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870:, as well as the true identity of the author, then known only to the editor of the paper. Lincoln took responsibility for the articles and accepted the challenge. Shields confronted Lincoln, demanded a full retraction, and the incident escalated to the two men picking seconds, and meeting on an island located between Missouri and Illinois called
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1011:; having been naturalized October 21, 1840, and elected on January 13, 1849. He therefore resigned from the Senate on March 14, returned to Illinois, campaigned once again for the seat he had resigned, and won a special election held by the governor in December (after nine years had passed), in order to replace himself as senator.
1260:, on June 1, 1879, while on a lecture tour, after reportedly complaining of chest pains. His body was transferred to Carrollton, Missouri by train, where a funeral was held at the local Catholic church, and his body escorted to St. Mary's Cemetery by two companies of the Nineteenth Infantry, the Craig Rifles, and a twenty-piece
1037:. According to the foreword by Shields, Ford gave him the manuscript on his death bed, so that Shields might publish it, and use the proceeds to benefit Ford's then orphaned children. In 1854, a military company in Chicago was named "The Shields Guards" in his honor. The Guards would come to make up companies I and K in the
1453:"State paper" here refers to the state issued currency, which was in turmoil at the time, and of uncertain value. It had been decided, in part by Shields as state auditor, that only gold and silver would be accepted for the payment of taxes, and this was unpopular, as the average citizen had "almost no gold or silver".
1151:, but the promotion was withdrawn, reconsidered, and then finally rejected. Largely a result of his promotion being rejected, Shields resigned from the army. Shields was informally offered command of the Army of the Potomac by Abraham Lincoln. Shields declined owing to a poor relationship with Secretary of War
804:, where he studied and began practicing law in 1832, supplementing his income by teaching French. He served as a member of the Illinois House of Representatives, beginning in 1836, and in 1839 was elected as state auditor. As auditor, Shields was involved in correcting the state's finances following the
973:, after his horse was shot out from underneath him, and he continued fighting on foot, and leading his troops with sword. He remained on the field until the conclusion of the battle, but was then forced to spend several months recuperating, where he remained until after the final battles of the war.
1483:, Herndon recorded his response as simply "'If all good things I have ever done,' said regretfully, 'are remembered as long and as well as my scrape with Shields, it is plain I shall not be forgotten.'" Another has Mary Todd writing many years later saying, "After the reconciliation between the
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Shields was not a wealthy man in later life, and upon his death the most valuable possessions he had to leave his family were his ceremonial swords, given to him following the end of the
Mexican–American War. After his death, Mary Shields remained in Carrollton, with their daughter and two sons,
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According to the
Catholic Encyclopedia, he was shot through the lung. According to the Illinois State Historical Society he was shot through the lung and the 1.5 inches (38 mm) shot exited near his spine. Others fail to mention the type of injury, but say simply that it was thought to be a
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If I was deaf and blind I could tell him by the smell ... All the galls about town were there, and all the handsome widows, and married women, finickin about, trying to look like galls, tied as tight in the middle, and puffed out at both ends like bundles of fodder that hadn't been stacked yet,
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and R. W. English intervening and convincing the two to cease hostilities. Others have them resolving their differences without incident, whether through threats on the part of
Lincoln, or through apology and explanation from him. However, all accounts agree that they left the island without
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Shields became such an expert sailor that many years later he was placed in command of a ship and sailed it safely into port. One account has him sailing it with all the officers disabled. Another has
Shields taking command when the captain and mate disagreed about how to handle the
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to participate in a duel. Lincoln, as the one challenged, chose the weapons for the duel, and selected the cavalry broadsword, as
Shields was an excellent marksman, and because Lincoln stood 6 feet 4 inches (1.93 m) to Shields' 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m).
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It is not clear how or when
Shields learned of his uncle's death. One source reports he simply failed to find his uncle. Another reports he wrote his uncle, never received word back from him, and was unaware of his death so that a relative traveled from Ireland to
1116:, and married Mary Carr in 1861. He was engaged in a mining venture in Mexico, and it was there that Shields was when he was appointed as brigadier general of volunteers from that state following the outbreak of the American Civil War, succeeding the late
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in
Carrollton, Missouri. Dedicated on November 12, 1910, newspapers reported "hundreds of visitors from several states" that were present at the unveiling. Congress allocated $ 5,000 for the monument. A third statue stands on the grounds of the
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mortal wound, and that
Shields' life was reportedly saved by either a Mexican surgeon, a French surgeon who had been captured by the Mexicans, or an Irish physician who had served in both the French and Mexican armies, and who was a
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1053:, with Trumbull eventually winning the seat after several ballots. Shields then moved to Minnesota, to inspect lands he had been awarded there in return for his military service. He arranged for Irish immigrants to move from the
1466:, was legally in Illinois (where dueling was outlawed) or Missouri (were dueling was permitted). Although at least one source disputes this, saying they instead met on the banks of the Missouri side of the river, across from
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966:. His command that day was criticized as clumsy by some, and praised as skillful by others. He required reinforcements to overcome strong enemy resistance, but his brigade took over 800 prisoners.
830:, or that of gold and silver for the paying of public debts. The Illinois State Bank had been forced to close, and Shields as state auditor had become the target of resentment among members of the
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on a merchant ship. However, after a time, an accident left
Shields disabled, and in the hospital with both legs broken for three months. After the accident, he volunteered and fought in the
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1081:. Shields led a group of about 100 people from Minnesota to fight the tribes; however, by the time he arrived, the tribes had been beaten by troops under the control of Judson Bishop.
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wanted stackin pretty bad ... He was paying his money to this one and that one and tother one, and sufferin great loss because it wasn' silver instead of State paper ... "Dear girls,
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838:. Lincoln's future wife and then fiancée, Mary Todd, helped to revise the letter, and she and a close friend Julia Jayne, continued writing to the paper without Lincoln's knowledge.
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After his resignation due to not being a U.S. citizen for long enough, the office was vacant until he filled it again, having won the special election for the same seat in
October
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He ran for Congress unwillingly in 1868, and, in a contested election, lost. The result was disputed, and Congress awarded a year's salary to Shields. A member of Congress,
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shortly thereafter. After moving multiple times, Shields settled in Missouri and served again for three months in the Senate. He died in 1879 and represents Illinois in the
774:, of which there were many in Ireland at the time. Shields attempted to emigrate to the United States in 1822, but failed when his ship was driven aground off the coast of
826:, that attacked Shields, impersonating a local farmer, and taking the pseudonym of Aunt Becca, or simply Rebecca. At the time, there was great controversy over the use of
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895:. His term was relatively unremarkable, and he soon resigned to become Commissioner of the U.S. General Land Office. While at the Land Office, Shields spent much effort
723:, Ireland, to parents, Charles Shiells/O`Shiells/Shields and Anne McDonnell, the first of three children. As his father died when Shields was six, his uncle, also named
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1248:. He served only three months and declined to run for re-election, but this made Shields the only person to have ever served as senator from three different states.
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996:, and confirmed by the United States Senate to serve as governor of Oregon Territory, which had been created that same day. However, he declined the position and
778:, leaving him one of only either three or four survivors. He successfully made it to America around 1826, although his uncle whom he had sailed to meet had died.
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of volunteers. He served with distinction and was twice wounded. In 1848, Shields was appointed to and confirmed by the Senate as the first governor of the
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841:"Rebecca" as she was, denounced Shields in the paper as a "fool as well as a liar," and scandalously described him at a party among a group of women:
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Shields declined the governorship to run for the Senate from Illinois. He won, but the election was voided by on the grounds that he had not been a
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American Civil War: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [6 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
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to determine who would serve out the longer and shorter terms. Shields drew the short straw and thus served until only March 1859, losing his
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parties, & myself mutually agreed, never to refer to it & except in an occasional light manner, between us, it was never mentioned."
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immigrants there. He resigned from the position to assume command as a brigadier general following the outbreak of the Mexican–American War.
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The Statesman's Manual: The Addresses and Messages of the Presidents of the United States, Inaugural, Annual, and Special, from 1789 to 1851
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According to one account, Lincoln seldom spoke of the duel, saying only that he was willing to forget the matter. When asked later by
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The publications caused "intense excitement" in Springfield, and Shields, taking great offense at being publicly ridiculed, demanded
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On July 1, 1846, Shields was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers to fight in the Mexican–American War. He served under
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in 1858, and the legislature convened in December, Shields was put forward as a compromise candidate for U.S. Senator along with
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There are conflicting reports about James Shields' date of birth. Some list it as May 6, 1806, May 12, 1806, and others in 1810.
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Born and initially educated in Ireland, Shields emigrated to the Americas in 1826. He was briefly a sailor, and spent time in
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was abandoned, his men assumed control of the city. He commanded the 3rd Brigade, Volunteer Division, at the battles of
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in 1876, but Shields, viewing it as an indignity, declined. Shields was involved in fundraising to provide aid to the
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for three different states, and one of only two to represent multiple states in the U.S. Senate. A member of the
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2635:"Address at the unveiling of the statue of General Shields : in the Capitol of Minnesota, October 20, 1914"
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In 1855, Shields was defeated for re-election in Illinois in a three way runoff between himself, Lincoln, and
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Shields was appointed as an Illinois Supreme Court justice on February 18, 1845, to take the seat vacated by
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644:) published a series of inflammatory pseudonymous letters in a local paper. Shields challenged Lincoln to a
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2308:; Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta; Pierpaoli Jr., Paul G.; Cutrer, Thomas W.; Santoni, Pedro (2013).
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and his brigade disbanded on July 28, 1848. Shields returned to his law practice in Illinois. He was
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2441:. Lincoln Financial Foundation Collection. Chicago : S.C. Griggs & Co. Ivison & Phinney
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At least two sources report three total survivors. At least one source reports four total survivors.
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following through with the duel. Thereafter, Shields and Lincoln became and remained good friends.
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Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri: A Compendium of History and Biography for Ready Reference
958:, and spent nine weeks recuperating. He returned to fight in a single day, at both the battles of
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Shields almost fought a duel on September 22, 1842, with Abraham Lincoln, then a young lawyer in
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to major general, and received two honorary swords from the states South Carolina and Illinois.
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and also born in Ireland, played a large role in his life. The elder Shields was a professor of
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In 1846, Shields left for war with two brigades under his command. In February 1847, when
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The Encyclopedia of the Mexican-American War: A Political, Social, and Military History
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Life Of Major-general James Shields: Hero Of Three Wars And Senator From Three States
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Life of Major-General James Shields: Hero of Three Wars and Senator from Three States
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Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America
2128:. Southern History Company, Haldeman, Conard & Company, proprietors. pp.
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on March 22, 1862, but his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of General
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during the campaign (or the war). The day after Kernstown, he was promoted to
850:, but I cannot marry you all. Too well I know how much you suffer, but do, do
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A history of Illinois : from its commencement as a state in 1818 to 1847
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Derek Warfield wrote a song named The Ballad of General Shields about him.
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1205:, where he would serve as the state railroad commissioner, and then to the
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Christensen, Lawrence O.; Foley, William E.; Kremer, Gary (October 1999).
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Members of the United States Senate declared not entitled to their seat
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A History of Illinois, from its Commencement as a State in 1818 to 1847
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1808:"Illinois in the National Statuary Hall in the Capitol in Washington"
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Following the war, on August 14, 1848, he was nominated by President
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624:, where he studied and practiced law. In 1836, he was elected to the
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These swords were reportedly worth $ 5,000 and $ 3,000 respectively.
808:. This was done, at times, through practices that proved unpopular.
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Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year
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until eventually moving to New York to live with their son Daniel.
931:, then also a brigadier general, and later under Brigadier General
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List of members of the United States Congress from multiple states
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was nominated and became the first governor of the new territory.
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Democratic Party members of the Missouri House of Representatives
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Democratic Party members of the Illinois House of Representatives
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Lincoln was friendly with the publisher of the paper at the time.
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Douglas had been elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.
1348:
List of United States senators born outside the United States
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Shields was again wounded, receiving a fractured arm in the
1343:
List of sculptures in the National Statuary Hall Collection
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U.S. Shadow Senator (Class 2) from the Minnesota Territory
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1594:"James Shields – Previous Illinois Supreme Court Justice"
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Courage and Country: James Shields: More Than Irish Luck
1226:
Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives
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American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
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Commissioners of the United States General Land Office
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Democratic Party United States senators from Minnesota
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Commissioners of the United States General Land Office
2514:
2461:"Battle of Kernstown: Stonewall Jackson's Only Defeat"
1649:"James Shields, 1810–1879, bust portrait, facing left"
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Democratic Party United States senators from Missouri
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Democratic Party United States senators from Illinois
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Illinois Comptrollers and Auditors of Public Accounts
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It was unclear at the time whether the island in the
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Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1777:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1314:
667:, he left the Land Office to take an appointment as
561:(May 10, 1806 – June 1, 1879) was an
2347:"Senate Executive Journal: Monday, August 14, 1848"
1283:was given by the State of Illinois in 1893, to the
1069:, and was also involved in the early settlement of
695:, his troops inflicted the only tactical defeat of
2043:
1869:. Press of the Blakely Printing Company. pp.
746:The younger Shields obtained early schooling at a
2609:"Government Monument to Gen. Shields is Unveiled"
1908:
1745:General James Shields: Soldier, Orator, Statesman
758:, and subsequently his uncle. He was educated in
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4034:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
2164:"Abraham Lincoln Prepares to Fight a Saber Duel"
679:, he moved to Minnesota and founded the town of
632:. His work as auditor was criticized by a young
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1800:
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1628:Architect of the Capitol: United States Capitol
5120:People of California in the American Civil War
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1014:As senator, he opposed slavery, and supported
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3061:Articles and topics related to James Shields
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800:. Eventually, Shields settled in Kaskaskia,
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2277:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1333:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
899:, testing, surveying and examining land in
781:Shields took a job as a sailor, becoming a
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4524:
4024:
4010:
3688:
3674:
3382:
3368:
3091:
3077:
2080:
1962:Thomas, Benjamin P. (September 26, 2008).
1033:, originally written by Illinois Governor
976:Shields returned to America, where he was
903:, as he planned to establish a colony for
750:near his home, later at a school run by a
38:
19:For other people named James Shields, see
1545:
1044:
1039:23rd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment
796:He spent some time in Quebec, founding a
285:April 16, 1845 – January 5, 1847
212:October 27, 1849 – March 3, 1855
165:December 19, 1857 – May 11, 1858
69:January 27, 1879 – March 3, 1879
2193:
2191:
2172:. originally published February 2002 by
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1158:
987:
909:
710:
5040:Auditors of Public Accounts of Illinois
2821:Commissioner of the General Land Office
2703:, Palala Press, 1900 (reprinted 2015).
2371:
2369:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1403:to tend to the late uncle's belongings.
1238:Missouri State House of Representatives
1120:. He commanded the 2nd Division of the
1022:, to soldiers, and to settlers under a
922:
273:Commissioner of the General Land Office
245:March 4, 1849 – March 15, 1849
5130:Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
5007:
2397:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2197:
2158:
2156:
2121:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
1961:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1859:
1741:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1551:
675:, which he declined. After serving as
651:In 1845, Shields was appointed to the
4764:
4519:
4005:
3669:
3363:
3100:United States senators from Minnesota
3072:
3059:
2997:U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Minnesota
2188:
2038:
1991:
1989:
1885:
1618:
1616:
1107:
116:May 11, 1858 – March 3, 1859
5075:Irish emigrants to the United States
3697:United States senators from Illinois
3391:United States senators from Missouri
3031:U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Missouri
2895:U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Illinois
2855:U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Illinois
2582:"General James Shields, (sculpture)"
2403:
2366:
2198:Shiels, Damian (February 13, 2013).
1826:
1016:land grants to agricultural colleges
886:
5070:Irish-American culture in Minnesota
2722:, Stanford University Press, 2001,
2285:
2240:(2003). Hubbard, Charles M. (ed.).
2153:
2021:
1929:
1911:"General James Shields of Illinois"
1668:
1251:
1007:for the nine years required by the
954:, where he was severely wounded by
655:, from which he resigned to become
569:officer, who is the only person in
13:
2678:
2005:. January 17, 2014. Archived from
1986:
1970:Southern Illinois University Press
1613:
1065:counties. Shields himself founded
14:
5151:
5140:19th-century Illinois politicians
5135:19th-century Missouri politicians
5025:19th-century American legislators
2930:Senate Military Affairs Committee
2734:
2489:"Brigadier General James Shields"
1530:Classes of United States senators
1029:Shields published the 1854 book,
834:, and more so given the upcoming
699:in the war. Shields resigned his
661:United States General Land Office
626:Illinois House of Representatives
5095:Military personnel from Illinois
4987:
4686:
4228:
3829:
3503:
3197:
2740:
2518:Dictionary of Missouri Biography
1317:
1183:
1167:
523:
468:
5115:People from Kaskaskia, Illinois
2753:Works by or about James Shields
2654:
2627:
2601:
2587:Smithsonian American Art Museum
2574:
2546:
2508:
2481:
2453:
2425:
2339:
2243:Lincoln Reshapes the Presidency
2229:
2201:Irish in the American Civil War
2115:
1955:
1909:O'Shaughnessy, Francis (1916).
1522:
1513:
1499:
1490:
1473:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1425:
1416:
1406:
1392:
1383:
854:, it is not my fault that I am
16:American politician and soldier
5110:Politicians from County Tyrone
5030:19th-century Irish politicians
2092:Johns Hopkins University Press
1763:
1641:
1586:
1374:
1365:
683:there. He was then elected as
21:James Shields (disambiguation)
1:
2555:"James Shields (id: S000362)"
2122:Conard, Howard Louis (1901).
1772:"James Shields (id: S000361)"
1538:
1272:monument there in his honor.
1256:Shields died unexpectedly in
1236:. He served as member of the
1145:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
914:James Shields, photograph by
4554:Auditors of Public Accounts
2523:University of Missouri Press
1965:Abraham Lincoln: A Biography
1750:Minnesota Historical Society
1742:Castle, Henry Anson (1915).
1073:. In 1857, Native Americans
148:United States Shadow Senator
7:
4041:Military Affairs Committee
2662:"Ballad of General Shields"
2383:Senate of the United States
2238:Lincoln Memorial University
1310:
1139:Shields was wounded at the
878:At least two accounts have
10:
5156:
2613:Los Angeles Herald-Express
2466:American Battlefield Trust
2052:Random House Digital, Inc.
2002:American Battlefield Trust
1201:In 1863, Shields moved to
1128:(subsequently part of the
1057:to Minnesota, settling in
1009:United States Constitution
601:from 1858 to 1859, in the
585:from 1849 to 1855, in the
18:
4985:
4798:
4695:
4684:
4553:
4406:Armed Services Committee
4405:
4237:
4226:
4040:
3838:
3827:
3703:
3512:
3501:
3397:
3206:
3195:
3106:
3066:
3044:
3028:
3020:
3010:
2994:
2978:
2960:
2951:
2946:
2936:
2926:
2918:
2908:
2892:
2881:
2868:
2852:
2844:
2837:
2827:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2795:
2786:
2778:
2773:
2435:; Shields, James (1854).
2413:. E. Walker. p. 1890
2236:Lincoln Symposium. 2001,
1325:American Civil War portal
1293:Carroll County Courthouse
1242:State Railroad Commission
1190:Statue of Shields in the
1174:Statue of Shields in the
812:Duel with Abraham Lincoln
802:Randolph County, Illinois
663:. At the outbreak of the
552:
534:
519:
505:
491:
481:
476:
464:
449:
439:
415:
388:
383:
379:
367:
355:
341:
330:
323:
311:
299:
289:
278:
271:
261:
249:
238:
226:
216:
205:
193:
179:
169:
158:
146:
134:
120:
109:
97:
85:
73:
62:
50:
46:
37:
30:
4238:Naval Affairs Committee
2553:United States Congress.
2174:Civil War Times magazine
1997:"Abraham Lincoln's Duel"
1770:United States Congress.
1431:Jayne would later marry
1358:
1281:bronze statue of Shields
1213:. In 1866 he settled in
5045:Catholics from Illinois
4919:Strother M. Stockslager
2720:Civil War High Commands
2699:Condon, William Henry.
2248:Mercer University Press
2087:Abraham Lincoln: A Life
2046:A. Lincoln: A Biography
1939:Keiley, Jarvis (1912).
1812:The Wyoming Post Herald
1176:Minnesota State Capitol
1067:Shieldsville, Minnesota
789:, reaching the rank of
1555:(September 30, 2013).
1130:Army of the Shenandoah
1112:Shields then moved to
1045:Senator from Minnesota
919:
864:
705:National Statuary Hall
685:Senator from Minnesota
653:Illinois Supreme Court
581:, Shields represented
2714:Eicher, John H., and
2688:, AuthorHouse, 2004,
2494:World Digital Library
1948:Catholic Encyclopedia
1942:"James Shields"
1861:Condon, William Henry
1304:, dedicated in 1914.
1302:Saint Paul, Minnesota
1192:United States Capitol
1159:Senator from Missouri
988:Senator from Illinois
971:Battle of Chapultepec
913:
843:
818:Springfield, Illinois
711:Early life and career
677:Senator from Illinois
636:, who (with his then
620:, before settling in
506:Years of service
454:University of Glasgow
195:United States Senator
99:United States Senator
52:United States Senator
4954:Richard A. Ballinger
4914:William A. J. Sparks
4839:Elisha M. Huntington
2799:William Lee D. Ewing
1444:Emphasis in original
1215:Carrollton, Missouri
1098:1859 re-election bid
1071:Faribault, Minnesota
923:Mexican–American War
770:by a veteran of the
715:Shields was born in
665:Mexican–American War
543:Mexican–American War
374:William Lee D. Ewing
5125:Union Army generals
5100:Minnesota Democrats
4949:William A. Richards
4904:James A. Williamson
4869:Thomas A. Hendricks
3014:Morton S. Wilkinson
2806:Government offices
2789:Auditor of Illinois
2640:Library of Congress
2615:. November 13, 1910
2352:Library of Congress
2082:Burlingame, Michael
2009:on February 4, 2017
1654:Library of Congress
1141:Battle of Kernstown
1126:Army of the Potomac
1118:Frederick W. Lander
1102:Morton S. Wilkinson
787:Second Seminole War
693:Battle of Kernstown
687:. He served in the
622:Kaskaskia, Illinois
539:Second Seminole War
325:Auditor of Illinois
153:Minnesota Territory
141:Morton S. Wilkinson
5105:Missouri Democrats
4874:Samuel Axley Smith
4859:Justin Butterfield
3048:George Graham Vest
3037:Served alongside:
3024:David H. Armstrong
3003:Served alongside:
2904:Stephen A. Douglas
2901:Served alongside:
2886:Title last held by
2873:Title next held by
2864:Stephen A. Douglas
2861:Served alongside:
2774:Political offices
2084:(March 11, 2013).
1553:Tucker, Spencer C.
1224:, proposed him as
1207:Mississippi Valley
1108:American Civil War
1086:achieved statehood
935:and Major General
920:
893:Stephen A. Douglas
735:, and served as a
689:American Civil War
567:United States Army
547:American Civil War
496:United States Army
92:George Graham Vest
80:David H. Armstrong
5002:
5001:
4996:
4995:
4939:Silas W. Lamoreux
4909:Noah C. McFarland
4899:Samuel S. Burdett
4829:Ethan Allen Brown
4758:
4757:
4513:
4512:
3999:
3998:
3663:
3662:
3357:
3356:
3054:
3053:
3045:Succeeded by
3011:Succeeded by
3001:1858–1859
2992:
2974:
2961:Succeeded by
2937:Succeeded by
2909:Succeeded by
2899:1849–1855
2828:Succeeded by
2796:Succeeded by
2745:Works related to
2206:The History Press
1814:. October 4, 1933
1464:Mississippi River
1079:Spirit Lake, Iowa
887:Subsequent career
848:it is distressing
697:Stonewall Jackson
669:brigadier general
556:
555:
529:Brigadier general
5147:
4991:
4974:Charles C. Moore
4934:William M. Stone
4929:Thomas H. Carter
4889:Joseph S. Wilson
4884:James M. Edmunds
4879:Joseph S. Wilson
4854:Richard M. Young
4785:
4778:
4771:
4762:
4761:
4690:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4517:
4516:
4232:
4032:Chairmen of the
4026:
4019:
4012:
4003:
4002:
3833:
3832:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3507:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3201:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3057:
3056:
3040:Francis Cockrell
3021:Preceded by
3006:Henry Mower Rice
2983:
2979:Preceded by
2965:
2919:Preceded by
2845:Preceded by
2831:Richard M. Young
2811:Preceded by
2779:Preceded by
2771:
2770:
2757:Internet Archive
2744:
2716:Eicher, David J.
2672:
2671:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2469:. April 16, 2009
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2302:
2283:
2282:
2276:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2049:
2040:White, Ronald C.
2036:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1906:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1857:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1804:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1739:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1565:. p. 1777.
1549:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1477:
1471:
1460:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1252:Death and legacy
1187:
1171:
1090:Henry Mower Rice
760:military science
756:Maynooth College
673:Oregon Territory
609:in 1879, in the
579:Democratic Party
527:
477:Military service
472:
422:
398:
396:
384:Personal details
370:
358:
335:
318:Richard M. Young
314:
302:
283:
264:
252:
243:
229:
219:
210:
182:
175:Seat established
172:
163:
137:
123:
114:
88:
76:
67:
42:
28:
27:
5155:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4983:
4979:Fred W. Johnson
4894:Willis Drummond
4844:Thomas H. Blake
4794:
4789:
4759:
4754:
4697:
4691:
4682:
4555:
4549:
4544:
4514:
4509:
4407:
4401:
4239:
4233:
4224:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4000:
3995:
3834:
3825:
3699:
3694:
3664:
3659:
3508:
3499:
3393:
3388:
3358:
3353:
3202:
3193:
3102:
3097:
3062:
3050:
3036:
3034:
3026:
3016:
3002:
3000:
2982:
2964:
2957:
2942:
2933:
2924:
2922:Jefferson Davis
2914:
2900:
2898:
2887:
2874:
2860:
2858:
2850:
2833:
2824:
2816:
2814:Thomas H. Blake
2801:
2792:
2784:
2737:
2681:
2679:Further reading
2676:
2675:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2306:Tucker, Spencer
2303:
2286:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2196:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2176:. June 12, 2006
2162:
2161:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2037:
2022:
2012:
2010:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1960:
1956:
1951:. Vol. 13.
1937:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1907:
1886:
1876:
1874:
1858:
1827:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1792:
1782:
1780:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1740:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1624:"James Shields"
1622:
1621:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1599:Illinois Courts
1592:
1591:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1508:prisoner of war
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1481:Willian Herndon
1478:
1474:
1468:Alton, Illinois
1461:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1254:
1222:Benjamin Butler
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1161:
1134:Valley Campaign
1110:
1084:When Minnesota
1047:
990:
925:
889:
823:Sangamo Journal
814:
772:Napoleonic Wars
768:French language
713:
634:Abraham Lincoln
628:, and later as
595:33rd Congresses
565:politician and
545:
541:
514:
512:
510:
498:
440:Political party
424:
420:
400:
394:
392:
368:
356:
348:
336:
331:
312:
306:Thomas H. Blake
300:
284:
279:
262:
250:
244:
239:
227:
217:
211:
206:
197:
180:
170:
164:
159:
150:
135:
121:
115:
110:
101:
86:
74:
68:
63:
54:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5153:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4993:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4944:Binger Hermann
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4924:Lewis A. Groff
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4834:James Whitcomb
4831:
4826:
4824:Elijah Hayward
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4765:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4698:(1973–present)
4693:
4692:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
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2940:John B. Weller
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929:Zachary Taylor
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1572:9781851096824
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1339:
1338:List of duels
1336:
1334:
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1326:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:state capitol
1294:
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1263:
1259:
1258:Ottumwa, Iowa
1249:
1247:
1246:Lewis V. Bogy
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:San Francisco
1193:
1186:
1177:
1170:
1156:
1154:
1153:Edwin Stanton
1150:
1149:major general
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
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1068:
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1032:
1027:
1025:
1024:homestead act
1021:
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1001:
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995:
985:
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938:
934:
930:
917:
912:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
884:
881:
876:
873:
872:Bloody Island
869:
863:
862:interesting."
861:
858:handsome and
857:
853:
849:
842:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:
819:
809:
807:
806:Panic of 1837
803:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
725:James Shields
722:
721:County Tyrone
718:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
691:, and at the
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:State Auditor
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
611:45th Congress
608:
604:
603:35th Congress
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:James Shields
551:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
530:
526:
522:
518:
508:
504:
501:
497:
494:
490:
487:
486:United States
484:
480:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
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448:
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442:
438:
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427:
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411:
407:
403:
391:
387:
382:
378:
375:
372:
366:
363:
360:
354:
351:
347:
346:Thomas Carlin
344:
340:
334:
329:
326:
322:
319:
316:
310:
307:
304:
298:
295:
294:James K. Polk
292:
288:
282:
277:
274:
270:
266:
260:
257:
256:Sidney Breese
254:
248:
242:
237:
234:
231:
225:
221:
215:
209:
204:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
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100:
96:
93:
90:
84:
81:
78:
72:
66:
61:
58:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:James Shields
29:
26:
22:
4969:William Spry
4964:Clay Tallman
4959:Fred Dennett
4809:Josiah Meigs
4109:
3875:
3584:
3213:
3038:
3035:1879
3029:
3004:
2995:
2985:
2984:
2970:U.S. Senator
2967:
2966:
2952:
2947:
2927:
2902:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2875:
2869:
2862:
2859:1849
2853:
2819:
2787:
2766:Find a Grave
2719:
2700:
2685:
2665:
2656:
2644:. Retrieved
2638:
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2603:
2591:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2558:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2517:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2492:
2483:
2471:. Retrieved
2464:
2455:
2443:. Retrieved
2437:
2433:Ford, Thomas
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2409:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2377:
2356:. Retrieved
2350:
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2310:
2261:. Retrieved
2242:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2200:
2178:. Retrieved
2167:
2143:. Retrieved
2124:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2086:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2045:
2011:. Retrieved
2007:the original
2000:
1964:
1957:
1946:
1919:. Retrieved
1914:
1875:. Retrieved
1865:
1816:. Retrieved
1811:
1781:. Retrieved
1775:
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1744:
1658:. Retrieved
1652:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:
1603:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1576:. Retrieved
1557:
1547:
1524:
1515:
1501:
1492:
1484:
1475:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1427:
1418:
1408:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1306:
1289:Leonard Volk
1285:U.S. Capitol
1278:
1274:
1255:
1230:yellow fever
1219:
1200:
1138:
1111:
1083:
1077:settlers in
1048:
1030:
1028:
1013:
1005:U.S. citizen
1002:
991:
978:mustered out
975:
968:
941:
933:John E. Wool
926:
916:Mathew Brady
890:
877:
868:satisfaction
865:
859:
855:
851:
847:
844:
840:
821:
815:
795:
780:
748:hedge school
745:
714:
681:Shieldsville
659:of the U.S.
657:Commissioner
650:
615:
571:U.S. history
558:
557:
535:Battles/wars
421:(1879-06-01)
419:June 1, 1879
399:May 10, 1806
369:Succeeded by
332:
313:Succeeded by
280:
263:Succeeded by
240:
228:Succeeded by
207:
187:U.S. Senator
181:Succeeded by
160:
136:Succeeded by
111:
87:Succeeded by
64:
25:
5020:1879 deaths
5015:1806 births
4864:John Wilson
4814:John McLean
4556:(1818–1973)
4430:Saltonstall
4287:R. Williams
4240:(1816–1947)
4195:Chamberlain
4060:J. Williams
4050:J. Williams
4043:(1816–1947)
3309:H. Humphrey
3174:Durenberger
3169:M. Humphrey
3164:H. Humphrey
2839:U.S. Senate
2405:Polk, James
1234:Southern US
1094:drew straws
1035:Thomas Ford
998:Joseph Lane
952:Cerro Gordo
828:paper money
737:Congressman
357:Preceded by
350:Thomas Ford
301:Preceded by
251:Preceded by
218:Preceded by
171:Preceded by
122:Preceded by
75:Preceded by
5009:Categories
4725:Didrickson
4628:McCullough
4603:Lippincott
4085:Crittenden
3971:Fitzgerald
3806:P. Douglas
3751:Richardson
3741:S. Douglas
2958:1857–1858
2934:1851–1855
2825:1845–1847
2793:1841–1843
2782:Levi Davis
2694:1410788954
1873:–55, 80–87
1539:References
1485:contending
1262:brass band
1114:California
1092:. The two
1055:East Coast
964:Churubusco
832:Whig Party
791:lieutenant
766:, and the
701:commission
500:Union Army
482:Allegiance
444:Democratic
395:1806-05-10
362:Levi Davis
4450:Goldwater
4352:McPherson
4342:McPherson
4302:Fairfield
4257:Pleasants
4200:Wadsworth
3991:Duckworth
3936:Dieterich
3781:McCormick
3731:McRoberts
3580:Armstrong
3490:McCaskill
3465:Symington
3445:Patterson
3420:Henderson
3329:Wellstone
3324:Boschwitz
3299:A. Nelson
3264:K. Nelson
3219:Wilkinson
3189:Klobuchar
3149:Shipstead
2273:cite book
1528:See also
1232:stricken
1211:Wisconsin
1209:, and to
1136:of 1862.
1075:massacred
1020:railroads
982:brevetted
960:Contreras
956:grapeshot
948:Vera Cruz
918:, c. 1863
752:clergyman
642:Mary Todd
599:Minnesota
515:1861–1862
513:1846–1848
511:1835–1842
465:Signature
450:Education
337:1841–1843
333:In office
290:President
281:In office
241:In office
208:In office
185:Himself (
161:In office
151:from the
126:Himself (
112:In office
104:Minnesota
65:In office
4705:Lindberg
4588:Campbell
4460:Thurmond
4392:Trammell
4277:Southard
4215:Reynolds
4210:Sheppard
4190:Johnston
4165:Walthall
4145:Randolph
4070:Harrison
3926:McKinley
3881:Trumbull
3796:Slattery
3746:Browning
3726:Robinson
3640:Eagleton
3630:Hennings
3610:Williams
3535:Atchison
3480:Carnahan
3475:Ashcroft
3470:Danforth
3430:Cockrell
3319:Anderson
3259:Washburn
3244:Edgerton
3159:McCarthy
3124:McMillan
2948:New seat
2889:Himself
2876:Himself
2407:(1853).
2316:ABC-CLIO
2042:(2009).
1863:(1900).
1563:ABC-CLIO
1311:See also
1063:Le Sueur
852:remember
776:Scotland
607:Missouri
583:Illinois
342:Governor
200:Illinois
57:Missouri
4800:
4750:Mendoza
4740:Stermer
4735:Topinka
4710:Bakalis
4678:Howlett
4648:Barrett
4613:Swigart
4608:Needles
4578:Shields
4440:Stennis
4435:Russell
4425:Russell
4420:Tydings
4387:F. Hale
4377:Swanson
4372:Tillman
4367:Perkins
4362:E. Hale
4357:Cameron
4347:Cameron
4337:Sargent
4322:J. Hale
4317:Mallory
4252:Sanford
4185:du Pont
4175:Proctor
4140:Spencer
4125:Johnson
4110:Shields
4080:Preston
4065:Jackson
3946:Dirksen
3921:Sherman
3916:Lorimer
3911:Hopkins
3896:Farwell
3886:Oglesby
3876:Shields
3846:Edwards
3839:Class 3
3704:Class 2
3655:Schmitt
3625:Donnell
3605:Spencer
3600:Wilfley
3585:Shields
3545:Johnson
3525:Buckner
3513:Class 3
3398:Class 1
3344:Franken
3339:Coleman
3334:Barkley
3314:Mondale
3289:Lundeen
3269:Johnson
3234:Stearns
3214:Shields
3207:Class 2
3144:Kellogg
3107:Class 1
2981:Himself
2963:Himself
2755:at the
2667:YouTube
2646:May 16,
2619:May 16,
2593:May 16,
2566:May 16,
2538:May 16,
2500:May 16,
2473:May 16,
2445:May 16,
2417:May 16,
2389:May 16,
2358:May 16,
2331:May 16,
2263:May 16,
2221:May 16,
2180:May 16,
2145:May 16,
2107:May 16,
2066:May 16,
2013:May 16,
1921:May 16,
1877:May 16,
1818:May 16,
1783:May 16,
1755:May 16,
1660:May 16,
1633:May 16,
1605:May 16,
1578:May 16,
1266:granite
1122:V Corps
944:Tampico
764:fencing
717:Altmore
638:fiancée
575:Senator
426:Ottumwa
406:Ireland
402:Altmore
267:Himself
222:Himself
4745:Munger
4720:Netsch
4715:Burris
4658:Cooper
4653:Lueder
4643:Nelson
4638:Russel
4593:Dubois
4500:Inhofe
4495:McCain
4485:Warner
4475:Warner
4465:Warner
4415:Gurney
4332:Cragin
4327:Grimes
4297:Bayard
4292:Mangum
4272:Dallas
4220:Thomas
4180:Warren
4170:Hawley
4160:Hawley
4155:Sewell
4130:Wilson
4115:Weller
4100:Benton
4090:Benton
4075:Benton
3981:Burris
3901:Palmer
3871:Breese
3851:McLean
3821:Durbin
3801:Brooks
3786:Deneen
3771:Cullom
3736:Semple
3716:McLean
3711:Thomas
3565:Jewett
3550:Wilson
3520:Barton
3495:Hawley
3485:Talent
3455:Briggs
3450:Truman
3435:Warner
3425:Schurz
3405:Benton
3284:Howard
3279:Benson
3274:Schall
3249:Windom
3239:Windom
3229:Windom
3224:Norton
3184:Dayton
3119:Ramsey
2883:Vacant
2870:Vacant
2726:
2707:
2692:
2529:
2385:. 1887
2322:
2254:
2212:
2136:
2098:
2057:
1976:
1569:
1270:bronze
1194:, 2011
1178:, 2008
897:boring
783:purser
618:Quebec
605:, and
593:, and
4730:Hynes
4673:Smith
4668:Morey
4663:Hodge
4633:Brady
4618:Pavey
4598:Miner
4583:Ewing
4573:Davis
4568:Stapp
4563:Berry
4490:Levin
4480:Levin
4470:Levin
4445:Tower
4397:Walsh
4307:Yulee
4282:Rives
4267:Hayne
4262:Lloyd
4150:Logan
4135:Logan
4120:Davis
4105:Davis
4055:Troup
3976:Obama
3961:Dixon
3951:Smith
3941:Lucas
3931:Glenn
3906:Mason
3891:Logan
3866:Young
3861:Ewing
3816:Simon
3811:Percy
3791:Lewis
3776:Lewis
3766:Davis
3761:Logan
3756:Yates
3721:Baker
3650:Blunt
3620:Clark
3615:Hawes
3595:Stone
3570:Blair
3560:Drake
3555:Brown
3540:Green
3410:Geyer
3349:Smith
3254:Sabin
3179:Grams
3139:Clapp
3134:Towne
3129:Davis
1413:ship.
1359:Notes
1018:, to
905:Irish
754:from
739:from
733:Latin
729:Greek
198:from
102:from
55:from
4623:Gore
4505:Reed
4455:Nunn
4382:Page
4312:Gwin
4247:Tait
4205:Reed
4095:Cass
3986:Kirk
3856:Kane
3645:Bond
3635:Long
3590:Vest
3575:Bogy
3530:Linn
3440:Reed
3415:Polk
3304:Ball
3294:Ball
3154:Thye
3114:Rice
2724:ISBN
2705:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2648:2018
2621:2018
2595:2018
2568:2018
2540:2018
2527:ISBN
2502:2018
2475:2018
2447:2018
2419:2018
2391:2018
2360:2018
2333:2018
2320:ISBN
2279:link
2265:2018
2252:ISBN
2223:2018
2210:ISBN
2182:2018
2147:2018
2134:ISBN
2109:2018
2096:ISBN
2068:2018
2055:ISBN
2015:2018
1974:ISBN
1923:2018
1879:2018
1820:2018
1785:2018
1757:2018
1662:2018
1635:2018
1607:2018
1580:2018
1567:ISBN
1268:and
1061:and
1059:Rice
994:Polk
962:and
950:and
901:Iowa
741:Ohio
731:and
646:duel
591:32nd
587:31st
520:Rank
509:1832
434:U.S.
430:Iowa
416:Died
389:Born
3460:Kem
2986:as
2968:as
2764:at
2130:330
1300:in
1100:to
5011::
2718:,
2664:.
2637:.
2611:.
2584:.
2557:.
2525:.
2521:.
2491:.
2463:.
2381:.
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2349:.
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2314:.
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2275:}}
2271:{{
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2166:.
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2132:.
2094:.
2090:.
2050:.
2023:^
1999:.
1988:^
1968:.
1945:.
1931:^
1913:.
1887:^
1871:50
1828:^
1810:.
1793:^
1774:.
1748:.
1670:^
1651:.
1626:.
1615:^
1596:.
1561:.
1279:A
1155:.
1124:,
1104:.
1041:.
1026:.
939:.
860:so
856:so
793:.
762:,
743:.
719:,
707:.
640:,
613:.
597:,
589:,
458:BA
432:,
428:,
408:,
404:,
4784:e
4777:t
4770:v
4539:e
4532:t
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4025:e
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3078:v
2730:.
2711:.
2696:.
2670:.
2650:.
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2542:.
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2477:.
2449:.
2421:.
2393:.
2362:.
2335:.
2281:)
2267:.
2225:.
2184:.
2149:.
2111:.
2070:.
2017:.
1982:.
1925:.
1881:.
1822:.
1787:.
1759:.
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1609:.
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1510:.
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