also created the Green Belt of Brasília, to meet the needs of the population of the Federal District. In 1957, when the future capital of Brazil was being built, the soil in the region was very acidic, making it extra difficult to produce food, which until then had been
1284:
Brazilian politicians continued to value the European immigrant as the most desirable. Decree-Law No. 7,967 of 1945 regulated immigration policy and stated that the entry of immigrants would be based on the need to preserve and develop, in the ethnic composition of the population, the most convenient
1064:
Before going to war, the Brazilian government took measures that affected the Japanese-Brazilian community. When Brazilian ships were torpedoed by German submarines, the Liberdade neighborhood already had the largest population of Japanese-Brazilians in the city of São Paulo. A few days later, on the
943:
The consequence was the approval, by a large majority, of a constitutional amendment that established immigration quotas without mentioning race or nationality, and that prohibited the concentration of immigrant populations. According to the constitutional text, Brazil could only receive, per year, a
740:
However, through a system called "partnership farming", the workers committed themselves to clear the land, sow the coffee, take care of the plantation and return the area seven years later, when the second harvest would be ready. In exchange, they kept everything they planted besides coffee, and the
659:
on June 18, 1908. There were 781 people, 186 of whom were women, comprising 165 families. There were few women because most of the groups had a husband and wife at their core and the rest were made up of relatives or even acquaintances who were not family members. These immigrants went to work in the
3510:
Medical care was precarious when Japanese immigrants arrived in Brazil, and they faced difficulties with communication, failed to adapt to local conditions and consequently contracted diseases. This situation led the immigrants and the Japanese government to organize to improve and try to remedy the
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Marriage to Catholic people also contributed to the growth of this religion in the Japanese-Brazilian community. According to IBGE data from the year 2000, about 63.9% of Japanese descendants in Brazil are Catholics, which represented the renunciation of religions commonly followed in Japan, such as
3002:
at the highest levels of the educational scenario, encouraging bilingualism among the new generations. Before the ban on teaching foreign languages in Brazil, teachers received direct guidance from representatives of the Japanese government. In the post-war period, textbooks were developed in Brazil
2477:
in Brazil, which is a mathematical calculation instrument that facilitates the understanding of numbering systems, assisting in mathematical education, as it helps in the improvement and development of concentration, motor coordination and dexterity, agility of mental calculations and development of
2413:
stated in a report that, since a large part of the production and marketing of cotton in southern Brazil was in Japanese hands, he assumed that this product was more preferred by Japanese buyers. At the time, it was reported that "much of the cotton crop in southern Brazil belongs to Japanese and is
2148:
around the city of São Paulo contributed to the formation of the Green Belt of São Paulo. The Japanese-Brazilians settled around the capital due to the fact that this community produced a considerable amount of vegetables, which is a highly perishable product, so the production site could not be too
2028:
The population of Japanese origin in Brazil is extremely urban. If at the beginning of immigration almost all Japanese were in rural areas, in 1958, 55.1% were already in urban centers. By 1988, 90% were in urban centers. This early rural exodus had a direct influence on the occupational profile and
1666:
The flow of Japanese immigration resumed in the early 1950s and only ceased almost entirely in 1973. In total, almost 200,000 Japanese were welcomed as immigrants to the country. In the early 1960s, the Japanese-Brazilian population in the cities already exceeded that of the countryside. As the vast
1263:
When World War II ended, immigrants began to receive letters from their relatives who were in Japan reporting on the difficulties of the country after the war. For almost all the families settled in Brazil, it was the end of the dream of returning to Japan. Immigrants became convinced of the need to
1108:
reported on the situation of those trying to dispose of their belongings: "In Marapé, Ponta da Praia and Santa Maria, there was a real rush to sell pigs, chickens, mules, etc. Many farm owners put almost everything they owned up for sale. They sold at any price, because there was no time to haggle".
1072:
Japanese-Brazilians could not travel through the national territory without a pass issued by a police authority; more than 200 schools in the Japanese community were closed; radio sets were seized so that shortwave transmissions from Japan could not be heard. Japanese-Brazilians were prohibited from
1002:
Decree No. 383 of April 18, 1938 imposed several prohibitions on foreigners: they could not participate in political activities, form any kind of association, speak foreign languages in public or use them as a language of literacy for children; for most Japanese in the country, this was the only way
956:
In the 1930s, the issue of Japanese immigration was much debated, and the written material at the time was published in the most diverse ways, with thousands of pages of articles, advertisements and books on Japanese immigration. Those who opposed the entry of Japanese used essentially nationalistic
736:
The Japanese expected to accumulate money quickly, but they received little, because their first payments were discounted from the installments of the debt for the trip, plus the expenses for food and medicine, usually bought on the farm itself. The contract stipulated that immigrants should stay on
695:
in June of the following year; but, mostly single individuals and little accustomed to farming, they shied away from certain agricultural services, which they gradually abandoned. Only a few families made up of real farmers remained on the farms, who work very hard to the satisfaction of the farmers
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had to dress like farmers. Buddhism arrived in Brazil as a way of preserving Japanese culture, but the number of followers is currently decreasing within the Japanese-Brazilian community. According to IBGE data, there has been a drop in the number of Buddhists; in 1991, there were more than 230,000
3466:
Brazilians to Christianity. They offered a kind of Catholicism with which the Japanese could identify". The Japanese-Brazilian Pastoral, a non-profit civic-religious association that works in the evangelization and catechesis of Japanese and their descendants or others living in Brazil, was created
3305:
Decree No. 383 of April 18, 1938 established several prohibitions on foreigners, including that they could not participate in political activities. In the 1940s, Japanese, German and Italian immigrants were persecuted and treated as "subjects of the Axis". After the war, there was an attempt to ban
2369:
and were taught cultivation techniques, construction skills and the Portuguese language. At first, jute farming did not produce good results, as the plant did not adapt very well to the region, but with the acclimatization work done by Riota Oyama with the creation of the "Oyama variety", it became
2306:
The contribution of the Japanese in the industrial sector from the 1960s onwards is highlighted by the fact that many industries from Japan set up their branches in Brazil, most of them associating with Japanese-Brazilian enterprises. Not only technology was implemented, but also new administrative
1724:
and Japan's demand for workforce, about 85 000 Japanese and descendants living in Brazil decided to try life in Japan between 1980 and 1990. Japanese descendants and their spouses, with or without Japanese ancestry, and their mixed-race or non-Japanese children, began to emigrate to Japan in search
1632:
At that time, Japanese-Brazilians began to play a more active role in politics. One of the first political events occurred after a measure imposed by the government of the State of São Paulo, which had the objective of increasing popularity among voters, to make a tabulation of the prices of dyeing
1056:
suffered repression from the authorities and derision from the population. The families of Japanese immigrants suffered from looting by the population, in which their belongings were stolen or destroyed by the people. These acts usually took place in the homes or businesses of these immigrants, and
845:
There were also bills to restrict the immigration of Japanese to Brazil. On October 22, 1923, Congressman Fidélis Reis presented a draft law to regulate the entry of immigrants with an article that said: "The entry of settlers of the black race into Brazil is prohibited and, as for the yellow race,
752:
From 1912 onwards, groups of Japanese residents moved to the Conde de Sarzedas slope in São Paulo. In 1912, 92.6% of the Japanese were mainly engaged in coffee cultivation. The location was close to the city center and renting rooms or basements was the best the poor immigrants could afford. In the
728:
Japanese immigrants found it very difficult to adapt to Brazil. Language, eating habits, way of life and climate differences led to a strong culture shock. Most Japanese immigrants intended to get rich in Brazil and return to Japan after a few years. A considerable proportion never learned to speak
559:
In 1902, the Italian government banned subsidized emigration of Italians to Brazil. The coffee plantations faced a severe shortage of workers as the number of Italians decreased, which led the Brazilian government to accept the arrival of Japanese immigrants. In 1907, Brazil created the Immigration
541:
Despite the prejudice, interest in the workforce was very high and the arrival of a ship with Japanese immigrants began to be planned for 1897. However, due to a coffee overproduction crisis, international prices collapsed and the arrival of immigrants was discouraged. By 1901, international coffee
3022:
The data show that, among immigrants to Brazil, Italians and Spaniards were those who most quickly adopted Portuguese as a language, and Japanese and Germans were those who resisted the most. Linguistic assimilation varied considerably from one group or nationality to another according to identity
2225:
Until the 1970s, most of the melons consumed in Brazil were imported from Spain and Chile, but this changed in the 1980s, when imports were replaced by melons produced mainly by Japanese farmers in Brazilian territory, associated with the Agricultural Cooperative of Cotia, in the western region of
2037:
The city of São Paulo has the highest concentration of Japanese-Brazilians – 326,000 according to the 1988 census. The Liberdade neighborhood, in the center of the capital of São Paulo, was the Japanese quarter of the city, although today it only maintains the characteristic shops and restaurants,
1871:
Brazilians of Japanese descent have little visibility in the national media. The presence of Japanese descendants in commercials, soap operas and films is rare and characterized by stereotypes, since "the beauty standard imposed in Brazil is still for characters played by white actors". Artists of
744:
Another factor that made it easier to stay in Brazil was that immigration contracts were made with families. Single Japanese could not immigrate alone, as was allowed with other ethnic groups. The common pattern was the immigration of Japanese families with young children or newly married couples.
2408:
The principal crop that reduced dependence on coffee as Brazil's main export was cotton. Before 1933, cotton did not represent even 5% of Brazilian exports. However, in 1934, their share became 13% and in 1936 16%, and in that same year, 1936, Japanese farmers produced 46% of Brazilian cotton. In
2281:
Japanese immigrants also innovated in the fishing activities developed in Brazil with the introduction of new techniques and knowledge of navigation that increased production. One of them was the introduction of vessels built based on those used in Japan. An important change can be noticed in the
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One of the contributions of the Japanese colony in the Brazilian development is in the field of plastic arts, where the Japanese-Brazilian school was developed. Their constancy in participating in salons, exhibitions and events was decisive in attracting attention and maintaining contacts between
1761:
Due to the severe financial crisis faced by Japan, thousands of Brazilians have returned to Brazil in recent years. By 2014, the Brazilian community in the country had shrunk to 177,953 people. Brazilians in Japan form the fourth largest community of foreign workers residing in the country, after
1068:
The Japanese-Brazilian community was hit hard by restrictive measures when Brazil declared war on Japan in August 1942. In the same year, the percentage of Japanese-Brazilians engaged in coffee cultivation decreased compared to 1912, representing 24.3%, with an increase in those engaged in cotton
849:
Japanese immigration, however, increased during the 1930s. About 75% of Japanese immigrants went to São Paulo, a state that had a great need for workforce in the coffee plantations. As new job fronts became available, Japanese immigrants also went to work growing strawberries, tea and rice. Small
2994:
In the Japanese-Brazilian community, the use of the Japanese language is not only limited to the oral means of communication, but also in the written form in publications, such as newspapers, which were discontinued, along with the prohibition of speaking Japanese in public, in the period of the
2944:
According to a survey of Japanese and Brazilian descendants living in Japan, the degree of knowledge of the Japanese language changes significantly between generations. As expected, individuals born in Japan have a high or very high level of knowledge of Japanese. Among children of Japanese, the
2286:
plants. Another innovation was the assembly of apparatus to hang the nets, allowing the visualization of the shape as if at sea and enabling possible repairs and the adaptation of the mesh shape. The Japanese also introduced glass buoys for flotation and iron doors to open the net, technological
2076:
In relative terms, the municipalities of Assaí in Paraná and Bastos in São Paulo have the highest concentration of Japanese-Brazilians – respectively, 15% and 11.4% of their inhabitants. In 1934, while 10,828 Japanese lived in the city, 120,811 worked in the countryside. Despite the agricultural
1684:
After World War II, there was a large rural exodus that took most of the Japanese-Brazilian community from the countryside to the cities, in the metropolitan regions or interior, becoming mainly merchants, owning laundries, grocery stores, fairs, hairdressers, mechanical workshops, among others.
1088:
sent intervenors to take Banco América do Sul from the hands of the Japanese, leading to the dismissal of employees of Japanese origin who were replaced by Brazilian employees without any Japanese ancestry and most without banking experience; consequently, the bank entered into an administrative
679:
in its December 5, 1908 issue published a cartoon of Japanese immigrants with the following caption: "The São Paulo government is stubborn. After the failure of the first Japanese immigration, it hired 3,000 yellow people. It insists on endowing Brazil with a race diametrically opposed to ours".
3284:
The ethnic isolation of Japanese-Brazilians weakened from the 1970s onwards. The descendants of Japanese immigrants – most of whom are now the third or fourth generation in Brazil – have integrated definitively into Brazilian society. The great-grandchildren of Japanese, mostly young, are fully
3261:
After the war, there was a practice among the members of the colony of arranging marriages with people from Brazil and Japan, where photographs were sent to Japan in the hope of finding a person who would agree to travel to Brazil. In the late 1960s, many young women traveled to Brazil with the
3249:
It was necessary to show that the Japanese could also blend in with the rest of the Brazilian population and some of those in favor of Japanese immigration needed to prove that they could have children with Brazilians as "white" as those of Europeans. In the 1930s, cultural organizations funded
2602:
contributed to table tennis, since it was a sport very practiced in the colonies. Ricardo Inokuchi was the first Brazilian player to do an internship in Japan, which was possible thanks to the contacts that Brazilian players had with Japanese people linked to the sport in Japan. He has become a
2463:
Since 1924, with the greater intervention of the Japanese government in immigration, the Brazilian government, through the Japanese consulate, began to create support entities such as schools and hospitals. In 1938, there were 294 Japanese schools, 20 German schools and 8 Italian schools in São
748:
The first generation born in Brazil lived similarly to their immigrant parents. Considering returning, the immigrants educated their children in Japanese schools founded by the community. The predominance of the rural environment facilitated such isolation. About 90% of the children of Japanese
1997:
and estimated that, in 2000, there were 1,405,685 people of Japanese descent in Brazil. Japanese immigration has been concentrated in São Paulo and in 2000, 49.3% of Japanese and descendants lived in this state. There were 693,495 people of Japanese origin in São Paulo, followed by Paraná with
1876:
sellers. During television auditions for a role, there are reports of actors being forced into a "Japanese accent", even though the Japanese community is in its fourth and fifth generation in Brazil. It is difficult for an oriental actor to get a "normal" role that is not related to his ethnic
1103:
The fear of contact between immigrants and enemy submarines was exacerbated. On July 10, 1943, about 10,000 Japanese and German immigrants living in Santos were forced to close their homes and businesses and move away from the Brazilian coast within 24 hours. The police acted without any prior
1015:
in São Paulo showed that 87.7% of Japanese-Brazilians subscribed to Japanese-language newspapers, a very high rate considering that a large part of the Brazilian population was illiterate and lived in rural areas. Decree No. 383 of 1938 practically ended the dissemination of information in the
482:
The prejudice against Asian immigrants was very strong. All Asians were considered inferior races that would harm the "whitewashing" that was taking place in Brazil with the arrival of European immigrants. There was also the fear of the "yellow peril", in other words, that large populations of
443:
began negotiations in Tokyo to establish a Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the two countries. Mota was received by the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, Kagenori Ueno. Efforts were renewed in 1882 with Minister Plenipotentiary Eduardo Calado, who accompanied Mota in 1880.
1688:
In the urban environment, the Japanese began to work mainly in sectors related to agriculture as market traders or owners of small fruit, vegetable or fish stores. Working in greengrocers and market stalls was made easier by the contact that urban Japanese had with those who had stayed in the
3368:
in the legislative assembly of the Legislative Assembly of São Paulo, there was an increase in the Brazil-Japan interaction. Both countries began to receive delegations of deputies, diplomats, businessmen, governors, presidents and other authorities, to boost the relationship between the two
1799:
At the end of the 1970s, the Japanese-Brazilians had a different situation in terms of interaction compared to the times of the World War II, when they were viewed with suspicion by the population and the government. In these new times, the galleries systematically acquired the production of
3276:
According to a Datafolha survey published in 2008, the majority of Japanese descendants in the city of São Paulo still have romantic relationships with each other. 66% of the Japanese or descendants interviewed who have or had some kind of stable union, have or had partners belonging to the
1092:
Immigrants and descendants of Italians and Germans suffered different forms of discrimination, official or not, during the World War II, but the feeling was stronger against the Japanese-Brazilians. Anonymous reports of activities "against national security" arose from disagreements between
1010:
The broadcasting of radio programs in foreign languages was banned. Printed publications (newspapers, magazines, books) in foreign languages were also banned, unless they were bilingual; as this format was too expensive, newspapers and magazines ceased to circulate. In 1939, a survey by the
2132:
were established close to the main urban centers, ensuring self-sufficiency in vegetables, fruits and animal products such as eggs and chickens. The associative mentality, on the other hand, gave rise to large agricultural cooperatives that served as a model for various market organization
3107:
has maintained this language and customs in Brazil, many students of Okinawan leave Japan for Brazil to study it. Consequently, there has been a resumption in the dissemination of Okinawan culture in Japan. Currently, the language is considered an endangered cultural heritage according to
6159:
377:
In the countryside, farmers who did not have their land confiscated for non-payment of taxes were barely able to support their families. Landless peasants moved to the main cities, which became crowded, and job opportunities became increasingly rare, forming a mass of miserable workers.
3250:
publications with photos of Japanese men married to Brazilian women and their "white" children. The strategy paid off and even received the support of members of the Brazilian elite. In 1932, for example, Bruno Lobo, a professor of medicine in Rio de Janeiro, published a book entitled "
1044:
made it impossible to leave the country. In 1941, the government ordered the community's newspapers closed (at that time, the news the immigrants had was that Japan had an advantage in the war). Back then, citizens of German, Italian and Japanese origin were considered "subjects of the
3491:
adherents of this religion and in 2000, the number fell to just over 214,000 followers. According to 2000 data, non-oriental followers represented the majority of Brazilian Buddhists, more than 130 thousand, and Buddhists with oriental ancestry represented another 81 thousand people.
374:, the mechanization of agriculture left thousands of peasants unemployed, and thousands more had fallen into debt or lost their land because they could not pay the high taxes, which in the Meiji era were levied in cash, instead of being collected as part of agricultural production.
2270:, which only increased when mother birds were brought from Japan, combined with the experience of Japanese immigrants on farms. The city of Bastos, founded by Japanese settlers, has poultry farming as its main activity, along with the title of "egg capital". Its main event is the
2567:. Although baseball was already practiced before the arrival of Japanese immigrants, it was through them that the sport developed in Brazil. The presence of Japanese-Brazilians in judo is also noteworthy, as they won three Olympic bronze medals for Brazil, the first being won by
1989:
survey in 2000, there were 70 932 Japanese-born immigrants living in Brazil (compared to 158 087 in 1970). Of the Japanese, 51 445 lived in São Paulo. Most of the immigrants were over 60 years old, since immigration to Brazil practically ended in the middle of the 20th century.
2931:, the first immigrants to come directly from Japan hoped to return to their homeland after a few years working in Brazil. Consequently, most immigrants raised their children at home, where only Japanese was spoken, and after studying in Brazilian schools, the children attended
1998:
143,588. More recently, Brazilians of Japanese descent are making their presence felt in places that used to have a small population of this group. In 1960, there were 532 Japanese or descendants in Bahia, while in 2000, there were 78 449, or 0.6% of the state's population.
2464:
Paulo. After the World War II, the Japanese began to occupy an increasing number of places at the University of São Paulo; in 1960, 10% of students had Japanese origins. In the 1970s, the number of Japanese descendants entering public universities increased. According to
3329:
to hold that position. In 1955, he was the first Japanese-Brazilian to become a federal deputy, a position he held four times. Besides Tamura, there were also several representatives of the Japanese community who achieved the most diverse political positions. In 2010,
2352:
region due to its climate. The fiber was indispensable to international trade, as it was used in sacks of coffee and other goods to absorb moisture and preserve their contents, but few countries produced it on a large scale. In 1930, Uyetsuka bought 1,500 hectares in
491:
in 1896). There was the feeling that the Japanese immigrant was an "unassimilable desired" due to his customs and religion. At that time, the Chinese were considered superior to the Japanese, but this view changed after the Japanese victory in the Russo-Japanese War.
2382:, and founded Companhia Industrial Amazonense, a subsidiary in Brazil of Cia. Industrial da Amazônia, created in Japan. Jute farming reached its peak in the 1960s, with more than 50,000 farmers involved in its planting and represented more than a third of the GDP of
413:. The report produced by Sugimura, which described the receptivity of Brazilians, increased Japan's interest in Brazil. Influenced by this report and also by the lectures given by Secretary Kumaichi Horiguchi, Japanese decided to travel to Brazil individually.
3573:
also maintains a project for autistic children called Pro-Autistic Integration Project, a treatment center for people with mental disorders, the Yassuragui Home, in Guarulhos, and also several retirement homes in various locations in the state of São Paulo.
991:. It also declared the confiscation of immigrants' property. In the following decades after World War II, several decrees were issued determining conditions for the return of what was confiscated, but currently the assets and shares remain in the custody of
3285:
integrated in Brazil and 61% are mestizo or multiracial. Generally, the bonds with Japanese culture are minimal: most of them can speak little or nothing of the Japanese language, usually they know words of domestic use. This is due to the fact that 90% of
2274:(English: Egg Festival), a celebration with international repercussions and officially recognized by the government of the State of São Paulo, which is included in the calendar of agricultural events of the Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply and the
6551:
3620:, who has also published books. Tiba was a lecturer in several countries, performed tens of thousands of psychotherapeutic consultations, and also participated frequently in several programs on television and radio. Another recognized psychiatrist is
355:), with no wars, epidemics from outside or emigration. Using the agricultural techniques of the time, Japan produced only as much food as it consumed, without storing enough for hard times. Any shortfall in the agricultural harvest caused widespread
4833:
2440:, "the common sense is that Japanese descendants are studious, disciplined, do well in school, pass the entrance exam more easily and, in most cases, have great affinities with mathematical careers". According to a survey carried out by USP and
1639:. In the city of São Paulo alone, there were around 1,500 dyehouses and about two-thirds belonged to Japanese and their descendants in the late 1940s and early 1950s. After meetings among the community, the decision was made to elect the first
660:
coffee plantations of western São Paulo. At that time, before embarking, everyone was forced to go through a process in which they took medical exams and had basic Portuguese lessons. Under normal conditions, the journey would take two months.
515:
on the possibility of Asians entering the country. The position defended by Ubaldino was widely publicized in the political space, since he had great prestige and even became vice-president of the House. However, on October 5, 1892, President
6167:
381:
The emigration policy implemented by the Japanese government was mainly intended to relieve social tensions due to the scarcity of cultivable land and indebtedness of rural workers, allowing for the implementation of modernization projects.
1338:
was also vehemently opposed, speaking that the amendment would "undermine our work" and proposed that, if passed, it be moved to the transitional provisions. In the final vote, there was a tie with 99 votes against and 99 in favor. Senator
459:
in 1846, was considered very distant physically and politically from Brazil. The signing of this treaty represented the beginning of a relationship that has persisted to the present day, with the exception of the years of the World War II.
3624:, who has written several best-selling books on career, happiness and success. In addition, Shinyashiki lectures both in Brazil and abroad, is an organizational consultant and has taught specialization courses in the US, Europe and Japan.
479:. The same decree did not restrict, and even encouraged, the immigration of Europeans. It was only in 1892 that Law No. 97 was approved, allowing Chinese and Japanese immigrants to enter Brazil, and Decree No. 528 of 1890 lost its effect.
7491:
1024:
Their despicable standard of living represents brutal competition with the country's workers; their selfishness, their bad faith, their refractory character, make them a huge ethnic and cultural cyst located in the richest of Brazil's
952:
who had already entered in large numbers and whose migratory flow was descendant. However, the quota system, which was to remain in force until the 1980s, restricted the immigration of Japanese and, in the future, Koreans and Chinese.
578:, representing the São Paulo government, was signed on November 6, 1907. The document stipulated that 3,000 Japanese immigrants would be brought in annual batches of 1,000 people to work as farmers. On November 23, 1907, the newspaper
835:(in Tokyo), an institution where they were prepared for about a year to come to Brazil, stood out from 1930 onwards. They were a different group who came with the intention of settling permanently, working and carrying out research.
2688:, Brazilian champion in the women's absolute category in 2012, and vice-champion in 2009, 2013 and 2014, stands out. Fier and Juliana also represented Brazil in Chess Olympiads. Another member of the Japanese colony in Brazil is
632:
epidemics and attacks by ants on the plantations. However, the main problem was the fact that it was a heterogeneous group of people – lawyers, teachers, civil servants – without farmers with experience in cultivating the land.
7683:
3549:
at the inauguration. The cost of the hospital was divided between funds sent by the Japanese government and funds raised in Brazil through contributions from members of the Japanese community, donations from legal entities and
1647:. Since Japanese could not vote, the campaign was carried out with the customers of the dyeing shops, and Tamura was elected state deputy in 1950. After Tamura, other Japanese-Brazilians had their stints in politics; the first
2021:(with only 8 Japanese). The percentage of Brazilians with Japanese ancestry increased largely among children and adolescents. In 1991, 0.6% of Brazilians aged 0–14 had it. By 2000, they were 4%, as a result of the return of
2393:, the improvement of the product was achieved with the Japanese immigrants, as they were responsible for producing the best silk thread in the world; their products gained names that pay homage to Japanese culture, such as
8734:
5634:
1906:, oriental actors who tested for the roles were dismissed and the broadcaster cast white artists to play characters of Japanese origin. Members of the Japanese community accuse the broadcaster of racism and of fostering "
1019:
From then on, the entry of Japanese immigrants became increasingly difficult. The Minister of Justice Francisco Campos, in 1941, defended the prohibition of the arrival of 400 Japanese immigrants in São Paulo by writing:
858:. By the 1930s, Brazil hosted the largest population of Japanese outside Japan. Many Japanese immigrants continued to arrive in this period, most of them attracted by their successful relatives who had already emigrated.
5576:
2149:
far from the city. The Japanese chose to produce vegetables in the area because the local climate is mild and is conducive to this culture. Mogi das Cruzes has established itself as the main center of the belt, and the
888:
404:
In April 1905, Minister Fukashi Sugimura arrived in Brazil and visited several locations, being well received by both the local authorities and the people; part of this treatment is due to the Japanese victory in the
663:
5568:
3529:
7080:
5534:
2033:
population was engaged in agriculture, by 1988 this figure had fallen to only 12%. Meanwhile, the percentage of technical (16%) and administrative (28%) workers in the secondary and tertiary sectors increased.
2313:
region, and on the production of raw materials, with a focus on mineral exploitation. The presence of the Japanese community is also pointed out as a reason for the attraction of Japanese companies in Brazil.
6559:
397:. Large colonies of Japanese descendants were formed only in Brazil, the United States and Peru, and almost all the immigrants who formed large colonies in Korea and Taiwan returned to Japan after the end of
8486:
6125:
3592:
Currently, in Brazil there are approximately 14,000 Japanese descendants working as doctors, and several doctors of Japanese descent have excelled in Brazilian medicine, such as the cardiovascular surgeon
8980:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Econômica do Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Doutor em História
2113:. As a consequence, the states that received the immigrants had an increase in income and GDP. By offering new foods that were not part of the national diet, they changed the eating habits of Brazilians.
1800:
abstracts, and after the first Biennials, opportunities were opened to disseminate their productions and conquer the critics. There were collectors interested in these artists, both in Brazil and abroad.
1793:
864:
4335:
3269:
A census conducted in the late 1950s of some 400,000 members of the colony revealed that marriages between Japanese and non-Japanese accounted for less than 2% among immigrants and less than 6% among
7664:
1720:
From the end of the 1980s, there was a reversal of the migratory flow between Brazil and Japan, because, with the reflexes of the economic crisis of the 1980s, in addition to the consequences of the
6236:
3511:
situation. An example of this mobilization was the creation of the Santa Cruz Hospital in São Paulo, inaugurated in 1939 with five floors, a basement, and almost 10,000 square meters of built area.
1296:
attacks in the city, took to the streets and invaded houses willing to mistreat the Japanese. The lynching of the Japanese was only fully controlled with the intervention of an army detachment from
4899:
4585:
3349:
7499:
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personally. People who had married in this way were even sent to Japan to give their testimonies through lectures and to seek out young women who were interested in marrying and living in Brazil.
2282:
fishing nets, since at the time, Brazilian nets were made of cotton, which deteriorated quickly. To increase their resistance, the immigrants bathed them in water in which they boiled the bark of
2307:
systems that revolutionized the productivity of many Brazilian factories. From the 1970s onwards, Japanese capital concentrated on expanding the country's agricultural frontier by exploiting the
1168:), Japanese internees were separated from their children, performed heavy farm work, being ridiculed and humiliated. Students who contributed to the war effort were "rewarded" with visits to the
5034:
2251:, also called "black diamond", where Pará stands out as the main producer of the fruit. The growth of açaí exports was so great that it drew the attention of major newspapers such as the French
617:
385:
From the 1880s, Japan encouraged the emigration of its inhabitants through contracts with other governments. Before Brazil, Japanese had already emigrated to the United States (mainly Hawaii),
2278:. Currently, Bastos is the largest egg producer in Brazil and Latin America, producing 14 million eggs per day, which corresponds to 40% of all production in the state and 20% in the country.
827:, the flow of Japanese immigrants to Brazil increased enormously. Between 1917 and 1940, 164,000 Japanese arrived in Brazil, most of them in the 1920s–1930s. The presence of immigrants called
7578:
7138:
1643:
representative to the Legislative Assembly to defend the rights of Japanese and Japanese-Brazilians, and they chose Yukishige Tamura, who had already been elected councilman in 1947 in the
6432:
2193:. The Vargem Bonita region alone is responsible for 40% of the market supply in the Federal District and of the 67 farms there, 43 still belong to Japanese settlers and their descendants.
8759:
3310:. Persecuted and divided, the community realized that it should change its image both for Brazilian society and within the colony itself, and one of the ways chosen was through politics.
1920:, a white actor played a South Korean and had to use adhesive tape to change the shape of his eyes. The choice of white actors to play Japanese characters caused outrage on social media.
684:
675:
The reception was not particularly warm. Only one journalist praised the immigrants by saying that they were "clean", something not very common among Europeans at that time. The magazine
594:
that sank off the Japanese coast in 1803, who were rescued by a Russian warship that took them on their journey. On the return trip, the ship docked for repairs in the Desterro Port, now
5898:
2215:
1236:
900:
5664:
965:, president of the Brazilian Rural Society, spoke of defending the Brazilian "race" from undesirable immigrants, but did not place the Japanese in this category. In a speech, he said:
463:
Before, the Brazilian immigration policy was executed not only as a means to colonize, but also to "civilize" and "whitewash" the country with European population. The immigration of
432:
Due to the expansion of coffee plantations, which was the major driver of the Brazilian economy from the second half of the 19th century until the 1920s, there was a demand for cheap
8307:
575:
8253:
6698:
2299:
also excelled in ocean fishing in partnership with Japanese companies that began operating in Brazil. Under the influence of the Japanese, a species not known until then was called
6939:
6644:
1069:
cultivation, representing 39.2% of the total number of Japanese-Brazilians and an increase in so-called suburban crops, such as vegetables, fruits and poultry, representing 19.9%.
8738:
7051:
5642:
1116:
No suspicion of activities by Japanese-Brazilians against "national security" was ever confirmed. Despite this, in 1942, the Japanese colony that introduced pepper cultivation in
3541:. The institution maintains the Nipo-Brasileiro Hospital, which was founded in 1988 in commemoration of the 80th anniversary of Japanese immigration, with the presence of Prince
8224:
8058:
3458:, Japanese Catholics who lived underground when Catholicism became illegal in Japan. According to Rafael Shoji of the Institute for Religion and Culture at Nanzan University in
996:
6058:
2174:
937:
1872:
Oriental origin complain that they only get cartoonish and stereotypical Japanese roles, such as market vendors, pastry chefs, tech enthusiasts, martial arts practitioners or
962:
5598:
7088:
2642:
598:, on December 20, and remained there until February 4, 1804. There, the four Japanese recorded the life of the local population and the agricultural production of the time.
7549:
753:
1920s, Conde de Sarzedas Street was already known as the preferred place of residence for Japanese who were leaving the countryside. As the community grew, the surrounding
2009:
Throughout Brazil, there are more than 1.4 million people of Japanese origin, with the highest percentages found in the states of São Paulo (1.9%), Paraná (1.5%) and
8170:
7520:
2995:
World War II. Since the beginning of immigration, different literary manifestations have been developed in the community in the form of short stories, novels, and poems.
2206:
Since Brazil is a tropical country, Brazilian technicians and agronomists did not believe that it was possible to produce apples in the country, importing the fruit from
1057:
often the places were broken and set on fire. Participants in these actions shouted "death to the fifth column", a pejorative term used by the population to refer to the
6728:
6029:
3938:
3103:
and culture, which was suppressed for many years in Japan and, with the constant use of Japanese in everyday life, it went into decline. As the immigrant community from
876:
5542:
2125:
9115:
6493:
2665:
2303:, which later became known as "meca", originated the official dish of the city of Santos. Nowadays, many big businessmen in the fishing sector have Japanese ancestry.
2291:
especially the Cooperativa Mista de Pesca Nipo Brasileira and the Cooperativa de Pesca Atlântica de Santos, both founded in the 50s. Much of the fish was sent to the
9476:
1049:". From 1942, the government of Getúlio Vargas officially supported the United States in the war, making these inhabitants seen as "enemies" in Brazilian territory.
7904:
1077:
958:
499:
became one of the most prominent figures on the national political scene regarding his position against the entry of Asians into Brazil. This opinion was shared by
7739:
6821:
6580:
6133:
3969:
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countries. With the help of Japanese-Brazilian politicians, many Japanese investments in Brazil could be realized, resulting in the creation of companies, such as
2097:
and development of several types of fruits and vegetables previously unknown in Brazil is remarkable; in total, they brought more than 50 types of food, including
1335:
691:
Japanese immigration does not seem to have produced the expected results. The first 781 immigrants, introduced under the contract of November 6, 1907, entered the
449:
8494:
5449:
3381:
2638:
1652:
6293:
2002:(excluding Pará) saw its Japanese population increase from 2,341 in 1960 (0.2% of the total population) to 54,161 (0.8%) in 2000. During the same period, in the
3321:
entered as candidates, and the lawyer Yukishigue Tamura became an alternate, but after the cassation of communist candidates, he got a seat, becoming the first
472:
6609:
4450:
3120:
Compared to the European immigrant groups, the miscegenation of the Japanese-Brazilians took more time to happen. Marriage with people of non-Japanese origin (
2956:, both in the interior of São Paulo, showed that the use of the Japanese language is being lost over the generations. The first generation born in Brazil, the
2622:
2245:, the Japanese did not give up on black pepper and fought the disease, but this opened the opportunity for them to start growing other tropical crops, such as
8278:
6757:
2157:
producers own 50% of the rural properties in this region. Currently, this Green Belt supplies the entire Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.
3621:
1907:
1734:
In 2008, there were about 300,000 Brazilians living in Japan legally, most of them working as laborers in industry. The cities with the most Brazilians are:
8543:
7806:
6881:
6244:
3306:
Japanese immigration through a constitutional amendment that failed by one vote and the Japanese-Brazilian community was divided over the events involving
2689:
1307:
1160:
496:
8199:
7773:
4593:
2173:
invited the first families to the region. According to the Federation of Nipo-Brazilian Associations of the Central-West, the main colonies are in Incra,
8643:
7586:
7146:
5088:
3648:
1914:", when actors are cast to play roles of an ethnic group to which they do not belong. This practice is nothing new at Rede Globo: in the 2014 soap opera
1288:
After the murder of the truck driver Pascoal de Oliveira by the Japanese truck driver Kababe Massame, after an argument, in July 1946, the population of
1212:
8027:
7167:
5737:
4556:
4400:
2128:, he summarizes the cooperative movement of the Japanese immigrants: "Thanks to their production methods, especially in the fruit and vegetable sector,
8515:
7875:
6911:
6323:
5712:
5042:
763:
5508:
3486:
Buddhism arrived in Brazil with the first Japanese immigrants, at a time when there was a movement against the arrival of non-Christian religious and
2964:
informants from Aliança and 41.5% of those from Fukuhaku said they spoke Japanese as children. In comparison, only 14.3% of the third generation, the
1089:
crisis. The situation only normalized years after the war, with the purchase of the bank by its former owners, once the institution was nationalized.
8709:
8332:
5358:
4925:
3820:
3598:
2203:, silk, peaches and strawberries; 99% of mint and tea; 80% of potatoes and vegetables; 70% of eggs; 50% of bananas; 40% of cotton and 20% of coffee.
1331:
6000:
5792:
5424:
799:
500:
6993:
6440:
2753:
2334:
538:
in Brazil, were the great ideologues of the "whitewashing" of the country. Oliveira Viana considered that "the Japanese like sulphur: insoluble".
5821:
4518:
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in 1972, which aimed to offer social, moral and material assistance to immigrants who, in some way, present vulnerability and social risk. In the
6852:
3594:
3393:
3385:
2038:
with increasing influence of Chinese and Korean communities. The São Paulo municipalities with the largest population of Japanese-Brazilians are
1986:
1073:
driving motor vehicles, even if they were cabs, buses or trucks owned by them. Drivers hired by Japanese-Brazilians had to have a police permit.
987:
in 1937 sought to emphasize Brazilian nationalism by repressing the culture of immigrants who formed closed communities such as the Japanese and
775:
609:
8767:
8688:
7109:
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4701:
XI Congresso Internacional de Estudos Japoneses no Brasil – XXIV Encontro de Professores Universitários de Língua, Literatura e Cultura Japonesa
9108:
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1177:
7059:
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2447:
Schools also played an active role in the history of the Japanese community in Brazil because, while Western communities, such as Germans and
2116:
In addition to the new technologies in agriculture developed by Japanese immigrants, another characteristic of Japanese-Brazilian farmers was
8842:
5010:
3331:
1181:
933:
8644:"Cerimônia de Entrega Oficial de Doação "Projeto de Aquisição de Mamógrafo para o Ambulatório Médico da Entidade Filantrópica de São Paulo""
8232:
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5672:
235:
officially began in 1908. Currently, Brazil is home to the largest population of Japanese origin outside Japan, with about 1.5 million
9433:
8311:
5268:
4119:
3413:
2933:
1259:
neighborhood, Rua dos Aflitos. Liberdade today is a multiethnic neighborhood that houses Japanese, Chinese, Korean and Taiwanese immigrants
262:. Consequently, June 18 was established as the national day of Japanese immigration. In 1973, the flow stopped almost completely after the
8257:
6706:
5866:
3436:
and Shintoists. In the Japanese colonies, there was the presence of Brazilian and Japanese priests to evangelize the immigrants. In 1923,
2975:
that disappeared in Japan, mainly due to the influence of the English language. For example, in the Japanese of Brazil, the archaic term "
2468:
data from 1995, 53% of Japanese-Brazilians of adult age had a university degree, while 9% of the rest of the Brazilian population had it.
9093:
6943:
6648:
3909:
3357:
1007:, which were the schools where the children of immigrants learned not only to read and write in Japanese, but to be and act as Japanese.
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immigrants spoke only Japanese at home, and many Brazilians of Japanese origin in rural areas still have difficulty speaking Portuguese.
439:
The first official visit to pursue a diplomatic trade agreement with Japan took place in 1880. On November 16 of that year, Vice Admiral
7462:
6786:
5478:
5203:
1076:
The assets of Japanese companies were confiscated and several Japanese-Brazilian companies were intervened, including the newly founded
345:
At the beginning of the 20th century, Japan was overpopulated. The country had been isolated from the world during the 265 years of the
9441:
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7225:
6822:"Sociedade Brasileira de Cultura Japonesa e de Assistência Social (BUNKYO): sua importância e relação com a comunidade nipo-brasileira"
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and Colonization Law, which regularized the entry of all immigrants and definitively ended the restrictions of Decree No. 528 of 1890.
4750:
3476:
2629:. He got inspired to practice more after a group of Japanese swimmers, known as the "Flying Fish", which included world record holder
1731:(出稼ぎ), although the word in Japan includes all migrant workers, even Japanese from rural areas who go to work in large urban centers.
1264:
prepare their children to succeed in Brazilian society. To this end, many Japanese-Brazilians moved from the countryside to the city.
389:
and Mexico. The early 20th century also experienced large flows of Japanese emigration to colonize the newly conquered territories of
9101:
7709:
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5609:
5382:
2166:
1694:
1200:
440:
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249:) is a Brazilian citizen with Japanese ancestry. People born in Japan and living in Brazil are also considered Japanese-Brazilians.
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9456:
9446:
8408:
9599:
6522:
6501:
3669:"O Brigadeiro Saito passa a ser o primeiro nikkei (descendente de japoneses) a ocupar o mais alto posto da Força Aérea Brasileira"
3561:
maintains other institutions that support the general population, such as the São Miguel Arcanjo Hospital, located in the city of
2991:, which means "language of the colony", and is commonly characterized by the Japanese as "an old Japanese mixed with Portuguese".
9835:
9504:
8383:
8130:
7607:
7557:
5232:
2410:
2053:. In Paraná, most Japanese-Brazilians live in the capital Curitiba, in populous municipalities in the north of the state such as
787:
6581:"Amazônia: pesquisa resgata a história da imigração japonesa e sua contribuição no cultivo de juta e pimenta-do-reino na região"
1881:
says that, since she has Japanese origins, her characters "were always stereotypical, funny" and that she "always appeared in a
1224:
1151:
was mocked. At the time, Emperor Hirohito was not only head of state, but also the central figure of Japan's official religion,
838:
The increase in immigration to Brazil was stimulated when the United States banned the entry of Japanese immigrants through the
9626:
9524:
9451:
8813:
8178:
5927:
3874:
2085:
Japanese immigrants improved the farming and fishing skills of Brazilians and helped spread food production techniques through
278:
7962:
7751:
6736:
6588:
6407:
6037:
3946:
3392:. Many Japanese descendants have distinguished themselves in Brazilian medicine, one of them being the cardiovascular surgeon
3325:
to become a councilor in the state of São Paulo. In 1951, Tamura was elected to the state legislature, and was also the first
10104:
9861:
9514:
9461:
8682:
5906:
281:, in a total of 46,801,772 Brazilians' names analyzed, 315,925 or 0.7% of them had the only or last name of Japanese origin.
8098:
7933:
4245:
2595:
in which Brazil has participated. After the 2012 Summer Olympics, judo became the sport that earned Brazil the most medals.
2515:
unit. After contacting the Japanese institute, he obtained authorization to bring the method to the country. In Brazil, the
2133:
initiatives". Another fundamental contribution that Japanese farmers brought to the country was the innovative technique of
1803:
The Liberdade neighborhood in the city of São Paulo represents an example of Japanese influence in Brazil, with several red
1084:, as it was where most immigrants invested the money from crops and commerce in the cities. However, during the war period,
9509:
9088:
8354:
7842:
3753:
553:
9678:
7196:
3255:
1256:
10089:
9519:
8461:
7991:
7912:
7807:"O Talian entre o Italiano-padrão e o português brasileiro: manutenção e substituicao linguística no alto Uruguai gaúcho"
5303:
4870:
4063:
2692:, who has played for Brazil at the Chess Olympics three times and is considered one of the most respected chess players.
1281:
and the anti-Japanese sentiment of the time caused several violent conflicts between Brazilians and Japanese-Brazilians.
1012:
8436:
6832:
6461:
3977:
3297:
2672:
became champion, and in 2001 and 2003 he was also vice-champion of Brazilian chess, besides representing the country in
944:
maximum of 2% of the total number of entrants of each nationality that had been received in the last 50 years. Only the
10094:
9621:
8547:
7404:
7375:
3562:
2960:, reported alternating between the use of Portuguese and Japanese. Regarding the use of Japanese at home, 64.3% of the
9609:
7283:
6669:
6301:
1040:
The second generation of Japanese in Brazil definitely gave up on returning to Japan, especially when the outbreak of
9647:
8959:
8931:
8203:
4672:"PRONUNCIAMENTO DO DEPUTADO CUNHA BUENO (PPB-SP), FEITO EM 18 DE JUNHO DE 2002, SOBRE A IMIGRAÇÃO JAPONESA AO BRASIL"
4006:
3405:
2731:. Another Japanese-Brazilian pioneer in soccer was Alexandre Carvalho Kaneko, better known as Kaneko, who played for
2344:
Besides ramie, another important crop for fiber production that had the Japanese as introducers and main growers was
7022:
6620:
4629:
2527:
2150:
1644:
924:
that proposed the need to "whitewashing" the Brazilian population. The great defender of these ideas was the doctor
452:
and the Japanese plenipotentiary Minister Sone Arasuke, allowing the introduction of Japanese immigrants in Brazil.
306:. Japanese-Brazilians who moved to Japan in search of work and settled there from the late 1980s onwards are called
201:
São Paulo, Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. Distributed throughout the national territory through internal migrations.
8618:
8286:
6765:
6189:
2275:
2121:
1660:
8519:
7684:"As línguas japonesa e portuguesa em duas comunidades nipo-brasileiras: a relação entre os domínios e as gerações"
4092:
9325:
5771:"A língua falada nas comunidades rurais nipo-brasileiras do estado de São Paulo – considerações sobre koronia-go"
4564:
3542:
2762:
2716:
2266:
In addition to the food brought by Japanese immigrants to Brazil, there is also the great expansion of Brazilian
1303:
Besides preferring the European immigrant, some Brazilian politicians proposed extremely anti-Japanese measures.
475:
determined that the entry of immigrants from Africa and Asia would be allowed only with the authorization of the
7317:
6889:
3705:
170:
10022:
9754:
9594:
9303:
8895:
8568:
2971:
The Japanese spoken in Brazil is different from that used in Japan. In Brazil, the language has preserved some
2491:
1656:
8654:
7817:
5096:
2482:
in Brazil was Professor Fukutaro Kato who, in 1958, published the first book of its kind in Brazil, entitled "
552:, was consulted and expressed his opposition to the project of receiving Japanese immigrants. He wrote to the
9731:
9320:
8034:
7175:
4671:
4411:
3597:
who was Minister of Health in the Sarney government. There was also the contribution of the medical inventor
2700:
2625:. Okamoto also broke Brazilian and South American records, and won two gold medals and a silver medal at the
948:
were excluded from this law. These measures did not affect the immigration of Europeans such as Italians and
7781:
6922:
6860:
6327:
5716:
5142:
2441:
2210:, until the Japanese agronomist Kenshi Ushirozawa demonstrated that it was conceivable to produce apples in
120:
9652:
9160:
9131:
8952:
O caminho que o dekassegui sonhou (dekassegui no yumê-ji) - cultura e subjetividade no movimento dekassegui
5457:
5064:
3389:
2704:
2661:
2190:
2186:
1698:
716:
508:
9123:
8713:
8340:
7168:"Conheça os maiores medalhistas brasileiros nos Jogos Pan-Americanos – Rede record – R7 Pan Toronto 2015»"
5745:
3606:
3479:, becoming the first Japanese-Brazilian to reach the rank of bishop within the Catholic Church in Brazil.
651:
is considered the first ship to arrive in Brazil with Japanese immigrants. The 52-day voyage began in the
6008:
5800:
5333:
3668:
3397:
3345:
2077:
origin of most Japanese immigrants, today about 90% of the Japanese-Brazilian community lives in cities.
2003:
1633:
services; one of the results of this would be the reduction of the value of washing a suit from 25 to 16
1348:
894:
Japanese immigrants waiting for accommodation at the Hospedaria dos Imigrantes in São Paulo (circa 1935).
721:
476:
9379:
8593:
7001:
5512:
1158:
Degrading reports about the Japanese were common in the Brazilian press during the World War II. At the
10047:
7262:
4191:
3441:
2383:
920:
The National Constituent Assembly of 1933 was the site of discussions of "scientific theses" of racial
815:
302:
9912:
2998:
After the World War II, descendants continued their studies in Brazilian schools with the presence of
2519:
method has about 100 thousand students and is one of the main brands of Japan in Brazilian education.
1690:
1289:
1194:
conducted a large-scale racist campaign against them – under the pretext of accusations of sabotage".
846:
it will be allowed, annually, in a number corresponding to 5% of the individuals existing in Brazil".
737:
the farms for five years, but poor conditions led to many of them leaving the farms in the same year.
542:
prices had recovered and the Brazilian government considered receiving Japanese immigrants again. The
10099:
6386:
4023:
3917:
3565:, founded in 2013. Other examples are the Guarulhos Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Clinic, located in
2494:
in 2002 as a facilitating tool in the process of inclusion of visually impaired students in schools.
1319:
929:
754:
683:
In the first group of immigrants in 1908, few were farmers, as reported by São Paulo State President
484:
7639:
7441:
6104:
4127:
2507:
method. In 1977, the first teaching unit with this methodology was inaugurated in South America, in
333:
9974:
9631:
9499:
6794:
6356:
3853:
2543:
The Japanese-Brazilians were responsible for the introduction and dissemination of sports such as:
2238:
621:
601:
When Law No. 97 became effective, in 1894, Japan sent Deputy Tadashi Nemoto to visit the states of
269:
Currently, there are approximately one million Japanese-Brazilians, mostly living in the states of
266:
immigration ship arrived; at that time, there were almost 200,000 Japanese settled in the country.
8850:
3796:
2591:. In judo, there has always been at least one Japanese-Brazilian medalist in every edition of the
444:
However, the treaty would only be signed three years later, on November 5, 1895, by the Brazilian
259:
9876:
9704:
9662:
9423:
6972:
5177:
4336:"Os filhos do império celeste: a imigração chinesa e sua incorporação à nacionalidade brasileira"
2626:
1713:
839:
549:
531:
512:
9362:
9052:
Ayumi (caminhos percorridos): memorial da imigração japonesa : Curitiba e litoral do Paraná
5276:
4519:"A imigração Japonesa no contexto das relações de trabalho em São Paulo no começo do século XX1"
2326:
plantations in Brazil since 1884, the largest production of this crop took place in the city of
1314:" (English: For the future of the homeland – Let's avoid the "Japanization" of Brazil). Senator
870:
One of the last large arrivals of Japanese immigrants at the Port of Santos (year 1937 or 1938).
544:
10002:
9726:
8874:
8086:
7117:
5874:
3424:
2211:
504:
325:
9866:
6266:
4303:
3585:, the Amazônia de Quatro-Bocas Hospital in Tomé-Açu, and the Social Rehabilitation Center, in
2699:
in soccer is marked by innovations and appearances in great teams, as well as call-ups in the
1315:
158:
10017:
10012:
9917:
9871:
9714:
9534:
7470:
6324:"A CULTURA JAPONESA E A FESTA DO OVO COMO ATRATIVO TURÍSTICO PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE BASTOS – SP"
5486:
5211:
3029:
Foreigners and naturalized Brazilians who preferably spoke the native language (1940 census)
535:
8134:
7615:
7354:
7233:
3605:
respirator in 1955. In 2005, he received the Finep Inventor Innovator Trophy from President
3472:
2348:. The pioneer of this project was the deputy Tsukasa Uyetsuka, who saw the potential of the
940:, from Ceará. Together, they called for an end to the immigration of "aboriginal Japanese".
9892:
9845:
9809:
9529:
9484:
9413:
9408:
9400:
9165:
4758:
3452:
process was opened in 2002. Monsignor Domingos Nakamura was part of the descendants of the
3401:
2787:
players born in Brazil, but who were called up to the Japan National Football Team such as
2772:
2685:
2630:
2618:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2214:
with superior quality to the imported ones. Based on the experience of Santa Catarina, the
2162:
1999:
1297:
564:
425:
7843:"Os descendentes que preservaram no Brasil uma língua que quase não se fala mais no Japão"
7717:
5979:
5935:
4315:
4169:
3616:
psychiatrists who have become prominent in the area in which they work in Brazil, such as
2292:
1347:
rejecting the amendment. By just one vote, Japanese immigration was not prohibited by the
705:
270:
8:
9953:
9922:
9897:
9794:
9736:
9709:
9694:
9604:
9489:
9386:
9357:
8989:
Negociando a Identidade Nacional: Imigrantes, Minorias e a Luta pela Etnicidade no Brasil
8792:
6212:
3633:
2796:
1747:
730:
608:
A significant group willing to establish a colony arrived in Brazil only in 1907. Led by
456:
242:
8971:
Antes do Kasato Maru... Centenário da Colônia Agrícola Japonesa da Fazenda Santo Antônio
8419:
3586:
3499:
3384:
in 1969, who was Ministry of Trade and Industry in the Médici government. In the 1970s,
2941:
or descendants said they could read Japanese and 43% said they could write in Japanese.
2511:, after a visit to Japan by a Brazilian of Japanese descent, who was impressed to see a
1135:". A Japanese-Brazilian felt much more offended when Emperor Hirohito was mocked than a
421:
10029:
9949:
9943:
9927:
9907:
9840:
9589:
9494:
9391:
7941:
6530:
5240:
4499:
3104:
2800:
2592:
2259:
2010:
1751:
1635:
1144:
1113:, the Japanese had to have a pass granted at the discretion of the police authorities.
1061:. In rural areas, looting and destruction occurred and animals were frequently killed.
468:
406:
351:
8924:
Matizes do "amarelo". A gênese dos discursos sobre os orientais no Brasil (1878–1908)"
8884:
Silva, Fernando Teixeira; Naxara, Márcia Regina Capelari; Camilotti, Virginia (2003).
8387:
4985:
3289:
live in urban areas and tend to assimilate Brazilian customs more than Japanese ones.
3133:
For a long time, marriages among immigrants occurred through a Japanese custom called
2049:
Other important centers of Japanese-Brazilian presence are Paraná, Rio de Janeiro and
1016:
Japanese community, since much of it did not even understand the Portuguese language.
9964:
9814:
9804:
9719:
9616:
9418:
8955:
8927:
8901:
8891:
8678:
7204:
4696:
4002:
3882:
3468:
3454:
3100:
2767:
2669:
2390:
2349:
2134:
1994:
1136:
945:
590:
The first Japanese to land on Brazilian territory were four crew members of the ship
467:
was practically prohibited in 1890. In that year, Decree No. 528 signed by President
428:(center), responsible for organizing the first trip of Japanese immigrants to Brazil.
236:
8821:
4841:
4732:
4715:
2234:
1668:
984:
274:
10034:
9969:
9959:
9902:
9819:
9799:
9769:
9563:
9548:
9218:
9183:
7970:
6411:
5118:
4727:
4491:
4451:"Exposição resgata a história de Ryo Mizuno, o pai da imigração japonesa no Brasil"
4311:
3638:
3581:
is an institution created in 1965 that maintains the Amazônia Hospital, located in
3483:
Buddhism and Shintoism, in the name of greater integration into Brazilian society.
2792:
2788:
2653:, Mariana Katsuno, Raquel Takaya, Cristiane Oda Nakama, Celina Endo, among others.
2422:
2371:
1896:
1755:
1739:
1165:
1148:
1110:
517:
2712:
1327:
1292:, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, which was already upset with the two
595:
10007:
9699:
9272:
9257:
8440:
8106:
7850:
4256:
2634:
2341:, ramie production declined and farmers in the region sought to diversify crops.
2338:
2267:
2218:
organized and implemented a settlement of rural producers in the municipality of
2170:
2106:
2094:
2039:
1743:
1709:
1306:
During the 1946 National Constituent Assembly, an amendment No. 3165 proposed by
1085:
992:
671:, which brought the first Japanese immigrants to Brazil, 1908. National Archives.
445:
9083:
8362:
8308:"A umbanda no Japão e a busca pela ressignificação da vida dos nipo-brasileiros"
3761:
2949:
2758:
2604:
9204:
7081:"Vela e judô prometem disputa por topo no quadro de medalhas do Brasil em 2016"
6677:
4878:
4246:"O centenário do Tratado de Amizade, Comércio e Navegação entre Brasil e Japão"
3373:, and the implementation of industries of the most diverse segments in Brazil.
2673:
2650:
2614:
2584:
2436:
2379:
2370:
viable in that region. In 1935, Uyetsuka obtained funds from companies such as
2247:
1916:
1890:
Artists, activists and entities of the Japanese community especially criticize
1273:, a terrorist organization formed by Japanese-Brazilians, emerged and murdered
999:
admit the existence of this wealth, but do not officially comment on the fact.
882:
Train carrying Japanese immigrants from Santos to the city of São Paulo (1935).
656:
523:
410:
8622:
8465:
7999:
5665:"Escolha de Luís Melo para viver japonês em novela causa indignação nas redes"
5311:
4071:
3546:
2576:
2226:
the State of São Paulo. Today, Brazil is a major melon producer and exporter.
2219:
10083:
10061:
9004:
8735:"Bazar beneficente arrecada donativos para casa de repouso que atende idosos"
8087:
Legislative Assembly of São Paulo & Historical Collection Division (1988)
6469:
5409:
3782:
3643:
3589:, which is a retirement home that serves more than a hundred elderly people.
3449:
3409:
2681:
2448:
2230:
2196:
2090:
1808:
1269:
1252:
1127:
Popular irreverence was encouraged with Carnival marches that mocked Emperor
1117:
9043:
A imigração japonesa no Amazonas à luz da Teoria das Relações Internacionais
8905:
7412:
7383:
6190:"Colonização japonesa em Santa Catarina: metamorfoses na imigração tutelada"
5713:"Nipo-brasileiros estão mais presentes no Norte e no Centro-Oeste do Brasil"
3999:
Resistência & integração : 100 anos de imigração japonesa no Brasil
3617:
2229:
In the agricultural area, the introduction of black pepper in the region of
1052:
The 1940s was the worst decade for the Japanese-Brazilian community, as the
1003:
to communicate. In the same year, the government ordered the closure of the
10073:
9368:
8279:"Júlio Akamine é nomeado primeiro bispo com ascendência japonesa do Brasil"
7492:"Corinthians vira tema de reportagem no Japão com ex-ponta da década de 60"
7291:
6001:"Japoneses criaram o cinturão verde em São Paulo – Centenario da Imigração"
5569:"Globo favorece atores ocidentais em núcleo japonês de nova novela das 18h"
4475:
4435:
Barbosa, Muryatan S. (2001). "Identidade nacional e ideologia racialista".
3730:"Centenário da Imigração Japonesa – Conte sua história : Sabrina Sato"
2748:
2568:
2535:
2531:
Hugo Hoyama, the second athlete with the most medals in Pan American Games.
2178:
2102:
1902:
1878:
1863:
1784:
1721:
1344:
1140:
1041:
1035:
925:
855:
652:
464:
398:
8875:
Legislative Assembly of São Paulo; Historical Collection Division (1988).
8572:
7905:"Casamentos nipo-brasileiros adaptam e resgatam tradições dos dois países"
5770:
3706:"Sebo Temático: Histórias da Arte « Catraca Livre – São Paulo Grátis"
2365:) to train specialists in colonization work. These students were known as
574:
The contract between Ryo Mizuno and the Secretary of Agriculture Affairs,
146:
8885:
7030:
3729:
3339:
2608:
2117:
2086:
1779:
1442:
Distribution of immigrants from Japan, natural and Brazilian – 1940/1950
1323:
1046:
824:
642:
371:
254:
222:
134:
9225:
3516:
3301:
Fábio Riodi Yassuda was the first Nikkei to become a minister in Brazil.
2456:
the Japanese, 71.36% among the Italians and 51.7% among the Portuguese.
2426:
Inauguration of a multipurpose hall at the Japanese-Brazilian School in
9278:
9154:
7521:"Há 42 anos, ex-ponta Kaneko dava "Lençol Psicodélico" em jogo na Vila"
7052:"Modalidade que mais dá medalhas ao Brasil, judô celebra data especial"
4503:
4479:
4401:"História da discriminação brasileira contra os japoneses sai do limbo"
3122:
3015:
emerged. Later, in 1985, the three entities joined to form the current
2684:, in 2005; Fier was Brazilian vice-champion in 2011. In women's chess,
2646:
2611:, who are among the top ten Brazilian medalists at Pan American Games.
2560:
2460:
Japanese-Brazilians began to incorporate Brazilian academic curricula.
2129:
2110:
2050:
1841:
1829:
restaurants, karaoke establishments and supermarkets where you can buy
1340:
1186:
1097:
978:
346:
34:
9170:
8516:"Enkyo lança pedra fundamental do novo hospital em São Miguel Arcanjo"
6940:"A participação de atletas nikkeis brasileiros na Olimpíada de Pequim"
5635:"Em 'Viver a Vida', Daniele Suzuki definitivamente abandona o quimono"
3875:"U.S. State Department – International Religious Freedom Report, 2007"
2054:
1184:, the country's most famous journalist-photographer duo, published in
970:
9374:
7579:"Recepção ao novo embaixador do Japão Umeda, laços que se fortalecem"
7325:
7139:"Conheça os maiores medalhistas brasileiros nos Jogos Pan-Americanos"
6267:"Fundada por imigrantes japoneses, Bastos vive como "capital do ovo""
3566:
3437:
3263:
2780:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2465:
2427:
2354:
2207:
2098:
1911:
1836:
1763:
1735:
1173:
1155:, and was worshipped at domestic altars as a descendant of the gods.
949:
613:
556:
warning about the danger of Brazilians mixing with "inferior races".
433:
367:
366:
allowed an intense project of modernization and expansion during the
9244:
6294:"Produtores de ovos de SP reforçam atenção com os custos do negócio"
5509:"Atores Nikkeis: Nipo-descendentes contam experiências na profissão"
4926:"Cerca de 30 milhões de pessoas vivem no campo desde 1940, diz IBGE"
4495:
3462:, this group was very important for the "conversion of Japanese and
2983:" (English: bathroom). However, in Japan this word was replaced by "
2814:
Japanese language skills of individuals from Brazil living in Japan
2633:, visited Brazil. Other prominent Nikkei in Brazilian swimming are:
757:
became a Japanese neighborhood with typical stores and restaurants.
58:
9198:
9061:
Produção acadêmica sobre a imigração e a cultura japonesa no Brasil
8597:
8059:"Yanai deixa cadeira de Goellner e garante que já mostrou trabalho"
3821:"Censo 2010: população asiática no Brasil cresceu 177% em dez anos"
3445:
3433:
3370:
2948:
Another survey conducted in the Japanese communities of Aliança in
2776:
2548:
2508:
2283:
2253:
2242:
2058:
1891:
1813:
1727:
1725:
of better job opportunities. These Brazilian migrants are known as
1128:
921:
488:
308:
191:~2.084 million descendants (1.09% of the Brazilian population)
6160:"As ceasas brasileiras e o negócio de frutas e hortaliças frescas"
5928:"A contribuição japonesa para a economia local desde o século XIX"
3582:
3428:
A Japanese-Brazilian girl during a Shinto celebration in Curitiba.
2062:
1831:
1783:
Sculpture in honor of 100 years of Japanese immigration by artist
625:
520:
sanctioned Law No. 97, allowing Asian immigrants to enter Brazil.
9284:
9234:
9191:
9016:
A imigração japonesa para a lavoura cafeeira paulista (1908–1922)
5693:
4834:"Segunda Guerra Mundial: os bens confiscados e jamais devolvidos"
2972:
2680:
who became Brazilian chess champion in the absolute category was
2552:
2473:
2309:
2165:
had the idea of "importing" Japanese families to the region, and
2029:
high level of education of this group. While in 1958, 56% of the
2018:
2014:
1867:
Daniele Suzuki is Brazil's best-known Japanese-Brazilian actress.
1825:
1804:
988:
629:
108:
9176:
6645:"Vale da Seda inaugura sua primeira loja com produtos 100% seda"
6349:"Maiores municípios produtores de ovos do Brasil segundo o IBGE"
5425:"Um século depois, influência japonesa torna-se parte do Brasil"
4697:"BUSCANDO AS ORIGENS DOS KÔTAKUSEI: PERFIL, PLANO E REALIZAÇÕES"
2736:
2327:
2066:
1343:, who was presiding over the constituent session, exercised the
851:
46:
9135:
8157:
Domingos Chohachi Nakamura: O Apóstolo dos Imigrantes Japoneses
5535:"Atores descendentes de japoneses tentam fugir de estereótipos"
3459:
3109:
2953:
2544:
2375:
2043:
1883:
1152:
394:
356:
296:
84:
7876:"UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS JAPONESES E SEUS DESCENDENTES EM CURITIBA"
7640:"Permanentemente temporário: dekasseguis brasileiros no Japão"
6322:
Lebrão, Ana Carolina Vieira; Hanada, Thais; Bomtempo, Denise.
5822:"Semana da Cultura Japonesa vai até dia 18 no Norte Sul Plaza"
2656:
There is also significant Japanese-Brazilian participation in
2389:
Although silk was already produced in Brazil since the era of
241:(日系), term used to refer to Japanese and their descendants. A
96:
70:
9211:
8760:"Kentaro Takaoka (1919–2010) – Médico anestesista e inventor"
8225:"Pastoral nipo-brasileira celebra seu 50º congresso nacional"
4751:"A política brasileira de branqueamento – uma visão jurídica"
3338:
to assume the position of senator, representing the state of
2927:
2657:
2556:
2503:
2323:
2200:
1819:
1673:
932:) supported by other medical deputies such as the sanitarian
602:
390:
337:
Poster advertising the immigration of Japanese to Brazil and
290:
6126:"Brasília 'importou' japoneses para impulsionar agricultura"
3099:
Brazil has also become a stronghold for the preservation of
2937:, schools where they learned to read and write in Japanese.
2386:, leading Brazil to self-sufficiency in jute fiber in 1952.
2006:
it increased from 3,582 to 66,119 (0.7% of the population).
258:
arrived in the country bringing 781 workers to farms in the
8254:"Bento XVI nomeia bispos auxiliares de São Paulo e Vitória"
5899:"Quais alimentos foram trazidos ao Brasil pelos japoneses?"
4192:"Resumo Histórico sobre as Emigrações Japonesas, 1868–1998"
3487:
3135:
2564:
2345:
2337:
became known as the "king of ramie". With competition from
1847:
720:
Passport photograph of Masataro Yamada and his wife, 1919.
386:
338:
8487:"Hospital de São Miguel Arcanjo é inaugurado neste sábado"
5599:"PRECONCEITO E ESTEREÓTIPOS NA TELEDRAMATURGIA BRASILEIRA"
5359:"Primeiros dekasseguis não querem voltar a morar no Japão"
3797:"Fernanda Takai "despertou" para idioma japonês já adulta"
3754:"Modelo nikkei mostra talento na passarela e nos negócios"
2739:, and is considered the "father" of the dribbling called "
2617:
won the first Olympic medal for Brazilian swimming at the
2539:
Poliana Okimoto, Olympic, World and Pan-American medalist.
2471:
Immigrants were also responsible for the insertion of the
1312:
Para o futuro da pátria – Evitemos a niponização do Brasil
1277:
who believed in Japanese defeat. The murders committed by
8409:"Médicos celebram o Centenário Brasil-Japão em Congresso"
7665:"Na hora de casar, nikkei busca nikkei, mostra Datafolha"
6237:"Alheia à crise, exportação de açaí do Pará bate recorde"
4900:"Estudo revela 60 anos de transformações sociais no país"
3262:
intention of getting married, even without knowing their
2430:, Paraná. The work was funded by the Japanese government.
1322:
to vote in favor of amendment 3165, and deputies such as
854:
with Japanese immigrants attracted by the cultivation of
211:
Portuguese, and a minority of descendants speak Japanese.
6188:
Martinello, André Souza; Carvalho, Ely Bergo de (2011).
5597:
Andrade, Larissa Pamela de; Magnoni, Antônio Francisco.
7774:"Breve história do ensino de língua japonesa no Brasil"
5383:"Número de brasileiros no Japão cai 4,2%, para 177.953"
769:
Japanese immigrants going to the coffee harvest, 1930s.
687:
in his message to the São Paulo State Congress in 1909:
9005:
São Paulo Museum of Art; Banco América do Sul (1988).
5867:"São Paulo, o algodão e o japonês na década de trinta"
4785:"Japoneses trouxeram 'diamante negro' para a Amazônia"
3352:
in Mogi das Cruzes. It was inaugurated in 2008 by the
3317:, municipal elections were held again. That year, the
2161:
brought in from other regions. As a result, President
10045:
6912:"OPERAÇÕES MATEMÁTICAS COM O SOROBAN (ÁBACO JAPONÊS)"
6699:"Seda brasileira, 'a melhor do mundo', está ameaçada"
5972:"Federação das Cooperativas Agrícolas de Colonização"
5233:"COMÉRCIO JAPONÊS: O surgimento das casas comerciais"
4304:"Colonização, imigração e a questão racial no Brasil"
819:
Japanese immigrant passport, 1921. National Archives.
636:
582:
published a note opposing the entry of the Japanese.
8883:
6552:"Koutakuseis: uma comemoração histórica aos 80 anos"
6523:"Imigrantes japoneses na região amazônica – Parte 1"
5410:
São Paulo Museum of Art, Banco América do Sul (1988)
4226:
3686:
548:
of the first Brazilian diplomatic mission in Japan,
7738:Bolognini, Carmen Zink; Payer, Maria Onice (2005).
3649:
Historical Museum of Japanese Immigration in Brazil
3145:Distribution of Japanese-Brazilians in generations
2603:reference for a new generation of players, such as
969:I know like no one else the value of the Japanese.
252:This process began on June 18, 1908, when the ship
8674:Amazônia: meio ambiente e desenvolvimento agrícola
6187:
5956:"Um centenário difícil, mas de boas influências".
5063:Duarte, Alexandre; Garattoni, Bruno (2020-02-18).
4586:"Livro contesta aniversário da imigração japonesa"
3525:Associação de Assistência aos Imigrantes Japoneses
1334:firmly supported the opposite position. Rep. José
8710:"Hospital Amazônia em Belém, Endereço e Telefone"
7463:"Simultânea com MI Edson Tsuboi no SESC Ipiranga"
3557:In addition to the Nipo-Brasileiro Hospital, the
3005:Federação das Escolas de Ensino Japonês no Brasil
2287:developments that led to increased productivity.
2241:. Even though their plantations were attacked by
1218:Japanese immigrants with their potato plantation.
810:
711:
416:
315:
10081:
8915:Pequena história da imigração japonesa no Brasil
6321:
3126:) was not accepted by most Japanese immigrants (
2727:", which was later perfected and popularized by
2357:, now called Vila Amazônia, and established the
1845:, has been adapted into a Japanese version with
1667:majority of families who moved to São Paulo and
915:
781:Japanese immigrants tending a coffee plantation.
226:A small proportion follow Buddhism and Shintoism
7682:Ota, Junko; Gardenal, Luiz Maximiliano Santin.
7284:"Porto Alegre 1990 – 57° Campeonato Brasileiro"
7110:"Influência Nikkei no Tênis de Mesa Brasileiro"
5062:
3388:became Minister of Mines and Energy during the
320:
7737:
5334:"As dez cidades com mais brasileiros no Japão"
4526:XXII Encontro Estadual de História da ANPUH-SP
1931:Distribution of Japanese-Brazilians by states
1858:
1206:Japanese immigrants clearing untouched forest.
9109:
9089:Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation
6787:"Valores impulsionam alunos nipo-brasileiros"
6758:"Escola Nipo-Brasileira ganha salão multiuso"
6030:"Clima ameno atraiu nikkei a Mogi das Cruzes"
4093:"DERRUBADA DO XOGUNATO E A RESTAURAÇÃO MEIJI"
2478:logical reasoning. The first disseminator of
2013:(1.4%). The lowest percentages were found in
1704:
507:. In 1892, there were several debates in the
9070:Conde Koma – O invencível yondan da história
4986:"A história da sede do Banco América do Sul"
4950:"DECRETO-LEI Nº 383, DE 18 DE ABRIL DE 1938"
1839:. Even the most famous Brazilian drink, the
1285:characteristics of their European ancestry.
487:in 1241, and the second being Italy against
9050:Seto, Cláudio; Uyeda, Maria Helena (2011).
8949:
8339:. No. 2182. 2011-09-02. Archived from
5844:
5338:Blog do AERU – Guia de Gastronomia Japonesa
4670:Bueno, Antônio Henrique Bittencourt Cunha.
2754:Campeonato Brasileiro de Seleções Estaduais
2747:". Ademir Ueta, known as China, played for
1172:, where the inmates were exhibited as in a
1096:At the time of the World War II, the term "
850:Japanese-Brazilian communities appeared in
9116:
9102:
6462:"Rami e japoneses contam história de Uraí"
5596:
5506:
5035:"Paraná também teve campo de concentração"
4628:Oliveira, Alexandre Lima de (2020-04-16).
4398:
4334:Lima, Silvio Cezar de Souza (2021-01-10).
4021:
3970:"História da Imigração Japonesa no Brasil"
3505:Beneficência Nipo-Brasileira de São Paulo.
2771:, and was called up to participate in the
1357:Japanese immigration to Brazil by periods
277:. According to a 2016 survey published by
9049:
8977:
5331:
4731:
4613:
4290:
3559:Beneficência Nipo-Brasileira de São Paulo
3530:Beneficência Nipo-Brasileira de São Paulo
1080:, which played an important role for the
700:Only on June 28, 1910, another ship, the
9067:
9013:
8200:"Centro de Pesquisas Monsenhor Nakamura"
7963:"As noivas que atravessaram o Atlântico"
7902:
5710:
5116:
5008:
4627:
4301:
3692:
3579:Beneficência Nipo-Brasileira da Amazônia
3545:and the then President of the Republic,
3498:
3444:(1856–1940), a priest of the Diocese of
3423:
3344:
3296:
3009:Sociedade Brasileira de Cultura Japonesa
2534:
2526:
2421:
2061:, and in smaller municipalities such as
1862:
1794:Antônio Henrique Bittencourt Cunha Bueno
1778:
1708:
1251:
814:
715:
667:Front Page of the Passenger List of the
662:
420:
332:
324:
9022:
8982:. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo.
8538:
8536:
8462:"Histórico do Hospital Nipo-Brasileiro"
8125:
8123:
8022:
8020:
8018:
8016:
7898:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7869:
7867:
7814:Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
7800:
7798:
7772:Morales, Leiko Matsubara (2009-06-09).
7771:
7704:
7702:
7700:
7681:
7659:
7657:
7634:
7632:
7312:
7310:
7308:
6847:
6845:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6488:
6486:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6265:Galvão, Vinícius Queiroz (2008-06-22).
5532:
5450:"Drink recipes: Caipisake or sakerinha"
5356:
4983:
4516:
4474:
4434:
3527:was founded, which changed its name to
3350:Centennial Park of Japanese Immigration
2411:United States Department of Agriculture
2359:Escola Superior de Colonização do Japão
2141:producers from all over Latin America.
1697:(ITA) and 12% of those selected at the
284:The descendants of Japanese are called
10082:
9084:Museum of Japanese Immigration website
9058:
8995:
8986:
8154:
7873:
6433:"Japão dobra presença no PR em 5 anos"
6288:
6286:
6264:
6154:
6152:
6150:
6091:
6089:
5893:
5891:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5764:
5762:
5663:Amaral, Denise Meira do (2016-07-18).
5662:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5419:
5417:
5405:
5403:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5165:
5161:
5159:
5143:"Do sol nascente aos tristes trópicos"
4923:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4745:
4743:
4713:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4114:
4112:
2719:and is considered the inventor of the
2501:in Brazil was the introduction of the
1993:In 2008, IBGE published a book on the
1695:Technological Institute of Aeronautics
805:Japanese warehouse in São Paulo, 1940.
696:on whose properties they were located.
16:Migration movement in the 20th century
9097:
8968:
8943:Shindô Renmei: terrorismo e repressão
8940:
8921:
8912:
8877:Os nikkeis na Assembléia de São Paulo
8677:. Serviço de Produção de Informação.
8670:
8651:Consulado Geral do Japão em São Paulo
6882:"As primeiras escolas dos imigrantes"
6494:"Koutakuseis – Os guerreiros da juta"
5632:
5301:
5065:"Os campos de concentração no Brasil"
4972:
4868:
4623:
4621:
4554:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4517:Almeida, Gustavo H. Gomes de (2014).
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4316:10.11606/issn.2316-9036.v0i53p117-149
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4214:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4025:SOBRENOMES E ANCESTRALIDADE NO BRASIL
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3939:"DIA NACIONAL DA IMIGRAÇÃO JAPONESA!"
3903:
3901:
3899:
2783:. There is also the participation of
2120:. In a statement given by the former
1671:had few resources and were headed by
1330:did so. At the other extreme, Deputy
8533:
8120:
8013:
7889:
7864:
7840:
7795:
7697:
7654:
7629:
7434:"Entrevista com a WFM Juliana Terao"
7305:
6842:
6808:
6483:
6408:"Pesca santista... profissional (3)"
6370:
6210:
5864:
4333:
4243:
4189:
3432:The Japanese immigrants were mostly
3017:Centro Brasileiro de Língua Japonesa
300:, and their great-grandchildren are
196:Regions with significant populations
9041:Sá, Michele Eduarda Brasil (2010).
9031:
9007:Vida e arte dos japoneses no Brasil
8671:Homma, Alfredo Kingo Oyama (1998).
8569:"Assistência Médica Móvel (Junkai)"
7804:
7023:"Judô Nacional Galeria de Campeões"
6909:
6726:
6283:
6147:
6086:
5888:
5849:
5790:
5768:
5759:
5556:
5507:Minatogawa, Henrique (2014-07-14).
5414:
5400:
5290:
5254:
5189:
5156:
5089:"Os imigrantes expulsos do litoral"
4855:
4802:
4772:
4740:
4646:
4555:Gomes, Marcelo Abreu (2008-06-01).
4227:Silva, Naxara & Camilotti (2003
4109:
3414:Secretariat of Social Communication
2904:Great-grandchildren and subsequent
2765:for Palmeiras, participated in the
2317:
2151:Institute of Agricultural Economics
1013:Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil
793:Japanese immigrants sifting coffee.
455:Japan, which had only opened up to
13:
9040:
8843:"Biografia de Roberto Shinyashiki"
8594:"Fundação Mitsui Bussan do Brasil"
7934:"Negócios com a "raça brasileira""
7440:. 24 February 2012. Archived from
7226:"Medalhas o Brasil no Pan de 1951"
6965:"De A a Z – 100 legados japoneses"
6819:
5738:"IBGE traça perfil dos imigrantes"
5117:Kawakami, Alexandre (2014-06-04).
4618:
4532:
4399:Suzuki Jr., Matinas (2008-04-20).
4357:
4322:
4273:
4232:
4162:"Cronologia da Imigração Japonesa"
4141:
4042:
3953:
3907:
3896:
2735:at the time of great players like
2069:, but with a higher percentage of
685:Manuel Joaquim de Albuquerque Lins
637:Early days of official immigration
585:
14:
10116:
9077:
8887:República, liberalismo, cidadania
8384:"O Dōjinkai e o Hospital Japonês"
7197:"O inesquecível Tetsuo – Parte I"
6910:Azevedo, Orlando César Siade de.
6729:"OS HERÓIS DA IMIGRAÇÃO JAPONESA"
4669:
3783:"Yudi é descendente de japoneses"
3256:Legislative Assembly of São Paulo
2662:Brazilian absolute chess champion
2216:Agricultural Cooperative of Cotia
2122:Minister of Agriculture of Brazil
1769:
620:, in the current municipality of
10067:
10055:
9125:
9034:A língua japonesa dos imigrantes
9014:Nogueira, Arlinda Rocha (1973).
8835:
8806:
8781:
8752:
8727:
8702:
8664:
8636:
8611:
8586:
8561:
8508:
8479:
8454:
8429:
8401:
8376:
8347:
8325:
8300:
8271:
8246:
8217:
8192:
8163:
8148:
8091:
8080:
8051:
7984:
7955:
7926:
7903:Morisawa, Mariane (2008-09-11).
7834:
7765:
7731:
7675:
7600:
7571:
7542:
7513:
7484:
7455:
7426:
7397:
7368:
7339:
7276:
7255:"A natação e a colônia japonesa"
7247:
7218:
7189:
7160:
7131:
7102:
7073:
7044:
7015:
6986:
6957:
6932:
6903:
6874:
6779:
6750:
6720:
6691:
6662:
6637:
6602:
6573:
6544:
6515:
6454:
6425:
6400:
5533:Boeckel, Cristina (2008-06-01).
5332:Rodriguez, Sheila (2017-04-02).
5011:"Os espiões de Hitler no Brasil"
3115:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1199:
899:
887:
875:
863:
798:
786:
774:
762:
528:Populações Meridionais do Brasil
524:Francisco José de Oliveira Viana
450:Gabriel de Toledo Piza e Almeida
169:
157:
145:
133:
119:
107:
95:
83:
69:
57:
45:
33:
8978:Gonçalves, Paulo Cezar (2008).
8868:
6994:"Origem do beisebol brasileiro"
6341:
6315:
6258:
6229:
6204:
6181:
6118:
6051:
6022:
5993:
5964:
5949:
5920:
5838:
5814:
5784:
5730:
5704:
5686:
5656:
5626:
5590:
5526:
5500:
5471:
5442:
5375:
5350:
5325:
5225:
5179:Brasil – 500 anos de povoamento
5170:
5135:
5110:
5081:
5056:
5027:
5002:
4977:
4966:
4942:
4917:
4892:
4826:
4733:10.1590/S0103-40142006000200009
4707:
4695:Sá, Michele Eduarda Brasil de.
4688:
4607:
4578:
4548:
4510:
4480:"Japanese Emigration to Brazil"
4468:
4443:
4428:
4295:
4220:
4208:
4183:
4085:
4015:
3991:
3931:
3867:
3846:"Adital – Brasileiros no Japão"
2822:Level of knowledge of Japanese
2763:CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament
2717:Sport Club Corinthians Paulista
1923:
1029:
833:Kokushikan Kôtô Takushoku Gakkô
329:Japanese postage stamp in 1958.
8333:"A crise do budismo no Brasil"
6097:"Imigração Japonesa no Brasil"
5357:Pereira, Liésio (2005-05-25).
4694:
4630:"IMIGRAÇÃO JAPONESA AO BRASIL"
4120:"Razões da Imigração Japonesa"
3910:"Imigração Japonesa no Brasil"
3838:
3813:
3789:
3775:
3746:
3722:
3698:
3661:
3313:In 1947, after the end of the
3003:and organizations such as the
2775:; he also played for teams in
2185:farmers in the rural areas of
1939:Japanese-Brazilian population
1900:, in 2016, for the soap opera
1693:, 16% of those who passed the
1657:Ministry of Trade and Industry
1645:Municipal Chamber of São Paulo
1242:Family of Japanese immigrants.
1230:Family of Japanese immigrants.
995:, and the institution and the
811:The great Japanese immigration
712:Difficulties of the early days
526:, author of the classic book "
417:Need for immigration in Brazil
316:History of Japanese immigrants
233:Japanese immigration in Brazil
1:
9025:O Súdito: (Banzai, Massateru)
8969:Gomes, Marcelo Abreu (2008).
8950:Galimbertti, Antonio (2002).
8171:"Portugueses do sol nascente"
7405:"Torino 2006 – 37ª Olimpiada"
5711:Bianconi, Nara (2008-06-27).
5633:Trigo, Mariana (2010-04-05).
4954:Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
4924:Araújo, Glauco (2010-11-29).
4838:Chamber of Deputies of Brazil
4255:(28): 245–250. Archived from
4190:Azum, Eiichiro (2014-02-28).
4022:Monasterio, Leonardo (2016).
3654:
3412:took over as minister of the
3013:Aliança Cultural Brasil-Japão
2749:Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras
2668:in 1990. The following year,
2484:O Soroban pelo Método Moderno
1894:. According to the newspaper
1124:living in the United States.
997:National Treasury Secretariat
916:Nationalism in the Vargas era
576:Carlos José de Arruda Botelho
10105:Japanese diaspora by country
8766:. 2010-07-31. Archived from
8737:. 2011-11-09. Archived from
8518:. 2011-09-29. Archived from
8493:. 2013-08-10. Archived from
8285:. 2011-07-12. Archived from
8256:. 2011-05-04. Archived from
8231:. 2012-07-13. Archived from
8177:. 2009-12-08. Archived from
8065:. 2010-09-13. Archived from
7940:. 1999-06-06. Archived from
7883:Federal University of Paraná
7841:Mori, Leticia (2018-01-22).
7614:. 2003-11-09. Archived from
7585:. 2014-04-14. Archived from
7556:. 2008-07-01. Archived from
7527:. 2010-03-09. Archived from
7498:. 2014-03-26. Archived from
7261:. 2013-10-23. Archived from
7116:. 2009-11-25. Archived from
7087:. 2014-07-31. Archived from
7058:. 2014-10-29. Archived from
6971:. 2008-06-04. Archived from
6942:. 2008-08-07. Archived from
6888:. 2008-06-13. Archived from
6793:. 2009-09-01. Archived from
6764:. 2019-03-11. Archived from
6670:"Produção de seda no Brasil"
6647:. 2014-11-19. Archived from
6558:. 2011-11-29. Archived from
6500:. 2009-06-25. Archived from
6439:. 2014-09-23. Archived from
6211:Paul, Gustavo (1993-08-18).
6166:. 2009-10-27. Archived from
6132:. 2008-04-21. Archived from
6007:. 2008-03-04. Archived from
5744:. 2008-06-21. Archived from
5485:. 2008-10-13. Archived from
5275:. 2008-09-26. Archived from
5210:. 2008-09-19. Archived from
5095:. 2008-06-27. Archived from
5041:. 2020-04-30. Archived from
5009:Silveira, Ari (2009-11-20).
4984:Vignoli, José (2021-04-19).
4840:. 2011-11-09. Archived from
4592:. 2008-06-19. Archived from
4168:. 2008-04-20. Archived from
3945:. 2020-06-18. Archived from
3852:. 2011-07-22. Archived from
3467:for the community. In 2011,
3380:in the executive branch was
2806:
2417:
983:dictatorship implemented by
963:Bento de Abreu Sampaio Vidal
471:and Minister of Agriculture
321:Need for emigration in Japan
7:
9054:. Official Press of Paraná.
8418:(590). 2008. Archived from
7805:Pertile, Marley Terezinha.
7376:"Calvia 2004 36ª Olimpiada"
6610:"A ORIGEM DA SERICICULTURA"
5793:"O estilo japonês de Sampa"
3627:
3475:as auxiliary bishop of the
3419:
3292:
2643:Lucas Vinicius Yoko Salatta
2434:According to the newspaper
1859:Representation in the media
1247:
906:Japanese immigrants at the
616:, the group settled on the
554:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
10121:
10090:Japanese-Brazilian culture
9068:Virgílio, Stanlei (2002).
8437:"Hospital Nipo-Brasileiro"
8028:"A felicidade do pioneiro"
7750:(2): 42–46. Archived from
7644:Revista bras. Estud. Popul
7550:"Do Palmeiras à Olimpíada"
6820:Moraes, Bruno Pedroso de.
4716:"A imigração para o Japão"
4302:Seyferth, Giralda (2002).
3612:There is also the case of
3537:community, it is known as
2363:Nihon Koto Takushoku Gakko
2175:Núcleo Rural Vargem Bonita
2080:
1910:", a practice similar to "
1774:
1705:Reversal of migration flow
1033:
938:Antônio Xavier de Oliveira
910:in São Paulo (circa 1935).
640:
530:", published in 1918, and
294:, their grandchildren are
10095:Brazilian immigration law
9995:
9936:
9885:
9854:
9828:
9787:
9778:
9762:
9753:
9687:
9671:
9640:
9582:
9573:
9556:
9547:
9475:
9432:
9399:
9351:
9344:
9312:
9295:
9265:
9256:
9146:
9142:
8996:Morais, Fernando (2000).
8789:"Biografia de Içami Tiba"
7318:"Campeonatos Brasileiros"
5865:Nogueira, Arlinda Rocha.
3607:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
3494:
3364:With the presence of the
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3028:
2821:
2818:
2813:
2664:of Japanese origin being
2522:
1930:
1699:Getulio Vargas Foundation
1651:to become a minister was
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1356:
1320:Brazilian Communist Party
908:Hospedaria dos Imigrantes
485:Mongol invasion of Europe
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
27:
9358:American (United States)
8987:Lesser, Jeffrey (2001).
8926:. Humanitas/USP/FAPESP.
7874:Kojima, Shigeru (1991).
7714:Enciclopédia das Línguas
5119:"Racismo à moda da casa"
4561:revistadehistoria.com.br
4557:"Antes do 'Kasato Maru'"
3477:Archdiocese of São Paulo
2979:" is used to designate "
2666:Roberto Tadashi Watanabe
2621:, a bronze medal in the
2589:the 2012 Summer Olympics
2322:Although there had been
9023:Okubaro, Jorge (2006).
9000:. Companhia das Letras.
8941:Dezem, Rogério (2000).
8922:Dezem, Rogério (2005).
8544:"Ficha Estabelecimento"
7740:"LÍNGUAS DE IMIGRANTES"
6101:Government of São Paulo
5694:"Números do Censo 2000"
4291:Seto & Uyeda (2011)
3252:De Japonês a Brasileiro
2711:in Brazilian soccer is
2627:1951 Pan American Games
2276:Ministry of Agriculture
1835:and different types of
1691:University of São Paulo
840:Immigration Act of 1924
550:Manuel de Oliveira Lima
10003:Demographics of Brazil
9132:Ancestry and ethnicity
8155:Onichi, Pedro (2005).
7467:Clube de Xadrez Online
6998:City Hall of São Paulo
6733:Revista Dinheiro Rural
4714:Sasaki, Elisa (2006).
3507:
3429:
3361:
3302:
3019:, based in São Paulo.
2540:
2532:
2497:Another legacy of the
2431:
2126:João Roberto Rodrigues
1868:
1788:
1717:
1341:Fernando de Melo Viana
1336:Eduardo do Prado Kelly
1260:
1027:
975:
820:
755:Liberdade neighborhood
725:
698:
672:
569:Kokoku Shokumin Kaisha
441:Artur Silveira da Mota
429:
342:
330:
9380:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
8913:Daigo, Masao (2008).
6617:Agricultura.pr.gov.br
6005:O Estado de São Paulo
5958:Revista Plasticultura
5269:"Integração política"
3974:centenario2008.org.br
3879:U.S. State Department
3502:
3427:
3348:
3300:
2952:and Fukuhaku-mura in
2695:The participation of
2538:
2530:
2492:Ministry of Education
2490:was regulated by the
2425:
2144:The concentration of
2135:intensive agriculture
2073:in their population.
1866:
1782:
1762:Chinese, Koreans and
1712:
1255:
1131:and the "land of the
1022:
967:
928:(elected by the then
818:
719:
689:
666:
624:, then a district of
612:, who was a judge in
424:
336:
328:
288:, their children are
260:interior of São Paulo
9059:Suzuki, Tae (1992).
8131:"Centenário de amor"
7691:Estudos Lingüísticos
7525:Santos Futebol Clube
6383:"Imigração japonesa"
6213:"Tem tigre na selva"
3673:nippobrasilia.com.br
3514:The creation of the
3237:Great-grandchildren
2773:1968 Summer Olympics
2733:Santos Futebol Clube
2705:Japan national teams
2686:Juliana Sayumi Terao
2631:Hironoshin Furuhashi
2623:1500-meter freestyle
2581:1984 Summer Olympics
2573:1972 Summer Olympics
2163:Juscelino Kubitschek
2093:. Their work in the
1078:Banco América do Sul
959:Alfredo Ellis Júnior
823:With the end of the
436:in rural São Paulo.
245:(Japanese: 日系ブラジル人,
9032:Ota, Junko (1998).
8359:Santa Cruz Hospital
7351:Tabuleiro de Xadrez
7347:"Everaldo Matsuura"
6853:"Beleza e presteza"
6762:apucarana.pr.gov.br
5769:Ota, Junko (2009).
5302:Magalhães, Naiara.
4869:Magalhães, Naiara.
4229:, pp. 153–161)
4062:Magalhães, Naiara.
3943:Promissão City Hall
3634:Brazilians in Japan
3622:Roberto Shinyashiki
3601:, who invented the
3382:Fábio Riodi Yassuda
3334:, became the first
2797:Marcus Tulio Tanaka
2639:Rogério Aoki Romero
2619:1952 Helsinki Games
2042:, Osvaldo Cruz and
1655:, in 1969, who was
1653:Fábio Riodi Yassuda
1597:Mato Grosso do Sul
1316:Luis Carlos Prestes
622:Conceição de Macabu
567:, president of the
509:Chamber of Deputies
495:From 1892, Senator
457:international trade
247:nikkei burajiru-jin
24:
23:Japanese–Brazilians
9161:Indigenous peoples
6059:"Conheça a região"
5845:Galimbertti (2002)
5479:"Nikkeis na mídia"
5387:Alternativa Online
5204:"Nikkeis no poder"
5069:Super Interessante
4244:Ninomiya, Masato.
3563:São Miguel Arcanjo
3508:
3473:Júlio Endi Akamine
3430:
3398:Minister of Health
3362:
3303:
2801:Daishiro Yoshimura
2743:", also known as "
2690:Edson Kenji Tsuboi
2593:Pan American Games
2541:
2533:
2432:
2260:The New York Times
2011:Mato Grosso do Sul
1869:
1789:
1718:
1308:Miguel Couto Filho
1261:
1161:Granja do Canguiri
1098:concentration camp
821:
726:
673:
618:Santo Antônio farm
497:Ubaldino do Amaral
473:Francisco Glicério
469:Deodoro da Fonseca
430:
409:against the great
407:Russo-Japanese War
364:Tokugawa Shogunate
352:Tokugawa shogunate
343:
331:
243:Japanese-Brazilian
22:
10043:
10042:
9991:
9990:
9987:
9986:
9983:
9982:
9749:
9748:
9745:
9744:
9543:
9542:
9334:
9333:
9063:. Agência Estado.
8917:. Gráfica Paulos.
8684:978-85-7383-026-2
8619:"Yassuragui Home"
8283:São Paulo Shimbun
8175:Guia do Estudante
7744:Ciencia e Cultura
6498:Guia do Estudante
5903:Superinteressante
5791:Pereira, Liésio.
5573:Folha de S. Paulo
4720:Estudos Avançados
3455:Kakure Kirishitan
3442:Domingos Nakamura
3406:Lula's government
3402:Sarney government
3390:Geisel government
3247:
3246:
3101:Okinawan language
3097:
3096:
2923:
2922:
2768:Copa Libertadores
2729:Roberto Rivellino
2715:, who played for
2670:Everaldo Matsuura
2660:, with the first
2583:and the third by
2293:Greater São Paulo
2257:and the American
2181:. There are also
1995:Japanese diaspora
1983:
1982:
1897:Folha de S. Paulo
1661:Médici government
1630:
1629:
1546:Federal District
1437:
1436:
1349:1946 Constitution
1145:Italian-Brazilian
1143:was mocked or an
936:, from Bahia and
831:, trained by the
722:National Archives
655:and ended in the
545:chargé d'affaires
477:National Congress
230:
229:
181:
180:
10112:
10100:Culture of Japan
10072:
10071:
10070:
10060:
10059:
10058:
10051:
9785:
9784:
9760:
9759:
9580:
9579:
9554:
9553:
9349:
9348:
9263:
9262:
9144:
9143:
9130:
9129:
9128:
9118:
9111:
9104:
9095:
9094:
9073:
9064:
9055:
9046:
9037:
9028:
9027:. Terceiro Nome.
9019:
9010:
9001:
8992:
8983:
8974:
8965:
8946:
8937:
8918:
8909:
8880:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8858:
8849:. Archived from
8839:
8833:
8832:
8830:
8829:
8820:. Archived from
8818:palestrantes.org
8810:
8804:
8803:
8801:
8800:
8791:. Archived from
8785:
8779:
8778:
8776:
8775:
8756:
8750:
8749:
8747:
8746:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8721:
8712:. Archived from
8706:
8700:
8699:
8697:
8696:
8687:. Archived from
8668:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8653:. Archived from
8648:
8640:
8634:
8633:
8631:
8630:
8621:. Archived from
8615:
8609:
8608:
8606:
8605:
8596:. Archived from
8590:
8584:
8583:
8581:
8580:
8571:. Archived from
8565:
8559:
8558:
8556:
8555:
8546:. Archived from
8540:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8527:
8512:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8502:
8483:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8473:
8464:. Archived from
8458:
8452:
8451:
8449:
8448:
8439:. Archived from
8433:
8427:
8426:
8424:
8413:
8405:
8399:
8398:
8396:
8395:
8386:. Archived from
8380:
8374:
8373:
8371:
8370:
8361:. Archived from
8351:
8345:
8344:
8329:
8323:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8310:. Archived from
8304:
8298:
8297:
8295:
8294:
8275:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8250:
8244:
8243:
8241:
8240:
8221:
8215:
8214:
8212:
8211:
8202:. Archived from
8196:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8167:
8161:
8160:
8152:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8142:
8133:. Archived from
8127:
8118:
8117:
8115:
8114:
8105:. Archived from
8103:Cultura Japonesa
8095:
8089:
8084:
8078:
8077:
8075:
8074:
8055:
8049:
8048:
8046:
8045:
8039:
8033:. Archived from
8032:
8024:
8011:
8010:
8008:
8007:
7998:. Archived from
7988:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7978:
7969:. Archived from
7959:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7949:
7930:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7920:
7911:. Archived from
7900:
7887:
7886:
7880:
7871:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7849:. Archived from
7838:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7828:
7822:
7816:. Archived from
7811:
7802:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7789:
7780:. Archived from
7769:
7763:
7762:
7760:
7759:
7735:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7725:
7716:. Archived from
7706:
7695:
7694:
7693:(35): 1062–1071.
7688:
7679:
7673:
7672:
7661:
7652:
7651:
7636:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7604:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7594:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7546:
7540:
7539:
7537:
7536:
7517:
7511:
7510:
7508:
7507:
7488:
7482:
7481:
7479:
7478:
7469:. Archived from
7459:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7430:
7424:
7423:
7421:
7420:
7411:. Archived from
7401:
7395:
7394:
7392:
7391:
7382:. Archived from
7372:
7366:
7365:
7363:
7362:
7353:. Archived from
7343:
7337:
7336:
7334:
7333:
7324:. Archived from
7314:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7290:. Archived from
7280:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7251:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7232:. Archived from
7222:
7216:
7215:
7213:
7212:
7203:. Archived from
7193:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7174:. Archived from
7172:Sports Reference
7164:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7145:. Archived from
7135:
7129:
7128:
7126:
7125:
7106:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7096:
7077:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7048:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7029:. Archived from
7019:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7009:
7000:. Archived from
6990:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6961:
6955:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6921:. Archived from
6916:
6907:
6901:
6900:
6898:
6897:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6859:. Archived from
6857:Revista Educação
6849:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6831:. Archived from
6826:
6817:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6783:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6735:. Archived from
6727:Andrade, Livia.
6724:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6705:. Archived from
6695:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6685:
6676:. Archived from
6666:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6641:
6635:
6634:
6632:
6631:
6625:
6619:. Archived from
6614:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6587:. Archived from
6577:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6548:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6529:. Archived from
6519:
6513:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6490:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6468:. Archived from
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6410:. Archived from
6404:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6385:. Archived from
6379:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6364:
6355:. Archived from
6345:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6335:
6326:. Archived from
6319:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6309:
6300:. Archived from
6298:Diário da Granca
6290:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6243:. Archived from
6233:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6208:
6202:
6201:
6185:
6179:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6156:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6122:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6103:. Archived from
6093:
6084:
6083:
6081:
6080:
6074:
6068:. Archived from
6063:
6055:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6045:
6036:. Archived from
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6016:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5978:. Archived from
5968:
5962:
5961:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5934:. Archived from
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5905:. Archived from
5895:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5873:. Archived from
5862:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5832:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5799:. Archived from
5788:
5782:
5781:
5778:Synergies Brésil
5775:
5766:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5753:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5724:
5715:. Archived from
5708:
5702:
5701:
5690:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5671:. Archived from
5660:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5641:. Archived from
5630:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5620:
5614:
5608:. Archived from
5603:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5575:. Archived from
5565:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5541:. Archived from
5530:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5511:. Archived from
5504:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5494:
5475:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5456:. Archived from
5446:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5421:
5412:
5407:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5329:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5310:. Archived from
5299:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5265:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5239:. Archived from
5229:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5200:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5174:
5168:
5163:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4990:São Paulo Antiga
4981:
4975:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4877:. Archived from
4866:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4830:
4824:
4819:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4781:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4757:. Archived from
4747:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4667:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4625:
4616:
4614:Gonçalves (2008)
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4563:. Archived from
4552:
4546:
4541:
4530:
4529:
4523:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4416:
4410:. Archived from
4405:
4396:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4342:. Archived from
4331:
4320:
4319:
4299:
4293:
4288:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4261:
4250:
4241:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4158:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4126:. Archived from
4116:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4070:. Archived from
4059:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4030:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3976:. Archived from
3966:
3951:
3950:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3916:. Archived from
3905:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
3881:. Archived from
3871:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3760:. Archived from
3750:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3702:
3696:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3665:
3639:Asian Brazilians
3503:Building of the
3142:
3141:
3026:
3025:
2811:
2810:
2793:George Yonashiro
2789:George Kobayashi
2707:. An example of
2575:, the second by
2318:Fiber production
2239:Northeast region
2107:mandanrin orange
1985:According to an
1928:
1927:
1877:origin. Actress
1439:
1438:
1354:
1353:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1166:Greater Curitiba
1137:German-Brazilian
1111:Baixada Santista
930:Federal District
903:
891:
879:
867:
802:
790:
778:
766:
647:Officially, the
518:Floriano Peixoto
186:Total population
176:Daniel Matsunaga
173:
161:
149:
137:
123:
111:
99:
87:
73:
61:
49:
37:
29:
28:
25:
21:
10120:
10119:
10115:
10114:
10113:
10111:
10110:
10109:
10080:
10079:
10078:
10068:
10066:
10056:
10054:
10046:
10044:
10039:
9979:
9932:
9881:
9850:
9824:
9780:
9774:
9741:
9683:
9667:
9636:
9575:
9569:
9539:
9471:
9434:Central America
9428:
9395:
9340:
9330:
9314:
9313:Central Africa
9308:
9297:
9291:
9252:
9138:
9126:
9124:
9122:
9080:
8962:
8934:
8898:
8871:
8866:
8865:
8856:
8854:
8841:
8840:
8836:
8827:
8825:
8812:
8811:
8807:
8798:
8796:
8787:
8786:
8782:
8773:
8771:
8758:
8757:
8753:
8744:
8742:
8733:
8732:
8728:
8719:
8717:
8708:
8707:
8703:
8694:
8692:
8685:
8669:
8665:
8657:
8646:
8642:
8641:
8637:
8628:
8626:
8617:
8616:
8612:
8603:
8601:
8592:
8591:
8587:
8578:
8576:
8567:
8566:
8562:
8553:
8551:
8542:
8541:
8534:
8525:
8523:
8514:
8513:
8509:
8500:
8498:
8485:
8484:
8480:
8471:
8469:
8460:
8459:
8455:
8446:
8444:
8435:
8434:
8430:
8422:
8411:
8407:
8406:
8402:
8393:
8391:
8382:
8381:
8377:
8368:
8366:
8353:
8352:
8348:
8331:
8330:
8326:
8317:
8315:
8306:
8305:
8301:
8292:
8290:
8277:
8276:
8272:
8263:
8261:
8252:
8251:
8247:
8238:
8236:
8223:
8222:
8218:
8209:
8207:
8198:
8197:
8193:
8184:
8182:
8169:
8168:
8164:
8153:
8149:
8140:
8138:
8129:
8128:
8121:
8112:
8110:
8099:"Shigeaki Ueki"
8097:
8096:
8092:
8085:
8081:
8072:
8070:
8057:
8056:
8052:
8043:
8041:
8037:
8030:
8026:
8025:
8014:
8005:
8003:
7990:
7989:
7985:
7976:
7974:
7961:
7960:
7956:
7947:
7945:
7932:
7931:
7927:
7918:
7916:
7901:
7890:
7878:
7872:
7865:
7856:
7854:
7839:
7835:
7826:
7824:
7820:
7809:
7803:
7796:
7787:
7785:
7778:Descubra Nikkei
7770:
7766:
7757:
7755:
7736:
7732:
7723:
7721:
7708:
7707:
7698:
7686:
7680:
7676:
7663:
7662:
7655:
7638:
7637:
7630:
7621:
7619:
7606:
7605:
7601:
7592:
7590:
7577:
7576:
7572:
7563:
7561:
7548:
7547:
7543:
7534:
7532:
7519:
7518:
7514:
7505:
7503:
7490:
7489:
7485:
7476:
7474:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7447:
7445:
7432:
7431:
7427:
7418:
7416:
7403:
7402:
7398:
7389:
7387:
7374:
7373:
7369:
7360:
7358:
7345:
7344:
7340:
7331:
7329:
7316:
7315:
7306:
7297:
7295:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7268:
7266:
7253:
7252:
7248:
7239:
7237:
7224:
7223:
7219:
7210:
7208:
7195:
7194:
7190:
7181:
7179:
7166:
7165:
7161:
7152:
7150:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7123:
7121:
7108:
7107:
7103:
7094:
7092:
7079:
7078:
7074:
7065:
7063:
7050:
7049:
7045:
7036:
7034:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7007:
7005:
6992:
6991:
6987:
6978:
6976:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6949:
6947:
6938:
6937:
6933:
6925:
6914:
6908:
6904:
6895:
6893:
6880:
6879:
6875:
6866:
6864:
6851:
6850:
6843:
6835:
6824:
6818:
6809:
6800:
6798:
6785:
6784:
6780:
6771:
6769:
6756:
6755:
6751:
6742:
6740:
6725:
6721:
6712:
6710:
6697:
6696:
6692:
6683:
6681:
6668:
6667:
6663:
6654:
6652:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6629:
6627:
6623:
6612:
6608:
6607:
6603:
6594:
6592:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6565:
6563:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6536:
6534:
6521:
6520:
6516:
6507:
6505:
6492:
6491:
6484:
6475:
6473:
6460:
6459:
6455:
6446:
6444:
6431:
6430:
6426:
6417:
6415:
6406:
6405:
6401:
6392:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6371:
6362:
6360:
6347:
6346:
6342:
6333:
6331:
6320:
6316:
6307:
6305:
6292:
6291:
6284:
6275:
6273:
6263:
6259:
6250:
6248:
6235:
6234:
6230:
6221:
6219:
6209:
6205:
6186:
6182:
6173:
6171:
6158:
6157:
6148:
6139:
6137:
6124:
6123:
6119:
6110:
6108:
6095:
6094:
6087:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6061:
6057:
6056:
6052:
6043:
6041:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6014:
6012:
5999:
5998:
5994:
5985:
5983:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5955:
5954:
5950:
5941:
5939:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5912:
5910:
5897:
5896:
5889:
5880:
5878:
5863:
5850:
5843:
5839:
5830:
5828:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5806:
5804:
5789:
5785:
5773:
5767:
5760:
5751:
5749:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5722:
5720:
5709:
5705:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5678:
5676:
5661:
5657:
5648:
5646:
5631:
5627:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5601:
5595:
5591:
5582:
5580:
5567:
5566:
5557:
5548:
5546:
5531:
5527:
5518:
5516:
5505:
5501:
5492:
5490:
5477:
5476:
5472:
5463:
5461:
5448:
5447:
5443:
5434:
5432:
5423:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5392:
5390:
5381:
5380:
5376:
5367:
5365:
5355:
5351:
5342:
5340:
5330:
5326:
5317:
5315:
5300:
5291:
5282:
5280:
5267:
5266:
5255:
5246:
5244:
5231:
5230:
5226:
5217:
5215:
5202:
5201:
5190:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5148:
5146:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5127:
5125:
5115:
5111:
5102:
5100:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5073:
5071:
5061:
5057:
5048:
5046:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5019:
5017:
5007:
5003:
4994:
4992:
4982:
4978:
4971:
4967:
4958:
4956:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4934:
4932:
4922:
4918:
4909:
4907:
4898:
4897:
4893:
4884:
4882:
4867:
4856:
4847:
4845:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4820:
4803:
4794:
4792:
4783:
4782:
4773:
4764:
4762:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4712:
4708:
4693:
4689:
4680:
4678:
4668:
4647:
4638:
4636:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4608:
4599:
4597:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4570:
4568:
4553:
4549:
4542:
4533:
4521:
4515:
4511:
4496:10.2307/2750689
4484:Pacific Affairs
4473:
4469:
4460:
4458:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4433:
4429:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4403:
4397:
4358:
4349:
4347:
4340:Rede de Memória
4332:
4323:
4310:(53): 117–149.
4300:
4296:
4289:
4274:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4248:
4242:
4233:
4225:
4221:
4213:
4209:
4200:
4198:
4196:Descubra Nikkei
4188:
4184:
4175:
4173:
4160:
4159:
4142:
4133:
4131:
4118:
4117:
4110:
4101:
4099:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4077:
4075:
4060:
4043:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4020:
4016:
4009:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3981:
3968:
3967:
3954:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3923:
3921:
3908:Poubel, Mayra.
3906:
3897:
3888:
3886:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3859:
3857:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3830:
3828:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3805:
3803:
3795:
3794:
3790:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3767:
3765:
3758:ensaionb.com.br
3752:
3751:
3747:
3738:
3736:
3734:japao100.com.br
3728:
3727:
3723:
3714:
3712:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3691:
3687:
3678:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3657:
3630:
3599:Kentaro Takaoka
3497:
3422:
3295:
3118:
2809:
2635:Poliana Okimoto
2563:, softball and
2525:
2420:
2339:synthetic fiber
2320:
2268:poultry farming
2171:Israel Pinheiro
2095:acclimatization
2083:
2040:Mogi das Cruzes
2000:Northern Brazil
1926:
1861:
1777:
1772:
1707:
1529:Rio de Janeiro
1458:Proportions (%)
1448:Federation Unit
1332:Aureliano Leite
1250:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1109:To live in the
1086:Banco do Brasil
1038:
1032:
993:Banco do Brasil
918:
911:
904:
895:
892:
883:
880:
871:
868:
813:
806:
803:
794:
791:
782:
779:
770:
767:
714:
645:
639:
588:
586:Pre-immigration
446:plenipotentiary
419:
362:The end of the
323:
318:
225:
177:
174:
165:
162:
153:
150:
141:
138:
127:
124:
115:
112:
103:
100:
91:
88:
77:
74:
65:
62:
53:
50:
41:
38:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10118:
10108:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10077:
10076:
10064:
10041:
10040:
10038:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10026:
10025:
10015:
10010:
10005:
9999:
9997:
9996:Related topics
9993:
9992:
9989:
9988:
9985:
9984:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9946:
9940:
9938:
9934:
9933:
9931:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9889:
9887:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9858:
9856:
9852:
9851:
9849:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9832:
9830:
9826:
9825:
9823:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9791:
9789:
9782:
9776:
9775:
9773:
9772:
9766:
9764:
9757:
9751:
9750:
9747:
9746:
9743:
9742:
9740:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9723:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9697:
9691:
9689:
9685:
9684:
9682:
9681:
9675:
9673:
9669:
9668:
9666:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9644:
9642:
9638:
9637:
9635:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9613:
9612:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9586:
9584:
9577:
9571:
9570:
9568:
9567:
9560:
9558:
9551:
9545:
9544:
9541:
9540:
9538:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9502:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9481:
9479:
9473:
9472:
9470:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9438:
9436:
9430:
9429:
9427:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9405:
9403:
9397:
9396:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9383:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9365:
9355:
9353:
9346:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9338:
9335:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9317:
9315:
9310:
9309:
9307:
9306:
9300:
9298:
9293:
9292:
9290:
9289:
9288:
9287:
9275:
9269:
9267:
9260:
9254:
9253:
9251:
9250:
9249:
9248:
9241:
9240:
9239:
9232:
9231:
9230:
9216:
9209:
9208:
9207:
9205:Amazonian Jews
9202:
9181:
9163:
9158:
9150:
9148:
9140:
9139:
9121:
9120:
9113:
9106:
9098:
9092:
9091:
9086:
9079:
9078:External links
9076:
9075:
9074:
9065:
9056:
9047:
9038:
9029:
9020:
9011:
9002:
8998:Corações Sujos
8993:
8984:
8975:
8966:
8960:
8947:
8938:
8932:
8919:
8910:
8896:
8881:
8870:
8867:
8864:
8863:
8834:
8805:
8780:
8751:
8726:
8701:
8683:
8663:
8660:on 2013-02-04.
8635:
8610:
8585:
8560:
8532:
8507:
8478:
8453:
8428:
8425:on 2014-03-28.
8416:Revista da APM
8400:
8375:
8346:
8343:on 2013-03-31.
8324:
8299:
8270:
8245:
8216:
8191:
8162:
8147:
8119:
8090:
8079:
8050:
8012:
7983:
7954:
7925:
7888:
7863:
7833:
7794:
7764:
7730:
7696:
7674:
7653:
7628:
7599:
7570:
7541:
7512:
7483:
7454:
7425:
7396:
7367:
7338:
7304:
7275:
7246:
7217:
7188:
7159:
7130:
7101:
7072:
7056:Torcedores.com
7043:
7014:
6985:
6956:
6931:
6928:on 2014-07-14.
6902:
6873:
6841:
6838:on 2014-05-04.
6807:
6791:Gazeta do Povo
6778:
6749:
6719:
6690:
6661:
6636:
6601:
6572:
6543:
6514:
6482:
6453:
6437:Gazeta do Povo
6424:
6399:
6369:
6340:
6314:
6282:
6257:
6228:
6203:
6180:
6146:
6117:
6085:
6050:
6021:
5992:
5976:Nippo no campo
5963:
5948:
5919:
5887:
5848:
5837:
5813:
5783:
5758:
5729:
5703:
5685:
5655:
5625:
5589:
5555:
5525:
5499:
5470:
5441:
5413:
5399:
5374:
5363:Agência Brasil
5349:
5324:
5289:
5253:
5224:
5188:
5169:
5155:
5134:
5123:Portal Geledés
5109:
5080:
5055:
5039:Gazeta do Povo
5026:
5015:Gazeta do Povo
5001:
4976:
4965:
4941:
4916:
4891:
4854:
4825:
4801:
4771:
4755:Movimento Afro
4739:
4726:(57): 99–117.
4706:
4687:
4645:
4617:
4606:
4577:
4547:
4531:
4509:
4476:Normano, J. F.
4467:
4442:
4427:
4356:
4321:
4294:
4272:
4231:
4219:
4207:
4182:
4140:
4108:
4084:
4041:
4014:
4007:
4001:. IBGE. 2008.
3990:
3952:
3949:on 2023-06-14.
3930:
3895:
3866:
3837:
3812:
3788:
3774:
3745:
3721:
3697:
3685:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3626:
3496:
3493:
3421:
3418:
3294:
3291:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3218:Grandchildren
3216:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3117:
3114:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3030:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2884:Grandchildren
2881:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2844:Japanese born
2841:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2808:
2805:
2674:Chess Olympics
2651:Tatiane Sakemi
2615:Tetsuo Okamoto
2585:Felipe Kitadai
2524:
2521:
2437:Gazeta do Povo
2419:
2416:
2335:Susumo Itimura
2319:
2316:
2235:Espírito Santo
2212:Santa Catarina
2082:
2079:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1917:Geração Brasil
1879:Daniele Suzuki
1860:
1857:
1809:Shinto temples
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:Social aspects
1768:
1706:
1703:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1267:At this time,
1249:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1198:
1034:Main article:
1031:
1028:
985:Getúlio Vargas
917:
914:
913:
912:
905:
898:
896:
893:
886:
884:
881:
874:
872:
869:
862:
812:
809:
808:
807:
804:
797:
795:
792:
785:
783:
780:
773:
771:
768:
761:
713:
710:
657:port of Santos
641:Main article:
638:
635:
587:
584:
536:Legal Medicine
532:Nina Rodrigues
505:Santa Catarina
503:, Senator for
418:
415:
411:Russian Empire
322:
319:
317:
314:
228:
227:
218:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
203:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
168:
166:
164:Fernanda Takai
163:
156:
154:
151:
144:
142:
140:Paulo Nagamura
139:
132:
129:
128:
126:Daniele Suzuki
125:
118:
116:
114:Yudi Tamashiro
113:
106:
104:
101:
94:
92:
89:
82:
79:
78:
75:
68:
66:
63:
56:
54:
51:
44:
42:
39:
32:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10117:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10091:
10088:
10087:
10085:
10075:
10065:
10063:
10053:
10052:
10049:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10024:
10021:
10020:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9998:
9994:
9976:
9975:Luxembourgian
9973:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9963:
9961:
9958:
9955:
9951:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9941:
9939:
9935:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9890:
9888:
9884:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9859:
9857:
9853:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9833:
9831:
9827:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9783:
9777:
9771:
9768:
9767:
9765:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9752:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9721:
9718:
9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9702:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9692:
9690:
9686:
9680:
9677:
9676:
9674:
9670:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9645:
9643:
9639:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9591:
9588:
9587:
9585:
9581:
9578:
9572:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9559:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9546:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9526:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9503:
9501:
9498:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9482:
9480:
9478:
9477:South America
9474:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9439:
9437:
9435:
9431:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9402:
9398:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9370:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9360:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9352:North America
9350:
9347:
9343:
9337:
9336:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9311:
9305:
9302:
9301:
9299:
9294:
9286:
9283:
9282:
9281:
9280:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9264:
9261:
9259:
9255:
9247:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9228:
9224:
9223:
9222:
9221:
9217:
9215:
9214:
9210:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9200:
9196:
9195:
9194:
9193:
9189:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9182:
9180:
9179:
9175:
9174:
9173:
9172:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9156:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9145:
9141:
9137:
9133:
9119:
9114:
9112:
9107:
9105:
9100:
9099:
9096:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9081:
9071:
9066:
9062:
9057:
9053:
9048:
9044:
9039:
9035:
9030:
9026:
9021:
9017:
9012:
9008:
9003:
8999:
8994:
8990:
8985:
8981:
8976:
8972:
8967:
8963:
8961:9788528302608
8957:
8953:
8948:
8944:
8939:
8935:
8933:85-98292-81-8
8929:
8925:
8920:
8916:
8911:
8907:
8903:
8899:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8882:
8878:
8873:
8872:
8853:on 2014-07-07
8852:
8848:
8844:
8838:
8824:on 2012-06-07
8823:
8819:
8815:
8809:
8795:on 2014-03-20
8794:
8790:
8784:
8770:on 2010-08-04
8769:
8765:
8761:
8755:
8741:on 2014-08-19
8740:
8736:
8730:
8716:on 2013-04-05
8715:
8711:
8705:
8691:on 2014-08-19
8690:
8686:
8680:
8676:
8675:
8667:
8656:
8652:
8645:
8639:
8625:on 2014-08-14
8624:
8620:
8614:
8600:on 2014-08-14
8599:
8595:
8589:
8575:on 2014-08-14
8574:
8570:
8564:
8550:on 2014-08-14
8549:
8545:
8539:
8537:
8522:on 2014-08-14
8521:
8517:
8511:
8497:on 2013-08-13
8496:
8492:
8488:
8482:
8468:on 2013-08-05
8467:
8463:
8457:
8443:on 2014-07-04
8442:
8438:
8432:
8421:
8417:
8410:
8404:
8390:on 2013-04-08
8389:
8385:
8379:
8365:on 2014-02-13
8364:
8360:
8356:
8350:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8328:
8314:on 2014-02-01
8313:
8309:
8303:
8289:on 2011-09-16
8288:
8284:
8280:
8274:
8260:on 2014-11-05
8259:
8255:
8249:
8235:on 2014-02-01
8234:
8230:
8226:
8220:
8206:on 2014-02-01
8205:
8201:
8195:
8181:on 2013-11-10
8180:
8176:
8172:
8166:
8158:
8151:
8137:on 2014-07-28
8136:
8132:
8126:
8124:
8109:on 2014-02-09
8108:
8104:
8100:
8094:
8088:
8083:
8069:on 2014-11-02
8068:
8064:
8060:
8054:
8040:on 2014-10-18
8036:
8029:
8023:
8021:
8019:
8017:
8002:on 2014-04-28
8001:
7997:
7993:
7987:
7973:on 2014-02-09
7972:
7968:
7964:
7958:
7944:on 2014-05-31
7943:
7939:
7935:
7929:
7915:on 2013-12-22
7914:
7910:
7906:
7899:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7884:
7877:
7870:
7868:
7853:on 2018-06-04
7852:
7848:
7844:
7837:
7823:on 2014-02-01
7819:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7799:
7784:on 2009-07-20
7783:
7779:
7775:
7768:
7754:on 2014-10-19
7753:
7749:
7745:
7741:
7734:
7720:on 2014-01-02
7719:
7715:
7711:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7692:
7685:
7678:
7671:. 2008-06-16.
7670:
7666:
7660:
7658:
7649:
7645:
7641:
7635:
7633:
7618:on 2014-11-11
7617:
7613:
7609:
7603:
7589:on 2014-11-11
7588:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7560:on 2013-12-03
7559:
7555:
7551:
7545:
7531:on 2014-11-11
7530:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7502:on 2014-11-11
7501:
7497:
7493:
7487:
7473:on 2014-11-05
7472:
7468:
7464:
7458:
7444:on 2012-10-19
7443:
7439:
7435:
7429:
7415:on 2014-08-19
7414:
7410:
7406:
7400:
7386:on 2014-08-19
7385:
7381:
7377:
7371:
7357:on 2014-07-19
7356:
7352:
7348:
7342:
7328:on 2014-11-02
7327:
7323:
7319:
7313:
7311:
7309:
7294:on 2014-10-26
7293:
7289:
7285:
7279:
7265:on 2014-11-02
7264:
7260:
7256:
7250:
7236:on 2014-04-07
7235:
7231:
7227:
7221:
7207:on 2014-11-02
7206:
7202:
7201:Best Swimming
7198:
7192:
7178:on 2014-07-14
7177:
7173:
7169:
7163:
7149:on 2014-11-04
7148:
7144:
7140:
7134:
7120:on 2012-05-05
7119:
7115:
7111:
7105:
7091:on 2014-11-04
7090:
7086:
7082:
7076:
7062:on 2014-11-04
7061:
7057:
7053:
7047:
7033:on 2013-12-16
7032:
7028:
7024:
7018:
7004:on 2008-03-11
7003:
6999:
6995:
6989:
6975:on 2013-06-02
6974:
6970:
6966:
6960:
6946:on 2010-11-24
6945:
6941:
6935:
6924:
6920:
6913:
6906:
6892:on 2012-11-20
6891:
6887:
6886:Made in Japan
6883:
6877:
6863:on 2014-07-11
6862:
6858:
6854:
6848:
6846:
6834:
6830:
6823:
6816:
6814:
6812:
6797:on 2014-05-04
6796:
6792:
6788:
6782:
6768:on 2020-07-16
6767:
6763:
6759:
6753:
6739:on 2012-12-19
6738:
6734:
6730:
6723:
6709:on 2015-01-24
6708:
6704:
6700:
6694:
6680:on 2014-08-31
6679:
6675:
6671:
6665:
6651:on 2015-01-24
6650:
6646:
6640:
6626:on 2015-01-24
6622:
6618:
6611:
6605:
6591:on 2014-04-30
6590:
6586:
6582:
6576:
6562:on 2014-05-02
6561:
6557:
6553:
6547:
6533:on 2009-01-23
6532:
6528:
6524:
6518:
6504:on 2014-04-30
6503:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6487:
6472:on 2009-07-31
6471:
6467:
6463:
6457:
6443:on 2015-02-13
6442:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6414:on 2009-02-07
6413:
6409:
6403:
6389:on 2019-01-26
6388:
6384:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6359:on 2014-12-26
6358:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6330:on 2014-12-26
6329:
6325:
6318:
6304:on 2014-12-26
6303:
6299:
6295:
6289:
6287:
6272:
6268:
6261:
6247:on 2010-12-30
6246:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6218:
6214:
6207:
6200:(3): 453–465.
6199:
6195:
6191:
6184:
6170:on 2012-03-19
6169:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6153:
6151:
6136:on 2008-05-01
6135:
6131:
6127:
6121:
6107:on 2012-04-21
6106:
6102:
6098:
6092:
6090:
6075:on 2015-02-14
6071:
6067:
6060:
6054:
6040:on 2015-02-14
6039:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6011:on 2008-04-22
6010:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5982:on 2008-12-01
5981:
5977:
5973:
5967:
5959:
5952:
5938:on 2013-12-10
5937:
5933:
5929:
5923:
5909:on 2009-08-10
5908:
5904:
5900:
5894:
5892:
5877:on 2015-01-24
5876:
5872:
5868:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5846:
5841:
5827:
5823:
5817:
5803:on 2008-05-10
5802:
5798:
5794:
5787:
5779:
5772:
5765:
5763:
5748:on 2012-11-19
5747:
5743:
5742:Made in Japan
5739:
5733:
5719:on 2017-08-13
5718:
5714:
5707:
5699:
5695:
5689:
5675:on 2018-06-18
5674:
5670:
5666:
5659:
5645:on 2018-06-12
5644:
5640:
5636:
5629:
5615:on 2018-06-12
5611:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5579:on 2020-06-30
5578:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5545:on 2018-06-12
5544:
5540:
5536:
5529:
5515:on 2019-12-22
5514:
5510:
5503:
5489:on 2014-07-03
5488:
5484:
5483:Made in Japan
5480:
5474:
5460:on 2014-06-30
5459:
5455:
5451:
5445:
5430:
5426:
5420:
5418:
5411:
5406:
5404:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5364:
5360:
5353:
5339:
5335:
5328:
5314:on 2014-04-28
5313:
5309:
5308:Made in Japan
5305:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5279:on 2013-08-21
5278:
5274:
5273:Made in Japan
5270:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5243:on 2014-03-22
5242:
5238:
5237:Made in Japan
5234:
5228:
5214:on 2013-08-20
5213:
5209:
5208:Made in Japan
5205:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5193:
5185:. IBGE. 2007.
5181:
5180:
5173:
5167:
5166:Morais (2000)
5162:
5160:
5144:
5138:
5124:
5120:
5113:
5099:on 2012-11-20
5098:
5094:
5093:Made in Japan
5090:
5084:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5045:on 2020-11-24
5044:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5016:
5012:
5005:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4974:
4969:
4955:
4951:
4945:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4905:
4901:
4895:
4881:on 2014-04-28
4880:
4876:
4872:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4859:
4844:on 2014-04-14
4843:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4822:Lesser (2001)
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4761:on 2007-08-08
4760:
4756:
4752:
4746:
4744:
4734:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4702:
4698:
4691:
4677:
4676:Camara.gov.br
4673:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4622:
4615:
4610:
4596:on 2008-09-19
4595:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4567:on 2014-06-27
4566:
4562:
4558:
4551:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4438:
4431:
4417:on 2014-09-07
4413:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4346:on 2014-05-21
4345:
4341:
4337:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4262:on 2009-07-31
4258:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4223:
4216:
4211:
4197:
4193:
4186:
4172:on 2014-02-03
4171:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4130:on 2009-05-29
4129:
4125:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4074:on 2013-03-31
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4027:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4008:9788524040146
4004:
4000:
3994:
3980:on 2020-09-27
3979:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3920:on 2013-04-26
3919:
3915:
3911:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3885:on 2014-08-19
3884:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3856:on 2014-02-26
3855:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3784:
3778:
3764:on 2009-05-14
3763:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3711:
3710:Catraca Livre
3707:
3701:
3694:
3693:Virgílio 2002
3689:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3644:Shindo Renmei
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3595:Seigo Tsuzuki
3590:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3523:In 1959, the
3521:
3519:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3501:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3450:beatification
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3410:Luiz Gushiken
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3394:Seigo Tsuzuki
3391:
3387:
3386:Shigeaki Ueki
3383:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3308:Shindo Renmei
3299:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3242:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3148:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3116:Miscegenation
3113:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2929:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2812:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2713:Sérgio Echigo
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2682:Alexandr Fier
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2429:
2424:
2415:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:Fruit picking
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:cooperativism
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2091:plasticulture
2088:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1968:Other states
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1786:
1781:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1512:Minas Gerais
1511:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1453:Absolute data
1449:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:João Amazonas
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1294:Shindo Renmei
1291:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1279:Shindo Renmei
1276:
1272:
1271:
1270:Shindo Renmei
1265:
1258:
1254:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:
974:
972:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
947:
941:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
909:
902:
897:
890:
885:
878:
873:
866:
861:
860:
859:
857:
853:
847:
843:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
817:
801:
796:
789:
784:
777:
772:
765:
760:
759:
758:
756:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
732:
723:
718:
709:
707:
704:, arrived in
703:
697:
694:
688:
686:
681:
678:
670:
665:
661:
658:
654:
650:
644:
634:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:Saburo Kumabe
606:
604:
599:
597:
596:Florianópolis
593:
592:Wakamiya Maru
583:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
561:
557:
555:
551:
547:
546:
539:
537:
534:, creator of
533:
529:
525:
521:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
490:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
458:
453:
451:
447:
442:
437:
435:
427:
423:
414:
412:
408:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
353:
348:
340:
335:
327:
313:
311:
310:
305:
304:
299:
298:
293:
292:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
267:
265:
261:
257:
256:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:
234:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
172:
167:
160:
155:
148:
143:
136:
131:
130:
122:
117:
110:
105:
98:
93:
86:
81:
80:
72:
67:
60:
55:
52:Mitsuyo Maeda
48:
43:
36:
31:
30:
26:
10008:Colonization
9877:Scandinavian
9763:By ethnicity
9653:East Indians
9610:in São Paulo
9566:(East Asian)
9557:By ethnicity
9369:Confederados
9367:
9296:West Africa
9277:
9266:By ethnicity
9243:
9235:
9226:
9219:
9212:
9197:
9190:
9184:
9177:
9169:
9153:
9069:
9060:
9051:
9042:
9033:
9024:
9015:
9006:
8997:
8988:
8979:
8970:
8951:
8942:
8923:
8914:
8886:
8876:
8869:Bibliography
8855:. Retrieved
8851:the original
8846:
8837:
8826:. Retrieved
8822:the original
8817:
8814:"Içami Tiba"
8808:
8797:. Retrieved
8793:the original
8783:
8772:. Retrieved
8768:the original
8763:
8754:
8743:. Retrieved
8739:the original
8729:
8718:. Retrieved
8714:the original
8704:
8693:. Retrieved
8689:the original
8673:
8666:
8655:the original
8650:
8638:
8627:. Retrieved
8623:the original
8613:
8602:. Retrieved
8598:the original
8588:
8577:. Retrieved
8573:the original
8563:
8552:. Retrieved
8548:the original
8524:. Retrieved
8520:the original
8510:
8499:. Retrieved
8495:the original
8490:
8481:
8470:. Retrieved
8466:the original
8456:
8445:. Retrieved
8441:the original
8431:
8420:the original
8415:
8403:
8392:. Retrieved
8388:the original
8378:
8367:. Retrieved
8363:the original
8358:
8349:
8341:the original
8336:
8327:
8316:. Retrieved
8312:the original
8302:
8291:. Retrieved
8287:the original
8282:
8273:
8262:. Retrieved
8258:the original
8248:
8237:. Retrieved
8233:the original
8228:
8219:
8208:. Retrieved
8204:the original
8194:
8183:. Retrieved
8179:the original
8174:
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8150:
8139:. Retrieved
8135:the original
8111:. Retrieved
8107:the original
8102:
8093:
8082:
8071:. Retrieved
8067:the original
8062:
8053:
8042:. Retrieved
8035:the original
8004:. Retrieved
8000:the original
7995:
7992:"Os yonseis"
7986:
7975:. Retrieved
7971:the original
7966:
7957:
7946:. Retrieved
7942:the original
7937:
7928:
7917:. Retrieved
7913:the original
7908:
7882:
7855:. Retrieved
7851:the original
7846:
7836:
7825:. Retrieved
7818:the original
7813:
7786:. Retrieved
7782:the original
7777:
7767:
7756:. Retrieved
7752:the original
7747:
7743:
7733:
7722:. Retrieved
7718:the original
7713:
7690:
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7647:
7643:
7620:. Retrieved
7616:the original
7611:
7602:
7591:. Retrieved
7587:the original
7582:
7573:
7562:. Retrieved
7558:the original
7553:
7544:
7533:. Retrieved
7529:the original
7524:
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7258:
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6919:PUC-Brasilia
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6674:Vale da Seda
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6527:Nippo-Brasil
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5431:. 2008-06-16
5428:
5391:. Retrieved
5389:. 2014-10-28
5386:
5377:
5366:. Retrieved
5362:
5352:
5341:. Retrieved
5337:
5327:
5316:. Retrieved
5312:the original
5307:
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5281:. Retrieved
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5245:. Retrieved
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5236:
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5216:. Retrieved
5212:the original
5207:
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5145:. 2020-08-08
5137:
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5068:
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5038:
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4989:
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4973:Dezem (2005)
4968:
4957:. Retrieved
4953:
4944:
4933:. Retrieved
4929:
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4908:. Retrieved
4906:. 2007-05-25
4903:
4894:
4883:. Retrieved
4879:the original
4874:
4871:"Os nisseis"
4846:. Retrieved
4842:the original
4837:
4828:
4793:. Retrieved
4791:. 2008-04-30
4788:
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4759:the original
4754:
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4565:the original
4560:
4550:
4544:Daigo (2008)
4525:
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4490:(1): 42–61.
4487:
4483:
4470:
4459:. Retrieved
4457:. 2018-07-12
4454:
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4412:the original
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3858:. Retrieved
3854:the original
3849:
3840:
3829:. Retrieved
3827:. 2011-07-22
3824:
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3804:. Retrieved
3800:
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3762:the original
3757:
3748:
3737:. Retrieved
3733:
3724:
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3709:
3700:
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3688:
3677:. Retrieved
3675:. March 2007
3672:
3663:
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3602:
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3571:Beneficência
3570:
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3034:Nationality
3021:
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2997:
2993:
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2295:region. The
2289:
2280:
2272:Festa do Ovo
2271:
2265:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2228:
2224:
2205:
2195:
2182:
2179:Riacho Fundo
2159:
2154:
2153:stated that
2145:
2143:
2138:
2115:
2084:
2075:
2070:
2048:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2008:
2004:Central-West
1992:
1984:
1924:Demographics
1915:
1903:Sol Nascente
1901:
1895:
1889:
1882:
1873:
1870:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1811:. There are
1802:
1798:
1790:
1785:Tomie Ohtake
1760:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1714:Japan Square
1687:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1648:
1640:
1634:
1631:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1402:
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1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1345:casting vote
1311:
1305:
1302:
1293:
1290:Osvaldo Cruz
1287:
1283:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1191:
1185:
1178:David Nasser
1169:
1159:
1157:
1132:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1042:World War II
1039:
1036:World War II
1030:World War II
1023:
1018:
1009:
1004:
1001:
979:
976:
968:
955:
942:
926:Miguel Couto
919:
907:
856:black pepper
848:
844:
837:
832:
828:
822:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
727:
701:
699:
692:
690:
682:
676:
674:
668:
653:port of Kobe
648:
646:
607:
600:
591:
589:
579:
573:
568:
562:
558:
543:
540:
527:
522:
501:Luís Delfino
494:
481:
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454:
438:
431:
403:
399:World War II
384:
380:
376:
363:
361:
350:
344:
307:
301:
295:
289:
285:
283:
268:
263:
253:
251:
246:
237:
232:
231:
221:Predominant
102:Juliana Imai
90:Sabrina Sato
64:Tomie Ohtake
40:Juniti Saito
19:Ethnic group
10023:from Europe
10018:Immigration
10013:Slave trade
9779:By country
9715:Palestinian
9648:Bangladeshi
9574:By country
9442:Costa Rican
9279:quilombolas
7967:NippoBrasil
7496:Corinthians
7114:PortalJapão
6164:Hortibrasil
4439:(8): 15–21.
4308:Revista USP
4253:Revista USP
4215:Daigo (2008
4064:"Os isseis"
3547:José Sarney
3340:Mato Grosso
3332:Jorge Yanai
3315:Estado Novo
3281:community.
3180:Immigrants
3167:Portuguese
3156:Proportion
3150:Generation
3037:Percentage
2819:Generation
2609:Hugo Hoyama
2577:Luiz Onmura
2220:São Joaquim
2130:green belts
2087:hydroponics
2025:to Brazil.
1960:Pernambuco
1722:Collor Plan
1716:, Curitiba.
1478:Pernambuco
1324:Jorge Amado
1192:Estado Novo
1182:Jean Marzon
1176:. In 1945,
980:Estado Novo
934:Artur Neiva
825:World War I
702:Ryojun Maru
669:Kasato Maru
649:Kasato Maru
643:Kasato Maru
580:A República
372:land reform
264:Nippon Maru
255:Kasato Maru
223:Catholicism
76:Hugo Hoyama
10084:Categories
10030:Emigration
9918:Portuguese
9913:Macedonian
9872:Lithuanian
9836:Belarusian
9632:Vietnamese
9600:Indonesian
9535:Venezuelan
9525:Surinamese
9515:Paraguayan
9505:Ecuadorian
9467:Salvadoran
9462:Panamanian
9457:Nicaraguan
9447:Guatemalan
9166:Mixed-race
9155:Brazilians
8954:. PUC-SP.
8897:8585541415
8890:. UNIMEP.
8857:2014-08-12
8828:2014-04-19
8799:2014-04-20
8774:2014-07-21
8745:2014-08-18
8720:2014-08-18
8695:2014-08-18
8629:2014-08-13
8604:2014-08-13
8579:2014-08-13
8554:2014-08-13
8526:2014-08-13
8501:2014-08-13
8472:2014-07-21
8447:2014-07-21
8394:2014-07-21
8369:2014-07-21
8355:"Hospital"
8318:2014-01-26
8293:2014-11-04
8264:2014-11-04
8239:2014-02-01
8210:2014-02-01
8185:2014-02-01
8159:. Fragata.
8141:2014-07-21
8113:2014-10-18
8073:2014-11-02
8044:2014-10-18
8006:2014-05-24
7977:2014-05-31
7948:2014-05-30
7919:2014-05-31
7857:2020-07-21
7827:2014-01-19
7788:2014-10-19
7758:2014-10-19
7724:2008-09-04
7650:(1). 2006.
7622:2014-11-10
7593:2014-11-10
7564:2014-11-10
7554:Diario Web
7535:2014-11-10
7506:2014-11-10
7477:2014-11-04
7448:2014-11-04
7419:2014-11-04
7409:BrasilBase
7390:2014-11-04
7380:BrasilBase
7361:2014-11-04
7332:2014-11-04
7322:BrasilBase
7298:2014-11-04
7288:BrasilBase
7269:2014-11-02
7240:2013-04-10
7211:2013-04-10
7182:2013-04-10
7153:2014-11-04
7124:2014-10-25
7095:2014-11-04
7066:2014-11-04
7037:2014-04-21
7008:2009-06-05
6979:2009-06-05
6950:2014-10-25
6896:2014-05-25
6867:2014-07-11
6801:2014-05-04
6772:2020-07-16
6743:2015-01-24
6713:2015-01-24
6684:2015-01-24
6655:2015-01-24
6630:2015-01-24
6595:2014-04-30
6566:2014-04-30
6537:2014-04-30
6508:2014-04-30
6476:2014-01-30
6466:UraiOnline
6447:2015-02-13
6418:2020-01-11
6393:2020-01-11
6363:2014-12-26
6334:2014-12-26
6308:2014-12-26
6276:2014-12-26
6251:2009-11-02
6222:2009-12-07
6174:2015-01-12
6140:2015-02-17
6111:2015-02-17
6079:2015-02-13
6044:2015-02-13
6015:2015-02-13
5986:2015-01-12
5942:2012-12-09
5913:2009-09-27
5881:2015-01-24
5831:2023-07-13
5807:2008-09-04
5752:2014-05-25
5723:2015-05-23
5679:2016-08-08
5649:2016-08-08
5619:2016-08-08
5583:2016-08-08
5549:2016-08-08
5519:2016-08-08
5493:2014-08-17
5464:2009-06-05
5435:2023-07-13
5393:2023-07-13
5368:2023-07-13
5343:2023-07-13
5318:2014-05-17
5283:2014-03-22
5247:2014-03-22
5218:2014-03-22
5149:2023-07-13
5128:2022-05-20
5103:2008-09-04
5074:2021-01-27
5049:2021-01-27
5020:2022-05-24
4995:2023-07-12
4959:2023-07-13
4935:2020-09-05
4910:2020-09-05
4885:2014-05-17
4848:2014-09-07
4795:2023-07-12
4765:2008-09-10
4681:2014-03-02
4639:2023-07-12
4600:2014-08-31
4571:2008-06-01
4461:2023-07-12
4421:2008-08-17
4350:2008-08-22
4266:2014-04-20
4201:2023-07-12
4176:2008-08-17
4134:2008-08-22
4102:2023-07-12
4078:2014-04-27
4035:2016-11-17
3984:2023-07-17
3924:2012-06-18
3914:InfoEscola
3889:2008-09-02
3860:2008-09-02
3831:2018-05-15
3806:2014-02-01
3768:2014-05-18
3739:2014-05-18
3715:2014-05-18
3679:2014-05-18
3655:References
3618:Içami Tiba
3587:Ananindeua
3471:appointed
3396:, who was
3376:The first
3123:gaikokujin
3074:Austrians
2989:koronia-go
2839:Very High
2757:title for
2751:, won the
2745:carretilha
2676:. Another
2647:Diogo Yabe
2561:urban golf
2547:, karate,
2391:D. Pedro I
2372:Mitsubishi
2367:koutakusei
2191:Planaltina
2187:Taguatinga
2111:strawberry
2103:fuji apple
2051:Pernambuco
1979:1 405 685
1944:São Paulo
1908:yellowface
1892:Rede Globo
1842:caipirinha
1563:São Paulo
1187:O Cruzeiro
1005:nihongakus
946:Portuguese
731:Portuguese
693:Hospedaria
565:Ryo Mizuno
426:Ryo Mizuno
370:. Despite
347:Edo period
9948:British (
9893:Bulgarian
9846:Ukrainian
9810:Hungarian
9781:or region
9658:Pakistani
9622:Malaysian
9576:or region
9530:Uruguayan
9500:Colombian
9485:Argentine
9409:Barbadian
9401:Caribbean
9375:New Texas
9363:Americana
9326:Congolese
9199:mamelucos
8973:. Macuco.
8764:Folha.com
7710:"Japonês"
6585:bunkyonet
6556:bunkyonet
5826:A Crítica
5797:Radiobras
3567:Guarulhos
3434:Buddhists
3404:. During
3358:Junji Abe
3199:Children
3164:Japanese
3159:Mestizos
3090:Italians
3058:Russians
3042:Japanese
2934:nihongaku
2864:Children
2807:Languages
2781:Venezuela
2759:São Paulo
2721:dribbling
2466:Datafolha
2428:Apucarana
2418:Education
2355:Parintins
2301:Me-Kajike
2208:Argentina
2169:director
2099:persimmon
1912:blackface
1853:sakerinha
1837:soy sauce
1764:Filipinos
1736:Hamamatsu
1636:cruzeiros
1403:1955–1959
1398:1950–1954
1393:1945–1949
1388:1934–1944
1383:1924–1933
1378:1914–1923
1373:1904–1913
1368:1894–1903
1363:1884–1893
1257:Liberdade
1174:human zoo
1149:Mussolini
1106:A Tribuna
950:Spaniards
829:kôtakusei
614:Kagoshima
563:In 1906,
448:minister
434:workforce
368:Meiji era
271:São Paulo
206:Languages
9954:Scottish
9923:Romanian
9898:Croatian
9886:Southern
9862:Estonian
9855:Northern
9795:Austrian
9710:Lebanese
9695:Armenian
9641:Southern
9605:Japanese
9595:Filipino
9520:Peruvian
9510:Guyanese
9490:Bolivian
9452:Honduran
9424:Jamaican
9387:Canadian
9345:Americas
9304:Nigerian
9227:caiçaras
9192:caboclos
9171:mestiços
9072:. Átomo.
9036:. FEUSP.
8991:. UNESP.
8906:71190138
8879:. IMESP.
7909:Japão100
7608:"Nelson"
6194:Unisinos
4478:(1934).
4408:Íntegras
3628:See also
3543:Fumihito
3517:Dōjinkai
3446:Nagasaki
3420:Religion
3371:Usiminas
3293:Politics
3082:Spanish
3011:and the
2981:banheiro
2973:lexicons
2833:Regular
2777:Portugal
2741:lambreta
2725:elástico
2723:called "
2549:gateball
2509:Londrina
2403:Katakakê
2384:Amazonas
2380:Sumitomo
2284:mangrove
2254:Le Monde
2243:fusarium
2231:Tomé-Açu
2059:Londrina
2023:dekasegi
1971:489 898
1955:143 588
1947:693 495
1814:yakisoba
1805:porticos
1748:Kanagawa
1744:Shizuoka
1728:dekasegi
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