22:
302:
340:, had to assist the rest of the fleet into the harbor. Lancaster's men remained in better health than the men on the other ships because every morning he gave them three spoonfuls of bottled lemon juice that he had taken to sea. Lancaster would spend much of his time in Madagascar, where he would retrieve more lemon juice, and other citrus to treat his men.
178:, he led an assault landing, seized the town and (with the assistance of a flotilla of Dutch traders who also threw in their lot with him) held it for several weeks and embarked the carrack's cargo along with local produce such as
63:
as a merchant and soldier, but returned to
England in 1587. He thereafter became a trusted employee of the London merchant Thomas Cordell, commanding his merchant ship ‘Edward Bonaventure’ in the fleet against the
235:
and looted it. The return voyage from 20 February to 11 September 1603 was speedy and prosperous, and
Lancaster (whose success both in trade and diplomacy had been brilliant) was rewarded with a
138:, the crews insisted on returning home. The return voyage was disastrous, with only twenty-five officers and men surviving to reach England in May 1594. Lancaster himself reached
343:
The
Admiralty received Lancaster's report. In 1795 – nearly 200 years later and after countless, unnecessary deaths – the Admiralty finally mandated lemon juice for all sailors.
332:
in southwest
England on 21 April 1601, and scurvy began appearing in three of the ships by 1 August (4 months after sailing). By the time of arrival, 9 September, at
418:
710:
Eastward Ho! The First
English Adventurers to the Orient: Richard Chancellor, Anthony Jenkinson, James Lancaster, William Adams, Sir Thomas Roe
246:
Lancaster continued to be one of the chief directors of the East India
Company until his death in June 1618. Most of the voyages of the early
654:
816:
811:
796:
465:
765:
736:
402:
List of factory records of the late East India
Company : preserved in the Record Department of the India Office, London
282:. One was for the benefit of officials and poor people in Basingstoke, and was subsequently transferred by court order to
174:'s account) highly professional in its conduct and very successful; after picking up a chance-met separate squadron under
495:
801:
491:
560:
The Health of Seamen:Selections from the Works of Dr. James Lind, Sir
Gilbert Blance and Dr. Thomas Trotter
806:
170:
which had put in there on its way back from India. Unlike the East Indies voyage, this was (according to
757:
147:
791:
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in southern Africa, the three ships were so devastated by scurvy that the men of
Lancaster's ship,
151:
685:
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At some point in his travels, Lancaster noted the efficacy of fresh fruit as a preventative for
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379:"Sir James Lancaster | Explorer, East India Company & Sea Captain | Britannica"
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8:
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606:"Scurvy and the health of European crews in the Indian Ocean in the seventeenth century"
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146:'s overland explorations and trading, was an important factor in the foundation of the
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466:"210773-4 SIR JAMES LANCASTER FOR POOR SCHOLARS OF OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITIES"
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His will (dated 18 April 1618) established two charitable trusts administered by the
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In 1601 Lancaster performed an experimental study of the antiscorbutic effects of
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in June. Here
Lancaster remained on the island until September of the same year.
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37:
189:'s first fleet (which sailed from Torbay on 22 April, 1601); his vessel was the
513:"'Sixteen Naked Indians': First Contact between the British and the Orang Asli"
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400:
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223:. An alliance was established with Aceh, the first English East India Company
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104:) was the earliest of the English overseas Indian expeditions. They reached
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639:
567:
558:
Lind, James (1965). "Treatise of the Scurvy". In Lloyd, Christopher (ed.).
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182:(the source of a valuable red dye used in the woollen textile industry).
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88:, with George Raymond and Samuel Foxcroft, on his major voyage to the
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were undertaken under his sponsorship and direction. In July 1616,
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361:"Sir James Lancaster, 1554/5-1618 | Royal Museums Greenwich"
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established at Bantam and a commercial mission dispatched to the
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298:, to whom the Skinners' Company still provides grants today.
199:'s special envoy to various Eastern potentates. Going by the
85:
751:
The Voyages of Sir James Lancaster, Kt., to the East Indies.
726:
655:"Sailors' scurvy before and after James Lind–a reassessment"
517:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
166:, aimed at seizing the cargo of a storm-damaged Portuguese
497:
The History of the Twelve Great Livery Companies of London
744:
The Basingstoke Admiral: a life of Sir James Lancaster
739:, a portrait from the National Maritime Museum, London
115:
on 12 September, the squadron rested and refitted at
652:
395:
773:
472:. Charity Commission for England and Wales. 1998
732:Ye Olde Booke O' Seadogs: Sir James Lancaster
422:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
500:. London: self-published. pp. 361–363.
231:. Lancaster also seized a large Portuguese
416:Beckingham, C. F. "Lancaster, Sir James".
629:
460:
458:
604:Tickner, F.J. & V.C. Medvei (1958).
328:juice. His fleet of four ships departed
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203:(1 November 1601) Lancaster visited the
142:on 24 May 1594. His Indian voyage, like
80:On 10 April 1591 Lancaster started from
75:
20:
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419:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
32:(c. 1554 – 6 June 1618) was an English
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185:In 1600 he was given command of the
817:17th-century English businesspeople
812:16th-century English businesspeople
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250:both to India and in search of the
123:the following May, and reached the
13:
712:(John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1931)
699:
14:
828:
797:British East India Company people
716:
581:Sharpe, Brandon (23 April 2015).
674:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00205.x
562:. London: Navy Records Society.
286:in 1717. The other was for poor
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1:
470:Central Register of Charities
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92:; this fleet of three ships (
16:English privateer (1554–1618)
749:Markham, Clements R. (1887)
436:UK public library membership
262:, on the north-west side of
195:. He was also accredited as
150:. In the same year he led a
59:Lancaster was brought up in
7:
727:Encyclopædia Britannica.com
653:Baron, Jeremy Hugh (2009).
10:
833:
758:Cambridge University Press
134:After a later crossing to
742:Franks, Michael. (2007).
622:10.1017/s0025727300023255
312:
119:(February 1592), rounded
215:(from 5 June 1602), and
802:People from Basingstoke
450:The Englishman of India
284:Basingstoke Corporation
273:
266:(74° N.), was named by
239:from the newly crowned
176:Captain Henry Middleton
152:privateering expedition
68:in 1588, serving under
25:James Lancaster in 1596
428:10.1093/ref:odnb/15961
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258:, the entrance to the
26:
529:10.1353/ras.2021.0025
511:Lim, Teckwyn (2021).
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207:(from 9 April 1602),
76:East India activities
24:
111:Losing one ship off
48:Lancaster came from
737:Sir James Lancaster
723:Sir James Lancaster
211:and other parts of
30:Sir James Lancaster
807:English privateers
706:Foster Rhea Dulles
585:. Thinkingpast.com
583:"Selden Map Atlas"
397:East India Company
383:www.britannica.com
310:
187:East India Company
148:East India Company
127:having arrived at
108:on 1 August 1591.
102:Edward Bonaventure
36:and trader of the
27:
766:978-1-108-01147-1
662:Nutrition Reviews
448:Raikes, Charles,
434:(Subscription or
280:Skinners' Company
270:after Sir James.
260:Northwest Passage
252:Northwest Passage
243:in October 1603.
201:Cape of Good Hope
70:Sir Francis Drake
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691:on 3 April 2015.
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684:. Archived from
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180:Brazil-wood
144:Ralph Fitch
90:East Indies
50:Basingstoke
776:Categories
438:required.)
347:References
338:Red Dragon
307:Red Dragon
264:Baffin Bay
237:knighthood
192:Red Dragon
156:Pernambuco
545:247619734
537:2180-4338
334:Table Bay
296:Cambridge
106:Table Bay
54:Hampshire
34:privateer
760:, 2010.
682:19519673
640:13515823
589:28 April
494:(1836).
399:(1897).
288:divinity
229:Moluccas
205:Nicobars
154:against
117:Zanzibar
94:Penelope
61:Portugal
631:1034340
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241:James I
233:galleon
225:factory
213:Sumatra
172:Hakluyt
168:carrack
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330:Torbay
319:scurvy
313:Scurvy
292:Oxford
217:Bantam
164:Brazil
160:Recife
136:Ceylon
129:Penang
82:Torbay
689:(PDF)
658:(PDF)
541:S2CID
326:lemon
86:Devon
762:ISBN
678:PMID
636:PMID
591:2015
564:OCLC
533:ISSN
478:2008
305:The
294:and
274:Will
221:Java
209:Aceh
158:and
100:and
725:at
670:doi
626:PMC
618:doi
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321:.
219:in
162:in
140:Rye
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
