813:, had become minimal in five modernised nations (whereas before 1982 women had scored significantly lower). Women, he argued, caught up with men in these nations as a result of exposure to modernity by entering the professions and being allowed greater educational access. Therefore, he said, when a total account of the Flynn effect is considered, women's closing the gap had moved them up in IQ slightly faster than men as a result. Flynn had previously documented this same trend among ethnic minorities and other disadvantaged groups. According to Flynn, the sexes are "dead equal on cognitive factors ... in their ability to deal with using logic on the abstract problems of Raven's", but that temperamental differences in the way boys and girls take the tests likely account for the tiny variations in mean scores, rather than any difference in intellectual ability.
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suggesting that environmental factors explain average group differences. And yet, he argues that the environmental explanation gained force after the discovery that IQ scores were rising over time. Inter-generational IQ differences among Whites and across nations were larger than the Black-White IQ Gap and could not be accounted for by genetic factors, which, if anything, should have reduced IQ, according to scholars he references. In that and in later works, he posited that the Black-White IQ score gap can be largely explained by environmental factors if "the average environment for Blacks in 1995 matches the quality of the average environment for Whites in 1945."
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improved over time. Flynn calculated that the average
American in the year 1900 would have scored a 67 on the version of IQ tests administered in the year 2000, a score that suggested mental impairment. Because such an increase in IQ scores over only a few generations could not have been caused by genetic evolution, Flynn concluded that the increases must have been caused by changes in environmental factors, meaning that IQ is influenced more by environment than by genetics.
308:. He was 26 years old at the time, and she was 17. His wife said that Flynn "ticked the entire list of qualities I wanted in a husband and which I had written down in my diary at the age of 15": he was tall, smart, funny, held left-wing political views, could stand up to her mother, and had a job with a pension. She proposed to him three times: he declined the first two times due to her young age before accepting the third proposal. They named their eldest son,
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514:. In 1987, Flynn published "Massive IQ Gains in 14 Nations: What IQ Tests Really Measure", which found that IQ points in 14 countries, as measured by Raven tests, increased between five and 25 points. Test score increases have been continuous and approximately linear from the earliest years of testing to the present. For the
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environmental changes such as modernisation and improvements in education. Although Flynn was not the first to document increases in IQ or criticise IQ tests, international discussion and acceptance of the Flynn effect sparked a significant reassessment by researchers of IQ tests and the nature of human intelligence.
850:, who had previously accepted it and scheduled it for publication. Despite Flynn's stating that he was only summarizing the positions of others with whom he disagreed, the book was originally thought too incendiary to be published. Dozens of academics, including Murray, defended Flynn, and a United States publisher,
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Flynn believed in racial equality. He advocated for open scientific debate about controversial social science claims, and was critical of the suppression of research into race and intelligence. He urged those who believe in racial equality to use solid evidence to advance those beliefs. Flynn did not
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is set to 15 IQ points. When IQ tests are revised they are again standardised using a new sample of test-takers, usually born more recently than the first. Again, the average result is set to 100. However, when the new test subjects take the older tests, in almost every case their average scores are
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crossword puzzle in pen rather than pencil. Flynn's father read classical works to him at a young age, and Flynn said he was "surrounded by good literature" as a child. Flynn became an avid reader as well; later in life, he wrote a book about world literature, and in a 2010 commencement address, he
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In July 2012, several media outlets reported Flynn as saying that women had, for the first time in a century, surpassed men on IQ tests based on a study he conducted in 2010. However, Flynn announced that the media had seriously distorted his results and went beyond his findings, revealing that he
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James Robert Flynn was born in an Irish-American community in
Washington, D.C., on April 28, 1934. His parents were Irish-Americans from Missouri. His father, Joseph, left formal schooling at age 12 to work in a factory and later became a "hard-drinking" journalist and editor. Flynn described his
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summarised much of his research up to that point. On the alleged genetic inferiority of Blacks on IQ tests, he lays out the argument and evidence for such a belief and then contests each point. He interprets the direct evidence—when Blacks are raised in settings that are less disadvantageous—as
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Flynn gained international recognition for the Flynn effect, which has become widely accepted by psychologists and has been documented in large portions of the developed world and several developing countries, at rates too fast and dramatic to be caused by changes in genes, and correlating with
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Flynn initially planned to spend only a few pages on his book refuting Jensen's work. After studying historical IQ tests, Flynn noticed that although the IQ tests were always calibrated so that a score of "100" was average, the actual raw scores showed that people's performance on the IQ tests
698:, Flynn published "Black Americans reduce the racial IQ gap: evidence from standardization samples", which suggested that the difference in IQ scores between blacks and whites narrowed by four to seven points between 1972 and 2002, a conclusion contested by Jensen and controversial
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Flynn continued teaching and was a prolific author in his later life, publishing almost a book every year in his last decade on a number of topics. Flynn wrote a variety of books. His research interests included humane ideals and ideological debate, classics of
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Flynn retired in 2020. His cancer returned, and he underwent liver surgery that May. Flynn's wife described his final year as "difficult". Flynn died of intestinal cancer at Yvette
Williams Retirement Village in Dunedin on 11 December 2020, aged 86.
340:(CORE), a civil rights organisation in the US South. He was reprimanded by the mayor of Richmond and the university for his anti-segregation activism, and removed as the university's track coach. In 1961, he left Kentucky to teach at the
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education. He credited his rejection of
Catholicism and his parents' racial views for forming his secular, socialist views on racial and social equality. Flynn described himself as an "atheist, a scientific realist, a social democrat".
559:, which discussed Flynn's research and dubbed the increase in IQ scores the "Flynn effect". Flynn often debated Jensen and Murray, but there was mutual admiration between them, and he defended them against accusations of racism.
534:. Improvements were remarkably consistent across the whole period, in both countries. This effect of an apparent increase in IQ has also been observed in various other parts of the world, though the rates of increase vary.
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encouraged graduates to learn by reading "works of great literature". His mother, Mae, was an office worker and homemaker who trained as a teacher. He had a brother, Joseph, who became a non-isothermal kinetics chemist.
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had grossly misrepresented his opinions. In the article, Flynn argued that he never intended for his suggestion to be taken seriously, as he only said this to illustrate a particular point.
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There are numerous proposed explanations of the Flynn effect, as well as some scepticism about its implications. Similar improvements have been reported for other cognitions such as
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and in 1998 received its
Special Award. In 2002, he was awarded the university's gold medal for Distinguished Career Research. In 2007, he became a Distinguished Contributor of the
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or "on-the-spot problem solving", irrespective of educational or cultural differences among test-takers. Such non-verbal tests can be used to compare diverse populations such as
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believe genetic differences in intelligence between races existed; he argued that intelligence is influenced by environmental factors that correlate with socioeconomic status.
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Flynn, James R. (2000). "IQ Gains, WISC Subtests and Fluid g: g Theory and the
Relevance of Spearman's Hypothesis to Race". In Bock, Gregory; Goode, Jamie; Webb, Kate (eds.).
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showed that women without a tertiary (college) education had produced 2.57 babies each, compared to 1.85 babies for those women with a higher education. During July 2007,
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In response to critics suggesting that the IQ increase could be attributed in increases in education (as opposed to innate intelligence), Flynn examined the results of
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and attended the
Catholic private schools St. Paul's Primary School and St. John's Academy. Flynn renounced his Catholic religion at age 12 after winning a full set of
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Dickens, William T., and James R. Flynn. "Heritability estimates versus large environmental effects: the IQ paradox resolved." Psychological Review 108.2 (2001): 346.
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and that a "persistent genetic trend which lowered the genetic quality for brain physiology would have some effect eventually". He referred to hypothetical
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and remained active (from afar) in the
American civil rights movement. In New Zealand Flynn continued to campaign for left-wing causes, and advised
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by merit. Despite the success of his work on IQ, Flynn considered himself primarily a philosopher who had simply taken a "holiday" in psychology.
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Flynn was a lifelong competitive runner who ran for his high school and college and earned six US running medals over the course of his life.
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The "Flynn effect" is the substantial and long-sustained increase in intelligence test scores measured in many parts of the world. When
297:, where he worked on its social housing initiatives. His doctorate dissertation was entitled, "Ethics and the Modern Social Scientist."
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summarized his past IQ work and responded to criticisms, particularly regarding environmental causes for race and gender IQ gaps.
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in a city-wide competition and reading about scientific explanations for the creation of the universe that contradicted his
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critiqued US foreign policy, and suggested people should put allegiance to the world community above national allegiances.
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as
Foundation Professor of Political Studies and head of the university's politics department. In 1973, Flynn published
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IQ test results, and reported that
Americans' average scores increased by 13.8 IQ points in 46 years, almost an entire
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as the intent is irrelevant if it is thought likely that "racial hatred could be stirred up as a result of the work."
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In 1978, while working on a refutation of classical racism for an upcoming book about "humane ideals", Flynn read
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politics. Accordingly, in 1963, aged 29, he emigrated with his family to New Zealand, where he taught at the
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In 1996, Flynn stepped down as head of the University of Otago's politics department and in 1997, he became
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203:(28 April 1934 – 11 December 2020) was an American-born New Zealand moral philosopher and
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2880:"Chris Trotter reflects on the life of Professor James R. Flynn, and the pursuit of truth and justice"
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argued that American liberalism had lost its way in response to alarmism from American conservatism.
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In 1984, he published an article, "The Mean IQ of Americans: Massive Gains 1932 to 1978", examining
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In 1999, Flynn had surgery for intestinal cancer, which remained in remission for twenty years.
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Flynn, J. R.; Rossi-Case, L. (2011). "Modern women match men on Raven's Progressive Matrices".
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had instead discovered that the differences between men and women on one particular test, the
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820:, "Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents'", has been viewed millions of times.
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https://scottbarrykaufman.com/podcast/nature-nurture-and-human-autonomy-with-james-flynn/
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to examine problems such as justifying humane ideals and whether it makes sense to rank
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to diminish if the Flynn effect continues in nations with lower average national IQs.
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of test-takers, by convention the average of the test results is set to 100 and their
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Flynn, J. R. (1987). "Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure".
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In 1980, Flynn published his research critiquing Jensen's work in his seminal book,
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By Flynn's own account, in early 1960s America he was consistently fired for his
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and in 2011 received its Aronui Medal, Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the
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political parties. He stood unsuccessfully as an Alliance candidate for the
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While teaching at Otago in the 1990s, Flynn became a founding member of the
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2336:"Secular declines in cognitive test scores: A reversal of the Flynn Effect"
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1738:"World-renowned Otago professor and giant amongst scholars Jim Flynn dies"
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Intelligence and Human Progress: The Story of What was Hidden in our Genes
652:. In 2008 he acted as the Alliance spokesperson for finance and taxation.
356:, working as a peace activist, and being a member of the Socialist Party.
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No Place to Hide: Climate Change: A short introduction for New Zealanders
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1968:. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 278.
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320:. The couple also had a daughter, who became a clinical psychologist.
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Where Have All the Liberals Gone?: Race, Class, and Ideals in America
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Where Have All the Liberals Gone?: Race, Class, and Ideals in America
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In 2000, Flynn published what he considered his most important book,
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Leventman, Seymour (1981). "Race, IQ and Jensen by James R. Flynn".
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Where have all the liberals gone? Race, class, and ideals in America
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Raised Roman Catholic, Flynn was a choir boy at Washington, D.C.'s
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and on the Honorary International Advisory Editorial Board of the
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IQ tests, which use visual patterns rather than words to estimate
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The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life
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Unsuccessful candidates in the 2011 New Zealand general election
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Unsuccessful candidates in the 2008 New Zealand general election
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Unsuccessful candidates in the 2005 New Zealand general election
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Unsuccessful candidates in the 1996 New Zealand general election
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Unsuccessful candidates in the 1993 New Zealand general election
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In 2019, Flynn was told that his latest book, originally titled
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James Flynn: Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents'
2706:"A book defending free speech rejected for fear of hate speech"
2410:"Beyond the Flynn effect: new myths about race, family and IQ?"
1779:"Beyond the Flynn effect: new myths about race, family and IQ?"
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Fate & Philosophy: A Journey through Life's Great Questions
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Fate & philosophy: A journey through life's great questions
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After earning his doctorate in 1958 at age 24, Flynn taught at
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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
1825:"Remembering James R. Flynn: scholar and free speech advocate"
1668:"James R. Flynn, Who Found We Are Getting Smarter, Dies at 86"
1614:"The future of intelligence: an interview with James R. Flynn"
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The Nature of Intelligence (Novartis Foundation Symposium 233)
996:"Massive IQ Gains in 14 Nations: What IQ Tests Really Measure"
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in New Zealand and in 1985 listed his name openly in support.
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Are We Getting Smarter? Rising IQ in the Twenty-First Century
1134:. In Arrow, Kenneth; Bowles, Samuel; Durlauf, Steven (eds.).
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Are We Getting Smarter? Rising IQ in the Twenty-First Century
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scores throughout the world, which is now referred to as the
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A Book Too Risky to Publish Free Speech and the Universities
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The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures
1930:"Searching for justice: The discovery of IQ gains over time"
1079:"Searching for Justice: The Discovery of IQ Gains over Time"
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The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures
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test, subjects born over a 100-year period were compared in
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He met his wife, an attorney whose family was active in the
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father as a "keen reader" who took pride in completing the
2221:, James R. Flynn, Carmi Schooler, Patricia M. Greenfield,
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This review of contemporary research includes chapters by
1279:. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press.
1132:"IQ Trends over Time: Intelligence, Race, and Meritocracy"
764:). His books combined political and moral philosophy with
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Eckland, Bruce (1983). "Does IQ Mean Anything Anymore?".
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Flynn, James (2013). "Arthur Robert Jensen (1923–2012)".
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A Book Too Risky to Publish: Free Speech and Universities
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A Book Too Risky to Publish: Free Speech and Universities
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protest against segregation at Glen Echo Park in Maryland
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Mckenzie-Mclean, Jo; Edwards, Jonny (13 December 2020).
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How to defend humane ideals: substitutes for objectivity
956:- Reviews the debate, as of 1980, about the research of
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People involved in race and intelligence controversies
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966:"The Mean IQ of Americans: Massive Gains 1932 to 1978"
2761:"Editorial Board - Intelligence - Journal - Elsevier"
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Dickens, William T.; Flynn, James R. (October 2006).
920:. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1973.
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Smith, Tony (1981). "Statistics replace sentiment".
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discussed science, ethics, religion, and free will.
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How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?
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In Defense of Free Speech: The University as Censor
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2937:Alliance (New Zealand political party) politicians
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1295:The Torchlight List: Around the World in 200 Books
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788:The Torchlight List: Around the World in 200 Books
352:, from which he was fired for giving a lecture on
231:. In addition to his academic work, he championed
219:in 1963, where he taught political studies at the
2669:"Men, Women, and IQ: Setting the Record Straight"
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2002:"IQ Wars Continue With Battles Over New Puzzles"
273:In the 1950s, Flynn earned a scholarship to the
2744:"My Book Defending Free Speech Has Been Pulled"
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2259:Rönnlund, M.; Nilsson, L. G. (September 2009).
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1256:"What Is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect"
1048:"IQ Gains over Time: Toward Finding the Causes"
889:. Flynn was a member of the editorial board of
871:International Society for Intelligence Research
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2313:. Augusta, GA.: Washington Summit Publishers.
799:Beyond patriotism: From Truman to Obama (2012)
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2521:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
1955:
1567:"'Legendary teacher, giant amongst scholars'"
1233:What Is Intelligence: Beyond the Flynn Effect
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711:What is Intelligence? Beyond the Flynn Effect
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2489:"Welcome to the Board, Prof James R. Flynn"
1622:. Vol. 19, no. 1. pp. 36–46.
916:Humanism and Ideology: an Aristotelian View
860:the United Kingdom's laws about hate speech
854:, later published the book under the title
728:risked having a less intelligent population
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1923:
1921:
1919:
1874:Holloway, Marguerite (January 1999).
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1798:
1773:
1665:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1394:
1375:
1311:
1272:
1230:
1183:Dickens, W. T.; Flynn, J. R. (2001).
1129:
1106:
1076:
1045:
993:
963:
793:Flynn published three books in 2012.
2704:Walters, Laura (26 September 2019).
2556:"Academic in hot water over remarks"
2302:
2225:, Marian Sigman, Shannon E. Whaley,
1999:
1756:
1708:
1564:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
881:, Distinguished Visiting Speaker at
634:New Zealand House of Representatives
254:Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle
3017:New Zealand people of Irish descent
2475:
2129:
1509:
1136:Meritocracy and Economic Inequality
716:During 2007, new research from the
13:
2775:
2742:Flynn, James (27 September 2019),
2688:"A Conversation with James Flynn."
2657:
2378:"We Support Homosexual Law Reform"
2141:Hudson, Daisy (12 December 2020).
1916:
1844:
1626:
1056:American Psychological Association
459:University of California, Berkeley
383:. He was a member of the anti-war
342:University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
160:University of Wisconsin-Whitewater
14:
3043:
2942:American emigrants to New Zealand
2898:
2731:. Washington, DC: Academic Press.
2007:The Chronicle of Higher Education
1902:10.1038/scientificamerican0199-37
1683:
1450:
867:New Zealand Psychological Society
831:as a way to delay the effects of
600:national differences in IQ scores
2577:Nippert, Matt (6 October 2007).
2445:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01802.x
1361:. New Zealand: Awa Press. 2012.
1297:. New Zealand: Awa Press. 2010.
434:
425:
407:IQ research and the Flynn effect
3022:Academics from Washington, D.C.
2735:
2720:
2697:
2679:
2667:Kaufman, S. B. (20 July 2012).
2554:Loughrey, David (9 July 2007).
2420:
2402:
2390:
2370:
2361:
2115:Cambridge Judge Business School
1666:Risen, Clay (25 January 2021),
1612:Traynor, Lee (1 January 2014).
612:
323:
1677:
1565:Gibb, John (11 January 2021).
1425:
994:Flynn, James R. (March 1987).
760:, and race, class and IQ (see
605:Flynn himself, with co-worker
235:politics throughout his life.
1:
3032:Deaths from colorectal cancer
2562:. New Zealand. Archived from
2147:Otago Daily Times Online News
1418:
700:University of Western Ontario
547:American Enterprise Institute
2972:University of Chicago alumni
2967:New Zealand social democrats
2355:10.1016/j.intell.2007.01.007
2183:10.1016/j.intell.2012.10.012
2113:. The Psychometrics Centre,
1380:(l ed.). Elsevier Inc.
1339:Winerman, Lea (March 2013).
1166:University of Nebraska Press
811:Raven's Progressive Matrices
683:" of his earlier 1973 work,
665:A 1999 article published in
636:in general elections in the
516:Raven's Progressive Matrices
500:Raven's Progressive Matrices
207:researcher. Originally from
7:
2905:Otago University staff page
2386:. 20 April 1985. p. 6.
2092:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171
1254:C Shalizi (27 April 2009).
1216:10.1037/0033-295X.108.2.346
1050:. In Neisser, Ulric (ed.).
1017:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.171
677:How to Defend Humane Ideals
338:Congress of Racial Equality
330:Eastern Kentucky University
10:
3048:
2829:10.1177/000271628145700146
2651:10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.035
1487:"Vale Professor Jim Flynn"
1322:Cambridge University Press
1237:Cambridge University Press
1140:Princeton University Press
942:Routledge & Kegan Paul
410:
387:and gave lectures against
287:Socialist Party of America
2765:www.journals.elsevier.com
2511:(inactive 24 April 2024).
987:10.1037/0033-2909.95.1.29
823:In 2016, Flynn published
786:In 2010, Flynn published
583:significantly above 100.
570:(IQ) tests are initially
461:educational psychologist
433:
424:
419:
391:. In 1967, he joined the
189:
173:
155:
137:
130:
120:
110:
91:
68:
42:
30:
23:
2982:New Zealand philosophers
2952:Intelligence researchers
2860:10.1136/bmj.282.6258.135
2727:Flynn, James R. (2019).
2311:IQ and Global Inequality
1962:Flynn, James R. (2008).
1949:10.1037/0003-066x.54.1.5
1928:Flynn, James R. (1999).
1395:Flynn, James R. (2019).
1376:Flynn, James R. (2013).
1312:Flynn, James R. (2012).
1273:Flynn, James R. (2008).
1262:(Review). Archived from
1231:Flynn, James R. (2009).
1130:Flynn, James R. (2000).
1100:10.1037/0003-066X.54.1.5
1077:Flynn, James R. (1999).
1046:Flynn, James R. (1998).
964:Flynn, James R. (1984).
848:Emerald Group Publishing
827:, in which he advocated
365:University of Canterbury
239:Early life and education
164:University of Canterbury
2847:British Medical Journal
2508:10.4103/0973-1229.51213
2111:"Professor James Flynn"
718:2006 New Zealand census
259:World Book Encyclopedia
2910:10 August 2020 at the
2785:Contemporary Sociology
2080:Psychological Bulletin
2049:10.1006/cogp.1999.0735
1260:University of Michigan
1004:Psychological Bulletin
974:Psychological Bulletin
748:, suggesting that the
211:, and educated at the
2947:Free speech activists
2624:The Otago Daily Times
2566:on 28 September 2007.
2560:The Otago Daily Times
2433:Psychological Science
1937:American Psychologist
1777:(27 September 2016).
1345:Monitor on Psychology
1087:American Psychologist
1029:L. Erlbaum Associates
940:. London and Boston:
762:race and intelligence
723:The Sunday Star-Times
692:Brookings Institution
685:Humanism and Ideology
668:American Psychologist
619:homosexual law reform
568:intelligence quotient
389:nuclear proliferation
291:civil rights activist
275:University of Chicago
215:, Flynn emigrated to
213:University of Chicago
96:University of Chicago
2957:New Zealand atheists
2878:(14 December 2020).
2583:New Zealand Listener
2543:. NZPA. 8 July 2007.
2494:Mens Sana Monographs
2487:Singh, Ajai (2009).
2416:. 27 September 2016.
2037:Cognitive Psychology
2028:Raven, John (2000).
1823:(15 February 2021).
1491:Otago Bulletin Board
1341:"Smarter than ever?"
1193:Psychological Review
1115:. pp. 202–227.
907:Partial bibliography
897:Mens Sana Monographs
887:Cambridge University
758:political philosophy
617:He was in favour of
549:political scientist
526:, and separately in
385:Committee on Vietnam
279:democratic socialist
1894:1999SciAm.280a..37H
1881:Scientific American
1672:The New York Times.
1495:University of Otago
1054:. Washington (DC):
1027:. Hillsdale, N.J.:
937:Race, IQ and Jensen
839:becomes available.
829:climate engineering
709:Flynn's 2007 book,
704:J. Philippe Rushton
478:Race, IQ and Jensen
393:University of Otago
346:Lake Forest College
302:Communist Party USA
221:University of Otago
168:University of Otago
2692:European Scientist
2541:New Zealand Herald
2227:Reynaldo Martorell
1696:on 21 January 2019
1497:. 18 December 2020
1138:. Princeton (NJ):
883:Cornell University
879:Hoover Institution
736:oral contraceptive
696:William T. Dickens
657:Emeritus Professor
580:standard deviation
543:Richard Herrnstein
539:Harvard University
504:fluid intelligence
493:standard deviation
465:'s 1969 article, "
334:Richmond, Kentucky
318:Eugene Victor Debs
316:, after socialist
196:James Robert Flynn
47:James Robert Flynn
37:Flynn in June 2007
2854:(6258): 135–139.
2607:on 30 April 2010.
2320:978-1-59368-025-1
2274:(11): 2174–2180.
2243:Samuel H. Preston
2223:Wendy M. Williams
2212:978-1-55798-503-3
1975:978-0-521-49431-1
1572:Otago Daily Times
1368:978-1-877551-32-1
1331:978-1-107-60917-4
1304:978-0-9582916-9-9
1286:978-0-521-49431-1
1246:978-0-521-74147-7
1175:978-0-8032-1994-6
1164:. Lincoln, Neb.:
1153:978-0-691-00468-6
1069:978-1-55798-503-3
1038:978-0-8058-1110-0
951:978-0-7100-0651-6
927:978-0-7100-7442-3
750:Sunday Star-Times
455:
454:
361:social democratic
310:Oxford University
233:social democratic
193:
192:
142:Political science
132:Scientific career
3039:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2871:
2840:
2809:
2769:
2768:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2673:Psychology Today
2664:
2655:
2654:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2520:
2512:
2510:
2484:
2473:
2472:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2340:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2268:Neuropsychologia
2265:
2256:
2250:
2235:Robert M. Hauser
2216:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2138:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2107:
2096:
2095:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2034:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
1997:
1980:
1979:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1934:
1925:
1914:
1913:
1876:"Flynn's Effect"
1871:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1817:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1771:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1733:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1692:. Archived from
1681:
1675:
1674:
1663:
1624:
1623:
1609:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1562:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1483:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1429:
1414:
1391:
1372:
1352:
1335:
1319:
1308:
1290:
1267:
1266:on 14 June 2010.
1250:
1227:
1209:
1189:
1179:
1157:
1126:
1103:
1083:
1073:
1042:
1020:
1000:
990:
970:
960:and his critics.
955:
931:
919:
837:renewable energy
442:
438:
437:
429:
417:
416:
312:maths professor
209:Washington, D.C.
202:
185:
146:Moral philosophy
75:
72:11 December 2020
61:Washington, D.C.
56:
54:
35:
21:
20:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3036:
2917:
2916:
2912:Wayback Machine
2901:
2888:
2886:
2874:
2798:10.2307/2068144
2778:
2776:Further reading
2773:
2772:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2748:The Australian.
2740:
2736:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2702:
2698:
2684:
2680:
2665:
2658:
2635:
2631:
2620:"Book learning"
2616:
2612:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2575:
2571:
2552:
2548:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2514:
2513:
2485:
2476:
2439:(10): 913–920.
2425:
2421:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2362:
2338:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2307:
2303:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2247:John C. Loehlin
2239:Stephen J. Ceci
2213:
2194:
2190:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2139:
2130:
2120:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2099:
2076:
2072:
2032:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
1998:
1983:
1976:
1960:
1956:
1932:
1926:
1917:
1872:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1821:du Quenoy, Paul
1818:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1772:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1734:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1682:
1678:
1664:
1627:
1610:
1587:
1577:
1575:
1563:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1437:psycnet.apa.org
1431:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1411:
1401:Academica Press
1388:
1369:
1357:
1332:
1305:
1293:
1287:
1247:
1207:10.1.1.139.2436
1187:
1176:
1160:
1154:
1123:
1081:
1070:
1039:
1023:
998:
968:
952:
934:
928:
912:
909:
852:Academica Press
681:Aristotelianism
615:
607:William Dickens
596:episodic memory
440:
435:
420:External videos
415:
409:
375:Prime Minister
354:social medicine
326:
241:
198:
183:
166:
162:
148:
144:
92:Alma mater
87:
77:
73:
64:
58:
52:
50:
49:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3045:
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3034:
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3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2915:
2914:
2900:
2899:External links
2897:
2896:
2895:
2884:interest.co.nz
2876:Trotter, Chris
2872:
2841:
2810:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2752:
2734:
2719:
2696:
2678:
2656:
2645:(6): 799–803.
2629:
2626:. New Zealand.
2610:
2601:"Faculty page"
2592:
2569:
2546:
2528:
2474:
2419:
2401:
2389:
2369:
2360:
2349:(2): 121–126.
2326:
2319:
2301:
2251:
2211:
2199:, ed. (1998).
2197:Neisser, Ulric
2188:
2177:(2): 144–145.
2159:
2128:
2097:
2086:(2): 171–191.
2070:
2020:
1981:
1974:
1954:
1915:
1843:
1797:
1755:
1707:
1676:
1625:
1585:
1508:
1449:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1417:
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1415:
1409:
1399:(l ed.).
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1355:
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1330:
1309:
1303:
1291:
1285:
1270:
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1245:
1228:
1200:(2): 346–369.
1180:
1174:
1158:
1152:
1127:
1122:978-0471494348
1121:
1111:. Chichester:
1104:
1074:
1068:
1043:
1037:
1021:
1011:(2): 171–191.
991:
961:
950:
932:
926:
908:
905:
833:climate change
690:In 2006, with
640:electorate in
614:
611:
551:Charles Murray
485:Stanford-Binet
453:
452:
431:
430:
422:
421:
411:Main article:
408:
405:
381:foreign policy
344:, followed by
325:
322:
281:" and "man of
246:New York Times
240:
237:
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187:
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171:
170:
157:
153:
152:
150:Social science
139:
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117:
112:
111:Known for
108:
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93:
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88:
78:
76:(aged 86)
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59:
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2220:
2219:Ulric Neisser
2214:
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2117:. 4 July 2013
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156:Institutions
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115:Flynn effect
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2152:12 December
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1748:13 December
1142:. pp.
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732:eugenicists
377:Norman Kirk
264:creationist
25:James Flynn
2921:Categories
2708:. Newsroom
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1830:The Critic
1700:21 January
1419:References
1144:35&–60
766:psychology
746:Paul Henry
694:economist
520:Des Moines
508:San people
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2868:220142806
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981:: 29–51.
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450:TED talks
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