2552:
2526:
2500:
2474:
2447:
2411:
2325:
2299:
2227:
2201:
2174:
2138:
2052:
2026:
2000:
1974:
1947:
1909:
1676:
1650:
1623:
1587:
1478:
1452:
1425:
1389:
1257:
1231:
1204:
1168:
1082:
1056:
1029:
993:
820:
793:
707:
680:
354:, Holzapfel was appointed to fill her seat and took office on August 15, 1994. He was subsequently reelected in the 1994 special election and the regular biennial elections thereafter. He was the Deputy Republican Leader from 2002 to 2003 and was the Assistant Majority
2812:, February 11, 2011. Accessed January 9, 2012. "Republican Andrew Ciesla says he will not seek re-election in November after nearly 20 years in the New Jersey Senate.Ciesla announced Thursday he'll support Assemblyman James Holzapfel to succeed him."
4004:
3004:
2912:
3040:
3184:
3220:
3148:
3076:
3112:
370:
announced in
February 2011 that he would support Holzapfel as his successor. In the November 2011, Holzapfel defeated Democrat Charles Tivenan by a 64%-36% margin.
4014:
2883:
4034:
4009:
4029:
3482:
2854:
4024:
3281:
4049:
3051:
3015:
4019:
938:
3195:
4044:
2976:
2948:
2923:
3435:
3398:
267:
92:
41:
3231:
4039:
740:
3159:
3961:
3938:
3929:
3475:
3123:
3087:
2787:
3994:
3821:
303:
220:
331:
3704:
2765:
2260:
2237:
2755:
3468:
2890:
2632:
2607:
2484:
2458:
2423:
2385:
2211:
2185:
2150:
2112:
1984:
1958:
1921:
1885:
1825:
1807:
1782:
1754:
1686:
1660:
1634:
1599:
1561:
1462:
1436:
1401:
1363:
1290:
1267:
1241:
1215:
1180:
1142:
1066:
1040:
1005:
967:
900:
875:
804:
769:
691:
656:
615:
582:
557:
523:
490:
465:
287:
283:
259:
169:
159:
2822:
New Jersey State
Constitution 1947 (Updated Through Amendments Adopted in November, 2020): Article IV, Section II
2803:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
2650:
2536:
2510:
2309:
2283:
2036:
2010:
3502:
407:
379:
3999:
3951:
3431:
3414:
2719:
403:
271:
86:
627:
3632:
3812:
3533:
327:
323:
263:
326:
Prosecutor from 1987 to 1992. Holzapfel has been admitted to practice law since 1969 before the
3989:
3946:
3321:
2841:
2837:
2825:
2723:
307:
195:
2757:
Manual of the
Legislature of New Jersey - Two Hundred and Eleventh Legislature (First Session)
335:
3256:
3984:
3569:
319:
310:. He is married to Joyce Holzapfel (nÊe Holden) and has two children, Dennis and Jennifer.
8:
3677:
3668:
3452:
1488:
425:
295:
211:
128:
3857:
3830:
3713:
3423:
3368:
3317:
2788:
https://web.archive.org/web/19970205122033/http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/html/holzap.htm
2739:
351:
347:
243:
116:
366:
Having announced that he would not run again for office after 20 years in the Senate,
3956:
3884:
3785:
3492:
3394:
3377:
2884:"Official List, Candidates for State Senate For GENERAL ELECTION 06/08/2021 Election"
2855:"Official List, Candidates for State Senate for GENERAL ELECTION 11/07/2023 Election"
2761:
399:
398:
Each of the 40 districts in the New Jersey
Legislature has one representative in the
35:
3776:
3749:
3596:
3587:
3578:
3542:
3512:
3460:
3386:
2799:
367:
291:
215:
77:
3911:
3758:
2808:
355:
3364:
3902:
3848:
3794:
3695:
3686:
3614:
3524:
3444:
2700:
2392:
2119:
1928:
1761:
1568:
1370:
1149:
974:
3978:
3893:
3803:
3722:
2821:
3839:
3767:
3740:
3731:
3623:
2735:
418:
299:
224:
2375:
2102:
1875:
1551:
1353:
1132:
957:
759:
646:
3605:
3875:
3866:
3659:
3560:
206:
199:
3650:
51:
3326:
3312:
386:
State
Government, Wagering, Tourism and Historic Preservation
3282:"1994-general-election-results-unexpired-term-gen-assem.pdf"
4005:
Republican Party members of the New Jersey
General Assembly
3041:"2007-official-general-election-tallies(ga)-12.12.07.pdf"
3005:"2009-official-gen-elect-gen-assembly-tallies-120109.pdf"
2977:"2011-official-gen-elect-state-senate-results-121411.pdf"
2949:"2013-official-general-election-results-state-senate.pdf"
2913:"2017-official-general-election-results-state-senate.pdf"
2703:, New Jersey Senate Republicans. Accessed August 2, 2011.
270:. Before his election to the Senate he had served in the
3185:"1999-general-elect-gen-assembly-candidate-tallies.pdf"
2804:"Longtime N.J. Senator Ciesla won't seek re-election"
3490:
406:. The representatives from the 9th District for the
3221:"1997-general-election-results-state-assembly.pdf"
3332:New Jersey Legislature financial disclosure forms
2760:. Skinder-Strauss Associates. 2004. p. 259.
535:10th Legislative District general election, 2021
443:10th Legislative District General Election, 2023
258:(born October 9, 1944) is an American lawyer and
3976:
2876:
3476:
3149:"2001-general-elect-gen-assembly-tallies.pdf"
4015:People from Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey
2696:
2694:
2692:
346:Following the resignation of Assemblywoman
106:August 15, 1994 â January 10, 2012
4035:Seton Hall University School of Law alumni
4010:Republican Party New Jersey state senators
3483:
3469:
3440:August 15, 1994 â January 10, 2012
3327:Official 10th Legislative District website
4030:Politicians from Ocean County, New Jersey
2847:
2750:
2748:
266:as of January 10, 2012, representing the
2736:Assembly Member James W. 'Jim' Holzapfel
2689:
350:to become the executive director of the
4025:Point Pleasant Beach High School alumni
2715:
2713:
2711:
2709:
3977:
2745:
341:
3464:
3313:Senator Jim Holzapfel's Official Site
2589:
2362:
2089:
1862:
1736:
1538:
1340:
1119:
944:
857:
746:
633:
539:
447:
2706:
361:
4050:21st-century New Jersey politicians
2585:Special election, November 8, 1994
432:
313:
304:Seton Hall University School of Law
13:
4020:People from Toms River, New Jersey
2838:Legislative Roster for District 10
2358:New Jersey general election, 1995
2085:New Jersey general election, 1997
1858:New Jersey general election, 1999
1732:New Jersey general election, 2001
1534:New Jersey general election, 2003
1336:New Jersey general election, 2005
1115:New Jersey general election, 2007
853:New Jersey general election, 2011
332:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
4061:
4045:21st-century American legislators
3306:
939:New Jersey general election, 2009
741:New Jersey general election, 2013
628:New Jersey general election, 2017
318:Holzapfel served as a Trustee of
3318:Holzapfel's legislative web page
2891:Secretary of State of New Jersey
2551:
2550:
2525:
2524:
2499:
2498:
2473:
2472:
2446:
2445:
2410:
2409:
2324:
2323:
2298:
2297:
2226:
2225:
2200:
2199:
2173:
2172:
2137:
2136:
2051:
2050:
2025:
2024:
1999:
1998:
1973:
1972:
1946:
1945:
1908:
1907:
1675:
1674:
1649:
1648:
1622:
1621:
1586:
1585:
1477:
1476:
1451:
1450:
1424:
1423:
1388:
1387:
1256:
1255:
1230:
1229:
1203:
1202:
1167:
1166:
1081:
1080:
1055:
1054:
1028:
1027:
992:
991:
819:
818:
792:
791:
706:
705:
679:
678:
288:Point Pleasant Beach High School
284:Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey
160:Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey
3274:
3249:
3213:
3177:
3141:
3105:
3069:
3033:
2997:
2969:
2941:
2905:
2862:New Jersey Department of State
2831:
2815:
2792:
2781:
2729:
2720:Senator James W. Holzapfel (R)
414:Senator James W. Holzapfel (R)
393:
378:Committee assignments for the
322:from 1988 to 1994. He was the
262:politician, who serves in the
1:
4040:20th-century American lawyers
3289:New Jersey Secretary of State
3228:New Jersey Secretary of State
3192:New Jersey Secretary of State
3156:New Jersey Secretary of State
3120:New Jersey Secretary of State
3113:"2003g_a_candidate_tally.pdf"
3084:New Jersey Secretary of State
3048:New Jersey Secretary of State
3012:New Jersey Secretary of State
2984:New Jersey Secretary of State
2956:New Jersey Secretary of State
2682:
408:2024â2025 Legislative Session
373:
298:in Pre-Law and was awarded a
286:, Holzapfel is a graduate of
277:
256:James William "Jim" Holzapfel
3503:221st New Jersey Legislature
2844:. Accessed January 22, 2024.
2828:. Accessed January 28, 2022.
2726:. Accessed January 22, 2024.
7:
3432:New Jersey General Assembly
3415:New Jersey General Assembly
3403:January 10, 2012 â present
932:
404:New Jersey General Assembly
272:New Jersey General Assembly
87:New Jersey General Assembly
10:
4066:
3995:Monmouth University alumni
2742:. Accessed August 9, 2007.
2701:Senator James W. Holzapfel
564:Jim Holzapfel (incumbent)
472:Jim Holzapfel (incumbent)
3922:
3552:
3499:
3449:
3428:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3391:
3383:
3376:
2665:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2559:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2332:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2059:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1840:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1706:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1508:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1310:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1089:
956:
953:
950:
947:
915:
866:
863:
860:
827:
758:
755:
752:
749:
714:
645:
642:
639:
636:
614:
597:
548:
545:
542:
522:
505:
456:
453:
450:
437:
268:10th legislative district
249:
239:
231:
205:
191:
183:
175:
165:
143:
138:
134:
122:
110:
99:
83:
71:
59:
48:
32:
28:
21:
3257:"NJ General Assembly 10"
328:New Jersey Supreme Court
3509:President of the Senate
402:and two members in the
264:New Jersey State Senate
3947:New Jersey Legislature
3322:New Jersey Legislature
2842:New Jersey Legislature
2826:New Jersey Legislature
2724:New Jersey Legislature
306:. He is a resident of
336:Florida Supreme Court
221:Seton Hall University
3570:Vincent J. Polistina
320:Ocean County College
3678:Linda R. Greenstein
3453:Gregory P. McGuckin
2893:. November 30, 2021
2637:Louis B. Wary, Jr.
2614:James W. Holzapfel
2586:
2430:James W. Holzapfel
2359:
2190:Regina Calandrillo
2157:James W. Holzapfel
2086:
1892:James W. Holzapfel
1859:
1789:James W. Holzapfel
1733:
1535:
1337:
1116:
1045:Charles P. Tivenan
941:
905:Charles P. Tivenan
854:
743:
630:
536:
444:
426:Gregory P. McGuckin
358:from 1998 to 2000.
342:New Jersey Assembly
244:Legislative Website
129:Gregory P. McGuckin
16:American politician
4000:New Jersey lawyers
3962:List of past terms
3858:Britnee Timberlake
3831:Angela V. McKnight
3714:Patrick J. Diegnan
3642:James W. Holzapfel
3424:Virginia E. Haines
3369:Project Vote Smart
3093:on 11 October 2018
3021:on 4 December 2018
2929:on 7 November 2018
2864:. December 6, 2023
2740:Project Vote Smart
2584:
2463:Richard P. Strada
2357:
2288:Edward C. Mueller
2084:
1963:Stephanie Wauters
1857:
1731:
1533:
1335:
1246:Salvatore Martino
1114:
937:
852:
739:
626:
534:
442:
352:New Jersey Lottery
348:Virginia E. Haines
117:Virginia E. Haines
23:James W. Holzapfel
3972:
3971:
3885:Gordon M. Johnson
3786:Joseph Pennacchio
3493:New Jersey Senate
3459:
3458:
3450:Succeeded by
3406:Succeeded by
3395:New Jersey Senate
3378:New Jersey Senate
2680:
2679:
2582:
2581:
2355:
2354:
2314:J. Morgan Strong
2265:Christopher Kawa
2242:Betty Florentine
2082:
2081:
1855:
1854:
1830:Kimberley Casten
1729:
1728:
1691:Elizabeth Arnone
1531:
1530:
1333:
1332:
1295:Matthew Q. Dimon
1272:Elizabeth Arnone
1112:
1111:
930:
929:
850:
849:
737:
736:
624:
623:
532:
531:
400:New Jersey Senate
380:2024-2025 session
362:New Jersey Senate
253:
252:
36:New Jersey Senate
4057:
3952:General Assembly
3937:
3928:
3910:
3901:
3892:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3856:
3847:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3777:Anthony M. Bucco
3775:
3766:
3757:
3750:Nicholas Scutari
3748:
3739:
3730:
3721:
3712:
3703:
3694:
3685:
3676:
3669:Declan O'Scanlon
3667:
3658:
3649:
3640:
3631:
3622:
3613:
3604:
3597:Nilsa Cruz-Perez
3595:
3588:Paul D. Moriarty
3586:
3579:John Burzichelli
3577:
3568:
3559:
3543:Anthony M. Bucco
3513:Nicholas Scutari
3485:
3478:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3421:Preceded by
3387:Andrew R. Ciesla
3384:Preceded by
3374:
3373:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3237:on 29 April 2017
3236:
3230:. Archived from
3225:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3201:on 29 April 2017
3200:
3194:. Archived from
3189:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3158:. Archived from
3153:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3128:
3122:. Archived from
3117:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3086:. Archived from
3081:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3050:. Archived from
3045:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3020:
3014:. Archived from
3009:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2953:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2922:. Archived from
2917:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2888:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2859:
2851:
2845:
2835:
2829:
2819:
2813:
2800:Associated Press
2796:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2752:
2743:
2733:
2727:
2717:
2704:
2698:
2587:
2583:
2554:
2553:
2528:
2527:
2502:
2501:
2476:
2475:
2449:
2448:
2413:
2412:
2377:
2360:
2356:
2327:
2326:
2301:
2300:
2229:
2228:
2203:
2202:
2176:
2175:
2140:
2139:
2104:
2087:
2083:
2054:
2053:
2041:Anthony Bertani
2028:
2027:
2002:
2001:
1976:
1975:
1949:
1948:
1911:
1910:
1877:
1860:
1856:
1734:
1730:
1678:
1677:
1652:
1651:
1625:
1624:
1589:
1588:
1553:
1536:
1532:
1480:
1479:
1454:
1453:
1427:
1426:
1391:
1390:
1355:
1338:
1334:
1259:
1258:
1233:
1232:
1220:John Kaklamanis
1206:
1205:
1170:
1169:
1134:
1117:
1113:
1084:
1083:
1058:
1057:
1031:
1030:
995:
994:
959:
942:
936:
855:
851:
822:
821:
795:
794:
761:
744:
738:
709:
708:
696:Emma L. Mammano
682:
681:
648:
631:
625:
537:
533:
445:
441:
433:Election history
368:Andrew R. Ciesla
314:Political career
302:degree from the
296:Monmouth College
290:. He received a
260:Republican Party
212:Monmouth College
157:
153:
151:
139:Personal details
125:
113:
104:
89:
78:Andrew R. Ciesla
74:
67:January 10, 2012
64:
38:
19:
18:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4054:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3935:
3926:
3918:
3917:
3912:Kristin Corrado
3908:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3872:
3863:
3854:
3845:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3809:
3800:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3764:
3759:Doug Steinhardt
3755:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3719:
3710:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3647:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3539:Minority Leader
3530:Majority Leader
3495:
3491:Members of the
3489:
3455:
3441:
3439:
3426:
3409:
3402:
3389:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3129:on 5 March 2016
3126:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3057:on 4 March 2016
3054:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2867:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2836:
2832:
2820:
2816:
2809:The Star-Ledger
2797:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2734:
2730:
2718:
2707:
2699:
2690:
2685:
2655:Agnes A. James
2541:Agnes A. James
2489:Richard Sevrin
1989:Samuel D. Kaye
1639:Desmond Abazia
1441:Lawrence Jones
935:
440:
435:
396:
376:
364:
344:
316:
280:
219:
166:Political party
158:
155:
154:October 9, 1944
149:
147:
123:
111:
105:
100:
90:
85:
72:
66:
60:
55:
39:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4063:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3943:
3942:
3933:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3906:
3903:Holly Schepisi
3897:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3849:Brian P. Stack
3843:
3834:
3825:
3816:
3807:
3798:
3795:John F. McKeon
3789:
3780:
3771:
3762:
3753:
3744:
3735:
3726:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3696:Andrew Zwicker
3690:
3687:Shirley Turner
3681:
3672:
3663:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3618:
3615:Troy Singleton
3609:
3600:
3591:
3582:
3573:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3525:Shirley Turner
3522:
3516:
3510:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3488:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3445:David W. Wolfe
3430:Member of the
3427:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3393:Member of the
3390:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3372:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3329:
3324:
3315:
3308:
3307:External links
3305:
3302:
3301:
3273:
3248:
3212:
3176:
3140:
3104:
3077:"05831236.pdf"
3068:
3032:
2996:
2968:
2940:
2904:
2875:
2846:
2830:
2814:
2791:
2780:
2766:
2744:
2728:
2705:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2393:David W. Wolfe
2389:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2120:David W. Wolfe
2116:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2015:Morgan Strong
2013:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1929:David W. Wolfe
1925:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1762:David W. Wolfe
1758:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:Mark Troncone
1663:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:Jim Holzapfel
1603:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1569:David W. Wolfe
1565:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1408:Jim Holzapfel
1405:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1371:David W. Wolfe
1367:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:Jim Holzapfel
1184:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1150:David W. Wolfe
1146:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Jim Holzapfel
1009:
1002:
999:
998:
988:
983:
978:
975:David W. Wolfe
971:
964:
961:
960:
955:
952:
949:
946:
934:
931:
928:
927:
922:
917:
913:
912:
909:
906:
903:
898:
895:
894:
889:
884:
882:Jim Holzapfel
879:
872:
869:
868:
865:
862:
859:
848:
847:
845:
837:
829:
825:
824:
816:
813:
810:
807:
802:
799:
798:
788:
783:
778:
776:Jim Holzapfel
773:
766:
763:
762:
757:
754:
751:
748:
735:
734:
732:
724:
716:
712:
711:
703:
700:
697:
694:
689:
686:
685:
675:
670:
665:
663:Jim Holzapfel
660:
653:
650:
649:
644:
641:
638:
635:
622:
621:
613:
610:
609:
604:
599:
595:
594:
591:
588:
585:
580:
577:
576:
571:
566:
561:
554:
551:
550:
547:
544:
541:
530:
529:
521:
518:
517:
512:
507:
503:
502:
499:
496:
493:
488:
485:
484:
479:
474:
469:
462:
459:
458:
455:
452:
449:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
429:
422:
415:
395:
392:
391:
390:
389:Transportation
387:
375:
372:
363:
360:
343:
340:
315:
312:
279:
276:
251:
250:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
209:
203:
202:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
145:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
97:
96:
84:Member of the
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
62:Assumed office
57:
56:
49:
46:
45:
33:Member of the
30:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4062:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Living people
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3894:Joseph Lagana
3889:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3822:Robert Singer
3817:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3804:Renee Burgess
3799:
3796:
3790:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3723:Joe F. Vitale
3718:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3691:
3688:
3682:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3574:
3571:
3565:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3494:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3454:
3447:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3436:10th District
3433:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3401:
3400:
3399:10th District
3396:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3370:
3366:
3365:Jim Holzapfel
3363:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3290:
3283:
3277:
3262:
3261:Our Campaigns
3258:
3252:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3216:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3180:
3165:on 5 May 2017
3161:
3157:
3150:
3144:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3108:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3053:
3049:
3042:
3036:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3000:
2985:
2978:
2972:
2957:
2950:
2944:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2908:
2892:
2885:
2879:
2863:
2856:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2784:
2769:
2767:9781577411871
2763:
2759:
2758:
2751:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2588:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2515:Gary J. Rich
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2216:Jim Margetis
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1861:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1071:Eli L. Eytan
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
997:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
976:
972:
970:
969:
965:
963:
962:
943:
940:
926:
923:
921:
918:
914:
910:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
877:
873:
871:
870:
856:
846:
844:
843:
838:
836:
835:
830:
826:
817:
814:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:
797:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
771:
767:
765:
764:
745:
742:
733:
731:
730:
725:
723:
722:
717:
713:
704:
701:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:
684:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:
654:
652:
651:
632:
629:
620:
617:
612:
611:
608:
605:
603:
600:
596:
592:
589:
587:Emma Mammano
586:
584:
581:
579:
578:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:
555:
553:
552:
538:
528:
525:
520:
519:
516:
513:
511:
508:
504:
500:
497:
495:Jeff J. Horn
494:
492:
489:
487:
486:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
467:
463:
461:
460:
446:
427:
423:
420:
416:
413:
412:
411:
409:
405:
401:
388:
385:
384:
383:
381:
371:
369:
359:
357:
353:
349:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
248:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
213:
210:
208:
204:
201:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
168:
164:
161:
156:(age 79)
146:
142:
137:
133:
130:
127:
121:
118:
115:
109:
103:
98:
94:
88:
82:
79:
76:
70:
63:
58:
54:
53:
47:
43:
37:
31:
27:
20:
3840:Raj Mukherji
3768:Parker Space
3741:Jon Bramnick
3732:Joseph Cryan
3641:
3633:Carmen Amato
3624:Latham Tiver
3519:
3506:(2024â2025)
3501:
3443:
3429:
3392:
3331:
3292:. Retrieved
3288:
3276:
3266:September 5,
3264:. Retrieved
3260:
3251:
3239:. Retrieved
3232:the original
3227:
3215:
3203:. Retrieved
3196:the original
3191:
3179:
3167:. Retrieved
3160:the original
3155:
3143:
3131:. Retrieved
3124:the original
3119:
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3088:the original
3083:
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3052:the original
3047:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3016:the original
3011:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2983:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2955:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2924:the original
2920:sussex.nj.us
2919:
2907:
2897:December 12,
2895:. Retrieved
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2861:
2849:
2833:
2817:
2807:
2794:
2783:
2771:. Retrieved
2756:
2731:
2674:
2669:
2666:Total votes
2651:Conservative
2623:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2564:
2560:Total votes
2537:Conservative
2511:Conservative
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2337:
2333:Total votes
2310:Conservative
2284:Conservative
2274:
2251:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2060:Total votes
2037:Conservative
2011:Conservative
1944:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1849:
1844:
1841:Total votes
1798:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1772:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1720:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1707:Total votes
1700:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1598:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1522:
1521:
1514:
1513:
1509:Total votes
1502:
1493:Scott Baier
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1311:Total votes
1304:
1281:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1090:Total votes
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1004:
990:
985:
980:
973:
966:
924:
919:
916:Total votes
891:
886:
881:
874:
841:
840:
833:
832:
828:Total votes
809:John Bendel
790:
785:
780:
775:
768:
728:
727:
720:
719:
715:Total votes
677:
672:
667:
662:
655:
618:
606:
601:
598:Total votes
573:
568:
563:
556:
526:
514:
509:
506:Total votes
481:
476:
471:
464:
424:Assemblyman
419:Paul Kanitra
417:Assemblyman
397:
377:
365:
345:
324:Ocean County
317:
281:
274:since 2003.
255:
254:
192:Residence(s)
179:Joyce Holden
124:Succeeded by
101:
61:
50:
3985:1964 births
3813:Teresa Ruiz
3606:James Beach
3534:Teresa Ruiz
3520:pro tempore
2868:December 6,
2261:Libertarian
2238:Libertarian
1812:John Furey
1467:Joni Jones
394:District 10
112:Preceded by
73:Preceded by
3979:Categories
3939:Republican
3930:Democratic
3876:Paul Sarlo
3867:Nellie Pou
3660:Owen Henry
3561:Mike Testa
3518:President
2933:8 December
2683:References
2633:Democratic
2608:Republican
2593:Candidate
2485:Democratic
2459:Democratic
2424:Republican
2386:Republican
2366:Candidate
2212:Democratic
2186:Democratic
2151:Republican
2113:Republican
2093:Candidate
1985:Democratic
1959:Democratic
1922:Republican
1886:Republican
1866:Candidate
1826:Democratic
1808:Democratic
1783:Republican
1755:Republican
1740:Candidate
1661:Democratic
1635:Democratic
1600:Republican
1562:Republican
1542:Candidate
1463:Democratic
1437:Democratic
1402:Republican
1364:Republican
1344:Candidate
1242:Democratic
1216:Democratic
1181:Republican
1143:Republican
1123:Candidate
1067:Democratic
1041:Democratic
1006:Republican
968:Republican
948:Candidate
901:Democratic
876:Republican
861:Candidate
805:Democratic
770:Republican
750:Candidate
692:Democratic
657:Republican
637:Candidate
616:Republican
583:Democratic
558:Republican
543:Candidate
524:Republican
491:Democratic
466:Republican
451:Candidate
374:Committees
308:Toms River
278:Early life
232:Occupation
207:Alma mater
200:New Jersey
196:Toms River
170:Republican
150:1944-10-09
3705:Bob Smith
3651:Vin Gopal
3408:Incumbent
1489:Socialist
102:In office
91:from the
52:Incumbent
40:from the
3434:for the
3397:for the
2339:133,698'
1845:126,766
1515:125,935'
1096:130,081'
933:Assembly
334:and the
282:Born in
235:Attorney
184:Children
95:district
44:district
3294:2 April
3241:2 April
3205:2 April
3169:2 April
3133:2 April
3097:2 April
3061:2 April
3025:2 April
2989:2 April
2961:2 April
2773:July 3,
2670:57,127
2640:17,751
2619:38,538
2566:79,086'
2492:13,836
2466:14,669
2435:22,806
2399:22,837
2219:22,239
2193:23,538
2162:41,117
2126:41,746
2066:79,194'
1992:14,764
1966:15,895
1935:23,145
1897:23,227
1833:26,307
1815:26,723
1794:36,747
1768:36,989
1713:90,277'
1668:15,418
1642:15,773
1611:27,509
1575:28,812
1470:22,312
1444:22,398
1413:39,981
1377:40,660
1317:93,730'
1249:15,282
1223:15,560
1192:29,014
1156:29,619
1074:18,090
1048:18,739
1017:45,916
981:47,336
920:44,780
908:16,105
887:28,675
834:65,372'
812:19,807
781:45,565
721:63,262'
699:23,707
668:39,555
602:82,656
590:25,635
569:57,021
510:53,769
498:17,981
477:35,788
240:Website
3957:Senate
3442:With:
2764:
2675:100.0
2596:Votes
2590:Party
2574:100.0'
2544:2,455
2518:2,483
2369:Votes
2363:Party
2347:100.0'
2317:1,068
2291:1,292
2268:1,317
2245:1,381
2096:Votes
2090:Party
2074:100.0'
2044:1,058
2018:1,105
1869:Votes
1863:Party
1850:100.0
1743:Votes
1737:Party
1721:100.0'
1694:2,765
1545:Votes
1539:Party
1523:100.0'
1347:Votes
1341:Party
1325:100.0'
1298:2,029
1275:2,226
1126:Votes
1120:Party
1104:100.0'
951:Votes
945:Party
925:100.0
864:Votes
858:Party
842:100.0'
753:Votes
747:Party
729:100.0'
640:Votes
634:Party
607:100.0
593:31.01
574:68.99
546:Votes
540:Party
515:100.0
454:Votes
448:Party
438:Senate
330:, the
176:Spouse
3285:(PDF)
3235:(PDF)
3224:(PDF)
3199:(PDF)
3188:(PDF)
3163:(PDF)
3152:(PDF)
3127:(PDF)
3116:(PDF)
3091:(PDF)
3080:(PDF)
3055:(PDF)
3044:(PDF)
3019:(PDF)
3008:(PDF)
2980:(PDF)
2952:(PDF)
2927:(PDF)
2916:(PDF)
2887:(PDF)
2858:(PDF)
2643:31.1
2624:67.5
2495:17.5
2469:18.5
2440:28.8
2404:28.9
2222:16.6
2196:17.6
2167:30.8
2131:31.2
1995:18.6
1969:20.1
1940:29.2
1902:29.3
1836:20.8
1818:21.1
1799:29.0
1773:29.2
1687:Green
1671:17.1
1645:17.5
1616:30.5
1580:31.9
1473:17.7
1447:17.8
1418:31.7
1382:32.3
1291:Green
1268:Green
1252:16.3
1226:16.6
1197:31.0
1161:31.6
1077:13.9
1051:14.4
1022:35.3
986:36.4
911:36.0
892:64.0
815:30.3
786:69.7
702:37.5
673:62.5
501:33.4
482:66.6
410:are:
382:are:
294:from
65:
3941:(15)
3932:(25)
3358:2004
3355:2005
3352:2006
3349:2007
3346:2008
3343:2009
3340:2010
3337:2011
3296:2019
3268:2017
3243:2019
3207:2019
3171:2019
3135:2019
3099:2019
3063:2019
3027:2019
2991:2019
2963:2019
2935:2018
2899:2021
2870:2023
2798:via
2775:2015
2762:ISBN
2661:1.5
2658:838
2555:1.9
2547:3.1
2529:1.8
2521:3.1
2503:0.6
2477:0.3
2450:1.6
2414:1.4
2328:2.3
2320:0.8
2302:2.1
2294:1.0
2271:1.0
2248:1.0
2230:0.9
2204:0.9
2177:2.0
2141:2.3
2055:0.3
2047:1.3
2029:0.6
2021:1.4
2003:2.0
1977:2.5
1950:2.0
1912:1.5
1697:3.1
1679:3.7
1653:3.6
1626:1.5
1590:2.7
1499:0.5
1496:584
1481:0.6
1455:0.3
1428:1.2
1392:0.4
1301:2.2
1278:2.4
1260:1.4
1234:1.2
1207:0.7
1171:0.7
1085:2.4
1059:2.2
1032:4.3
996:4.8
823:5.7
796:5.7
710:7.2
683:7.2
619:hold
527:hold
356:Whip
300:J.D.
292:B.A.
144:Born
93:10th
42:10th
3914:(R)
3905:(R)
3896:(D)
3887:(D)
3878:(D)
3869:(D)
3860:(D)
3851:(D)
3842:(D)
3833:(D)
3824:(R)
3815:(D)
3806:(D)
3797:(D)
3788:(R)
3779:(R)
3770:(R)
3761:(R)
3752:(D)
3743:(R)
3734:(D)
3725:(D)
3716:(D)
3707:(D)
3698:(D)
3689:(D)
3680:(D)
3671:(R)
3662:(R)
3653:(D)
3644:(R)
3635:(R)
3626:(R)
3617:(D)
3608:(D)
3599:(D)
3590:(D)
3581:(D)
3572:(R)
3563:(R)
3545:(R)
3536:(D)
3527:(D)
3515:(D)
2275:N/A
2252:N/A
1701:N/A
1503:N/A
1305:N/A
1282:N/A
428:(R)
421:(R)
3981::
3367:,
3320:,
3287:.
3259:.
3226:.
3190:.
3154:.
3118:.
3082:.
3046:.
3010:.
2982:.
2954:.
2918:.
2889:.
2860:.
2840:,
2824:,
2806:,
2802:.
2747:^
2738:,
2722:,
2708:^
2691:^
2599:%
2376:Âą%
2372:%
2103:Âą%
2099:%
1876:Âą%
1872:%
1746:%
1552:Âą%
1548:%
1354:Âą%
1350:%
1133:Âą%
1129:%
958:Âą%
954:%
867:%
760:Âą%
756:%
647:Âą%
643:%
549:%
457:%
338:.
225:JD
216:BA
198:,
152:)
3936:â
3927:â
3909:â
3900:â
3891:â
3882:â
3873:â
3864:â
3855:â
3846:â
3837:â
3828:â
3819:â
3810:â
3801:â
3792:â
3783:â
3774:â
3765:â
3756:â
3747:â
3738:â
3729:â
3720:â
3711:â
3702:â
3693:â
3684:â
3675:â
3666:â
3657:â
3648:â
3639:â
3630:â
3621:â
3612:â
3603:â
3594:â
3585:â
3576:â
3567:â
3558:â
3484:e
3477:t
3470:v
3298:.
3270:.
3245:.
3209:.
3173:.
3137:.
3101:.
3065:.
3029:.
2993:.
2965:.
2937:.
2901:.
2872:.
2777:.
2571:'
2563:'
2344:'
2336:'
2071:'
2063:'
1718:'
1710:'
1520:'
1512:'
1322:'
1314:'
1101:'
1093:'
839:'
831:'
726:'
718:'
227:)
223:(
218:)
214:(
187:2
148:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.