504:. Later he became the senior member in the results of the April 1784 election. He stayed in this position until his death. Although there is not a lot recorded about his time in parliament, his name is in a list of confidential parliamentary pensions which suggest that his undocumented work was more of an under-the-table government scheme. This suggestion is more or less backed by letters corresponding with other suggested government scammers of the time such as Paul Benfield. In 1783 he also held a position as an agent working with Sir
44:
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444:, 1775) that Macpherson had found fragments of poems and stories, and then woven them into a romance of his own composition. Further challenges and defences were made well into the nineteenth century, but the issue was moot by then. Macpherson's manuscript Gaelic "originals" were published posthumously in 1807;
541:
Mr James
Macpherson of Ossianic fame, who acquired Phoiness, Etterish, and Invernahaven, began this wretched business and did it so thoroughly that not much remained for his successors ... Every place James Macpherson acquired was cleared, and he also had a craze for changing and obliterating the old
542:
names ... ... Raitts into
Belville. Upon this point it may be noticed that Mac Ossian, in making an entail and calling four of his numerous bastards in the first instance to the succession, declares an irritancy if any of the heirs uses any other designation than that of Macpherson of Belville.
546:
Fraser-Mackintosh then asserts that
Macpherson bought the right to be buried in Westminster Abbey. A recent commentator suggests Macpherson has become known as "a descendant of a Jacobite clan who became a sycophantic Hanovarian toady, a man for the main chance".
566:
Despite the above, some critics claim that
Macpherson nonetheless produced a work of art which by its deep appreciation of natural beauty and the melancholy tenderness of its treatment of the ancient legend did more than any single work to bring about the
434:, who noted technical errors in chronology and in the forming of Gaelic names, and commented on the implausibility of many of Macpherson's claims, none of which Macpherson was able to substantiate. More forceful denunciations were later made by
499:
Despite his
Jacobite roots, and in line with his Hanovarian sympathies, for a time Macpherson had desired a seat in Parliament and he finally received it in the 1780 general election. On 11 September 1780, he became junior member for
340:, who was a firm believer in the authenticity of the poems, raised a subscription to allow Macpherson to pursue his Gaelic researches. In the autumn,1760, Macpherson set out to visit western Inverness-shire, the islands of
516:
In his later years he bought an estate, to which he gave the name
Belville or Balavil, in his native Inverness-shire, where he died at the age of 59. Macpherson's remains were carried from Scotland and interred in
301:, or in English, "No, and if they did it would be useless to ask for it now." According to Campbell, this, "dialogue... illustrates at once Macpherson's imperfect Gaelic and MacCodrum's quickness of reply."
1261:
Fingal, an ancient epic poem. : In six books: together with several other poems, composed by Ossian the son of Fingal. / Translated from the Galic language, by James
Macpherson..
322:
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The Life And
Letters of James Macpherson: Containing a particular account of his famous quarrel with Dr. Johnson, and a sketch of the origin and the influence of the Ossianic poems
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445:
356:. Allegedly, Macpherson obtained manuscripts which he translated with the assistance of a Captain Morrison and the Rev. Gallie. Later he made an expedition to the
215:
on the relationships between the 'primitive' Germanic tribes and the 'enlightened' Roman imperial army; it is also believed that he attended classes at the
219:
as a divinity student in 1755–56. During his years as a student, he ostensibly wrote over 4,000 lines of verse, some of which was later published, notably
1083:
2992:
563:(1800), concluded that the so-called Ossianic poems were altogether modern in origin, and that Macpherson's authorities were practically non-existent.
392:
Fingal, an
Ancient Epic Poem in Six Books, together with Several Other Poems composed by Ossian, the Son of Fingal, translated from the Gaelic Language
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1612:
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243:, for whom he recited some Gaelic verses from memory. He also showed him manuscripts of Gaelic poetry, supposed to have been picked up in the
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464:. He returned to Great Britain two years later, and, despite a quarrel with Johnstone, was allowed to retain his salary as a pension.
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579:(in his earlier period) were among its profound admirers. Goethe incorporated his translation of a part of the work into his novel
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Original Papers, containing the Secret
History of Great Britain from the Restoration to the Accession of the House of Hanover
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2621:
650:"Living Legends of a Lost World (print copy); This is why James Macpherson's tales of Ossian are so controversial (online)"
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508:, and was noted since this time for being very wealthy, probably from his secret parliamentary pensions he was receiving.
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movement in European, and especially in German, literature. It was quickly translated into many European languages, and
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On leaving college, he returned to Ruthven to teach in the school there, and then became a private tutor. At
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533:(Inverness 1897, pp 369 et seq, public domain), accusing the famous poet of being a perpetrator of the
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which were popular and the notion of these fragments as glimpses of an unrecorded Gaelic epic began.
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Macpherson, James; M'Arthur, John; Ross, Thomas; Cesarotti, Melchiorre; Macfarlan, Robert (1807).
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Encouraged by Home and others, Macpherson produced 15 pieces, all laments for fallen warriors,
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controversy which is not without its humorous side." When Macpherson met MacCodrum, he asked,
223:(1758), a six-canto epic poem, which he attempted to suppress sometime after its publication.
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197:, had had to remain in hiding for nine years. In the 1752-3 session, Macpherson was sent to
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1955:
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604:. The original Gaelic name is "An Uamh Bhin" ("the melodious cave"), but it was renamed by
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Macpherson went on to write several historical works, the most important of which was
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2013:
2008:
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cycle of epic poems, which he claimed to have discovered and translated from Gaelic.
92:
56:
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4130:
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951:
680:
The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Eighteenth-Century Writers and Writing 1660–1789
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475:, as written by himself (1775). He enjoyed a salary for defending the policy of
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1092:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 267–268.
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312:, despite his limitations in that tongue, which he was induced to publish at
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In 1761, Macpherson announced the discovery of an epic on the subject of
106:
1483:
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Macpherson believed himself to have asked, "Do you know anything of the
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2453:
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1144:
The Sublime Savage: A Study of James Macpherson and The poems of Ossian
836:
The International Companion to James Macpherson and the Poems of Ossian
476:
448:
was sure they were in fact back-translations from his English version.
426:
The authenticity of these translations from the works of a 3rd-century
349:
345:
337:
259:
1283:
Popular Tales of the West Highlands by J. F. Campbell Volume IV (1890)
133:
writer, poet, literary collector, and politician. He is known for the
4618:
3947:
3829:
3161:
2880:
1499:
1420:
529:
commented on the success of James Macpherson in his second series of
353:
313:
305:
236:
150:
1313:
294:?" He had actually said, however, "Do the Fianna owe you anything?"
16:
Scottish writer, poet, literary collector and politician (1736–1796)
4758:
1858:
1453:
1446:
1317:
1127:. Continuum International Publishing Group – Athlone. p. 400.
804:
590:
154:
64:
1073:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
479:'s government, and held the lucrative post of London agent to the
403:
323:
Fragments of Ancient Poetry collected in the Highlands of Scotland
4430:
3181:
2772:
1227:
1103:
2875:
1529:
1239:
601:
456:
In 1764 Macpherson was made secretary to the colonial governor
379:
369:
299:"Cha n-eil agus ge do bhiodh cha ruiginn a leas iarraidh a nis"
291:
283:
278:. As a result of their encounter, MacCodrum made, according to
232:
178:
134:
2563:
193:
march south, when Macpherson was nine years old and after the
1415:
387:
402:/Finn McCool. The figure of Ossian was based on Fionn's son
2831:
931:
430:
was immediately challenged by Irish historians, especially
427:
267:
838:. Glasgow: Scottish Literature International. p. 9.
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
5072:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Camelford
1179:
966:
885:
1165:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 256.
1146:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 200.
1108:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 573.
703:
596:
Macpherson's legacy indirectly includes the naming of
987:
Holy Madness: Romantics, Patriots and Revolutionaries
788:"The Works of "Fiona MacLeod" Notes to First Edition"
589:'s Italian translation was reputedly a favourite of
491:
and continued to sit for the remainder of his life.
226:
674:Baines, Paul; Ferraro, Julian; Rogers, Pat (2010).
673:
1141:
608:in 1772 at the height of Macpherson's popularity.
410:, meaning "white stranger". Another related poem,
1009:
989:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 45.
5003:
1186:. London: Swan Sonnernschein & Co. pp.
879:
867:. S. Sonnenschein & co .; Macmillan & co
785:
382:, which he published in December. Like the 1760
360:, where he claimed to obtain other manuscripts.
1160:
1122:
2579:
1344:
1034:
829:
762:
1473:
1444:
1430:
667:
441:A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland
129:; 27 October 1736 – 17 February 1796) was a
1539:
1104:Gaskill, Howard; Macpherson, James (1996).
962:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
417:followed in 1763, and a collected edition,
140:
2586:
2572:
1351:
1337:
861:"The Life and Letters of James Macpherson"
808:The poems of Ossian in the original Gaelic
42:
19:For other people with similar names, see
1358:
1255:Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
1078:
984:
972:
937:
724:
205:(the two institutions later became the
5004:
858:
5037:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
4933:Romanticism and the French Revolution
2567:
1589:
1370:
1332:
1106:The poems of Ossian and Related Works
1041:. Edinburgh: Canongate. p. 544.
647:
494:
487:in 1780, as Member of Parliament for
386:, it was written in musical measured
5102:People of the Scottish Enlightenment
5032:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
892:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 96.
643:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
288:"A bheil dad agaibh air an Fheinne?"
1014:. Birlinn Publishers. p. 268.
756:
394:. The narrative was related to the
76:Belville, Inverness-shire, Scotland
13:
1305:Works by or about James Macpherson
1097:
886:Lewis Namier; John Brooke (1985).
473:Extracts from the Life of James II
326:. Extracts were then published in
14:
5143:
1205:
1125:The Reception of Ossian in Europe
949:A "somewhat merciless exposure";
779:
630:
390:. The full title of the work was
227:Collecting Scottish Gaelic poetry
173:, established in 1719 to enforce
21:James Macpherson (disambiguation)
5127:Translators from Scottish Gaelic
4986:
4985:
2547:
2546:
1321:
1238:
1226:
1211:
1180:Saunders, Thomas Bailey (1895).
1066:
959:Dictionary of National Biography
751:Highland Songs of the Forty-Five
738:Highland Songs of the Forty-Five
189:joined the Jacobite army in the
25:James McPherson (disambiguation)
2593:
1028:
1003:
978:
943:
906:
889:The House of Commons, 1754-1790
852:
790:. SundownShores. Archived from
1035:Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004).
823:
811:. London: Printed by W. Bulmer
798:
743:
730:
451:
1:
5112:Scottish folk-song collectors
5022:18th-century Scottish writers
4956:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
832:"Ossian and the Gaelic World"
623:
406:. Fingal takes his name from
297:In reply, MacCodrum quipped,
282:, "a brief appearance in the
1590:
1476:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
1289:The Poetical Works of Ossian
1265:National Library of Scotland
830:Ní Mhunghaile, Lesa (2017).
582:The Sorrows of Young Werther
258:In 1760, Macpherson visited
201:, moving two years later to
165:-speaking area but near the
7:
5027:18th-century Scottish poets
1445:
1320:(public domain audiobooks)
1292:at the Ex-Classics Web Site
1142:Stafford, Fiona J. (1988).
682:. Wiley. pp. 227–228.
611:
384:Fragments of Ancient Poetry
93:Marischal College, Aberdeen
10:
5148:
4873:Coleridge's theory of life
1371:
1059:
1010:Elizabeth A. Bray (1999).
834:. In Moore, Dafydd (ed.).
648:Riach, Alan (8 May 2020).
555:After Macpherson's death,
367:
74:17 February 1796 (aged 59)
18:
5082:Politicians from Aberdeen
4965:
4928:Romanticism and economics
4865:
4757:
4504:
4326:
4271:
4240:
4164:
4113:
4062:
4021:
3930:
3874:
3838:
3792:
3783:
3628:
3572:
3521:
3480:
3439:
3393:
3335:
3205:
3084:
3006:
2943:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
2925:
2916:
2802:
2670:
2601:
2533:
2487:
2389:
2346:
2325:
2272:
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2225:
2172:
2106:
2058:
2022:
1989:
1908:
1867:
1711:
1600:
1596:
1585:
1490:Methodological skepticism
1381:
1377:
1366:
1314:Works by James Macpherson
1296:Works by James Macpherson
1012:Discovery of the Hebrides
918:www.westminster-abbey.org
859:Bailey, Saunders (1894).
786:Mary Ann Dobratz (2000).
550:
527:Charles Fraser-Mackintosh
363:
183:Jacobite uprising of 1715
102:
88:
80:
70:
50:
41:
34:
2708:German historical school
1161:Gaskill, Howard (1991).
1123:Gaskill, Howard (2002).
559:, in an appendix to his
511:
471:, to which are prefixed
332:The Gentleman's Magazine
199:King's College, Aberdeen
141:Early life and education
3355:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
1270:Literary Encyclopedia:
1089:Encyclopædia Britannica
985:Zamoyski, Adam (2001).
316:in 1760, including the
276:Clan MacDonald of Sleat
217:University of Edinburgh
145:Macpherson was born at
127:Seumas Mac a' Phearsain
97:University of Edinburgh
5132:Translators to English
5062:Epic poetry collectors
4938:Romanticism in science
4893:Middle Ages in history
4888:List of Romantic poets
3600:Josiah Gilbert Holland
1540:
1474:
1440:Enlightened absolutism
1431:
1231:Quotations related to
953:"Laing, Malcolm"
763:Mike Campbell (2008).
544:
446:Ludwig Christian Stern
378:supposedly written by
207:University of Aberdeen
185:. Macpherson's uncle,
5097:People from Kingussie
5092:People from Inverness
5087:Writers from Aberdeen
5052:British MPs 1790–1796
5047:British MPs 1784–1790
5042:British MPs 1780–1784
4908:Romantic epistemology
4898:Opium and Romanticism
3467:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
2693:Counter-Enlightenment
1406:Counter-Enlightenment
1259:Digitised version of
539:
5122:Scottish translators
5117:Scottish politicians
4972:Age of Enlightenment
2614:England (literature)
1360:Age of Enlightenment
1247:at Wikimedia Commons
1038:The Scottish Islands
209:), reading Caesar's
4923:Romantic psychology
2718:Hudson River School
2662:Sweden (literature)
2647:Russia (literature)
2366:Feijóo y Montenegro
2317:Vorontsova-Dashkova
940:, pp. 267–268.
794:on 16 October 2013.
767:. Behindthename.com
676:"Macpherson, James"
587:Melchiore Cesarotti
561:History of Scotland
535:Highland Clearances
525:MP and antiquarian
438:, who asserted (in
420:The Works of Ossian
280:John Lorne Campbell
5077:Mythopoeic writers
5067:Literary forgeries
2908:White Mountain art
2849:Historical fiction
2657:Spain (literature)
1505:Natural philosophy
1263:, 1762 edition at
1216:Works by or about
914:"James Macpherson"
495:Time in Parliament
462:Pensacola, Florida
400:Fionn mac Cumhaill
396:Irish mythological
328:The Scots Magazine
253:The Death of Oscar
245:Scottish Highlands
195:Battle of Culloden
123:Seumas MacMhuirich
4999:
4998:
4913:Romantic medicine
4883:List of romantics
4322:
4321:
3973:Felix Mendelssohn
3968:Fanny Mendelssohn
3779:
3778:
3493:Rosalía de Castro
3431:Soares dos Passos
2779:Transcendentalism
2743:Nazarene movement
2703:Düsseldorf School
2561:
2560:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2524:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1554:Scientific method
1411:Critical thinking
1300:Project Gutenberg
1278:Significant Scots
1243:Media related to
1084:Macpherson, James
1048:978-1-84195-454-7
899:978-0-436-30420-0
749:Campbell (1971),
736:Campbell (1971),
600:on the island of
531:Antiquarian Notes
519:Westminster Abbey
506:Nathaniel Wraxall
251:; one was called
203:Marischal College
149:in the parish of
112:
111:
103:Literary movement
5139:
4989:
4988:
4948:Evolution theory
3790:
3789:
2923:
2922:
2784:Ukrainian school
2588:
2581:
2574:
2565:
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2549:
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1379:
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1368:
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1346:
1339:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1309:Internet Archive
1251:James Macpherson
1245:James Macpherson
1242:
1233:James Macpherson
1230:
1218:James Macpherson
1215:
1201:
1176:
1163:Ossian Revisited
1157:
1138:
1119:
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753:, pages 247-247.
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645:
606:Sir Joseph Banks
458:George Johnstone
239:, the author of
167:Ruthven Barracks
115:James Macpherson
84:Poet, translator
46:
36:James Macpherson
32:
31:
5147:
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5142:
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5057:Clan Macpherson
5002:
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4918:Romantic poetry
4903:Romantic ballet
4878:German idealism
4861:
4827:Lacoue-Labarthe
4753:
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4318:
4267:
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4217:Rimsky-Korsakov
4160:
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3272:Maria Edgeworth
3208:
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3080:
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2891:Romantic genius
2821:Gesamtkunstwerk
2798:
2759:Sturm und Drang
2666:
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2557:
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2543:
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2233:Carvalho e Melo
2221:
2168:
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2054:
2018:
1985:
1904:
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1707:
1592:
1573:
1559:Spanish America
1433:Encyclopédistes
1396:Civil liberties
1373:
1362:
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1098:Further reading
1082:, ed. (1911). "
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432:Charles O'Conor
372:
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320:in a pamphlet:
318:Death of Oscar,
310:Scottish Gaelic
266:, the official
229:
187:Ewen Macpherson
163:Scottish Gaelic
159:Inverness-shire
143:
95:
89:Alma mater
75:
61:Inverness-shire
55:
54:27 October 1736
37:
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5107:Romantic poets
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4866:Related topics
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2827:Gothic fiction
2824:
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2815:British Marine
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1206:External links
1204:
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1197:978-1103168255
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1080:Chisholm, Hugh
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977:
975:, p. 268.
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765:"Name: Fingal"
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727:, p. 267.
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368:Main article:
365:
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264:John MacCodrum
228:
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4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
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4868:
4864:
4858:
4855:
4853:
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4848:
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4828:
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4808:
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4800:
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4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
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4762:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4745:
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4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
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4660:
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4509:
4507:
4503:
4497:
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4479:
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4459:
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4409:
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4399:
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4392:
4389:
4387:
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4379:
4377:
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4372:
4369:
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4364:
4362:
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4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
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4325:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
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4302:
4300:
4297:
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4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
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4274:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
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4239:
4233:
4230:
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4210:
4208:
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4134:
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4129:
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4119:
4118:
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4112:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
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4027:
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4020:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
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4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
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3979:
3976:
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3969:
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3929:
3923:
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3915:
3913:
3910:
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3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
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3873:
3867:
3864:
3862:
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3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
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3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
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3795:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
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3759:
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3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3686:Nikolai Gogol
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
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3631:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
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3601:
3598:
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3588:
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3557:
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3545:
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3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
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3483:
3479:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
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3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:P. B. Shelley
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:Mary Robinson
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3026:Chateaubriand
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2855:Mal du siècle
2852:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2532:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2489:United States
2486:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:Budai-Deleanu
2247:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1613:Ashley-Cooper
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1584:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1515:Progressivism
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:Individualism
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1172:0-7486-0247-X
1168:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1153:0-85224-609-9
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1134:0-485-80504-9
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1115:0-7486-0707-2
1111:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1075:public domain
1064:
1063:
1050:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1021:1-874744-59-9
1017:
1013:
1006:
998:
996:1-84212-145-6
992:
988:
981:
974:
973:Chisholm 1911
969:
961:
960:
954:
946:
939:
938:Chisholm 1911
934:
919:
915:
909:
901:
895:
891:
890:
882:
866:
862:
855:
847:
845:9781908980199
841:
837:
833:
826:
810:
809:
801:
793:
789:
782:
766:
759:
752:
746:
739:
733:
726:
725:Chisholm 1911
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
691:
689:9781444390087
685:
681:
677:
670:
655:
651:
644:
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
629:
619:
618:Iolo Morganwg
616:
615:
609:
607:
603:
599:
598:Fingal's Cave
594:
592:
588:
584:
583:
578:
574:
570:
564:
562:
558:
557:Malcolm Laing
548:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
509:
507:
503:
492:
490:
486:
483:. He entered
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
449:
447:
443:
442:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
421:
416:
414:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
371:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
324:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:and met with
261:
256:
254:
250:
249:Western Isles
246:
242:
238:
234:
224:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:. This was a
160:
156:
152:
148:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
73:
69:
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3661:Chavchavadze
3651:Baratashvili
3411:João de Deus
3380:Wincenty Pol
3172:Küchelbecker
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2622:(literature)
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1734:Beaumarchais
1564:Universality
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4664:Michałowski
4496:Wackenroder
4461:F. Schlegel
4456:A. Schlegel
4232:Tchaikovsky
4121:Bortkiewicz
3993:R. Schumann
3988:C. Schumann
3953:Kalkbrenner
3922:Saint-Saëns
3227:Anne Brontë
3112:Eichendorff
3097:B. v. Arnim
3092:A. v. Arnim
2902:Weltschmerz
2861:Medievalism
2810:Blue flower
2738:Nationalist
2683:Bohemianism
2595:Romanticism
2539:Romanticism
2361:Charles III
2202:Poniatowski
2139:Leeuwenhoek
2119:de la Court
2107:Netherlands
1951:Mendelssohn
1946:Lichtenberg
1824:Montesquieu
1542:Sapere aude
1525:Rationalism
1520:Rationality
1510:Objectivity
815:27 November
771:16 November
740:, page 246.
452:Later works
423:, in 1765.
107:Romanticism
5006:Categories
4539:Chassériau
4514:Aivazovsky
4222:Rubinstein
4207:Mussorgsky
4156:Wieniawski
4141:Paderewski
3983:Moszkowski
3766:Vörösmarty
3756:Shevchenko
3610:Longfellow
3534:Batyushkov
3529:Baratynsky
3498:Espronceda
3365:Mickiewicz
3360:Malczewski
3327:Wordsworth
3312:M. Shelley
3267:de Quincey
3132:Günderrode
3016:Baudelaire
2896:Wanderlust
2733:Lake Poets
2381:Villarroel
2376:Jovellanos
2312:Radishchev
2259:Micu-Klein
2197:Niemcewicz
2164:Swammerdam
2154:Nieuwentyt
2144:Mandeville
1999:Farmakidis
1885:Burlamaqui
1794:La Mettrie
1769:Fontenelle
1724:d'Argenson
1719:d'Alembert
1643:Harrington
1569:Utopianism
1469:Liberalism
1426:Empiricism
1401:Classicism
1391:Capitalism
1222:Wikisource
923:5 February
865:WebArchive
624:References
485:parliament
477:Lord North
408:Fionnghall
398:character
350:South Uist
346:North Uist
338:Hugh Blair
306:translated
260:North Uist
181:after the
177:rule from
81:Occupation
4979:Modernism
4639:Kiprensky
4599:Géricault
4584:Friedrich
4574:Delacroix
4549:Constable
4529:Bonington
4519:Bierstadt
4471:Senancour
4446:Schelling
4401:Lamennais
4396:Khomyakov
4361:Coleridge
4356:Chaadayev
4263:Stanković
4258:Mokranjac
4177:Balakirev
4136:Moniuszko
4085:Donizetti
4080:Cherubini
3978:Meyerbeer
3963:Marschner
3938:Beethoven
3851:Moscheles
3785:Musicians
3771:Wergeland
3736:Orbeliani
3691:Grundtvig
3595:Hawthorne
3564:Zhukovsky
3559:Vyazemsky
3544:Lermontov
3503:Gutiérrez
3462:Radičević
3426:Herculano
3350:Krasiński
3292:Radcliffe
3262:Coleridge
3237:E. Brontë
3232:C. Brontë
3162:Jean Paul
3157:Hölderlin
3046:Lamartine
2983:Magalhães
2973:Guimarães
2881:Pantheism
2871:Nostalgia
2723:Indianism
2671:Movements
2602:Countries
2502:Jefferson
2444:Hutcheson
2333:Obradović
2302:Lomonosov
2297:Kheraskov
2207:Śniadecki
1971:Weishaupt
1966:Thomasius
1956:Pufendorf
1799:Lavoisier
1784:d'Holbach
1779:Helvétius
1759:Descartes
1754:Condorcet
1749:Condillac
1683:Priestley
1500:Modernity
1421:Democracy
695:6 October
502:Camelford
489:Camelford
354:Benbecula
314:Edinburgh
308:from the
237:John Home
151:Kingussie
4991:Category
4807:Dahlhaus
4792:Blanning
4759:Scholars
4729:Tropinin
4724:Tidemand
4714:Stattler
4709:Scheffer
4609:Głowacki
4579:Edelfelt
4534:Bryullov
4476:Snellman
4451:Schiller
4441:Rousseau
4421:Michelet
4366:Constant
4336:Belinsky
4309:Sibelius
4253:Konjović
4227:Scriabin
4197:Lyapunov
4131:Lipiński
4100:Spontini
4090:Paganini
4034:Goldmark
3825:Thalberg
3820:Schubert
3800:Bruckner
3761:Topelius
3751:Runeberg
3741:Prešeren
3711:Leopardi
3676:Frashëri
3666:Eminescu
3646:Andersen
3554:Tyutchev
3539:Karamzin
3513:Zorrilla
3508:Saavedra
3406:Castilho
3394:Portugal
3385:Słowacki
3287:Polidori
3217:Barbauld
3152:Hoffmann
3107:Brentano
3021:Bertrand
2842:Romantic
2678:Ancients
2652:Scotland
2552:Category
2497:Franklin
2464:Playfair
2434:Ferguson
2391:Scotland
2338:Mrazović
2292:Kantemir
2287:Fonvizin
2226:Portugal
2192:Krasicki
2187:Konarski
2182:Kołłątaj
2134:Koerbagh
2083:Genovesi
2068:Beccaria
2030:Berkeley
1961:Schiller
1926:Humboldt
1900:Saussure
1895:Rousseau
1859:Voltaire
1814:Maréchal
1789:Jaucourt
1744:Châtelet
1739:Chamfort
1688:Reynolds
1591:Thinkers
1495:Midlands
1484:Lumières
1454:Humanism
1447:Haskalah
1318:LibriVox
612:See also
591:Napoleon
569:romantic
284:Ossianic
247:and the
155:Badenoch
131:Scottish
65:Scotland
4832:Lovejoy
4767:Abraham
4689:Richard
4679:Préault
4604:Girodet
4486:Thoreau
4431:Novalis
4416:Mazzini
4411:Maistre
4386:Hazlitt
4371:Emerson
4351:Carlyle
4341:Berchet
4284:Berwald
4279:Bennett
4248:Hristić
4202:Medtner
4182:Borodin
4172:Arensky
4095:Rossini
4070:Bellini
4049:Joachim
4022:Hungary
4003:Strauss
3931:Germany
3897:Berlioz
3866:Voříšek
3861:Smetana
3839:Czechia
3793:Austria
3726:Maturin
3721:Manzoni
3696:Heliade
3671:Foscolo
3641:Alfieri
3636:Abovian
3590:Emerson
3549:Pushkin
3488:Bécquer
3421:Garrett
3375:Potocki
3322:Southey
3282:Maturin
3252:Carlyle
3209:Britain
3182:Novalis
3137:Gutzkow
3085:Germany
3051:Mérimée
3036:Gautier
2963:Barreto
2958:Azevedo
2938:Alencar
2918:Writers
2837:Byronic
2773:Purismo
2627:Germany
2609:Denmark
2507:Madison
2479:Stewart
2419:Burnett
2414:Boswell
2399:Beattie
2371:Moratín
2356:Cadalso
2307:Novikov
2242:Romania
2217:Wybicki
2212:Staszic
2159:Spinoza
2129:Huygens
2124:Grotius
2078:Galvani
2073:Galiani
2023:Ireland
2004:Feraios
1976:Wieland
1941:Lessing
1936:Leibniz
1909:Germany
1890:Prévost
1875:Abauzit
1839:Quesnay
1829:Morelly
1819:Meslier
1804:Leclerc
1764:Diderot
1653:Johnson
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1608:Addison
1601:England
1549:Science
1386:Atheism
1307:at the
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1077::
1060:Sources
270:to the
241:Douglas
235:he met
169:of the
147:Ruthven
57:Ruthven
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4837:de Man
4822:Janion
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4734:Turner
4684:Révoil
4669:Palmer
4659:Martin
4654:Leutze
4629:Janmot
4589:Fuseli
4544:Church
4436:Quinet
4426:Müller
4381:Goethe
4376:Fichte
4299:Franck
4241:Serbia
4192:Glinka
4165:Russia
4151:Tausig
4146:Stolpe
4126:Chopin
4114:Poland
4075:Busoni
4039:Heller
4008:Wagner
3943:Brahms
3917:Onslow
3907:Halévy
3875:France
3856:Reicha
3846:Dvořák
3815:Mahler
3810:Hummel
3805:Czerny
3701:Isaacs
3681:Geijer
3615:Lowell
3605:Irving
3585:Cooper
3580:Bryant
3522:Russia
3457:Njegoš
3452:Kostić
3447:Jakšić
3440:Serbia
3370:Norwid
3345:Fredro
3337:Poland
3307:Seward
3197:Uhland
3187:Schwab
3177:Mörike
3167:Kleist
3122:Goethe
3117:Fouqué
3066:Nodier
3061:Nerval
3056:Musset
3008:France
2998:Varela
2993:Taunay
2978:Macedo
2926:Brazil
2876:Ossian
2803:Themes
2642:Poland
2637:Norway
2619:France
2459:Newton
2449:Hutton
2429:Cullen
2326:Serbia
2274:Russia
2264:Șincai
2174:Poland
2114:Bekker
2088:Pagano
2050:Toland
2014:Korais
2009:Kairis
1991:Greece
1921:Herder
1916:Goethe
1880:Bonnet
1868:Geneva
1854:Turgot
1844:Raynal
1834:Pascal
1774:Gouges
1712:France
1698:Tindal
1693:Sidney
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521:. The
413:Temora
380:Ossian
376:Fingal
370:Ossian
364:Ossian
292:Fianna
233:Moffat
179:London
135:Ossian
119:Gaelic
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4852:Rosen
4847:Ricks
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4802:Blume
4797:Bloom
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4699:Runge
4649:Lampi
4634:Jones
4624:Hayez
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4406:Larra
4391:Hegel
4346:Burke
4304:Grieg
4294:Field
4289:Elgar
4272:Other
4105:Verdi
4063:Italy
4054:Liszt
4044:Hubay
4029:Erkel
4013:Weber
3998:Spohr
3958:Loewe
3948:Bruch
3912:Méhul
3902:Fauré
3892:Auber
3887:Alkan
3746:Raffi
3716:Mácha
3706:Lenau
3656:Botev
3629:Other
3481:Spain
3416:Dinis
3302:Scott
3277:Keats
3257:Clare
3247:Byron
3242:Burns
3222:Blake
3207:Great
3192:Tieck
3147:Heine
3142:Hauff
3076:Vigny
3071:Staël
3031:Dumas
2953:Assis
2948:Alves
2933:Abreu
2886:Rhine
2789:Ultra
2632:Japan
2517:Paine
2512:Mason
2474:Smith
2424:Burns
2409:Blair
2404:Black
2348:Spain
2254:Maior
2149:Meyer
2093:Verri
2060:Italy
2045:Swift
2040:Burke
2035:Boyle
1981:Wolff
1809:Mably
1729:Bayle
1678:Price
1658:Locke
1648:Hooke
1618:Bacon
1416:Deism
871:6 May
512:Death
404:Oisín
388:prose
272:Chief
4817:Frye
4744:Ward
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4694:Rude
4644:Koch
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4564:Dahl
4554:Cole
3882:Adam
3830:Wolf
3573:U.S.
3472:Zmaj
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3041:Hugo
2988:Reis
2968:Dias
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2698:Dark
2469:Reid
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2439:Hume
2098:Vico
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1849:Sade
1673:Pope
1192:ISBN
1167:ISBN
1148:ISBN
1129:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1016:ISBN
991:ISBN
925:2018
894:ISBN
873:2015
840:ISBN
817:2019
773:2008
697:2014
684:ISBN
661:2020
575:and
428:bard
352:and
342:Skye
330:and
268:Bard
191:1745
175:Whig
71:Died
51:Born
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