James Forrestal - Knowledge

757: 1271: 1596:, which he co-owned. That article, later entered into the Congressional Record and republished, suggested Forrestal has been forced to resign amid pressure from "disgruntled politicians, Communists, Zionists, and gossip columnists". Huie opined that "Much of the truth has thus far been suppressed, but the ghost of Jim Forrestal is not going to be laid until there are reasonable answers to such questions as these: Why was the attack on Forrestal so reckless and sadistically savage? Why have his papers been held secret? Where is the report of those who investigated his death? Why was the deposed Defense Secretary held a virtual prisoner at Bethesda Naval Hospital – a prisoner who could not be visited by his own priest." 1158:. Forrestal met with Dewey privately, and it was agreed he would continue as Secretary of Defense under a Dewey administration. Unwittingly, Forrestal would trigger a series of events that would not only undermine his already precarious position with Truman but also contribute to the loss of his job, his failing health and eventual demise. Weeks before the election, Pearson published an exposé of the meetings between Dewey and Forrestal. In 1949, angered over Forrestal's continued opposition to his defense economization policies, and concerned about reports in the press over his mental condition, Truman abruptly asked Forrestal to resign. By March 31, 1949, Forrestal was out of a job. He was replaced by 927: 3828: 4460: 918:, concerning infiltration of the government by Communists. Upon McCarthy's arrival in Washington in December 1946, Forrestal invited him to lunch. In McCarthy's words, "Before meeting Jim Forrestal I thought we were losing to international Communism because of incompetence and stupidity on the part of our planners. I mentioned that to Forrestal. I shall forever remember his answer. He said, 'McCarthy, consistency has never been a mark of stupidity. If they were merely stupid, they would occasionally make a mistake in our favor.' This phrase struck me so forcefully that I have often used it since." 935: 3842: 1042:, Truman was known to approach defense budgetary requests in the abstract, without regard to defense response requirements in the event of conflicts with potential enemies. The president would begin by subtracting from total receipts the amount needed for domestic needs and recurrent operating costs, with any surplus going to the defense budget for that year. The Truman administration's willingness to slash conventional readiness needs for the Navy and Marine Corps soon caused fierce controversies within the upper ranks of their respective branches. 3835: 1350: 1255:. He was checked into NNMC five days later. The decision to house him on the 16th floor instead of the first floor was justified in the same way. Forrestal's condition was officially announced as "nervous and physical exhaustion"; his lead doctor, Captain Raines, diagnosed his condition as "depression" or "reactive depression". As a person who prized anonymity and once stated that his hobby was "obscurity", Forrestal, with his policies, had been the constant target of vicious personal attacks from columnists, including 649: 868: 804: 354: 31: 4305: 899:, counseled fighting on. At that point, "Forrestal came up with a shrewd and simple solution: Accept the offer and declare that it accomplishes what the Potsdam Declaration demanded. Say that the Emperor and the Japanese government will rule subject to the orders of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. This would imply recognition of the Emperor while tending to neutralize American public passions against the Emperor. President 4910: 4548: 1455:

physicality and morality – he had no use for slackers or cowards. He felt war was a necessity and that negotiation was possible only alongside military parity or superiority. This intensity alienated his colleagues, as he focused his fears on Communists and Zionists. He abandoned his religion and his Irish community, but was never at ease on Wall Street, where he suspected and envied its rich and well-born

800:, a secret weapon whose use could not have been predicted. Forrestal disapproved all of these findings, judging that Kimmel could have done more with the information he had had to prevent or mitigate the attack. Forrestal concluded that both Kimmel and Stark had "failed to demonstrate the superior judgment necessary for exercising command commensurate with their rank and their assigned duties." 1139:

and then had to live with legislation that prevented him from managing the military establishment efficiently as the country's first secretary of defense. In that capacity, however, Forrestal was unable to devise an integrated defense budget, work out a joint war plan, or compel the Joint Chiefs of Staff to accept presidential directives they did not like.

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recorded he was in agreement with Forrestal's theories on the dangers of Soviet and International communist expansion. Eisenhower recalled that Forrestal had been "the one man who, in the very midst of the war, always counseled caution and alertness in dealing with the Soviets." Eisenhower remembered

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for failing to warn Kimmel that war was imminent. The court concluded that "based upon the facts established, the Court is of the opinion that no offenses have been committed nor serious blame incurred on the part of any person or persons in the naval service." Because the court's findings implicitly

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That the body found on the ledge outside of room three eighty-four of building one of the National Naval Medical Center at one-fifty a.m. and pronounced dead at one fifty-five a.m., Sunday, May 22, 1949, was identified as that of the late James V. Forrestal, a patient on the Neuropsychiatric Service

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Forrestal seemed to be on the road to recovery, having regained 12 pounds (5.4 kg) since his admission into the hospital. However, in the early morning hours of May 22, his body, clad only in the bottom half of a pair of pajamas, was found on a third-floor roof below the sixteenth-floor kitchen

2066:, Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 39: Reports, Findings, and Conclusions of Roberts Commission, Army Pearl Harbor Board, Navy Court of Inquiry, and Hewitt Inquiry, With Endorsements, Government Printing Office, pp. 373, 375–377, 381–383 1454:

Biographer Arnold Rogow explores the pathos and tragedy of Forrestal's tormented life. He was brought up in a rigidly Catholic environment where harsh discipline gave the boy doubts about himself that were never overcome by his many achievements. He compensated by emphasizing toughness in terms of

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Forrestal was not in FDR's inner circle, was not apprised of the Manhattan Project, and did not attend the major wartime conferences....Forrestal also ended up on the wrong side of the struggle to unify the armed forces....He slowed but did not stop the unification process as secretary of the navy

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Upon reviewing the report, Forrestal felt that the court had been too lenient in assigning blame for the disaster. The court had found that the Army and Navy had adequately cooperated in the defense of Pearl Harbor; that there had been no information indicating that Japanese carriers were on their

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Psychiatrists who later treated Forrestal would backdate the onset of his depression, insomnia, restlessness and weight loss to this period. Forrestal's strength, energy and composure deserted him. His double-breasted suits began to hang looser and looser. He appeared to age years in the space of

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in 1945. After five days of pitched battle, a detachment of Marines was sent to hoist the American flag on the 545-foot summit of Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima. This was the first time in the war that the U.S. flag had flown on Japanese soil. Forrestal, who had just landed on the beach, claimed the

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to operations in the Pacific theater was scrapped or simply tossed overboard. Facing the wholesale demobilization of most of the US defense force structure, Forrestal resisted Truman's efforts to substantially reduce defense appropriations, but was unable to prevent a steady reduction in defense

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of Palestine." Appalled by the intensity and implied threats over the partition question, Forrestal appealed to Truman in two separate cabinet meetings not to base his decision on partition, whatever the outcome, on the basis of political pressure. In his only known public comment on the issue,

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in Canada. During the final year of the war Forrestal spent much of his time in Washington, at the Office of Naval Operations, while completing his flight training and reaching the rank of lieutenant. After the war, Forrestal resumed his career in finance and made his fortune on Wall Street. He

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Although Forrestal told associates he had decided to resign, he was reportedly shattered when Truman abruptly asked for his resignation. His letter of resignation was tendered on March 28, 1949, and his condition steadily deteriorated. On the day of Forrestal's resignation from office, he was

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but thought it better to postpone it for another 90 days. In reactive depression if electro-shock is used early and the patient is returned to the same situation from which he came there is grave danger of suicide in the immediate period after they return... so strangely enough we left out

2049:, Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 39: Reports, Findings, and Conclusions of Roberts Commission, Army Pearl Harbor Board, Navy Court of Inquiry, and Hewitt Inquiry, With Endorsements, Government Printing Office, pp. 297, 318–321 1379:

That the late James V. Forrestal died on or about May 22, 1949, at the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, as a result of injuries, multiple, extreme, received incident to a fall from a high point in the tower, building one, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda,

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to choose between committing suicide or seeing his entire family killed. A title slide over the last shot of the movie says "Dedicated to the Memory of James V. Forrestal (1892–1949), who understood the significance of the events and sought to act honorably amid treachery."

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reflected upon the qualities which made a Secretary of Defense great: the ability to work with Congress, the ability for "big-time management," and an ability at war planning. Nitze felt that Forrestal was the only one who possessed all three qualities together.

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The court convened on July 24, 1944, and held daily sessions in Washington, D.C., San Francisco and Pearl Harbor. After interviewing numerous witnesses, it completed its work on October 19, 1944. Its report to the Navy Department largely exonerated Rear Admiral

459:. He tried to weaken the proposed Department of Defense for the Navy's benefit, but was hard-pressed to run it from 1947 to 1949 after Truman named him Secretary of Defense. The two men were often at odds, and Truman forced Forrestal's resignation. 891:

as a sovereign ruler." That position still fell short of the U.S. "unconditional surrender" demand, retaining the sticking point that had held up the war's conclusion for months. Strong voices within the administration, including

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combined with psycho-therapeutic interviews. According to Raines, the patient overreacted to the insulin much as he had to the amytal and this would occasionally throw him into a confused state with a great deal of agitation and

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and said, "the raising of that flag on Suribachi means a Marine Corps for the next 500 years." A second, larger flag was run up in its place, and this second flag-raising was the moment captured by Associated Press photographer

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initiative being threatened with "receiving the same punishment as his last secretary, Forrestal", implying the murder of Forrestal was to cover his operation from the public. (Forrestal was allegedly a member of Majestic 12.)

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claimed that Forrestal's suicide was connected to the "horrible truth" about aliens and their interactions with humanity, and implies that his medical records remain sealed as part of the coverup initiated by President Truman.

856:, strongly advocated a softer policy toward Japan that would permit a negotiated armistice, a face-saving surrender. Forrestal's primary concern was not the resurgence of a militarized Japan, but rather "the menace of Russian 439:

appointed him the first secretary of the newly created Department of Defense. Forrestal was intensely hostile to the Soviet Union, fearing Communist expansion in Europe and the Middle East. Along with Secretary of State

1575:, a secret document is briefly viewable in the eighth episode that mentions the death of a Secretary Forrestal. It goes on to say that a "vacancy" was left due to his death until he was replaced by an unnamed general. 1442:; a digital edition was released in January 2020. An example of censorship is the removal of the following account of a conversation with Truman: "He referred to Hitler as an egomaniac. The result is we shall have a 1070:. Forrestal was also becoming increasingly worried about the Soviet threat. His 18 months at Defense came at an exceptionally difficult time for the U.S. military establishment: Communist governments came to power in 676:

on June 22, 1940. Six weeks later, he nominated him for the newly established position, Undersecretary of the Navy. In his nearly four years as undersecretary, Forrestal proved highly effective at mobilizing domestic

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and national defense. Instead, Forrestal favored a federalization plan for Palestine. Outside the White House, response to Truman's continued silence on the issue was immediate. Truman received threats to cut off

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Forrestal came from a very strict middle-class Irish Catholic family. He was a successful financier on Wall Street before becoming Undersecretary of the Navy in 1940, shortly before the United States entered the

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Diaries of James V. Forrestal, 1944–1949, Secretary of the Navy, 1944–1947, and First Secretary of Defense, 1947–1949: complete and unexpurgated diaries from the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton

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The official Navy review board, which completed hearings on May 31, waited until October 11, 1949, to release only a brief summary of its findings. The announcement, as reported on page 15 of the October 12

1527:, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara (portrayed by Alec Baldwin) hauntingly recounts the story of James Forrestal's dismissal and suicide to speechwriter Richard Goodwin (portrayed by James Frain). 4208: 4198: 1066:

By 1948, Truman had approved military budgets billions of dollars below what the services were requesting, putting Forrestal in the middle of a fierce tug-of-war between the President and the

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After the war, Forrestal urged Truman to take a hard line with the Soviets over Poland and other issues. In furtherance of the anti-Soviet position, he was the primary promoter of the famous "

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At the close of World War II, millions of dollars of serviceable equipment had been scrapped or abandoned rather than having funds appropriated for its storage costs. New military equipment

733:, died from a heart attack. Knox had been a figurehead as secretary and Forrestal was highly energetic. Forrestal led the Navy through the closing year of the war and the early years of 2183: 1386:

That the treatment and precautions in the conduct of the case were in agreement with accepted psychiatric practice and commensurate with the evident status of the patient at all times.

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across the hall from his room. Forrestal's alleged last written statement, touted in the contemporary press and later biographers as an implied suicide note, was part of a poem from

533:. During his youth, Forrestal was an amateur boxer. After graduating from high school in 1908, at the age of 16, he spent the next three years working for a trio of newspapers: the 756: 5326: 1607:

claimed, without evidence, that the former Secretary had been murdered by Communists. In 1966, a book-length treatment of the conspiracy theory was published in the fringe press.

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at the time of the attack. The court found that Kimmel's decisions had been correct given the limited information available to him, but criticized then-Chief of Naval Operations

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That the death was not caused in any manner by the intent, fault, negligence or inefficiency of any person or persons in the naval service or connected therewith.

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out of the war with Japan. So strongly did he feel about this matter that he cultivated negotiation efforts that some regarded as approaching insubordination.

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published a piece listing Forrestal's death as part of a pattern of suspicious deaths of federal officials. In 1955, anti-Communist investigative journalist

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Thereafter, Forrestal's mental health rapidly deteriorated, declining to the point in which he underwent medical care for depression. While a patient at

1459:. Although his brilliance and energy made him a favorite of President Roosevelt, he profoundly distrusted liberalism and never championed the New Deal. 879:. On 10 August 1945, the day after the Nagasaki attack, the Japanese sent out a radio transmission saying that it was ready to accept the terms of the 1703:(artist), Forrestal's death is shown to have been a murder. Forrestal is pushed from the window of his Bethesda Naval Hospital room by the Golden Age 5376: 5371: 5296: 3080: 1887: 1270: 529:

immigrant who dabbled in politics. His mother, the former Mary Anne Toohey (herself the daughter of another Irish immigrant) raised him as a devout

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The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funeral, 1921–1969, Chapter V, Former Secretary of Defense James V. Forrestal, Official Funeral, 22–25 May 1949

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hostile to the Soviet Union, who began to regularly call for Forrestal's removal after Truman named him Secretary of Defense. Pearson told his own

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implies that Forrestal's death may have been one of a series of deaths labeled as suicides that were actually covert assassinations by the CIA.

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became a partner in 1923, was appointed vice president in 1926, and by 1937 was president of the company. He also acted as a publicist for the

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60: 89–92. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Refutes the idea that Forrestal's "policies and positions were somehow the products of a diseased mind."

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during the war". The Menninger Clinic had successfully treated similar cases during the war, but Forrestal's wife, his friend and associate

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That the behavior of the deceased during the period of his stay in the hospital preceding his death was indicative of a mental depression.

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and advocating the eventual release of information to the public. The film treats his death and classified diary as highly suspicious.

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4th week: insulin administered only in stimulating doses; 10 units of insulin four times a day, morning, noon, afternoon and evening.

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in the Navy. Forrestal traveled to combat zones to see naval forces in action. He was in the South Pacific in 1942, present at the

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In September 1942, to get a grasp on the reports for materiel his office was receiving, he made a tour of naval operations in the

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Forrestal also opposed the unification of the military services proposed by the Truman officials. Even so, he helped develop the

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had broken the Japanese codes, a critical wartime secret, the court's report was not made public until after the end of the war.

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suggests that in 1949, Forrestal was preparing to make public proof of alien visitations and technology, and was forced by two

5336: 5291: 4241: 4236: 4221: 3875: 3688: 3673: 2869: 2647: 2590: 2506: 2421: 2215: 1979: 1826: 1003:...no group in this country should be permitted to influence our policy to the point it could endanger our national security. 152: 2389:. Committee on Armed Services, Records of the U.S. Senate. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. March 4, 1947. 5391: 5361: 5331: 3245: 2103: 1244: 1035: 2760: 5301: 5203: 5122: 4884: 4780: 4699: 4516: 4379: 3665: 3485: 3403: 3395: 3386: 3317: 3293: 1499:, his hometown, is named for him. Forrestal Elementary School in the Great Lakes military housing area is named for him. 1121: 726: 493: 409: 96: 5017: 4484: 4294: 4285: 3339: 2242: 2086: 947: 673: 657: 485: 413: 43: 5386: 5356: 2979: 939: 745:

and to assess any culpability borne by members of the Navy. The Court consisted of Admiral Adolphus Andrews; Admiral

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Visibly upset, Truman gave the letter to an aide, stating that he was far too angry to answer it in a polite manner.

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needs based on military threats posed by enemies of the United States and its interests. According to historian

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A number of works (shown below) have implied or indicated that Forrestal's death was suspicious or nefarious.

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were wiped out, the reaction of the country will give you a bad case of localitis in the seat of your pants."

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reported to have gone into a daze and was flown on a Navy airplane to the estate of Under Secretary of State

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Upon taking office as Secretary of Defense, Forrestal was surprised to learn that the administration did not

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writer, in 1926. She eventually developed a dependence on alcohol and suffered various mental health issues.

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requested that Forrestal take the lead in building up the Navy. In 1947, after the end of the war, President

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Forrestal conspiracy theories have been featured in numerous works of fiction. In the 1994 television movie

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spending, resulting in major cuts not only in defense equipment stockpiles, but also in military readiness.

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Arnold A. Rogow Papers on James V. Forrestal at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University

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and its attraction for decimated, destabilized societies in Europe and Asia," and, therefore, keeping the

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and skilled administrator. He was described as pugnacious, introspective, shy, philosophic, solitary, and

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In 1949, exhausted from overwork, Forrestal entered psychiatric treatment. The attending psychiatrist,

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His counsel on ending the war was finally followed, but not until the atomic bombs had been dropped on

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Rogow, Arnold A. "Private illness and public policy: The case of James Forrestal and John Winant",

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while he was a student at Princeton. Forrestal married the former Josephine Stovall (née Ogden), a

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Forrestal's statement soon earned him the active enmity of some congressmen and supporters of

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The later part of Forrestal's life, including his marriage and his death, is a large part of

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Annotated bibliography for James Forrestal from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues

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During private cabinet meetings with Truman in 1946 and 1947, Forrestal had argued against

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followed the establishment of Israel; and negotiations were going on for the formation of

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way to attack Pearl Harbor; and that the attack had succeeded principally because of the

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Forrestal went to work as a bond salesman for William A. Read and Company (later renamed

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James V. Forrestal Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University

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In the early months of 1945, Forrestal, along with Stimson and Under Secretary of State

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https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1950-pt12/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1950-pt12-8-1.pdf

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of the complete and unexpurgated diaries in 2001, from the originals preserved in the

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Organizing for Defense: The American Military Establishment in the Twentieth Century

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in Kansas was consulted and he diagnosed "severe depression" of the type "seen in

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published an article titled "Untold Facts about the Death of James Forrestal" in

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of the U. S. Naval Hospital, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.

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Forrestal takes the oath of office as Secretary of the Navy from Rear Admiral

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was not created as such until August 1949). With the former Secretary of War

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Fourth Endorsement to Record of Proceedings of Pearl Harbor Court of Inquiry

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Forrestal is sworn in as the first Secretary of Defense, September 17, 1947.

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Forrestal with Admirals King and Nimitz in Washington, D.C., November 1945

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The story of James Forrestal is prominently featured in Chapter 4 of the

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to confirm that his concerns on the domestic front were quite legitimate

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historic flag as a souvenir. When Forrestal witnessed the sight of the

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Civilian recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)

1661:

An opera concerning the conspiracy theories behind Forrestal's death,

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Arnold A. Rogow, "Forestal, James Vincent" in John A. Garrity, ed.,

1996:"Vice admiral Adolphus Andrews – Naval History and Heritage Command" 1495:

The J. V. Forrestal Elementary School at 125 Liberty Street in

3758: 2942:

Eberstadt and Forrestal, A National Security Partnership, 1909–1949

2136: 1988: 1766: 1716:

one of the secret documents the player can collect talks about the

1412:

Forrestal's diaries from 1944 to March 1949 were serialised in the

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Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America

2482: 2480: 703:. Returning to Washington, D.C., he made his report to Roosevelt, 2235:

Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1945–1948

2204:

Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1945–1948

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in North Africa), told Forrestal, "Jim, you've got a bad case of

686: 2122:

Hoopes and Brinkley, pp. 205–214. The quoted line is from p. 208

1368:

After full and mature deliberation, the board finds as follows:

2477: 1162:, an ardent supporter of Truman's defense retrenchment policy. 1008: 2944:(College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press, 1991) 2060:

Congress of the United States, Seventy-Ninth Congress (1946),

2043:

Congress of the United States, Seventy-Ninth Congress (1946),

741:

be convened to investigate the facts surrounding the Japanese

3032:

James Forrestal, A Study of Personality, Politics, and Policy

2734:

James Forrestal: A study of personality, politics, and policy

2059: 2042: 1446:

Europe for a long time to come. I don't think it is so bad."

3037:

Rogow, Arnold A. "Notes on Researching James Forrestal." in

2622:"Burial Detail: Forrestal, James V. (Section 30, Grave 674)" 1888:"U.S. Navy Veteran Online Memorial | TWS Roll of Honor" 488:. He is the namesake of the Forrestal Lecture Series at the 1834: 1654:. He is depicted as sitting on a commission concerning the 1610:

In a statement posted to the Paranet BBS in December 1987,

1443: 1091: 3000:(Historical Office, Office of Secretary of Defense 2011). 1492:

in Washington, D.C., completed in 1969, is named for him.

1426:

in October 1951. They were censored prior to publication.

903:

liked this. It would be close enough to 'unconditional'."

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retiring to private life, Forrestal was the next choice.

729:

on May 19, 1944, after his immediate superior, Secretary

4293: 1939:

Albion, Robert Greenhalgh; Connery, Robert Howe (1962).

559:

in his sophomore year, where he served as an editor for

5327:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

3015:

Sudden Endings, 13 Profiles in Depth of Famous Suicides

1214:

electro-shock to avoid what actually happened anyhow."

3088:

by B. C. Mossman and M. W. Stark.

1778:

Office of the Secretary of Defense – Historical Office

1231:, where Forrestal's wife, Josephine, was vacationing. 1143: 672:

President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Forrestal a

3175:

President Roosevelt Returns to Washington Etc. (1944)

2973:

Driven Patriot: the Life and Times of James Forrestal

2170:

Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal

1947:. New York City: Columbia University Press. pp. 1875:

Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal

1799:

Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal

1774:"James V. Forrestal – Harry S. Truman Administration" 404:(February 15, 1892 – May 22, 1949) was the last 5407:

Franklin D. Roosevelt administration cabinet members

3008:

The Assassination of James Forrestal: Second Edition

2961:

Hogan, Michael J. "The Vice Men of Foreign Policy",

2928:

The Navy and Industrial Mobilization in World War II

2334: 749:, who served as President of the Court and Admiral 3230:is available for free viewing and download at the 3217:is available for free viewing and download at the 3204:is available for free viewing and download at the 3191:is available for free viewing and download at the 3178:is available for free viewing and download at the 3165:is available for free viewing and download at the 2998:Establishing the Secretary's Role: James Forrestal 2756: 2754: 2681: 2679: 2628:. Arlington National Cemetery. (Official website). 1963: 1940: 1551:Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States 1449: 591:, he enlisted in the Navy and ultimately became a 2889:Madness and Politics: The Case of James Forrestal 2520:Madness and Politics: The Case of James Forrestal 1970:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp. 1829:, 1974. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. 978:, including a letter accusing him of "preferring 836:atop Mount Suribachi, he turned to Major General 5268: 3162:"Grasshopper" Planes on Bougainville etc. (1944) 3214:First Pictures Atomic Blast!, 1946/07/08 (1946) 2914:Men of the Pentagon: From Forrestal to McNamara 2751: 2676: 2559: 2557: 819:As Secretary, Forrestal introduced a policy of 2900:Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 2816:"Corsicana Daily Sun 09 Jul 1955, page Page 1" 2687:"Document 1: Extract from the Forrestal Diary" 2670:"World War Two Studies | Research Source" 2531:Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 2433:Admiral M.D. Willcutts Report, p. 34, 41, 1949 2307:The Forgotten War: America in Korea, 1950–1953 2280: 2278: 2276: 2270:, New York: Time Publications, 24 January 1949 4853: 4485: 4279: 3380: 3090:United States Army Center of Military History 2933:Cornell, Cecelia. "Understanding Forrestal", 2002:. Naval History and Heritage Command Websites 1938: 1691:"imaginary story" four-issue prestige format 1663:Nightingale: The Last Days of James Forrestal 1512: 1509:, in commission 1955–1993, was named for him 1326:In the dark prospect of the yawning grave.... 807:Secretary of the Navy Forrestal pins Admiral 5347:United States Navy civilians of World War II 3227:Army-Navy Agree On Merger, 1947/01/20 (1947) 2887:Akashah, Mary, and Donald Tennant. (1980). " 2554: 2387:"Letter from James Forrestal to Chan Gurney" 2301: 2299: 2290:America, Russia, and the Cold War, 1945–1980 56:September 17, 1947 – March 28, 1949 5342:United States Navy personnel of World War I 5317:United States Under Secretaries of the Navy 2438: 2330: 2328: 2273: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1334:Her loved one's story whispered in her ear! 1330:Woe to her desolate heart and temples gray, 954:, a policy eventually implemented in 1949. 525:), the youngest son of James Forrestal, an 4860: 4846: 4492: 4478: 4286: 4272: 3387: 3373: 3096:Admiral M.D. Willcutts Report, 1949 (pdf). 2416:, pp. 193–194, Mill City Press Inc., 2008 1478: 1418:in 1951, and published as a 581-page book 982:and Arab elements to the democracy-loving 827:in 1944, and (as Secretary) witnessed the 109:May 19, 1944 – September 17, 1947 29: 3238:Newspaper clippings about James Forrestal 3131:Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Navy 2905:Albion, Robert G. and Robert H. Connery, 2744: 2742: 2518:Mary Akashah and Donald Tennant (1980). " 2335:Hess, Jerry N.; Felix E. Larkin (1972) . 2296: 2131: 1925:Hoopes and Brinkley, p. 118; Millis, ed. 160:United States Under Secretary of the Navy 5377:Suicides by jumping in the United States 5372:American politicians who died by suicide 5297:Military personnel from New York (state) 3188:A German is Tried for Murder etc. (1945) 3104:Diaries of James V. Forrestal, 1944–1949 2353: 2325: 2257: 2181: 1808: 1572:Mobile Suit Gundam 0083: Stardust Memory 1405: 1348: 1269: 1174:George N. Raines, was handpicked by the 1165: 946:In 1947, Truman appointed him the first 933: 925: 866: 802: 755: 737:that followed. Forrestal ordered that a 647: 643: 578: 16:First United States Secretary of Defense 2996:Larsen, Jeffrey A., and Erin R. Mahan. 2971:Hoopes, Townsend and Douglas Brinkley. 2828: 2284: 2237:, University of Missouri Press (1996), 2198: 2137:"How We Bungled the Japanese Surrender" 1338:No quiet murmur like the tremulous wail 921: 484:, which houses the headquarters of the 172:August 22, 1940 – May 16, 1944 5402:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 5269: 4209:Research, Development and Acquisitions 2947:Dorwart, Jeffrey M. "James Forrestal" 2857: 2774:"Chicago Tribune 15 Apr 1954, page 10" 2739: 2642:, Naval Institute Press, 2000, p. 469 2585:, Naval Institute Press, 2000, p. 464 2581:Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, 2536: 2444: 2292:(7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 2168:Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, 2116: 2076: 2053: 1961: 1873:Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley, 1578: 1328:Woe to the mother in her close of day, 5322:Truman administration cabinet members 5312:United States secretaries of the navy 4841: 4473: 4267: 4199:Energy, Installations and Environment 3396:United States Secretaries of the Navy 3368: 2989:(University Press of Kentucky, 2014) 2501:, p. 354, Simon & Schuster, 1996 2036: 1827:American Council of Learned Societies 1618:In 2017, on the final episode of the 1011:. He was also an early target of the 5307:United States secretaries of defense 4295:United States Secretaries of Defense 4194:Financial Management and Comptroller 2921:The Politics of Military Unification 2101: 1634:The Assassination of James Forrestal 1555:which aired on Showtime in 2012–13. 1353:Grave at Arlington National Cemetery 1324:Comfortless, nameless, hopeless save 1320:Far from thy dear, remembered rocks, 1209:According to Raines, "We considered 1134:downplays Forrestal's achievements: 811:with a Gold Star in lieu of a third 3294:United States Secretary of the Navy 3041:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 309–316. 2858:Barkun, Michael (7 November 2003). 2185:McCarthyism – The Fight For America 1144:Resignation as Secretary of Defense 1101:on several occasions, while he was 638: 451:Forrestal was a supporter of naval 410:United States Secretary of the Navy 97:United States Secretary of the Navy 13: 3048:The American Journal of Psychiatry 2951:(2000), short scholarly biography. 2881: 2864:. University of California Press. 2845:"Statement Released By: John Lear" 2721:Encyclopedia of American Biography 2102:Hall, Bennett (February 1, 2011). 961:on the grounds it would infuriate 948:United States Secretary of Defense 658:judge advocate general of the Navy 503: 486:United States Department of Energy 414:United States Secretary of Defense 44:United States Secretary of Defense 14: 5438: 5412:20th-century American politicians 4242:Research, Engineering and Systems 3120:"Death of Mr. James V. Forrestal" 3068: 2486:Hoopes and Brinkley, pp. 446–468. 1436:Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library 1074:and China; the Soviets imposed a 5367:American people of Irish descent 4908: 4546: 4458: 4303: 3840: 3833: 3826: 3050:125#8 (1969) pp. 1093–1098 2445:Wooley, Alexander (1999-05-23). 1822:Dictionary of American Biography 1340:Of the lone bird, the querulous 974:from wealthy donors, as well as 965:who supplied oil needed for the 674:special administrative assistant 352: 5417:People from Hobe Sound, Florida 3271:August 22, 1940 – May 16, 1944 2851: 2837: 2822: 2808: 2780: 2766: 2726: 2713: 2701: 2662: 2653: 2632: 2614: 2596: 2575: 2512: 2489: 2426: 2406: 2393: 2379: 2366: 2312: 2248: 2227: 2192: 2175: 2162: 2149: 2125: 2095: 2081:. Back Bay Books. p. 701. 2070: 2046:Report of Navy Court of Inquiry 1955: 1932: 1467:Forrestal was awarded both the 1450:Possible conflicted personality 1308:And sailors gaze upon thy shore 1118:National Military Establishment 910:" by State Department official 587:) in 1916. When the US entered 301: 5427:20th-century American diarists 3133:. May 22, 1949. Archived from 2831:"The Death of James Forrestal" 2786:Also cited were the deaths of 2401:The Vice Men of Foreign Policy 2309:, Naval Institute Press (2003) 1962:Potter, Elmer Belmont (1976). 1919: 1906: 1894: 1880: 1867: 1843: 1784: 1428:Adam Matthew Publications Ltd. 1197:2nd – 5th weeks: a regimen of 1156:presidential elections of 1948 1: 3034:(Macmillan Publishers, 1963) 2794:,Laird Shields Goldsborough, 2447:"The Fall Of James Forrestal" 2435:, released to the public 2004 2254:(The Forrestal Diaries, 1951) 1760: 1639: 1312:Thy son is in a foreign clime 1275:National Naval Medical Center 1249:National Naval Medical Center 1114:National Security Act of 1947 765: 508: 5337:United States Naval Aviators 5292:People from Beacon, New York 4204:Manpower and Reserve Affairs 3201:Sunset in the Pacific (1945) 3062:The Death of James Forrestal 2965:(1993) 21#2 pp. 320–28 2748:Hoopes & Brinkley, p.544 2208:University of Missouri Press 1650:, Forrestal is portrayed by 1483: 1336:"Woe, woe!" will be the cry– 779:, commander in chief of the 555:in 1911, but transferred to 7: 5392:American investment bankers 5362:Princeton University alumni 5332:United States Navy officers 4227:Installations and Logistics 4214:General Counsel of the Navy 3267:Under Secretary of the Navy 3242:20th Century Press Archives 2982:(1992), scholarly biography 2963:Reviews in American History 2949:American National Biography 2145:– via ussslcca25.com. 1819:"James Vincent Forrestal". 1738: 1548:popular documentary series 1490:James V. Forrestal Building 1469:Distinguished Service Medal 1396:Arlington National Cemetery 1318:feeds her countless flocks, 1053: 813:Distinguished Service Medal 623:Forrestal was a compulsive 490:United States Naval Academy 482:James V. Forrestal Building 265:Arlington National Cemetery 10: 5443: 5302:New York (state) Democrats 4906: 4544: 4247:Shipbuilding and Logistics 3039:Introspection in Biography 1831:Farmington Hills, Michigan 1513:In literature and the arts 1322:Worn by the waste of time– 1015:columnist and broadcaster 5233: 5202: 5171: 5142:Secretary of the Interior 5140: 5121: 5090: 5053: 5016: 4985: 4956:Secretary of the Treasury 4954: 4917: 4883: 4816: 4779: 4754: 4737:Secretary of the Interior 4735: 4698: 4673: 4636: 4605: 4582:Secretary of the Treasury 4580: 4555: 4515: 4456: 4310: 4301: 4186: 4045: 4034: 3849: 3824: 3664: 3411: 3402: 3353: 3340:U.S. Secretary of Defense 3337: 3331: 3326: 3308: 3291: 3283: 3273: 3264: 3258: 3253: 3127:JAG Manual Investigations 2829:Simpson, Cornell (1966). 2608:findingaids.princeton.edu 2548:findingaids.princeton.edu 2182:McCarthy, Joseph (1952). 1825:, Supplement 4: 1946–50. 1462: 1107:representative government 1045:During the Reagan years, 760:Forrestal arrives at the 683:Chief of Naval Operations 666:Chief of Naval Operations 614:Dutchess County, New York 535:Matteawan Evening Journal 395: 385: 375: 365: 360: 348: 322: 311: 285: 275: 260: 243: 219: 214: 210: 198: 186: 176: 165: 158: 146: 134: 113: 102: 94: 82: 70: 60: 49: 41: 37: 28: 21: 5387:American anti-communists 5357:Dartmouth College alumni 5173:Secretary of Agriculture 5007:Kenneth Claiborne Royall 4756:Secretary of Agriculture 4237:Research and Development 3027:(New York: Viking, 1951) 2987:The secretary of defense 2376:U. of Texas Press: 1982. 2337:"Oral History Interview" 1851:"About the Cottage Club" 1569:In the anime OVA series 1537:Forrestal was played by 1217: 1154:was expected to win the 1103:Supreme Allied Commander 1086:to supply the city; the 681:for the war effort. The 480:in his honor, as is the 2796:Francis Otto Matthieson 2790:, Walter Jarvin Smith, 2268:Washington Head-Hunters 2109:Corvallis Gazette-Times 2077:Beevor, Antony (2012). 1855:University Cottage Club 1479:Legacies and depictions 1415:New York Herald Tribune 1306:Wander around thee yet, 790:American cryptographers 764:for a Cabinet meeting, 567:University Cottage Club 469:In 1954, the USN's new 464:Bethesda Naval Hospital 402:James Vincent Forrestal 291:Josephine Ogden Stovall 224:James Vincent Forrestal 5397:American anti-Zionists 5249:Lewis B. Schwellenbach 3099:Or in searchable html. 3056:10.1176/ajp.125.8.1093 2907:Forrestal and the Navy 2798:, John C. Montgomery, 2565:"The Willcutts Report" 2104:"Memories of Iwo Jima" 1943:Forrestal and the Navy 1392: 1354: 1347: 1310:Firm in the Ocean set. 1277: 1005: 972:campaign contributions 959:partition of Palestine 943: 931: 877:Hiroshima and Nagasaki 872: 816: 771: 743:attack on Pearl Harbor 739:Naval Court of Inquiry 669: 668:, stands to the right. 585:Dillon, Read & Co. 562:The Daily Princetonian 513:Forrestal was born in 494:James Forrestal Campus 5204:Secretary of Commerce 5123:Secretary of the Navy 4927:Edward Stettinius Jr. 4781:Secretary of Commerce 4700:Secretary of the Navy 4646:Homer Stille Cummings 4571:Edward Stettinius Jr. 4508:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3025:The Forrestal Diaries 2909:(1962), a major study 2659:The Forrestal Diaries 2638:Hoopes and Brinkley, 2374:The CIA in Guatemala. 1900:Hoopes and Brinkley, 1839:galenet.galegroup.com 1803:Naval Institute Press 1588:William Bradford Huie 1502:The aircraft carrier 1475:by President Truman. 1420:The Forrestal Diaries 1407:The Forrestal Diaries 1366: 1352: 1297: 1273: 1263:. Pearson's protégé, 1166:Psychiatric treatment 1122:Department of Defense 1088:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1068:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1001: 937: 929: 870: 806: 759: 727:Secretary of the Navy 679:industrial production 651: 644:Secretary of the Navy 618:Franklin D. Roosevelt 579:Wall Street financier 433:Franklin D. Roosevelt 181:Franklin D. Roosevelt 121:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5382:Suicides in Maryland 5018:Secretary of Defense 4964:Henry Morgenthau Jr. 4621:Harry Hines Woodring 4596:Henry Morgenthau Jr. 2935:Psychohistory Review 2919:Caraley, Demetrios. 2697:on January 11, 2002. 2233:Donovan, Robert J., 2079:The Second World War 1656:Roswell UFO incident 1599:In 1954, journalist 1593:The American Mercury 1533:Flags of Our Fathers 1440:Princeton University 1304:, the billows' roar, 1233:William C. Menninger 1176:Navy Surgeon General 1149:Governor of New York 1098:Dwight D. Eisenhower 987:Forrestal stated to 922:Secretary of Defense 629:emotionally insecure 595:, training with the 557:Princeton University 498:Princeton University 335:Princeton University 193:Position established 77:Position established 5218:W. Averell Harriman 5001:Robert P. Patterson 3254:Government offices 3140:on November 5, 2021 2940:Dorwart,Jeffrey M. 2723:(1974) pp. 374–375. 2691:www.sscnet.ucla.edu 2452:The Washington Post 2320:Turmoil and Triumph 2159:(1996), pp. 311–313 2133:Zacharias, Ellis M. 1669:with a libretto by 1579:Conspiracy theories 1400:Arlington, Virginia 1332:When she shall hear 1245:Ferdinand Eberstadt 1241:operational fatigue 1229:Hobe Sound, Florida 1126:Robert P. Patterson 1082:prompting the U.S. 942:in Washington, D.C. 938:Forrestal lived at 885:Potsdam Declaration 825:Battle of Kwajalein 239:, U.S. (now Beacon) 237:Matteawan, New York 5352:Battle of Iwo Jima 5235:Secretary of Labor 5193:Charles F. Brannan 5156:Julius Albert Krug 5112:Jesse M. Donaldson 5106:Robert E. Hannegan 5092:Postmaster General 5081:James P. McGranery 5038:George C. Marshall 4976:John Wesley Snyder 4939:George C. Marshall 4919:Secretary of State 4818:Secretary of Labor 4675:Postmaster General 4557:Secretary of State 3327:Political offices 3060:Simpson, Cornell. 2985:Kinnard, Douglas. 2937:21#3 (1993) 329–38 2926:Connery, Robert H. 2912:Borklund, Carl W. 2894:2007-09-27 at the 2804:Edwin H. Armstrong 2788:Harry Dexter White 2525:2007-09-27 at the 2412:Spencer Zimmerman 2361:Whittaker Chambers 2318:Shultz, George P. 2200:Donovan, Robert J. 2155:J. Robert Moskin, 1586:In December 1950, 1355: 1283:W. M. Praed's 1278: 1253:Bethesda, Maryland 1036:budget for defense 944: 932: 894:Secretary of State 873: 829:Battle of Iwo Jima 821:racial integration 817: 772: 670: 597:Royal Flying Corps 551:Forrestal entered 539:Mount Vernon Argus 496:of his alma mater 442:George C. Marshall 370:United States Navy 254:Bethesda, Maryland 5264: 5263: 5224:Charles W. Sawyer 5181:Claude R. Wickard 5075:J. Howard McGrath 4835: 4834: 4770:Claude R. Wickard 4708:Claude A. Swanson 4658:Robert H. Jackson 4590:William H. Woodin 4525:John Nance Garner 4467: 4466: 4261: 4260: 4257: 4256: 3822: 3821: 3363: 3362: 3354:Succeeded by 3348: 3321: 3309:Succeeded by 3303: 3277:Ralph Austin Bard 3274:Succeeded by 3030:Rogow, Arnold A. 2954:Hammond, Paul Y. 2871:978-0-520-93972-1 2732:Arnold A. Rogow, 2648:978-1-55750-334-3 2591:978-1-55750-334-3 2507:978-0-684-82414-7 2422:978-1-934248-93-5 2372:Immerman, James. 2217:978-0-8262-1066-1 1981:978-0-87021-492-9 1927:Forrestal Diaries 1564:Max Allan Collins 1530:In the 2006 film 1394:He was buried at 1371:FINDING OF FACTS 1199:insulin sub-shock 1116:that created the 1019:, an opponent of 989:J. Howard McGrath 847:famous photograph 834:Stars and Stripes 777:Husband E. Kimmel 751:Edward C. Kalbfus 697:Southwest Pacific 660:on May 19, 1944. 553:Dartmouth College 457:aircraft carriers 399: 398: 330:Dartmouth College 234:February 15, 1892 205:Ralph Austin Bard 5434: 5255:Maurice J. Tobin 5212:Henry A. Wallace 5187:Clinton Anderson 5162:Oscar L. Chapman 5055:Attorney General 5044:Robert A. Lovett 5032:Louis A. Johnson 4995:Henry L. Stimson 4987:Secretary of War 4912: 4911: 4899:Alben W. Barkley 4862: 4855: 4848: 4839: 4838: 4807:Henry A. Wallace 4764:Henry A. Wallace 4638:Attorney General 4627:Henry L. Stimson 4607:Secretary of War 4550: 4549: 4531:Henry A. Wallace 4494: 4487: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4462: 4307: 4288: 4281: 4274: 4265: 4264: 4118:T. Roosevelt Jr. 4073:T. Roosevelt Sr. 4043: 4042: 3844: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3666:Dept. of Defense 3409: 3408: 3389: 3382: 3375: 3366: 3365: 3357:Louis A. Johnson 3343: 3332:Preceded by 3315: 3312:John L. Sullivan 3297: 3284:Preceded by 3259:Preceded by 3251: 3250: 3232:Internet Archive 3219:Internet Archive 3206:Internet Archive 3193:Internet Archive 3180:Internet Archive 3167:Internet Archive 3149: 3147: 3145: 3139: 3124: 2876: 2875: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2812: 2806: 2784: 2778: 2777: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2749: 2746: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2693:. 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Johnson 1021:foreign policies 770: 767: 708:Henry L. Stimson 705:Secretary of War 639:Political career 610:Democratic Party 523:Beacon, New York 422:Second World War 361:Military service 356: 305: 303: 250: 233: 231: 215:Personal details 201: 189: 170: 149: 137: 107: 89:Louis A. Johnson 85: 73: 54: 33: 19: 18: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5431: 5267: 5266: 5265: 5260: 5243:Frances Perkins 5229: 5198: 5167: 5150:Harold L. Ickes 5136: 5131:James Forrestal 5117: 5100:Frank C. Walker 5086: 5049: 5026:James Forrestal 5012: 4981: 4950: 4933:James F. Byrnes 4913: 4909: 4904: 4879: 4876:Harry S. Truman 4866: 4836: 4831: 4826:Frances Perkins 4812: 4789:Daniel C. Roper 4775: 4750: 4745:Harold L. Ickes 4731: 4726:James Forrestal 4694: 4689:Frank C. Walker 4669: 4632: 4601: 4576: 4551: 4547: 4542: 4537:Harry S. Truman 4511: 4498: 4468: 4463: 4454: 4308: 4297: 4292: 4262: 4253: 4182: 4037: 4030: 3852: 3845: 3841: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3818: 3660: 3398: 3393: 3359: 3350: 3346:Harry S. Truman 3342: 3335: 3322: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3289: 3279: 3270: 3262: 3224:The short film 3211:The short film 3198:The short film 3185:The short film 3172:The short film 3159:The short film 3143: 3141: 3137: 3122: 3118: 3071: 3006:Martin, David. 2896:Wayback Machine 2884: 2882:Further reading 2879: 2872: 2856: 2852: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2827: 2823: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2785: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2759: 2752: 2747: 2740: 2731: 2727: 2718: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2685: 2684: 2677: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2654: 2637: 2633: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2580: 2576: 2563: 2562: 2555: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2527:Wayback Machine 2517: 2513: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2478: 2465: 2463: 2443: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2414:The Epoch Point 2411: 2407: 2403:(1993). p. 324. 2398: 2394: 2385: 2384: 2380: 2371: 2367: 2358: 2354: 2345: 2343: 2333: 2326: 2317: 2313: 2304: 2297: 2286:LaFeber, Walter 2283: 2274: 2262: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2232: 2228: 2218: 2210:. p. 325. 2197: 2193: 2180: 2176: 2172:(1992), p. 272. 2167: 2163: 2154: 2150: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2117: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2075: 2071: 2058: 2054: 2041: 2037: 2027: 2025: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2005: 2003: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1982: 1960: 1956: 1937: 1933: 1924: 1920: 1914:James Forrestal 1911: 1907: 1899: 1895: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1872: 1868: 1859: 1857: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1818: 1809: 1791:Townsend Hoopes 1789: 1785: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1741: 1710:In the PC game 1642: 1605:Howard Rushmore 1581: 1539:Michael Cumpsty 1515: 1486: 1481: 1465: 1452: 1410: 1346: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1285:translation of 1261:Walter Winchell 1220: 1168: 1152:Thomas E. Dewey 1146: 1056: 924: 916:Joseph McCarthy 901:Harry S. Truman 897:James F. Byrnes 815:on May 21, 1946 809:Jonas H. Ingram 785:Harold R. Stark 768: 712:Operation Torch 654:Thomas L. Gatch 646: 641: 581: 511: 506: 504:Life and career 446:State of Israel 437:Harry S. Truman 344: 307: 304: 1926) 299: 295: 292: 276:Political party 252: 248: 235: 229: 227: 226: 225: 199: 187: 171: 166: 147: 135: 130: 126:Harry S. Truman 108: 103: 83: 71: 65:Harry S. Truman 55: 50: 24: 23:James Forrestal 17: 12: 11: 5: 5440: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5252: 5246: 5239: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5208: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5197: 5196: 5190: 5184: 5177: 5175: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5159: 5153: 5146: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5134: 5127: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5096: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5063:Francis Biddle 5059: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5029: 5022: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5004: 4998: 4991: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4973: 4970:Fred M. Vinson 4967: 4960: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4949: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4902: 4896: 4889: 4887: 4885:Vice President 4881: 4880: 4865: 4864: 4857: 4850: 4842: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4810: 4804: 4801:Jesse H. Jones 4798: 4792: 4785: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4767: 4760: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4741: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4730: 4729: 4723: 4717: 4714:Charles Edison 4711: 4704: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4686: 4679: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4664:Francis Biddle 4661: 4655: 4649: 4642: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4630: 4624: 4618: 4611: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4593: 4586: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4568: 4561: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4540: 4534: 4528: 4521: 4519: 4517:Vice President 4513: 4512: 4497: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4474: 4465: 4464: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4309: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4291: 4290: 4283: 4276: 4268: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4049: 4047: 4040: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3857: 3855: 3847: 3846: 3825: 3823: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3670: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3392: 3391: 3384: 3377: 3369: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3352: 3344:Served under: 3336: 3333: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3310: 3307: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3249: 3248: 3235: 3222: 3209: 3196: 3183: 3170: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3093: 3083: 3078: 3070: 3069:External links 3067: 3066: 3065: 3058: 3044: 3043: 3042: 3028: 3021:Millis, Walter 3018: 3013:Meaker, M. J. 3011: 3004: 2994: 2983: 2969: 2959: 2952: 2945: 2938: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2910: 2903: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2870: 2850: 2836: 2821: 2807: 2800:Abraham Feller 2792:John G. Winant 2779: 2765: 2750: 2738: 2725: 2712: 2700: 2675: 2661: 2652: 2640:Driven Patriot 2631: 2613: 2595: 2583:Driven Patriot 2574: 2553: 2535: 2511: 2496:Richard Rhodes 2488: 2476: 2437: 2425: 2405: 2392: 2378: 2365: 2352: 2341:Truman Library 2324: 2311: 2295: 2272: 2256: 2247: 2243:978-0826210661 2226: 2216: 2191: 2174: 2161: 2148: 2124: 2115: 2094: 2088:978-0316023740 2087: 2069: 2052: 2035: 2024:. cdnc.ucr.edu 2013: 1987: 1980: 1954: 1931: 1918: 1905: 1902:Driven Patriot 1893: 1879: 1866: 1842: 1807: 1783: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1751: 1740: 1737: 1727:The 11th Green 1724:The 2020 film 1697:James Robinson 1679:The Golden Age 1641: 1638: 1580: 1577: 1514: 1511: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1473:Medal of Merit 1464: 1461: 1451: 1448: 1409: 1404: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1361:New York Times 1298: 1219: 1216: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1195: 1167: 1164: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1140: 1084:Berlin Airlift 1072:Czechoslovakia 1055: 1052: 1040:Walter LaFeber 963:Arab countries 940:Prospect House 923: 920: 798:aerial torpedo 788:revealed that 747:Orin G. Murfin 735:demobilization 699:and a stop at 690:Ernest J. King 645: 642: 640: 637: 580: 577: 510: 507: 505: 502: 412:and the first 397: 396: 393: 392: 387: 383: 382: 377: 373: 372: 367: 366:Branch/service 363: 362: 358: 357: 350: 346: 345: 343: 342: 332: 326: 324: 320: 319: 313: 309: 308: 297: 293: 290: 289: 287: 283: 282: 277: 273: 272: 262: 258: 257: 251:(aged 57) 245: 241: 240: 223: 221: 217: 216: 212: 211: 208: 207: 202: 196: 195: 190: 184: 183: 178: 174: 173: 163: 162: 156: 155: 150: 144: 143: 138: 132: 131: 129: 128: 123: 117: 115: 111: 110: 100: 99: 92: 91: 86: 80: 79: 74: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 47: 46: 39: 38: 35: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5439: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5282:1949 suicides 5280: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5232: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5201: 5194: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5052: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5030: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5015: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4953: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4874: 4870: 4863: 4858: 4856: 4851: 4849: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4827: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4795:Harry Hopkins 4793: 4790: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4740: 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3288: 3282: 3278: 3269: 3268: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3176: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3158: 3157: 3153: 3152: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3075:DoD biography 3073: 3072: 3063: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3012: 3009: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2981: 2980:0-7366-2520-8 2977: 2974: 2970: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2904: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2885: 2873: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2854: 2846: 2840: 2832: 2825: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2775: 2769: 2762: 2757: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2735: 2729: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2704: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2671: 2665: 2656: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2609: 2605: 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1742: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1699:(writer) and 1698: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1630:Seymour Hersh 1628:, journalist 1627: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1601:Walter Trohan 1597: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1528: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1500: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1460: 1458: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1424:Walter Millis 1421: 1417: 1416: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1363: 1362: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1317: 1303: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1265:Jack Anderson 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1215: 1212: 1211:electro-shock 1204: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1192:sodium amytal 1189: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1150: 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