511:
803:
189:
1612:
659:
674:
771:. Maxwell had been in dispute with Regent Morton over the title, and while the former Regent was in prison, Maxwell had made a contract with the Duke of Lennox on 29 April 1581. Lennox would work to give Maxwell rights over the Morton earldom, and make him the legal guardian of James Douglas and Dame Elizabeth's three daughters. The three sisters, like their mother, would be declared incapable by a "brieve of idiotry". In 1586, however, the title was given to
283:, Mary's half-brother, was assassinated in Linlithgow in January 1570. Morton was worried that Mary might escape and make her way back to Scotland, by feigning sickness during a dance and disguising herself in male apparel, riding away in disguise with a messenger, or cutting her hair and smearing dirt on her face so she looked like a scullion who turned the spit in the kitchen. He wrote to William Cecil, and Queen Elizabeth in April 1571 wrote to the
425:, was firmly against any departure from the Presbyterian model and refused to be won by a place in Morton's household. Morton rigorously pursued the collection of a third of the income from every Church benefice, a revenue that had been allocated to finance the King's household. Morton had discretion to exempt persons and institutions from paying these thirds, and the historian George Hewitt found no striking evidence of bias in Morton's exemptions.
1405:
22:
1466:
857:
galleries, stables, and other new buildings were constructed at
Stirling Castle and Holyroodhouse, and rooms refurbished and furnished for the use of the King. During his resignation in March 1578, Morton pointed out to the officers of the Scottish exchequer that the royal houses were "now in better case than they were at the beginning of his regiment."
348:
was frozen. Hunsdon replied that
Elizabeth still hoped for a peaceful settlement, but he would send an estimate of the expedition's cost to Elizabeth. Morton received a token payment. The English rebels were handed over. The treaty for military aid was still not finalised when Mar died at Stirling in
394:
The ensuing execution of the leaders of the Castle garrison men put an end to the last chance of Mary's restoration by native support. In July 1573 Morton had the king's chamber at
Stirling Castle panelled, 60 new gold buttons made for his clothes, and gave him a football. He made efforts to recover
856:
Morton commissioned extensive reconstruction at
Edinburgh Castle after the siege, including the Portcullis Gate where his heraldic insignia of a heart can still be seen, and the iconic half-moon battery which fronts the castle and conceals the remains of buildings destroyed in 1573. On his orders,
759:
After the execution of her husband, Morton's wife, Dame
Elizabeth Douglas was found by an inquest to be incapable of managing her affairs, as she was "idiot and prodigal" in the language of the time. King James VI signed a warrant to appoint a legal guardian called an "administrator and tutor" to
493:
Queen
Elizabeth wrote to her agents in Scotland expressing her astonishment and displeasure because, as she was convinced her influence had brought Morton to the regency, his forced resignation reflected badly on her. If Morton was now to be accused of bad government, she instructed her diplomats
369:
The knowledge of her
Majesty's meaning has chiefly moved me to accept the charge (the Regency), resting in assured hope of her favourable protection and maintenance, especially for the present payment of our men-of-war their bypast wages, "without the quhilk I salbe drevin in mony great
490:, where he busied himself in laying out gardens. On 10 March, James VI issued a proclamation recognising that many in Scotland "misliked" the regiment of Morton, who had now resigned, and James would now accept the burden of the administration. The King was eleven years old.
352:
On 24 November 1572, a month after the death of Regent Mar, Morton, who had been the most powerful noble during Mar and Lennox's rule, at last reached the object of his ambition by being elected regent. As Regent of
Scotland, Morton expected the support of England and
751:. In the very unlikely event that a marker was permitted for an executed criminal, the inscribed initials would have been "J.D." and, secondly, it would have been cleared away in 1595 when all stones were removed from Greyfriars.
333:, and wages for the 800 Scottish foot soldiers and 200 horsemen already in the field. Morton was instructed to offer six hostages to England from the sons of the nobility who supported James VI. He also discussed returning the
689:
around 100m from his execution site. He was accompanied by a servant, William
Stewart, who witnessed that he slept well on the night after he was condemned. Before his execution Morton made a confession in a conversation with
374:
In many respects, Morton was an energetic and capable ruler. His first achievement was the conclusion of the civil war in
Scotland against the supporters of the exiled Mary. In February 1573 he effected a pacification with
96:, Master of Angus, and Elizabeth Douglas, daughter of David Douglas of Pittendreich. He wrote that he was over 61 years old in March 1578, so was probably born around 1516. Before 1543, he married Elizabeth, daughter of
717:. According to tradition, he brought it personally from England, having been "impressed by its clean work", but doubt has been cast on this. It was actually ordered to be made by Edinburgh's Town Council in 1564.
612:. The young James VI was declared to have reached his majority and formally began his personal rule with some ceremony in Edinburgh in September 1579, and the period of the Regents was concluded.
1420:
1744:
565:, was president of the council, but Atholl remained a privy councillor in an enlarged council with the representatives of both parties. Shortly afterwards Atholl died (allegedly of
510:
150:
However, four years later he defended Dalkeith Palace against the English and was captured in June 1548, "sore hurt on the thigh", and taken as a hostage to England. After the
116:. James and Elizabeth's children did not survive to adulthood, except three daughters who were declared legally incompetent in 1581. James also had five illegitimate children.
592:, an eccentric called Skipper Lindsay publicly declared to Morton in the King's presence during the performance of a play that his day of judgement was at hand. In September,
440:". The Edinburgh gunmakers were ready to make 50 every week, they also made pistols called "dags" which equipped most of the gentlemen of Scotland. He sent goldsmith
743:
Morton's final resting place is reputedly marked by a small sandstone post incised with the initials "J.E.M." for James Earl of Morton. The post is more probably a
1734:
1470:
1749:
1729:
1664:
1754:
1739:
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with the aid of Elizabeth's envoy, Henry Killigrew. Edinburgh Castle still held out for Mary under the command of William Kirkcaldy of Grange and
212:, and the leading conspirators adjourned to Morton's house while a messenger was sent to obtain Queen Mary's signature to the "bond of security".
791:
1699:
1294:
1669:
867:
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for his own use in 1578, three years before his death. It was no more than half built and never finished. The ruins of the castle overlook
108:
in Fife. His wife, Elizabeth Douglas suffered from mental illness, as did her two elder sisters Margaret and Beatrix, who were married to
100:, and became known as the "Master of Morton". In 1553, James Douglas succeeded to the title and estates of his father-in-law, including
1425:
623:
and brother-in-law of John Knox, had the daring to accuse Morton at a meeting of the council in Holyrood of complicity in the murder of
573:
of the two Hamiltons who still supported Mary. In the spring of 1579, the Scottish government's forces moved to crush the power of the
526:
247:, to her abdication in July 1567. When Mary escaped from Lochleven, he led the vanguard of the army which defeated her forces at the
243:. Mary vetoed a fight and surrendered. Morton took an active part in obtaining the consent of the queen, while she was imprisoned at
334:
387:, and after a long siege the castle was taken on 27 May 1573, aided by English artillery and soldiers which finally arrived under
344:
A week later Morton wrote to Hunsdon with the same request, urging an attack in winter because the Castle was vulnerable when the
1689:
1684:
582:
502:
to defend him by saying that his accusers should have first appealed to England to pressure Morton to reform his administration.
182:
1586:
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fled to England. Morton would later deny that this was his initiative. The final fall of Morton came from an opposite quarter.
1759:
1626:
775:, a nephew and legal heir of Regent Morton. Maxwell was still able to use the title, though it did not descend to his heirs.
474:
Morton was finally forced to resign as Regent in March 1578 but retained much of his power. He surrendered Edinburgh Castle,
284:
1659:
1009:
772:
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to London for tools for the royal mint. Sym was also sent to buy silver plate for Morton and have some rubies cut for him.
240:
136:
1714:
1487:
643:
310:
298:
232:
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1724:
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and the person of the king, regaining his ascendancy. On 12 August 1578, the forces of his opponents faced his army at
519:
452:
728:
Morton's corpse remained on the scaffold for the following day, until it was taken for burial in an unmarked grave at
1709:
1654:
1603:
1569:
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376:
236:
178:
97:
802:
894:
578:
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256:
227:, where the Queen had taken refuge after her marriage to Bothwell. Morton attended the remarkable stand-off at the
553:, but a truce was negotiated by two Edinburgh ministers, James Lawson and David Lindsay, and the English resident
885:, the first part of a trilogy of that name) includes an account of Morton's fall from power and his execution.
768:
732:. His head, however, remained on "the prick on the highest stone", (a spike) on the north gable of the ancient
400:
396:
384:
314:
93:
185:
hosted the Scottish ambassadors at Berwick and gave James a personal tour of the latest fortifications there.
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1520:
302:
297:
died from a gunshot wound after a struggle on the streets of Stirling. On 18 November 1571, the new Regent,
1694:
1213:
695:
358:
642:, for having taken part in the Darnley's murder, and the verdict was justified by his confession that the
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1549:
1184:
667:
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616:
326:
197:
132:
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1719:
1704:
624:
569:) and suspicion pointed to Morton. His return to power was brief, and the only important event was the
495:
464:
362:
306:
1105:
682:
223:. Having been pardoned, Morton returned to Scotland early in 1567, and with 600 men appeared before
173:. He took part in the unsuccessful embassy to England in November 1560 to treat for the marriage of
1679:
166:
809:, basement corridor. The Castle is notable for its planning with central corridors on three levels
950:
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702:
554:
228:
155:
787:
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48:
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740:) for eighteen months, until it was ordered to be reunited with his body in December 1582.
162:
68:
8:
1594:
1209:
729:
483:
338:
72:
56:
406:
While all now seemed to favour Morton, under-currents combined to procure his fall. The
1494:
737:
706:
663:
318:
260:
248:
200:. Though his sympathies were with the reformers, he took no part in the combination of
151:
140:
673:
329:
who held it for Mary. Regent Mar hoped that Morton could arrange for 12 cannons, 3000
158:, returned from captivity in England, and began to use his title of "Earl of Morton".
609:
601:
542:
515:
113:
849:, but these works have long since been demolished. Wreaths Tower, Kirkbean Parish,
658:
628:
605:
487:
322:
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64:
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205:
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52:
1440:
Lee, Maurice, 'The Fall of Regent Morton: a problem in Satellite Diplomacy,' in
1006:
600:, gained the favour of James by his courtly manners, and received the lands and
1616:
1390:
889:
814:
806:
764:
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620:
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272:
101:
60:
37:
1638:
1429:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 880–881.
1416:
1411:
1051:
874:
744:
574:
417:, and all parties in the divided Church disliked his seizure of its estates.
388:
330:
294:
170:
681:
Morton was brought to Edinburgh on 30 May 1581 and confined in the house of
169:
which invited an English army into Scotland to expel the Catholic regime of
139:
wrote to the Master of Morton in April 1544, discussing his journey towards
647:
451:. However, over the next few months, opposition to Morton grew, led by the
407:
280:
209:
120:
109:
45:
41:
748:
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reformers in 1565, but he headed the armed force which took possession of
842:
830:
822:
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passed by charter to the son of Dame Elizabeth Douglas's sister Beatrix,
570:
534:
441:
354:
627:, and he was at once committed to custody in Holyroodhouse and taken to
1365:, vol. 13 (Edinburgh, HMSO, 1978), pp. 21–22, 26–27, 149, 150–151, 166.
826:
710:
691:
686:
589:
530:
429:
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201:
76:
63:. He was in some ways the most successful of the four since he won the
239:
took up the challenge, Morton gave Lindsay the sword of his ancestor,
562:
422:
40:. He played a leading role in the murders of Queen Mary's confidant,
165:
were at first equivocal in 1559, but in February 1560 he signed the
646:
had revealed to him the design, although he denied participation, "
436:
hand guns from Flanders to serve as patterns for long guns called "
345:
71:. However, he came to an unfortunate end, executed by means of the
1410:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
271:
Scotland was now ruled by Regents on behalf of Mary's infant son,
818:
550:
437:
379:, the Hamiltons and other Catholic nobles who supported Mary, at
220:
561:
at Stirling introduced a new government. Morton, who secured an
21:
1465:
635:
597:
566:
433:
410:
216:
1229:
Journal of the Transactions in Scotland, by Richard Bannatyne
1215:
Journal of the Transactions in Scotland, by Richard Bannatyne
841:, Morton's lodging survives with its terrace overlooking the
192:
Morton's town house in Edinburgh is now a backpackers' hostel
505:
67:
that had been dragging on with the supporters of the exiled
1016:
at High Street Hostel, Edinburgh. Retrieved 6 February 2012
838:
1745:
People executed by the Kingdom of Scotland by decapitation
754:
215:
The Queen, before complying with the request, escaped to
161:
James's political activities and allegiances during the
16:
Regent of Scotland during the minority of King James VI
983:
Household Accounts of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
361:
following his discussions with the English ambassador
797:
154:
in 1550, James was exchanged for the English soldier
786:
was confiscated by the Crown and was granted to the
721:
appears to have initiated this Morton legend in his
235:
offered to settle the matter by single combat. When
1058:, vol. 1 (SHS: Edinburgh, 1931), pp. 104–111, 115:
1437:, John Donald, Edinburgh (1982, and reprint, 2003)
705:of St Giles. The method of his execution was the
463:and members of the Queen's party, in league with
1636:
778:Regent Morton had sons by other women including
421:, who had taken over as leader of the Kirk from
123:, James and his brother David communicated with
985:(RHS/CUP, 1995), p. 146 fm: Hewitt (1982), p. 4
557:. A nominal reconciliation was effected, and a
1735:Members of the pre-1707 Parliament of Scotland
1200:Grant's Old and New Edinburgh Vol 1 Chapter 12
1007:History of High Street Hostel and the Building
964:Hewitt, (1982), p. 1–3, citing for Tantallon,
1062:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1905), pp. 47–48, 52–54.
1042:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1903), pp. 545–546, 553.
865:Morton is a character in Liz Lochhead's play
634:Some months later Morton was condemned by an
615:On 31 December 1580, an associate of Lennox,
357:, and a week after his election, he wrote to
313:to negotiate with Elizabeth's representative
208:in March 1566 to effect the assassination of
1323:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1873) pp. 252–253, 271.
868:Mary Queen of Scots Got Her Head Chopped Off
701:He was executed on 2 June 1581, attended by
259:during the latter's brief term of office as
1157:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 279 no. 320.
596:, the king's cousin, came to Scotland from
219:, and Morton and the other leaders fled to
143:, and hoping he could leave the castles of
1377:, vol.5 (Edinburgh, 1907), p. 277 no. 315.
1251:
1249:
1074:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1905) p. 441 no. 488.
1454:2 vols, Freemantle and Co., London (1902)
1133:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 182, 197.
995:Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1547–1563
506:President of the Privy Council and arrest
133:English army that burnt Edinburgh in 1544
127:on the possibility of their surrendering
1750:Scottish politicians convicted of crimes
1730:Members of the Privy Council of Scotland
1665:16th-century Scottish military personnel
1415:
1310:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1874), pp. 321–322.
1145:, vol. 5 (Edinburgh, 1907), pp. 275–279.
845:. Morton also extended his residence at
801:
672:
657:
509:
231:in June 1567, where Mary's new husband,
187:
92:James Douglas was the second son of Sir
20:
1755:Inventors killed by their own invention
1740:People of the Scottish Marian Civil War
1246:
954:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1890), pp. 720–722
1637:
1025:Hewitt (1982), 10, citing Calderwood,
853:, is said to have belonged to Morton.
755:Widow, daughters, and the Morton title
337:, who was a fugitive after the failed
147:and Tantallon in the hands of allies.
1700:Privy Council of Mary, Queen of Scots
1363:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland
471:and custodian of the young James VI.
321:. Mar wanted English help to capture
266:
1448:Sir Herbert Maxwell Bart., FRS, LLD.
1272:(Williams and Norgate, 1916), p. 299
1096:, vol. 12 (Edinburgh, 1970), p. 354.
1094:Accounts of the Treasurer: 1566–1574
860:
773:Archibald Douglas, 8th Earl of Angus
760:supervise and protect her property.
251:in 1568, and he was the most valued
241:Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus
1670:16th-century executions by Scotland
1295:James Morton grave monument details
997:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 504.
677:Stone marker in Greyfriars Kirkyard
525:On 27 April 1578, by the action of
311:James MacGill of Nether Rankeillour
233:James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
13:
1421:Morton, James Douglas, 4th Earl of
1175:Hewitt (1982), pp. 76–77, 188–189.
931:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 615
798:Drochil Castle and other buildings
520:Scottish National Portrait Gallery
14:
1771:
1471:James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
1458:
1452:A History of the House of Douglas
1143:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
1110:A Collection of Royal Inventories
413:were alienated by his leaning to
377:George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly
179:James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran
98:James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Morton
25:James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
1610:
1464:
1403:
181:. On their way back from London
114:Robert Maxwell, 6th Lord Maxwell
1368:
1356:
1338:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1288:
1275:
1262:
1257:History of the House of Douglas
1234:
1231:(Edinburgh, 1806), pp. 493–518.
1221:
1203:
1194:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1115:
1099:
1086:
1077:
1065:
1045:
1032:
1029:(Edinburgh, 1843), pp. 363–364.
1027:History of the Kirk of Scotland
966:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
888:Morton was played by the actor
813:James Douglas started building
723:History of the House of Douglas
447:In 1577 Morton was granted the
1690:Burials at Greyfriars Kirkyard
1685:Lord high admirals of Scotland
1375:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1346:"Wreaths Tower | Canmore"
1155:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1131:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1112:(Edinburgh, 1815) pp. 195–200.
1072:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1060:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1040:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1019:
1000:
988:
975:
958:
943:
934:
929:Calendar State Papers Scotland
921:
908:
769:John Maxwell, 8th Lord Maxwell
545:, Morton gained possession of
401:Agnes Keith, Countess of Moray
385:William Maitland of Lethington
315:Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon
295:Matthew Stewart, Regent Lennox
94:George Douglas of Pittendreich
51:. He was the last of the four
36:(c. 1516 – 2 June 1581) was a
1:
1521:Lord High Admiral of Scotland
1444:, vol. 28 (1956), pp. 111–129
1435:Scotland under Morton 1572–80
1270:Edinburgh, A Historical Study
901:
594:Esmé Stewart, Sieur d'Aubigny
428:In 1575 Morton obtained six "
87:
1760:Lord chancellors of Scotland
653:
359:William Cecil, Lord Burghley
82:
7:
1660:16th-century Scottish peers
1577:Lord Chancellor of Scotland
1550:Lord Chancellor of Scotland
1384:
972:, vol. 4. pp. 94–95, 98–99.
668:National Museum of Scotland
640:John Graham, Lord Hallyards
617:James Stuart, Earl of Arran
514:James Douglas, c. 1578, by
327:William Kirkcaldy of Grange
281:James Stewart, Regent Moray
198:Lord Chancellor of Scotland
10:
1776:
1715:House of Douglas and Angus
1396:
1333:Register of the Great Seal
1241:Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae
1166:Hewitt, (1982), pp. 64–71.
1121:Hewitt, (1982), pp. 82–91.
486:, retiring for a while to
465:Alexander Erskine of Gogar
307:Commendator of Dunfermline
1725:Lords of the Congregation
1623:
1608:
1600:
1593:
1583:
1574:
1566:
1556:
1547:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1442:Journal of Modern History
1217:(Edinburgh, 1806), p. 513
918:(John Donald, 1982), p. 1
892:in the 1971 period drama
631:in the Lennox heartland.
299:John Erskine, Earl of Mar
1710:Executed Scottish people
1655:Nobility from Midlothian
1092:Charles Thorpe McInnes,
1012:27 December 2011 at the
533:) and his brothers, the
397:jewels belonging to Mary
135:. The English commander
1426:Encyclopædia Britannica
1335:, vol. 5 nos. 1346/1549
1297:at gravestonephotos.com
821:and the valleys of the
719:David Hume of Godscroft
229:battle of Carberry Hill
75:, a predecessor of the
59:during the minority of
1587:The 5th Earl of Argyll
1570:The 5th Earl of Huntly
1560:The 5th Earl of Huntly
1543:The 4th Earl of Huntly
810:
788:Chancellor of Scotland
780:James Douglas of Spott
736:of Edinburgh (outside
678:
670:
522:
372:
335:Earl of Northumberland
193:
175:Elizabeth I of England
26:
1283:Old and New Edinburgh
1259:, vol. 1, pp. 283–285
1227:John Graham Dalyell,
1189:Old and New Edinburgh
916:Scotland under Morton
851:Dumfries and Galloway
805:
676:
661:
650:", in its execution.
513:
367:
237:Patrick, Lord Lindsay
191:
125:Henry VIII of England
24:
1675:16th-century regents
1473:at Wikimedia Commons
1083:Hewitt (1982), p. 25
968:, 19:1, p. 213, and
895:Mary, Queen of Scots
608:, and the office of
163:Scottish Reformation
119:At the start of the
69:Mary, Queen of Scots
1695:Regents of Scotland
1595:Peerage of Scotland
1480:Government offices
1433:Hewitt, George R.,
1210:John Graham Dalyell
970:Maitland Miscellany
940:Hewitt (1982), 207.
914:Hewitt, George R.,
881:(originally called
730:Greyfriars Kirkyard
709:, an early form of
696:Walter Balcanquhall
638:, presided over by
484:Honours of Scotland
482:and the jewels and
399:which were held by
339:Rising of the North
301:, sent Morton with
1535:Political offices
1495:Regent of Scotland
883:The Master of Gray
811:
738:St Giles Cathedral
679:
671:
523:
319:Berwick upon Tweed
285:Earl of Shrewsbury
267:Regent of Scotland
261:Regent of Scotland
249:Battle of Langside
196:In 1563 he became
194:
152:Treaty of Boulogne
141:Berwick-upon-Tweed
104:in Midlothian and
34:4th Earl of Morton
27:
1720:Peers jure uxoris
1705:Scottish soldiers
1633:
1632:
1627:Archibald Douglas
1624:Succeeded by
1584:Succeeded by
1557:Succeeded by
1509:Military offices
1469:Media related to
1268:Herbert Maxwell,
1191:, vol. 2, p. 302.
861:Morton in fiction
604:, the custody of
602:earldom of Lennox
577:in the west, and
516:Arnold Bronckorst
167:Treaty of Berwick
38:Scottish nobleman
1767:
1614:
1601:Preceded by
1567:Preceded by
1540:Preceded by
1485:Preceded by
1477:
1476:
1468:
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1409:
1407:
1406:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1353:
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1330:
1324:
1321:Carlaverock Book
1319:William Fraser,
1317:
1311:
1308:Lennox Muniments
1306:William Fraser,
1304:
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606:Dumbarton Castle
588:In May 1579, at
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488:Lochleven Castle
370:inconvenientis."
323:Edinburgh Castle
291:to be vigilant.
289:Sheffield Castle
253:privy counsellor
245:Lochleven Castle
225:Borthwick Castle
129:Tantallon Castle
121:Rough Wooing war
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579:Claude Hamilton
575:Hamilton family
547:Stirling Castle
508:
496:Thomas Randolph
476:Holyrood Palace
469:Stirling Castle
461:Roman Catholics
459:, both leading
449:barony of Stobo
419:Andrew Melville
363:Henry Killigrew
303:Robert Pitcairn
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683:Robert Gourlay
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467:, governor of
457:Earl of Atholl
453:Earl of Argyll
349:October 1572.
341:, to England.
317:, Governor of
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1650:1581 deaths
1185:James Grant
831:River Tweed
823:Tarth Water
794:, in 1587.
610:chamberlain
571:prosecution
442:Michael Sym
1639:Categories
1621:1553–1581
1581:1567–1573
1554:1563–1566
1499:1572–1578
902:References
827:Lyne Water
711:guillotine
692:John Durie
687:Royal Mile
590:St Andrews
559:parliament
531:Regent Mar
480:Great Seal
430:snaphaunce
415:Episcopacy
202:Protestant
88:Early life
77:guillotine
1255:Maxwell,
877:'s novel
745:Victorian
666:" in the
654:Execution
619:, son of
563:indemnity
423:John Knox
355:Elizabeth
325:from Sir
277:civil war
83:Biography
65:civil war
1385:See also
1285:, p. 124
1010:Archived
734:Tolbooth
725:(1644).
543:Dryburgh
529:(son of
455:and the
438:calivers
346:Nor Loch
273:James VI
145:Dalkeith
61:James VI
57:Scotland
1529:Unknown
1515:Unknown
1414::
1397:Sources
819:Peebles
749:lairage
685:on the
625:Darnley
551:Falkirk
255:of the
221:England
131:to the
53:regents
1525:1567–
1408:
829:, and
782:. The
707:maiden
664:Maiden
636:assize
598:France
567:poison
478:, the
434:musket
411:clergy
217:Dunbar
73:Maiden
44:, and
833:. At
662:The "
381:Perth
839:Fife
694:and
541:and
498:and
309:and
112:and
1423:".
837:in
537:of
287:at
177:to
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